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Management, Conservation and Researchof the Wolf in Slovakia
Slavomír FinďoNational Forest Centre – Forest Research Institute ZvolenCarpathain Wildife Society
Michaela SkubanCarpathian Wildlife Society
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
• Hunting
• Impact of road infrastructure
• Lack of knowledge, public awarness and research on wolves
• Gap in communication and cooperation among parties involved in the wolf management
Main threats to wolf population in Slovakia
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Wolves hunted in 1991-1995 and distribution in 2004
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Legend!( 1995
!( 1994
!( 1993
!( 1992
!( 1991
Protected corridor
Protected corridor
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
N
Numbers Hunted wolves
Partial protection
Total protection
Partial protection
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
N
1975
Numbers of hunted wolves in Slovakia in 1968-2006
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Hunted wolves in 2006 (N=91). Yellow circles show location of hunting grounds with shot wolves. Numerals indicate more than one killed wolf within the hunting ground
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!(
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!(
4
4
3
3
3
3 3 2
2
222
2
22
2 22
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Estimated wolf population size by hunters/wildlife experts and the number of hunted wolves in the district of Rožňava (82 798 ha) in 1982-2002.
20
40
60
80
100
12019
82
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Hunters estimate Wildlife experts estimate Hunted wolves
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
10
20
30
40
50
60
7019
82
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
%
Percent of fall and early winter population killed. Removal of about 40 % of individuals or more resulted in population decline and consequently to a smaller chance to hunt wolves.
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Overview of Research Activities
Feeding ecology of wolf: scat analysis (n=356), 12 mountain ranges, 1992-1999
69%
21%
5%
1%1%2%1%
Diviak Hlodavce Rastliny OvcaOstatné Neurčené Jeleňovité
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
The influence of wolf predation on distribution of swine fever disease (Pestis suum europaea) among wild boars
1994 1997
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Study site
PackPack
sizeSex Age
Weight
Kg
Number of
locations
Tatry Bialka 7 ♂ Adult 37 180
Nízke
TatryStruhár 5 ♀ Adult 40 319
Spatiotemporal behaviour of wolf and its main prey red deer
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Sex
&
Pack
HR size ha
MCP 100 % Kernel 50 %
♂ Bialka 14 600 2 100
♀ Struhár 19 100 2 800
Wolf home range shape & size
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Nízke Tatry
Po¾ana
Red deer telemetry study
Nízke Tatry & Poľana (120 000 hectares)
21 animals tagged (13 ♂♂ & 8 ♀♀)
HR size (MCP = 100 %)
Migratory: 7 700 – 8 700 ha
Sedentary: 530 – 1320 ha
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
BabaBukovecÈierny dielFatra PrašiváHavranovoChabenecJasenie¼upèiankaRichtárovoStracenô
Jeleò è. 19Jeleò è. 15Jeleò è. 14Jelenica è. 100Vllèica
5 0 5 10 Kilometers
HR Wolf – Red deer in the Nízke Tatry Mts
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
#
##
#
#
##
#
R5-1
R2-1
R6-1 R3-2R4-1
R3-2
R2-3R2-2
R1-1
R1-2R2-4
R2-5
R2-6 R2-7
R2-8
R2-9 R2-10 R2-11
R3-1
R7-1R7-2
D2-1
D1-1
D1-2
D1-6
D1-7
D1-8
D1-9
D1-3
D1-4D1-5
D3-1
D3-2
Žilina
Banská Bystrica
NitraTrnava
Trenčín
Bratislava
Košice
Prešov
Number of species
POCET
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Identification of critical segments of the main road transportation corridors with wildlife habitats
Bear, wolf, lynx, wild cat, red deer,
wild boar, fallow deer and mouflon
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
#
#
#
#
#
##
#
Nitra
Prešov
Košice
Žilina
Trnava
Trenčín
Bratislava
Banská Bystrica
D2
D4
R7
R1
R2
D1
R6
D1
R5
D3
R3
R3
R4
D1
R3
R7
R2
R4R2
Potential impact of the main road transportaion corridors on wolf habitat
Nowy Targ 7.-8.12.2007
Livestock protection
• Gudelines for farmers
• Expert groups in charge of damage assesment imposed by predators to livestock and other human properties are in principle insufficiantely educated. → Incorrect damage assesment results in hatred to predators, especially the wolf.
Conclusions:
• Any changes of legislation should be done carefully in cooperation with hunters in order to prevent contraproductive effects
• Introduce large-scale system of wildlife management
- Quota for hunting wolves. Proposed spring numbers 280 wolves. Less than 20 % of spring numbers should be hunted. - Prevent destruction of whole packs. Lonly individuals or pairs can be more destructive to livestock than compact pack. - Ban drive hunts. - Report shot wolves including filled form with a photo of killed animal
Conclusions:
• Improve system of livestock protection and damage assessment
• Insist on building passages and other mitigation for animals during road netowrk construction, especially of motorways and dual carriageways
• Include wolf and livestock protection issue into currently prepared research acitivities
Publications
Finďo, S. – Hood, A. 2001: Interakcie veľkých šeliem a oviec na vybraných salašoch stredného Slovenska. Folia venatoria 30-31, 199-206.
Finďo, S. 2002: Potravná ekológia vlka (Canis lupus) v Slovenských Karpatoch. Výskum a ochrana cicavcov na Slovensku V. 45-55.
Finďo, S. 2002: Vrodené správanie a návyky pastierskch strážnych psov využívané pri ochrane hospodárskch zvierat proti veľkým šelmám. Výskum a ochrana cicavcov na Slovensku V. 147-153.
Finďo, S. 2002: Domovské okrsky, migrácie a denná aktivita jelenej zveri v horských lesoch. Folia venatoria 32, 7-14.
Finďo, S. – Chovancová, B. 2004: Home ranges of two wolf packs in the Slovak Carpathians. Folia Zool. 53(1), 17-26.
Finďo, S. 2005: Reducing sheep losses to large predators by use of livestock guarding dogs. Beiträge zur Jagd-und Wildforschung, Bd. 30, 213-221.
Finďo, S. – Skuban, M. – Koreň, M. 2007: Brown bear corridors in Slovakia. Identification of critical segments of the main road transportation corridors with wildlife habitats. Carpathian Wildlife Society.