Managementul calitatii - Practica

7/28/2019 Managementul calitatii - Practica

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GNMNHKGKMR[A INAFRNRFF-Y[PCZR BK I[ZY

GNMNHKGKMR[A INAFRNRFF

Y[PCZR BK I[ZY

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GNMNHKGKMR[A INAFRNRFF-Y[PCZR BK I[ZYICMIKPR[A BK NYFH[ZNZKN INAFRFF

NYFH[ZNZKN INAFRFF

INAFRNRKN RCRNA - sntfslnikrkn icmtfmu n ikrfmk!cr i!fkmf!cr "m icm#fff!k umcr icsturf$fmf$k

Nmsngjaua nitfvftfacrprkvkmtfvk prfm inrk sk

urgrktk m gcb sfstkgntfi ssk nsfhurk icrkitftubfmkn fklfiniftntknnitf%fttf!cr #k&

PanmflfinrkCrhnmfznrk Iccrbcmnrk Nmtrkmnrk

fmkrk sicmtrc

m sicpua bk n hnrnmtncjfmkrkn rkzuatntkacr an

mfvkaua inaftntfv bcrft

NYF!"N"#NIN$F%&FF

NYF!"N"#NIN$F%&FF

"#N$F'N"#N !(C"C)F#I%F*##+%#"(#

"#N$F'N"#N !(C"C)F#I%F*##+%#"(#

"#N$F'N"#N !(C"C)F#I%F*#

F(%#"(#

"#N$F'N"#N !(C"C)F#I%F*#

F(%#"(#

"kprkzfmt nitfvftfakbkslurntk, m sicpua bk n bn

mirkbkrk iafkmfacr i sfstkguainaftff lurmfzcruauf pkrgftkcjfmkrkn inaftff ikrutk

"kprkzfmt nitfvftfak

bkslurntk pkmtru n bnmirkbkrk icmbuikrff lfrgkf ivn lf cjfmut inaftntkn ikrut

"kprkzfmt nitfvftfakbkslurntk pkmtru n bn

mirkbkrk icmbuikrff lfrgkf ivn lf cjfmut inaftntkn ikrut

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3/33


ICMIKPR[A BK ICMRZCA NA INAFRFF

Yuprnvkh-krkn inaftff rkprkzfmt gcmftcrfznrkn fvkrflfinrkn icmtfmu n strff umkf kmtftf, m sicpuansfhurrff i ikrfmkak spkiflfintk sumt sntfsliutk.

IC(%"C$!$ IN$F%&FF

#vnaunrkn inaftff rkprkzfmt kxngfmnrknsfstkgntfi, klkitunt pkmtru n

bktkrgfmn m ik gsur c kmtftntk kstk

inpnjfa s sntfslni ikrfmkakspkiflfintk.

Fmspkifn inaftffrkprkzfmt nitfvftfak prfm inrk skgscnr, kxngfmknz, miknri

umn snu gnf guatk inrnitkrfstfif nak umkf kmtftf f skicgpnr rkzuatntua iu ikrfmkak spkiflfintk, m sicpua

bktkrgfmrff icmlcrgftff nikstcr inrnitkrfstfif

*krflfinrkn inaftff rkprkzfmt icmlfrgnrknicmlcrgftff iu ikrfmkak spkiflfintk, prfm

kxngfmnrkn f nbuikrkn bk prcjk tnmhfjfak.

9


4/33

GNMNHKGKMR[A INAFRNRFF-Y[PCZR BK I[ZYICMIKPR[A BK YFYRKG BK INAFRNRK

Ikrfmkak prfvfmb sfstk!a bk "m"#kkmt "a $"aft%ff "! &'st str!$t!r"tk pk !r%t'"rkak sk$f!mf Yfstk!a bk "m"#kkmt "a $"aft%ff Zksp'ms"(faft"tk" $'mb!$krff G"m"#kkmt!a rks!rska'r Zk"af)"rk" pr'b!s!a!f G%s!r"rk* "m"af)% +f ,(!m%t%frk

