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Management of Tobacco Hornworm and Tobacco Budworm in Tobacco in South Carolina
Francis P. F. Reay-Jones, Bruce A. Fortnum
and Dewitt T. Gooden
School of Agricultural, Forest and Environmental Sciences Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC
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Tobacco Hornworm Manduca sexta
Budworms Heliothis virescens, Heliothis zea
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Slide Set P. Semtner, VT
Treat when 10% plants infested
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Insecticide use on tobacco in SC
• Average of 6 applications per year from 1986 to 2011.
• Cost of insecticide + application for hornworm and budworm control:
= 69% of insect control costs
• Estimated 2013 SC production costs: − Cost of insecticides and nematicides = $305/ac − Total variable costs = $3,755/ac
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Insecticides for worm control • Warrior (lambda-cyhalothrin) • Lannate (methomyl) • Orthene (acephate) • Sevin (carbaryl) - hornworm only • Denim (emamectin benzoate) • Tracer (spinosad) • Bt • Coragen (chlorantraniliprole) • Belt (flubendiamide)
Decreasing impact on beneficial insects
3
3
5
14
0
40
0
14
1
Pre-harvest interval
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Mode of action of insecticides for worm control as classified by IRAC
• Orthene (acephate) (1A) • Sevin (carbaryl) (1A) • Lannate (methomyl) (1A) • Warrior (lambda-cyhalothrin) (3A) • Denim (emamectin benzoate) (6) • Tracer (spinosad) (5) • Bt (11) • Belt (flubendiamide) (28) • Coragen (chlorantraniliprole) (28)
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New insecticides • Labeled:
o Belt (Bayer; phthalic acid diamide; A.I. = flubendiamide o Coragen (DuPont; anthranilic diamide, A.I. =
chlorantraniliprole or rynaxypyr) o Besiege (Syngenta; chlorantraniliprole + lambda-
cyhalothrin) o Voliam Flexi (Syngenta; chlorantraniliprole +
thiamethoxam) - foliar applications o Durivo (Syngenta; chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam) -
transplant applications o Blackhawk (Dow AgroSciences; spinosad)
• Not yet labeled: o Cyazypyr (DuPont; cyantraniliprole or cyazypyr; Trade
names: Verimark, Exirel, Benevia)
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• 2 x 40 foot rows per plot, n = 4 replications. • Treatments:
2008-2013 trials
• No foliar insecticides • Cyazypyr (cyantraniliprole) • Coragen (chlorantraniliprole) • Tracer (spinosad) • Blackhawk (spinosad) • Belt (flubendiamide) • Javelin, DiPel (Bt) • Denim (emamectin benzoate) • Besiege (chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin) • Voliam Flexi (chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam) • Durivo (chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam)
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• Greenhouse tray drench and transplant water applications of:
2008-2013 trials
• Cyazypyr (cyantraniliprole) • Coragen (chlorantraniliprole) • Durivo (chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam)
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Coragen in transplant water – Budworm control
Transplanted on 24 April 2013.
May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Plan
ts in
fest
ed w
ith li
ve la
rvae
0
5
10
15
20
25
ControlCoragen 5 oz/acCoragen 7.5 oz/ac
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Coragen in transplant water – Hornworm control
Transplanted on 24 April 2013.
May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Plan
ts in
fest
ed w
ith li
ve la
rvae
0
5
10
15
20
25ControlCoragen 5 oz/acCoragen 7.5 oz/ac
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Coragen in transplant water – Budworm and hornworm control
Transplanted on 24 April 2013.
May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Plan
ts in
fest
ed w
ith li
ve la
rvae
0
5
10
15
20
25ControlCoragen 5 oz/acCoragen 7.5 oz/ac
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May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Plan
ts in
fest
ed w
ith la
rvae
larv
ae
0
10
20
30ControlCyazypyr tray drenchCyazypyr tray drench + Coragen 5 oz/ac transplant water
Cyazypyr as a tray drench – Budworm and hornworm control
Transplanted on 24 April 2013.
