Managing the Mobile Bandwidth Explosion

8/7/2019 Managing the Mobile Bandwidth Explosion

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WhitePaper:ManagingtheMobileBandwidthExplosion

1|P a g e G o S N e t w o r k s L t d 2 0 1 1

ManagingtheMobileBandwidth

Explosion:ASolutionforthe

ClientEdge

AWhitePaperfromGoS

Networks


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ContentsExecutiveSummary...................................................................................................................3Introduction..............................................................................................................................5BandwidthConsumption:AMulti-SidedProblem....................................................................6

Figure1:ApplicationVisibility...........................................................................................8SolvingCongestionProblems....................................................................................................8

CapexDefermentEstimates..................................................................................................9ActiveBandwidthSaving.......................................................................................................9

BandwidthVisibilityattheNetworkEdge..............................................................................10 Figure2:ApplicationVisibilitywiththeDeploymentofGoS..........................................11

Conclusion...............................................................................................................................12References..............................................................................................................................12Abbreviations..........................................................................................................................12Appendix1..............................................................................................................................14


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ExecutiveSummary

Therelentlessgrowthofnetworkbandwidth,andthe

associatedincreaseintrafficvolume,providesanon-goingchallengeforMobileNetworkOperatorseverywhere

particularlywhenitcomestothemanagementandcontrolof

CAPEXandOPEX.SignificantproportionsofMNOCAPEXand

OPEXareconsumedbygrowingandmanagingnetwork

infrastructure,andtheproblemisgrowingwithtraffic

volumes.

Despitecontinuedheavyinvestment,theyarestillfailingto

meetcapacitydemanddatafromCiscosuggestsaCAGRof

108%formobiledatatrafficbetween2009and2014(Cisco,2010).WiththisgrowthrateMNOssimplycannotupgrade

capacityfastenough.

Insufficientbandwidthprovisionleadstopoornetwork

performance.Thishasanegativeeffectonsubscriber

experience,leadingtodissatisfactionwiththenetwork

provider.ThechallengeforMNOsistomanageCAPEXand

OPEXinvestmentstoensurereturnoninvestmentis

maximised,andtodeliverthelevelsofenhancedperformance

thatarenowbeingdemandedbyusers.

Inaddition,MNOsneedtounderstandthenatureofthe

trafficsenttoandfromsubscribersinordertoprovision

existingnetworkresourceseffectivelyandappropriately,and

tocapturedataonsubscriberbehaviour.

Unfortunately,therearenumerousproblemsthatcurrently

reducetheefficientallocationofexistingbandwidthresources,

thebenefitsoffutureinvestments,andtheabilityofMNOsto

fullyunderstanduserapplicationdemands.

CurrentsolutionsleverageDeepPacketInspection(DPI)a

technologythatallowsInternetProtocol(IP)packetstobe

inspectedastheytraversepathsbetweenendpoints.

However,DPI-basedsolutionsarelimitedastheydonot

providefullvisibilityofalltrafficfromtheendpointsoruser

devices.

MNOsneedtosolvethecongestionproblemandsecure

greatervisibilityofapplicationperformance,usageand

demandacrosstheirnetworks.Anewsolutionpromisesto

addresstheseissues:namely,GuaranteeofService(orGoS)fromGoSNetworks.

KeyPoints

1. WithGoS,MobileNetworkOperatorscandeferCAPEX

investmentinbandwidthand

capacitybyupto9months

2. GoSenablesMobileNetworkOperatorstoimprovevideo

downloadefficiencybyupto

10x.

3. GoShelpsMobileNetworkOperatorssave20%ofoverall

bandwidthrequirements

4. GoScanbedeployedinmobiledevices,donglesand

internetkeystoprioritiseand

managebandwidth

requirementsforboth

downstreamandupstream

traffic,helpingreducethe

totalnetworkload.

5. GoScanrestrictbandwidthconsumptiontowhatisreally

necessary,helpingpromote

fairusagebetweenusersin

anygivencell.

6. GoSenablesbandwidthtobeusedmoreefficiently,

allowingMNOstodefer

investmentincapacity

upgrades,helpmeetfinancial

targetsandmanageCAPEX

andOPEXmoreeffectively.

7. GoSallowsanMNOtorapidlydeployandguarantee

revenue-generatingdata

servicesonanexistingdata

connection,reducingOPEX

consumption


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GuaranteeofService,orGoS,isauniquesolutionfromGoSNetworksthatcanbe

embeddedasasoftwareclientwithinmobiledevicesanddongles.GoSdeliversmultiple

real-timeclassesofservice,enablingmultiple,parallelreal-time(andnearreal-time)

applicationsbyprovidingindependentcontroloftraffic.