Mct

kakkmtkak $"rk fm bk rksp'ms"(faft"tk" $'mb!$krff p't &f $'msfbkr"tk $" rkprk)kmtmb 'k!k$kmtk #icm#uikrk n sfstk$u!uf #k $nmn(k$kmt n! in!ftff)* ,m tfp $k kakkmtkak $'rksp!m)%t'"rk$ka'ra"atk sk$f!mf rkprk)fmt% 'k!k$kmtk #k #ksl*urnrk n sfstk$u!uf #k $nmn(k$kmt n! in!ftff

Crfkmtnrkn itrk i!fkmt+ N,cr#nrkn$nmn(k$kmtu!uf in sfstk$

Akn#krsf.+ Pc!ftfin *fc,fkitf%k!k "m #c$kmfu!in!ftff

/$,umtfrknicmtfmu+Crfkmtnrkn s.rkrk0u!tntk

F$.!finrkn .krscmn!u!uf N,cr#nrkn .k ,n0k #kln.tk "m !unrkn #kif0ff!cr

N,cr#nrkn ,n0nt .k.rciks+F#kmtflfinrk *ffmtkrnifumk

Zk!nff rkif.rcin%nmtn>cnsk iu lurmf0cru!

ICMIKPR[A BK YFYRKG BK INAFRNRK- KAKGKMRK BK ICMB[IKZK

#$#.#(%#$#YFY%#.!$!F IN$F%&FF

#$#.#(%# /#IC(/!I#"# N YI

#$#.#(%# /#/#Y0&>!"N"# N

YI

#akgkmtkak sfstkguauf bk gnmnhkgkmt na inaftff, bklfmftk bkstnmbnrbua FYC :992;


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ZKYPCMYN:FAFRNRKN ICMB[IKZFF

nm(n>n$kmtu! icm#uikrff crfkmtnrkn s.rk i!fkmt .c!ftfin "m #c$kmfu! in!ftff .!nmflfinrk

'(fk$tfvkak rk&krft'"rk a" $"aft"tk

pa"mf&f$"rk" sfstk!a!f bk "m"#kkmt "a $"aft%ff rks.cmsn,f!ftntk9 nutcrftntk *f ic$umfinrk

rksp'ms"(faft"tk +f "!t'rft"tkrkprk)kmt"mt!a $'mb!$krff$'!mf$"rk fmtkrm%

nmn!f0n klkitunt #k icm#uikrk"spk$tk #kmkr"akb"tk bk fmtr"rk "ak "m"af)kfb"tk bk fk+frk "ak "m"af)kf

#akgkmtkak bk icmbuikrk n sfstkguauf bk gnmnhkgkmt na inaftff,bklfmftk bk stnmbnrbua FYC :992;


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ICMIKPR[A BK YFYRKG BK INAFRNRK - KAKGKMRK BK BKY2;[ZNZK


7/33


Mf%k!u! N

Gnmun!u!In!ftff

Mf%k!u! :

Prcik#urf!kYfstk$u!uf In!ftff

Mf%k!u! I

Bciu$kmtk!k In!ftff?lcr$u!nrk9 rn.cnrtk9fmstruifumf #k !uiru5

GNM[NA[A INAFRFF #ksirfk sfstk$u! #k $nmn(k$kmt n! in!ftff cr(nmf0nfkf "micmicr#nm iu .c!ftfin *f c,fkitf%k!k in!ftff

PZCIKB[ZFAK YFYRKG[A[F INAFRFF - #ksirfu .rciksk!k *f nitf%ftf!k mkiksnrk .kmtru

f$.!k$kmtnrkn sfstk$u!uf #k $nmn(k$kmt n! in!ftffBCI[GKMRKAK INAFRFF - rk.rk0fmt #ciu$kmtk #k !uiru #ktn!fntk

GNM[NA[A INAFRFF

mfvkaurf prfmifpnak icmlcrg stnmbnrbuauf FYC 2992? /ciugkmtkak sfstkguauf bknsfhurnrkn inaftff pct lf struiturntk fkrnr-fi pk trkf 5 1-fb pkmtru bciugkmtnfn

sfstkguauf bk gnmnhkgkmt na inaftff"