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Coragen in transplant water - 2012
Transplanted on 4/25/12
Plan
ts in
fest
ed w
ith b
udw
orm
larv
ae (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
UntreatedCoragen 5 oz
Plan
ts in
fest
ed w
ith h
ornw
orm
larv
ae (%
)
0
5
10
15
20
UntreatedCoragen 5 oz
Plan
ts in
fest
ed w
ith b
udw
orm
or
hor
nwor
m la
rvae
(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
UntreatedCoragen 5 oz
5/21 6/11 7/2 7/23 8/13
5/21 6/11 7/2 7/23 8/13
5/21 6/11 7/2 7/23 8/13
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Year Product Rate (oz/ac)
Transplant date
Date BW threshold
Date HW threshold
Date worms threshold
2009 Durivo 10
4/17 - 5/27 5/27
Untreated - 5/13 5/27 5/13
2010
Durivo 10
4/21
6/7 - 6/7
Coragen 5 6/7 - 6/7
Coragen 7 6/7 - 6/7
Cyazypyr 10.3 6/7 6/7 6/7
Untreated - 5/25 5/25 5/25
2011
Coragen 5
4/19
6/6 6/27 6/6
Coragen 7 6/6 - 6/6
Cyazypyr 5.1 6/6 - 6/6
Cyazypyr 6.8 - - -
Cyazypyr 10 - - -
Untreated - 6/6 6/14 6/6
2012 Coragen 5
4/25 6/4 8/27 6/4
Untreated - 6/4 7/2 6/4
2013
Coragen 5
4/24
- - 7/1
Coragen 7 - - -
Untreated - 5/13 7/1 5/13
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Year Product Rate (oz/ac)
Transplant date
Date BW threshold
Date HW threshold
Date worms threshold
2009 Durivo 10
4/17 - 5/27 5/27
Untreated - 5/13 5/27 5/13
2010
Durivo 10
4/21
6/7 - 6/7
Coragen 5 6/7 - 6/7
Coragen 7 6/7 - 6/7
Cyazypyr 10.3 6/7 6/7 6/7
Untreated - 5/25 5/25 5/25
2011
Coragen 5
4/19
6/6 6/27 6/6
Coragen 7 6/6 - 6/6
Cyazypyr 5.1 6/6 - 6/6
Cyazypyr 6.8 - - -
Cyazypyr 10 - - -
Untreated - 6/6 6/14 6/6
2012 Coragen 5
4/25 6/4 8/27 6/4
Untreated - 6/4 7/2 6/4
2013
Coragen 5
4/24
- - 7/1
Coragen 7 - - -
Untreated - 5/13 7/1 5/13
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Year Product Rate (oz/ac)
Transplant date BW control HW control Worm control
2009 Durivo 10
4/17 Season 6 wks 6 wks
Untreated - - - -
2010
Durivo 10
4/21
7 wks Season 7 wks
Coragen 5 7 wks Season 7 wks
Coragen 7 7 wks Season 7 wks
Cyazypyr 10.3 7 wks 7 wks 7 wks
Untreated - - - -
2011
Coragen 5
4/19
- 10 wks -
Coragen 7 - Season -
Cyazypyr 5.1 - Season Season
Cyazypyr 6.8 Season Season Season
Cyazypyr 10 Season Season Season
Untreated - - - -
2012 Coragen 5
4/25 - 18 wks -
Untreated - - - -
2013
Coragen 5
4/24
Season Season 10 wks
Coragen 7 Season Season Season
Untreated - - - -
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Year Transplant water Rate (oz/ac)
Transplant date Applications of spinosad
2011
Coragen 5
4/19
2
Coragen 7 1
Cyazypyr 5.1 1
Cyazypyr 6.8 0
Cyazypyr 10 1
Untreated - 3
2012 Coragen 5
4/25 2
Untreated - 3
2013
Coragen 5
4/24
1
Coragen 7 0
Untreated - 3
Foliar applications of spinosad for BW and HW control
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Foliar applications of insecticides for hornworm/budworm control at Pee Dee REC, 2012
• In 2012, at threshold (10% plants infested): • 3 applications of Tracer (0.25 oz) • 4 applications of Tracer (0.75 oz) • 3 applications of Tracer (1.25 oz) • 4 applications of Tracer (1.75 oz) • 4 applications of Blackhawk (0.35 oz) • 3 applications of Blackhawk (1.04 oz) • 3 applications of Blackhawk (1.7 oz) • 4 applications of Blackhawk (2.43 oz) • 3 applications of Belt (3 oz)
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Foliar applications of insecticides for hornworm/budworm control at Pee Dee REC, 2012
• In 2012, at threshold (10% plants infested): • 3 applications of Besiege (5 oz) • 3 applications of Besiege (9 oz) • 3 applications of Denim (8 oz) • 4 applications of Denim (12 oz)
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Foliar applications of insecticides for hornworm/budworm control at Pee Dee REC, 2013
• In 2013, at threshold (10% plants infested): • 2 applications of Belt (2 oz) • 2 applications of Belt (3 oz) • 2 applications of Coragen (3.5 oz) • 2 applications of Coragen (5 oz) • 2 applications of Coragen (7 oz) • 3 applications of Blackhawk (1.5 oz) • 3 applications of Besiege (6 oz) • 2 applications of Besiege (9 oz) • 4 applications of DiPel (0.5 lb) • 4 applications of DiPel (1 lb)
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Yield
• Green weight not significantly affected by treatment (2012-2013).
• Cured yield and quality not significantly affected by treatment (2012-2013).
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Summary of results
• New insecticides Coragen and Belt provide excellent control of hornworms and budworms.
• Transplant water applications of chlorantraniliprole provide in general 6 weeks or more of control of budworms and hornworms.
• Allows growers to focus on managing other crops without as much concern for early season infestations of worms.
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Acknowledgements
• Funding: • South Carolina Tobacco Board • DuPont • Bayer CropScience • Syngenta Crop Protection • Dow AgroSciences
• William Griggs and Terry Teal for assistance with field work.
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