Sustainable Water Management & the Sustainable Water Management & the

Implementation of Water Framework Implementation of Water Framework

Directive (WFD) 2000/60/ EC Directive (WFD) 2000/60/ EC

Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift

YesterdayYesterday•• Water Economics > Water ConservationWater Economics > Water Conservation

TodayToday•• Water Conservation > Water EconomicsWater Conservation > Water Economics

Definition: SustainabilityDefinition: Sustainability

“ Meeting the needs of the present without “ Meeting the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations compromising the ability of future generations

to meet their own needs”to meet their own needs”Hanover Principles Hanover Principles ––Expo 2000Expo 2000

World Commission on EnvironmentWorld Commission on Environment

A challenging statement…A challenging statement…

“Under an average economic growth and an “Under an average economic growth and an

actual efficiency improvement of 1% a year, actual efficiency improvement of 1% a year,

the world wide water the world wide water demand and supply gap demand and supply gap

will be approximately will be approximately 40% 40% by 2030”by 2030”

Charting Our Water Future (2009)Charting Our Water Future (2009)

The 2030 Water Resource GroupThe 2030 Water Resource Group

Worldwide 90 % of human excrements and Worldwide 90 % of human excrements and

urine go to rivers, lakes, to the sea and the urine go to rivers, lakes, to the sea and the

ground water ground water -- instead of being used for instead of being used for

improving soil fertility !improving soil fertility !

90 %90 %

TreatmentTreatment

onlyonly 10 %10 %

Shortcomings Shortcomings

of of

conventional conventional

water water

systemssystems

AdvantagesAdvantages

of of

sustainablesustainable

water water

managementmanagement

The aims of sustainableThe aims of sustainable

water managementwater managementReducing water pollution and sewageReducing water pollution and sewage

Saving of scarce and expensive drinking Saving of scarce and expensive drinking

waterwater

Using greyUsing grey-- and rainwaterand rainwater

Cleaning wastewater by natural processes Cleaning wastewater by natural processes

Recycling nutrients to agriculture for soil Recycling nutrients to agriculture for soil

fertilityfertility

Biomass energy productionBiomass energy production

1st step:Reduce sewage streams by saving water ! !

2nd step:Separate sewage streams !

3rd step:Close the nutrient cycle

with Black water !

4th step:Clean and recycle

grey water locally !

The first step:The first step:

REDUCE SEWAGE REDUCE SEWAGE

STREAMS BY STREAMS BY

SAVING WATER !SAVING WATER !

The second step:The second step:

SEPARATE SEWAGE SEPARATE SEWAGE

STREAMS !STREAMS !

Sewage separationSewage separation

Separate sewage water flows: Separate sewage water flows:

Black water / grey waterBlack water / grey water

CHP = combined heat and power

The third step:The third step:

CLOSE THE CLOSE THE

NUTRIENT CYCLE NUTRIENT CYCLE

WITH BLACK WATER !WITH BLACK WATER !

The forth step:The forth step:

CLEAN AND RECYCLE CLEAN AND RECYCLE

GREY WATER GREY WATER

LOCALLY !LOCALLY !

Local cleaning of grey waterLocal cleaning of grey water

Re-using grey water:

•irrigation

•inhouse use

•process water

•groundwater recharge

•local discharge

Production of biomassProduction of biomass

Production of biomassProduction of biomass

Biomass = energy source, soil fertility, building material

Alternative waste water treatment plantsAlternative waste water treatment plants

constructed wetlandsconstructed wetlands

Vertical soil filter

inlet/

sedimentation tank

soil filter

outletflow direction

Horizontal soil filter

inlet/sedimentation tank outlet

soil filter

flow direction

DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC OF THE EUROPEAN

PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

of 23 October 2000

The Water Framework Directive (WFD), was adopted

in 2000 .

It lays the foundation for a modern, and long term

sustainable water management in the European Union

Water is not a commercial product like any other but,

rather, a heritage which must be protected, defended

and treated as such.

The Water Framework Directive is the tool to The Water Framework Directive is the tool to enact the the

Management and Protection of Water Resources in Management and Protection of Water Resources in

order to overcome :order to overcome :

the lack of sufficient water suppliesthe lack of sufficient water supplies

the deterioration of the environmentthe deterioration of the environment

A single system of water A single system of water

management: management:

River basin managementRiver basin management Integrated approach to the protection of water Integrated approach to the protection of water

resources resources ::

Definition of Water Directorates Definition of Water Directorates

Unified understanding of all the types of Water BodiesUnified understanding of all the types of Water Bodies

Planning and realization of management plansPlanning and realization of management plans

Decentralization with:Decentralization with:

Decree of Regional Management OfficesDecree of Regional Management Offices

Assurance and reinforcement of public participation at Assurance and reinforcement of public participation at

decision makingdecision making

What is the Water Framework Directive?