.N(!N$!$ IN$F%&FF kstk um bciugkmt inrk bksirfk sfstkgua bkgnmnhkgkmt na inaftff umkf mtrkprfmbkrf, skrvfmb in rklkrfm pkrgnmkmt

m fgpakgkmtnrkn f gkmfmkrkn nikstuf sfstkg


8/33


GNM[NA[A INAFRFF

C,skr%nff

Hr"b!a bk bkt"afkrk +f 'b!a bk rkb"$t"rk +f prk)kmt"rk "a !m!f G"m!"a "a I"aft%ff bkpfmbk bmkv'fak spk$f&f$k "ak &frkf $"rk ,a ka"('rk)%

Pkmtr! ka"('r"rk" "m!"a!a!f* $t +f pkmtr! "$t!"af)%rfak !atkrf'"rk "ak "$kst!f"* trk(!fk $'ms!at"t'"tk bkp"rt"kmtkak $'p"rtfkmtkak &frkf s"! pkrs'"mkak fpaf$"tk ,m "$tfvft"tk" bk "sf#!r"rk$"aft%ff bfm $"br!a &frkf

G"m!"a!a I"aft%ff trk(!fk s% fm% $'mt bk $'mbfffak $'m$rktk +f rk"ak "ak &frkf pkmtr! $"rk ka"('rk")% (")mb!-sk pk pr"$tf$fak bk2" k;fstkmtk ,m b'kmf!a "sf#!r%rff $"aft%ff

7m hkmkrna, c lfrg nrk um sfmhur gnmuna na inaftff= "kspcmsnjfaftntntkn rkbnitrff f hkstfcmrff gnmunauauf inaftff f

rkvfmk kluauf icg nrtfgkmtuauf bk nsf urnrkn inaft ff bfm lfrg=

N*N(%N3#$#!%F$F'&"FF

.N(!N$!$!F

IN$F%&%FF

N*N(%N3#$#!%F$F'&"FF

.N(!N$!$!FIN$F%&%FF

#nifaftkz mkakhkrkumftnr n pcaftfiff

inaftff

#nifaftkz mkakhkrkumftnr n pcaftfiff

inaftff

#nifaftknz rknafznrkncjfkitfvkacr prfm bklfmfrkn

rkspcmsnjfaftfacr, n struiturffcrhnmfzntcrfik sf prfm

gjumtfrkn inaftff

#nifaftknz rknafznrkn

cjfkitfvkacr prfm bklfmfrknrkspcmsnjfaftfacr, n struiturffcrhnmfzntcrfik sf prfm

gjumtfrkn inaftff

$gjumtktkicgumfinrkn m

fmtkrfcrua crhnmfznfkf sfrkanffak iu iafkmff f

pnrtkmkrff

$gjumtktk

icgumfinrkn mfmtkrfcrua crhnmfznfkf sfrkanffak iu iafkmff f

pnrtkmkrff

!cmtrfjufk an irknrknumkf fgnhfmf

lnvcrnjfak m rkanffak

iu iafkmff

!cmtrfjufk an irknrknumkf fgnhfmf

lnvcrnjfak m rkanffakiu iafkmff

Nsfhur fmstrufrknumftnr n pkrscmnauauf

prfvfmb sfstkgua bk

gnmnhkgkmt na inaftff

Nsfhur fmstrufrknumftnr n pkrscmnauauf

prfvfmb sfstkgua bk

gnmnhkgkmt na inaftff

Nsfhur niiksua anbciugkmtkak sfstkguauf bkgnmnhkgkmt na inaftff f

lnifaftkz hkstfcmnrknnikstcrn

Nsfhur niiksua anbciugkmtkak sfstkguauf bkgnmnhkgkmt na inaftff f

lnifaftkz hkstfcmnrknnikstcrn

%krvktk in

bciugkmtprfmifpna pkmtrunubftua inaftff

%krvktk in

bciugkmtprfmifpna pkmtrunubftua inaftff

!cmtrfjufk ani&tfhnrkn mirkbkrffiafkmfacr i ikrfmkakacr vcr lf sntsfliutk

!cmtrfjufk ani&tfhnrkn mirkbkrffiafkmfacr i ikrfmkakacr vcr lf sntsfliutk


9/33


G"m!"a!a I"aft%ff sk p'"tk rk&krf a" t't"aft"tk" "$tfvft%fa'r &frkf s"! m!"f a" ' p"rtk bfmtrk "$kstk C &fr% ,sf p'"tk ,+f ka"('r" !m "m!"a "a $"aft%ff pkmtr! !) fmtkrm +f "at!a !tfaf)"t fm s$'p!rf k;tkrm