GoSprovidesthemeanstomanagebandwidthdemandsmoreefficientlybymaintaining

trafficcharacteristicsevenwhenthebandwidthisfullyutilisedandbyallowingupto90%of

thebandwidthtobeusedforreal-timeandcriticalapplications.Thiscanleadtoasignificant

reductioninnetworkcongestion.Ifcongestioncanberelievedsothatavailablebandwidthis

usedmoreefficiently,theninvestmentsincapacityincreasescanbedeferred.

Streamingvideoisanapplicationthatisexperiencingstronggrowthfrommobileusers,but

itcancausesignificantdownstreamcongestionwhendownloadingtakesplaceatthe

maximumpossiblebandwidth.EstimatesbyCiscoandotherssuggestthathalfofalltrafficin

mobilenetworksisderivedfromvideodeliveredtomobilebroadbandclients.Calculations

suggestthatapplyingGoStostreamingvideotrafficcouldreducetheoverallpeakloadby

nearly50%,whichisequivalentto9.5monthstrafficgrowthatcurrentrates,estimatedat

108%CAGR.Further,additionalcalculationsbasedonstreamingratesindicatethatuseof

GoScanresultina20%reductionintheamountofvideodataconsumed.

GoScanbedeployedinmobiledevicesanddonglestoprioritiseandmanagebandwidth

requirementsforbothdownstreamandupstreamtraffic,helpingtoreducethetotal

networkload.Byrestrictingbandwidthconsumptiontowhatisreallynecessary,GoS

promotesfairusagebetweenusersinanygivencell.Byusingbandwidthmoreefficiently,

MNOscandeferinvestmentincapacityupgradesinordertomeetfinancialtargetsand

manageCAPEXandOPEXmoreeffectively.


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Introduction

Therelentlessgrowthofnetworkbandwidth,andtheassociatedincreaseintrafficvolume,

providesanon-goingchallengeforMobileNetworkOperatorseverywhereparticularly

whenitcomestothemanagementandcontrolofCAPEXandOPEX.Significantproportions

ofMNOCAPEXandOPEXareconsumedbygrowingandmanagingnetworkinfrastructure,

andtheproblemisgrowingwithtrafficvolumes.Thesechallengesareaptlyillustratedby

thefollowingpassage,whichdescribesTheRedQueensRaceintheclassicbookThrough

theLookingGlassbyLewisCarroll:

"Well,inourcountry,"saidAlice,stillpantingalittle,"you'dgenerallygettosomewhereelse

ifyourunveryfastforalongtime,aswe'vebeendoing."

"Aslowsortofcountry!"saidtheQueen."Now,here,yousee,ittakesalltherunningyoucan

do,tokeepinthesameplace.Ifyouwanttogetsomewhereelse,youmustrunatleasttwice

asfastasthat!"

Whileinvestmentinbandwidthisunavoidable,currentgrowthratesmeanthatMNOsfacea

continuallymovingtarget.Despitecontinuedheavyinvestment,theyarestillfailingtomeet

capacitydemanddatafromCiscosuggestsaCAGRof108%formobiledatatrafficbetween

2009and2014(Cisco,2010).WiththisgrowthrateMNOssimplycannotupgradecapacity

fastenough.LiketheRedQueen,theyarerunningjusttostandstill.

Ofcourse,insufficientbandwidthprovisionleadstopoornetworkperformance.Inturn,thishasanegativeeffectonsubscriberexperience,leadingtodissatisfactionwiththenetwork

provider.ThechallengeforMNOsistomanageCAPEXandOPEXinvestmentstoensure

returnoninvestmentismaximised,andtodeliverthelevelsofenhancedperformancethat

arenowbeingdemandedbyusers.

Inaddition,MNOsneedtounderstandthenatureofthetrafficsenttoandfrom

subscribersinordertoprovisionexistingnetworkresourceseffectivelyandappropriately,

andtocapturedataonsubscriberbehaviour.

Unfortunately,therearenumerousproblemsthatcurrentlyreducetheefficientallocationof

existingbandwidthresources,thebenefitsoffutureinvestments,andtheabilityofMNOsto

fullyunderstanduserapplicationdemands.