• European Directive 2000/60/EC• An ecology based directive designed to protect all waters:

– Rivers,

– Lakes,

– Coastal waters, and

– Groundwaters.

WFD will achieve this protect via:

– A set of environmental objectives

– Introducing the concept of river basin planning and River Basin Management Plans

– Controlling pollution from all sources (industry, agriculture, urban areas, etc)

– Active participation of all stakeholders (regulators, water companies, NGOs, and local communities).

Aims of WFD• Prevent deterioration, enhance status of aquatic ecosystems and associated wetlands (ecological and chemical status - quality and quantity)

• Promote sustainable water use.

• Reduce pollution from priority substances.

• Prevent deterioration / reduce pollution ofgroundwater.

• Contribute to mitigating the effects of floods and droughts.

Recommendations of the Water Framework Directive

The Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC of 23 October 2000) combines

protection of ecological status with long-term water use and sustainable

development.

Demand management and reduced water consumption, through the use of

water charging and other economic incentives as well as the use of less

water consuming technology, re-use of waste waters, changes in crop

choices and development of efficient irrigation systems must be explored.

The Water Framework Directive should be seen as an incentive for finding

solutions, which build on a genuinely better balanced between exploitation

of available resources and protection and improvement of the natural

resources and natural ecology.

Under the new Water Framework Directive, water cannot be abstracted,

transferred or diverted in large quantities without a throughout

examination of the possible environmental impacts.

This is likely to reduce transfer of water and give incentives towards a mix

of other instruments, including demand management, charging, recycling

and re-use of water, development of less water consuming technologies

and agricultural practices, land use policies, etc.

Recommendations of the Water Framework Directive

HIGHIG

HH

GOOGOO

DD

MODERATMODERAT

EE

POOPOO

RR

BABA

DD

ECOLOGICALECOLOGICALSTATUSSTATUS

No orvery

minor

{

Slight{

Moderate{

Major {

Severe{

+QualityStandards

Physico-chemical

Degree of modification

WFD TimetableWFD TimetableYear River Basin Planning Requirements

2004 Characterisation and risk assessment

2006 Monitoring programmes

2009 Finalise & publish first RBMPs

Measures fully operational

2013 Reviews

2014 Publish 2nd

draft RBMPs

2015 Achieve environmental objectives in 1st RBMP

Finalise and publish second River Basin Management Plans2015

Water quantity and quality: A problem with European dimension

Water level

Water Flow

Water temperature

Water pH

Water Dissolved oxygen

Water conductivity

Turbidity

The most appropriate tool for monitoring is Telemetry

What can be measured by automatic stations

With minimum calibration frequency (less than 2 months)

Water Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and TSS

Total organic carbon (TOC), Nitrates, Nitrites

Data transfer and control based on modern methods

based on the internet

How the system Works

A number of automatic stations, send

data to a gateway, via GPRS or via

UHF, every 15 minutesThe gateway sends the data to one or

more central computer, via local

network, or via internet

On the computer suitable software

process the data, and forward the

results

The responsible persons estimate the

dangerous and can issue more

accurate instructions and take

decisions

The software provides web interface

for direct access to the data for

authorized user (like government

authorities, universities, etc)

internet

The data easily can forwarded to the

internet

Authorized users can have access to

the data via internet

Optional a SMS server can be installed

in order to send the alarm msg via

SMS to the citizens, local authorities

etc

Optional

large

displays can

be installed

in specific

places

Basic characteristics

Can be installed anywhere, no special infrastructures needed

Whole the communication based on LAN or internet

Incorporated web server

Multi user access via internet

Each user has unique ID and password and writes according the administrator

schedule

The users do not need special software just a web browser

Expandable up to 1000 stations

POSSIBLE EXPANSIONS

MORE

HYDROLOGICAL

PARAMETERS

METEOROLOGICAL

PARAMETERS

AIR QUALITY

PARAMETERS

Thank you

for your attention!

FONDUL SOCIAL EUROPEAN Programul Operaţional Sectorial Dezvoltarea Resurselor Umane 2007-2013 Axa prioritară nr. 3 „Creşterea adaptabilităţii lucrătorilor şi a întreprinderilor” Domeniul major de intervenţie 3.2. „Formare şi sprijin pentru întreprinderi şi angajaţi pentru promovarea adaptabilităţii” Titlul proiectului: : „COPMED – COMPETENTE PENTRU PROTECTIA MEDIULUI” Contract nr. POSDRU/81/3.2./S/52242 Proiect cofinanţat din Fondul Social European prin Programul Operaţional Sectorial Dezvoltarea Resurselor Umane 2007-2013 –„Investeşte în oameni!