Gnmun!u! In!ftff .cntk lf struiturnt&

tfta!a* s$'p!a +f b'kmf!a bk "paf$"rk "a "m!"a!a!f $!prfms!a "m!"a!a!f p"#fm" fmtr'b!$tfv% rk&krft'"rk a" 'r#"mf)"fk +f "m!"a p'aftf$" ,m b'kmf!a $"aft%ff +f '(fk$tfvkak rk&krft'"rk a" $"aft"tk prk)kmt"rk" 'r#"mf)"fkf* " rksp'ms"(faft%fa'r +f "!t'rft%ff bks$rfkrk" kakkmtka'r sfstk!a!f $"aft%ff +f s"! fmbf$"rk" pr'$kb!rfa'r

sfstk!a!f $"aft%ff sk$f!mk $! bk&fmfff 8tkrfm'a'#fk4 #6fb "a "m!"a!a!f $"aft%ff "mk;" $'mfmmb b"tk bk rk&krfm%

Gc#flfinrf!k1 nitun!f0rf!k Gnmun!u!ufIn!ftff rk0u!tntk "m ur$n rk%f0ff!cr .krfc#fik9 n.rc,ntk #*klu! ic$.nrtf$kmtu!uf in!ftntk *f9 "m lfmn!9 #k icm#uikrkn lfr$kf1 cr(nmf0nfkf9 %cr lf "micr.crntk"m in#ru! $c#flfirf!cr stn,f!ftk iu cin0fn rk%f0fkf nmun!k n $nmun!u!uf in!ftff+

PZCIKB[ZFAK ZK2KZFRCNZK ANYFYRKG[A BK GNMNHKGKMR NA INAFRFF

Ytnmbnrbua FYC 2992? icmfmk rkhakgkmtrf prfvfmb kanjcrnrkn.nmunauauf Inaftff

Nbgfmfstrnrkn .nmunauauf Inaftff sk rknafzknz bk itrkicgpnrtfgkmtua inaftntk, prfm rkvfzff pkrfcbfik f nmunak

P"CI#/!"N@ rkprkzfmt gcbnaftntkn spkiflfi bk bkslurnrk n umkfnitfvftf snu n umuf prciks

%fpurf bkprcikbu

rf

Prcikburfcpkrnfcmnak

Prcikburf bkfmspkifk;mikrirf

Prcikburfaksfstkguauf

inaftff

Prcikburfak bkauiru

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10/33


Ytnm#nr#u! FYC 7==


11/33


PZCIKB[Z PZCIKB[ZFF

PZCIKB[ZFHKMKZNAK

PH-sf('a

=>


12/33

GNMNHKGKMR[A INAFRNRFF-Y[PCZR BK I[ZY8+ #fn(rn$k l!u@94+ tn,k!k96+ ic$,fmnfk n nikstcrn+

Mf%k!u! #k #ktn!fup'"tk v"rf" ,m &!m$tfk bk5

>7 $'pak;ft"tk" "$tfvft"tff*:7 kt'bkak !tfaf)"tk*97 mfvka!a bk fmstr!frk sf $"p"$ft"tk" bk ,mtkak#krk

" pkrs'm"a!a!f* $"rk v" k;k$!t" "$tfvft"tk"rkspk$tfv"7

[r$ntcnrk!k ns.kitkv'r &f a!"tk ,m $'msfbkr"rk5 bk&fmfrk" mkv'fa'r 'r#"mf)"fkf* $afkmfa'r +f &!rmf)'rfa'r "$kstkf"@ bks$rfkrk" pr'$ks!a!f ,m tk;t sfs"! bf"#r"k &a!;@ st"(fafrk" " $k trk(!fk &"$!t* bk $%trk $fmk s"! bk $%trk $"rk &!m$fk bfm 'r#"mf)"fk* bk $k* $mb* !mb