Solvingtheseproblemswillensuremoreeffectiveutilisationofbandwidthdeploymentsand

createconditionsforgreaterreturnsonplannednetworkcapacityupgrades.Ifexisting

bandwidthcanbeusedmoreefficiently,investmentscanbedeferred,generatingsignificant

savingsinCAPEXandOPEX(dependingonthemodelusedbytheMNOforbandwidth

deployment:ownedorleasedcapacity).Furthermore,abetterunderstandingofsubscriber

behaviourwillhelpMNOstocreatenewrevenuestreamsthroughmoretargetedoffersand

toenhancecustomersatisfactionwithexistingoffers.


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CurrentsolutionsleverageDeepPacketInspection(DPI)atechnologythatallowsInternet

Protocol(IP)packetstobeinspectedastheytraversepathsbetweenendpoints.However,

DPI-basedsolutionsarelimitedastheydonotprovidefullvisibilityofalltrafficfromtheend

pointsoruserdevices.

ThiswhitepaperwillexploretheproblemsfacedbyMNOsinmeetingbandwidthdemands

andhighlightasolutionthatcomplementstraditionalDPIequipmentandcan:

Helpinvestmentsgofurther,andallowdefermentofcapacityinvestment; Leadtoamoreefficientevolutionofnetworkinfrastructure;and Providegreatervisibilityoftrafficusageformobiledevicesanddongles.

BandwidthConsumption:AMulti-SidedProblem

Currentlimitationswithmobilebroadbandcapacityeffectivelyconstrainapplication

performanceandhence,userexperience.Fromtheuserperspective,therearetwo

aspectsofbandwidthconsumptionthatareimportant:

Upstreamtraffic;thatgeneratedatsubscriberdevices;and Downstreamtraffic;thatdeliveredtoclientdevices.

Quitesimply,consumersexpectbandwidthcapacityfordownstreamtraffictobesufficient

topowertheapplicationstheywantatanappropriateperformancelevel.Traditionally,

MNOshavefocusedonachievingsufficientdownstreamtrafficperformance.However,user-

generatedtrafficcanbeequallyimportantwhenaddressingcapacityconcerns,butitisoften

overlookedbyMNOs.Inatypicalnetwork,greatercapacityisavailableinthedownstream

directionwiththeresultthatupstreambandwidthismoreeasilysaturated.

Increasingly,mobileusersaregeneratinggreatervolumesoftraffic,allofwhichneedstobe

deliveredbythenetwork.Thisisassociatedwith,amongotherthings,theriseofuser-

generatedcontent,increaseduseofVoiceoverIP(VoIP)clientsforcommunication,and

PeertoPeer(P2P)traffic.However,thispresentsanadditionalproblemforMNOs:someof

theseapplicationscreaterevenue,whileotherssimplyburdenthenetwork.Inaddition,the

combinationofdifferenttrafficsourcesmaycauseproblemsforcertainapplications.For

example,heavyP2Ptraffic(whichdoesnotgeneraterevenue)maylimittheeffective

transmissionofrevenue-generatingservices,suchasVoIP,orcausedisruptionstoother

real-timeservices.

Thecontinuedriseindownstreamandupstreamtrafficleadstocongestioninthenetwork

thatinhibitstheperformanceofapplicationsinbothdirections.Currently,thiscanonlybe

effectivelyrelievedbyincreasingnetworkcapacity,whichpacetheRedQueen,isan

ultimatelyunsatisfactoryapproach.


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Anadditionalproblemwithbandwidthconsumptionisrelatedtothevisibilityofthetraffic

consumedbyusers.ForMNOs,itisessentialthattheycanmonitor,inrealtime,thetypesof

applicationsbeingusedbysubscribers,forseveralreasons.First,MNOshavetoensurethat

applicationsperformattheappropriatelevel,sothatuserexperienceismaintained.This

ensuresthattheirbasicserviceofferisofanacceptablestandardandisanimportantaspect

ofthefightagainstsubscriberchurn.

Secondly,MNOsneedtoconstantlymonitortheirnetworktoensurethatitperforms

consistentlyacrossallcellsites.Forexample,someareaswillexperiencemoredemandthan

others,whichtypicallyrelatestofluctuationsinuserdensity,ortospikesindemandcaused

bylocalisedorirregularevents.ItisthereforenotenoughforMNOstobeawareofspecific

applications,theyalsoneedtoconsidertheentirenetworkinfrastructure,thenatureofthe

trafficwithinit,andhowtocopewithexpectedsurgesindemand.