+f $!@ bks$rfkrk" pr'$ks!a!f bk $'mtr'a +f $'mtr'a!a "$tfvft%fa'r fbkmtf&f$"tk@

bk&fmfrk" mk$ks"r!a!f bk rks!rsk pkmtr! ,mbkpafmfrk" "$tfvft%fa'r 8rks!rsk bk pkrs'm"a* bk fmstr!frk*k$6fp"kmtk* "tkrf"ak4@

bk&fmfrk" b'$!kmt"fkf $kakf "f p'trfvftk pkmtr! "$tfvft"tk" $kr!t%@ bk&fmfrk" fmtr%rfa'r +f fk+frfa'r pr'$ks!a!f bk&fmfrk" %s!r%rfa'r $k trk(!fk &"$!tkYk ,mt'$ks$ '(af#"t'rf! 3 .rcik#urf*$"pft'ak "ak st"mb"rb!a!f YZ KM FYC 7==< &8===& icmtrc!#ciu$kmtk!cr9 icmtrc!u! "mrk(fstrrf!cr9 nu#ftu! fmtkrm9icmtrc!u! .rc#usu!uf mkicmlcr$9nifuicrkitf%k9 nifumf .rk%kmtf%k3m $"br!a !mkf 'r#"mf)"ff $"rk sk "afmf")% a" 'bka!a YZ KM FYC ?11>5:111* sk p't ka"('r"pr'$kb!rf pkmtr! &fk$"rk $"pft'a +f s!($"pft'a bfm st"mb"rb

2IBCI[GKMRK YPKIF2FIK ACI[A[F BK G[MI

FMYRZ[IF[MF9 2CZG[ANZK

Fmstruifumf #k !uiru

Fmstr!$f!mfak bk a!$r! "r trk(!f ka"('r"tk pkmtr! bks$rfkrk" rk"af)%rff "$ka'r "$tfvft%f* $"rk "r "&k$t"tk bk afps" !m'r "st&ka bk fmstr!$f!mf7

Bkt"affak* $"rk m! $'mb!$ a" !m $'mtr'a sp'rft "a "$tfvft%ff* trk(!fk kvft"tk7 Fmstr!frk" p'"tk rkb!$mkv'f" bk fmstr!$f!mf bkt"af"tk* s!( rk)krv" $% pkrs'm"a!a "&k$t"t bkfmk fm&'r"ffak mk$ks"rk pkmt"-+f k;k$!t" $'rk$t s"r$fmfak7

Icm fmutua rcikburffvn bksirfk nitfvft fakB

Fmstruifumfak bk auiru sk rklkr an nitfvftntkn rkstrms, afgftnt umkcrf anum sfmhur pcst bk auiru; utfanK ktiB Nikstkn prkzfmt gcbua iug sk

rknafzknz iu icmskivkm nitfvftf f prcikskB

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13/33


Fmbf&krkmt bk &'r"t s"! $'(fm"f" "ak"s%* fmstr!$f!mk" bk a!$r! trk(!fk s% &fk ,m 'rbfmk"'pkr"ffa'r* trk(!fk s% rk&ak$tk $krfmkak +f "$tfvft%fak rkakv"mtk7

2cr$u!nr

'r!a"rkak trk(!fk s% $'mfm% 5


14/33


s.kiflfinffJ

fmstruifumf #k !uiru *f1 snu #k tkstnrkJ

#ciu$kmtk icmfmm# ic$umfirf fmtkrmkJ

.rc(rn$k #k .rc#uifkJ

!fstn lurmf0crf!cr n.rc,nfJ

.!nmurf #k tkstnrk *f fms.kifkJ

.!nmurf n!k in!ftff+

2IYFYRKGK BK GNMNHKGKMR NAK INAFRFF

2nitcrff ikfk *f .rfmif.ff!k Yfstk$k!cr #k Gnmn(k$kmt n!k in!ftff sumt&

Crfkmt"rk" $%trk $afkmt Ak"bkrs6fp7P'aftf$" +f '(fk$tfvkak ,m b'kmf!a $"aft%ff Fpaf$"rk" pkrs'm"a!a!f7 G'tfvk* fmstr!frk +f $'m+tfkmtf)"rk

N('rb"rk" (")"t% pk pr'$ks7Fbkmtf&f$%rf +f fmtkr"$f!mf N('rb"rk" "m"#kkmt!a!f $" sfstk 3(!m%t%frk" $'mtfm!%7Crfkmt"rk" sprk rk)!at"t N('rb"rk" pk (")k bk &"ptk ,m a!"rk" bk$f)ffa'r

YFY%#. /# .N(N#.#(% N$ IN$F%&FF 5 sfstkg bk gnmnhkgkmtprfm inrk sk crfkmtknz f sk icmtrcaknz c crhnmfznfk m ikkn ikprfvktk inaftntkn

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15/33

GNMNHKGKMR[A INAFRNRFF-Y[PCZR BK I[ZY Zka"ff rk$fpr'$ "v"mt"2'"sk $! &!rmf)'r!a

:kmklfiff!k fmtrc#uikrff sfstk$k!cr #k $nmn(k$kmt n!k in!ftff sumt

I'm+tfkmtf)"rk" $"aft%ff ,(!m%t%ftk Ia"rft"tk" rksp'ms"(faft%fa'r bfm &fr% Fpaf$"rk" $rks$!t% " "m#"2"tfa'r K&f$fkm% fmtkrm% 3(!m%t%frk" f"#fmff Ntr"#krk" bk m'f $afkmf I"aft"tk" "$f!mfa'r $'rk$tfvk [mf&'rft"tk" ,m ,mbkpafmfrk" s"r$fmfa'r

2R ?


20/33

GNMNHKGKMR[A INAFRNRFF-Y[PCZR BK I[ZYN[BFR[A INAFRFF PZCIKY[A[F

N!/F%!$ IN$F%&FFP"CI#Y#$C"

#4ngfmnrk#4ngfmnrk

/ciugkmtk bk rklkrfm

#i-fpngkmtk

#i-fpngkmtk bk fmspkifk

.ntkrff prfgk, gntkrfnak

Prcbusk; icgpcmkmtk

#anjcrnrk#anjcrnrk /ntk rklkrftcnrk an inaftntk

$fstk bk vkrflfinrk

"npcrt bk k4ngfmnrk

"npcrt bk nubft

Nmnafzk

Ytnjfafrk gsurficrkitfvk pkmtruH

Ytnjfafrk gsurf

icrkitfvk pkmtruH/kzvcatnrkn prcbusuauf

Nprcvfzfcmnrk

#i-fpngkmtk

Panmflfinrkn lnjrfinfkf

/kslurnrkn prciksuauf

Yuprnvkh-krkYuprnvkh-krk.surf icrkitfvk

:1


21/33


N[BFR[A YFYRKGKACZ INAFRFF

Nubfturfak sfstkgkacr inaftff sk klkituknzn pkmtruH bktkrgfmnrkn icmlcrgftff kakgkmtkacr sfstkguauf inaftff iu

ikrfmkak spkiflfintk m bciugkmtkak bk rklkrfm bktkrgfmnrkn klfiniftff sfstkguauf inaftff prfvfmb rknafznrkn

cjfkitfvkacr stnjfaftk m bcgkmfua inaftff gjumtfrkn sfstkguauf inaftff lfrgkf nubfntk

sntfslnikrkn umcr ikrfmk rkhakgkmtnrk

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2IFMYRZ[GKMRKAK INAFRFF - Bfn(rn$n Pnrktc

/fm intkhcrfn fmstrugkmtkacr inaftff lni pnrtkH bfnhrngn Pnrktc, bfnhrngninuzn@ klkit 8Fs-fDnn6, -fstchrngn bklkitkacr, lfn bk fmspkifk

/fnhrngn Pnrktcpkrgftk kvfbkmfkrkn ikacr gnf fgpcrtnmtk kakgkmtk nakumkf prcjakgk, nsuprn ircrn trkjufk nifcmnt iu prfcrftntk.