Thirdly,MNOshavehistoricallyfacedcontinueddownwardpricingpressureandnowwishto

addressthisbyofferingdifferentiatedpricingbundlesandservices.Inordertoachievethis

mostefficiently,MNOshavetoincreasetheirknowledgeofsubscriberbehaviourand

applicationdemand.AwarenessofapplicationusageanddemandallowsMNOsto

understandsubscriberbehaviourandcreatemoretargetedoffersbothtoallusersand,

critically,onanindividualuserlevel.SuchknowledgecanenableMNOstooffer

differentiatedchargingplansthatgobeyondallyoucaneatbundles,andtocreatenew

revenueopportunities.

TheseproblemsareillustratedinFigure1,whichhighlightsthelackofvisibilityofapplication

demandandconsumptionattheedgeofthenetwork.


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Figure1:ApplicationVisibility

MNOsneedtosolvethecongestionproblemandsecuregreatervisibilityofapplication

performance,usageanddemandacrosstheirnetworks.Anewsolutionpromisestoaddress

theseissues:namely,GuaranteeofService(orGoS)fromGoSNetworks.

SolvingCongestionProblems

GuaranteeofService,orGoS,isauniquesolutionfromGoSNetworksthatcanbe

embeddedasasoftwareclientwithinmobiledevicesanddongles.GoSdeliversmultiple

real-timeclassesofservice,enablingmultiple,parallelreal-time(andnearreal-time)

applicationsbyprovidingindependentcontroloftraffic.Theseserviceclassesconcern:

Throughput; Loss;and Delay/Jitter.

Inthisway,GoSprovidesfine-grainedprioritisationofdifferenttraffictypes,ensuring

acceptableperformanceforreal-timeapplicationsevenwhentheupstreambandwidthis

saturated.GoSalsoprovidesthemeanstomanagebandwidthdemandsmoreefficientlyby

maintainingtrafficcharacteristicsevenwhenthebandwidthisfullyutilisedandbyallowing

upto90%ofthebandwidthtobeusedforreal-timeandcriticalapplications.Inturn,this

canleadtoasignificantreductioninnetworkcongestion.Ifcongestioncanberelievedso

thatavailablebandwidthisusedmoreefficiently,theninvestmentsincapacityincreasescan

bedeferred.

Withcurrentpublishedgrowthrateestimates,itispossibletocalculatethetimefactorfor

CAPEXdefermentthatagivenreductioninnetworkcongestionwilldeliverforparticularuse


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cases.ItisfurtherpossibletocalculatebandwidthsavingsbasedontheapplicationofGoSto

particularapplications.

CapexDefermentEstimates

Streamingvideoisanapplicationthatisexperiencingstronggrowthfrommobileusers,but

itcancausesignificantdownstreamcongestionwhendownloadingtakesplaceatthe

maximumpossiblebandwidth.Itisoftenassumedthattoachieveappropriatelevelsof

customersatisfactionforstreamingvideoitisessentialtomaintainmaximumdownload

ratesatalltimes.However,independentexperimentsundertakenbyGoSNetworkshave

shownthatcustomerexperienceisactuallyunaffectedifthemaximumdownloadrateis

constrainedtoabout1.25xtherateofconsumption.Sincethemaximumdownloadratecan

beanythingupto161timestheminimumrequired,thisrepresentsasubstantialsaving.A

typicalstreamingrateis440kbps,so660kbpsismorethanadequatetopreventplayout

pauses.RestrictingavideodownloadtothisrateratherthanthefullHSDPArateof

7.2Mbpsreducesthepeakbandwidthconsumedbyvideodownloadsbyafactorofmore

than10.EstimatesbyCiscoandotherssuggestthathalfofalltrafficinmobilenetworksis

derivedfromvideodeliveredtomobilebroadbandclients,soapplyingGoSinthiscasecould

reducetheoverallpeakbynearly50%,whichisequivalentto9.5monthstrafficgrowthat

currentrates,estimatedat108%CAGR(Cisco,2010).

ForMNOsfacedwithpressureonCAPEXbudgets,beingabletogracefullymanagenetwork

enhancementsandplanwithmoregranularitycanbeasignificantbenefit.Thiscanbe

achievedbydeployingGoSinmobiledevicesanddonglestoactivelymanagedownload

servicesbyrestrictingdownloadrateswhileensuringfairaccesstoavailableservicesand

resources.