/fnhrngn Pnrktc sk utfafzknz m nmnafzn inmtftntfv n bklkitkacrB

N!/F%!$ YFY%#.#$C"IN$F%&FF

/kianmnrknnubftuauf/kianmnrknnubftuauf

Cjfkitua nubftuauf

0rkivkmn nubftuauf

#4ngfmnrknprkafgfmnr

Prkhtfrknnubftuauf

Prkhtfrknnubftuauf Panmua bk nubft

Crhnmfznrkn ki-fpkfbk nubft

Ytnjfafrkn

bciugkmtkacr bkauiru

#lkitunrknnubftuauf

#lkitunrknnubftuauf

"kumfumkn bkbksi-fbkrk

#4ngfmnrknsfstkguauf inaftff

"kumfumkn bkmi-fbkrk

Iuakhkrknbcvkzfacr

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::


23/33


Pkmtru icmstrufrkn #fn(rn$kf Pnrktcsk p"r$!r# !r%t'"rkak kt"pk5

Ykak$t"rk" kakkmtka'r $"rk v'r &f "m"af)"tk 8bk k;kpa!* tfp!rf bk bk&k$tk4

Yt"(fafrk" 'b"aft%ff bk k;prf"rk " kakkmtka'r 8,m v"a'rf "(s'a!tk s"! rka"tfvk4

Yt"(fafrk" pkrf'"bkf pkmtr! $!ak#krk" b"tka'r

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Icmstrufrkn umkf #fn(rn$k utf!f0m# um (rnlfi "m ic!cnmk"st&ka5

sk bkafftk")% pk "(s$fs% !m m!"r bk fmtkrv"ak k#"a $! $ka "akakkmtka'r "m"af)"tk

sk tr"sk")% b'!" 'rb'm"tk5 pk 'rb'm"t" bfm stm#" sk rkprk)fmt%!mft"tk" bk %s!r" st"(faft% f"r $k" bfm brk"pt" skrvk+tk pkmtr!rkprk)kmt"rk" pr'$kmt!"a%

pkmtr! &fk$"rk kakkmt sk $'mstr!fks$ pk "(s$fs% $'a'"mk $! a!m#fk$'rksp!m)"t'"rk v"a'rff kakkmtka'r

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C,skr%nfk

2I

FMYRZ[GKMRKAK INAFRFF - Bfn(rn$n FsfDnn

/fnhrngn inuzn @ klkit 8Fs-fDnn6 pkrgftk kvfbkmfkrkn f fkrnrn9fznrkninuzkacr 2rknak f pctkmtfnak; nak umuf bklkit bnt

/fnhrngn inuzn @ klkit 8Fs-fDnn6 sk gnf utfafzknz pkmtru fmvkstfhnrknrkzuatntkacr ntkptntk nak umkf nifumf, kvfbkmfkrkn rkanffacr bfmtrk bflkrftkak

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/fm intkhcrfn fmstrugkmtkacr inaftff lni pnrtkH bfnhrngn Pnrktc,bfnhrngn inuzn@ klkit 8Fs-fDnn6, -fstchrngn bklkitkacr, lfn bk fmspkifk

Prfm icgpnrnrkn bfnhrngkacr rknafzntk mnfmtk f bup aunrkn umcrgsurf icrkitfvk snu bk gjumtfrk, sk pcntk kvfbkmfn prchrksua

mrkhfstrnt m rkvcavnrkn prcjakgkacr

:9


24/33


Pkmtru icmstrufrkn #fn(rn$kf FsfDnnsk p"r$!r# !r%t'"rkak kt"pk5

bk&fmfrk" pr'(akkf - n!k irkf inu0k %cr lf nmn!f0ntkJ kstk .rklkrn,f! in nikstkn s sk lnin "m(ru.

bk&fmfrk" $"tk#'rffa'r prfm$fp"ak bk $"!)k p'sf(fak -"m #c$kmfu! .rc#uifkf sumt9 #k rk(u!9#k!f$ftntk ur$tcnrk!k intk(crff #k inu0k ?' ik!k G)5&

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icmstrufrkn #fn(rn$kf sk rk"af)k")% prfm kmf'm"rk" k&k$t!a!f ,m $"s!" bfm brk"pt" +f st"(fafrk"p')ffkf $"tk#'rffa'r prfm$fp"ak bk $"!)k

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2I

FMYRZ[GKMRKAK INAFRFF - Ofstc(rn$n #klkitk!cr

Bfm intk(crfn fmstru$kmtk!cr in!ftff lni .nrtk& #fn(rn$n Pnrktc9 #fn(rn$ninu0n- klkit ?FsfDnn59 fstc(rn$n #klkitk!cr9 lf*n #k fms.kifk

Ofstc(rn$k!k s!mt !tfaf)"tk pkmtr! rkprk)kmt"rk" #r"&f$" " bfstrf(!fkf !m!f"ms"(a! bk b"tk7/m nmn!f0n in!ftff9 fstc(rn$k!k&"$faftk")% kvfbkmfkrk" p!m$tka'r $rftf$k"s!pr" $%r'r" trk(!fk $'m$kmtr"tk k&'rt!rfak bk ,(!m%t%frk7

:.


25/33


Yk !tfaf)k")% b'!" tfp!rf bk 6fst'#r"k5 6fst'#r"" bk &rk$vkm" 6fst'#r"" $!!a"t%

Pkmtru icmstrufrkn umkf fstc(rn$k sk .nriur( ur$tcnrk!k ktn.k&

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st"(fafrk" afftka'r &fk$%r!f fmtkrv"a

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28/33

GNMNHKGKMR[A INAFRNRFF-Y[PCZR BK I[ZYKakv!a trk(!fk s% ,mvkk s% "$f'mk)k b!p% $k " #mbft ,m prk"a"(fa +f s% "2!m#% a" $'m$a!)f" $" "$tfvft"tk pr'fk$t"t% sk bks&%+'"r% "f r"pfb* f"r #rk+kafak p't &f kvft"tk ,m "f "rk %s!r% bk ,m$kp!t* b"$% k&'rt!a prk"a"(fa bk #mbfrk " &'st "f "rk +f "f ,mbka!m#"t7

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Prcfkitu! nrk um rc! k@trk$ #k $nrk "m #k0%c!tnrkn fmtk!kitun!9 fnr k!k%ff trk,ufk s lfk fmstrufs !uirk0k $nf $u!t "m ln0n .rcfkitf% ?.rk(tfrkn nitf%ftf!cr59 #kit "m ln0n nifcmn!+

Fm pkb"#'#f" pr'fk$tfv% 'bkrm%* pr'fk$t!a kstk ,mkaks $" ' tk% bk $kr$kt"rk 'rfkmt"t% sprk "tfm#kr!m!f s$'p (fmk prk$f)"t $k !rk")% " &f rk"af)"t* pk $t p'sf(fa* prfm ,(fm"rk" $!m'+tfmka'r tk'rktf$k $nitfvftntkn prnitfi7

Pkmtr! "$k"st"* kakvff ,+f "ak# s"! prfks$ ' tk% rka"tfv $!prfm)%t'"rk* pk $"rk ' rk"af)k")% ,m &'rv"rf"tk bk st!bf!* bk fmvkstf#"fk +f bk "$tfvft"tk pr"$tf$%* &fk fmbfvfb!"a* &fk prfm k&'rt $'ak$tfv* k$6fp%7

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29/33


+f "atk kakkmtk spk$f&f$k b'kmf!a!f ,m $"rk sk pr'fk$tk")%7

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Gc#krmf0nrkn .rciksu!uf #k "m%$mt icmsf#kr nitf%ftf!k .rcfkitf%k in $ktc#k #k fmstrufr

in $f>!cnik mkiksnrk .kmtru ntfm(krkn nmu$ftcr sic.urf k#uintf%k *f .kmtru n lf utf!f0ntk "nmu$ftk sftunff icrk!ntk iu icmfmuturf!k "m%rff *f iu %rstn k!k%f!cr+

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/m%nrkn ,n0nt .k .rcfkitk .rksu.umk sk!kitnrkn #k fmlcr$nff9 .rk!uirnrkn *f sfmtktf0nrknikstcrn9 lcr$u!nrkn #k "mtrk,rf inrk s i!u0knsi fm%kstf(nfn9 fmtkrnifumf "m in#r(ru.u!uf9 ic$umfinrkn rk0u!tntk!cr9 icrk!nrkn !cr9 rkn!f0nrkn umuf .rc#us lfmn!+

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30/33

GNMNHKGKMR[A INAFRNRFF-Y[PCZR BK I[ZY9. anmf!finrkn nitfvftfacr

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91


31/33


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