ActiveBandwidthSaving

Deviceclientsthatstreamvideodownloadcontentdosoatafasterratethanitisplayedout

inordertofillbuffers.Experimentsshowthata25%excessrateissufficienttoavoid

playbackpauses.However,aclientinanHSPA(HighSpeedPacketAccess)cellmayusethe

full3Grate,therebydenyingservicetootherusers.Furthermore,statisticsshowthatusers

typicallyabandonavideoclipbeforereachingtheend,sothecapacityusedtodownload

andbuffertheendoftheclipiswasted.ArecentstudybyVisibleMeasuresexaminedshort-

1ThisfigureisderivedfromindependentcalculationsbyGoSNetworks,thatcomparetheminimum

downloadratewiththetypicalmaximumdownlinkcapacityofHSPA3G.Bmin=440k,Bmax=7.2M,

=>Bmax/Bmin=16.36


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formvideosoflessthan300seconds(5minutes)induration,andmadeanumberofkey

findings(VisibleMeasures,2010).

20%oftheaudiencewillabandonviewingthevideointhefirst10seconds; 33%willclickawaybeforethe30secondmark;and 44%oftheaudiencewillhaveleftby60seconds.

Thisdatacanbeusedtocalculatepotentialbandwidthsavingsthatcanbeachievedby

deployingGoSinmobiledevicesanddongles.CalculationsundertakenbyGoSNetworks

suggesta20%reductionintheamountofvideodataconsumed[seeAppendix1].

Inessence,GoSallowsMNOstoconstrainexcessbandwidththatmightotherwisebe

consumedbytheclientdevices,freeingcapacityforotherusersandapplications.Asusers

tendtoterminatesessionsprematurely,thetotalamountofavailablebandwidthisalso

deployedwithgreaterefficiency.

BandwidthVisibilityattheNetworkEdge

ForMNOstoeffectivelymanagetheirnetworks,itisessentialforthemtobeabletoview

bandwidthdemandandperformanceattheextremeedgeofthenetworkthatis,inthe

devicesthatareactuallyinvolvedinsessions,suchasmobileterminalsanddongles.

However,currentsolutionssuchasDPIequipmentcannotextendbeyondthenetwork

boundary.Consequently,DPIproductsneedtobecomplementedbysoftwarethatcanbe

deployeddirectlyintomobiledevicesanddongles.GoSisauniquesolutionthatcanachieve

this.WithGoS,MNOscanobtainfullvisibilityofthepacketsthatarebeingsentdownstream

todevices,aswellasthepacketsthatarebeingdemandedbyupstreamapplications.Thisis

becauseGoSisresponsibleformanagingcongestiononthelinkatthepointoforiginandso

performsthefunctionofselectivelydiscardingexcesspackets.Inturn,MNOscandetermine

whichapplicationsaresufferingpacketlossdatathatcannotbeobtainedusingDPI

equipment.TheeffectofdeployingGoSisillustratedinFigure2.


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Figure2:ApplicationVisibilitywiththeDeploymentofGoS

Armedwiththisinformation,MNOscandeterminewhichapplicationsarebeingutilisedand

bywhomandtoreviewapplicationperformanceandtooptimisetheirnetworkstoensure

thattherightapplicationsreceivetherightpriority.GoSalsoprovidesinformationaboutthe

real-timelinkratesattheclientside,whichenablescontrolmechanismstobeenforcedat

thepointoftrafficoriginorthesourceofdemand,ratherthandeeperinthenetwork.In

otherwords,MNOscanactbeforetheproblembecomesapparentinthenetworkcore.

Collectingthisinformationhasadditionalbenefits.Forexample,MNOscanbeinstantly

alertedwhenqualityandperformancedropbelowexpectedlevels.Understandingwhy

thingsdonotworkisequallyimportantfordeliveringsuccessfulandprofitableservices.

Althoughmanyservicesdonotattractincrementalrevenue,theycanbekeybenchmarksfor

usersatisfaction.Moreover,therearemanynewservicepossibilitiesthatcangenerate

additionalrevenueandtheirnumbersareexpectedtogrowasMNOsmovefrombasic

servicepackagestomoredifferentiatedoffers.Ifaserviceistocapturerevenue,ithasto

performtothelevelsthatconsumersdemand.

AnotherchallengeforMNOsisthat,asmoredevicesswitchbetween3GPPandnon-3GPP

modesofaccess,suchasWiFi,thereisagreaterriskoflosingvisibilityoftheapplications

thatarebeingconsumedacrossalternativenetworks.Again,GoSprovidesasolution.Since

GoSisembeddedinmobiledevicesanddongles,itisstillabletocapturevaluabledata

regardingsubscriberbehaviour,irrespectiveofwhethertraffictraversestheMNOnetwork

oranalternativeWiFiaccesspoint.Thisdatacanbeusedtoenhanceofferstosubscribers

andalsopromotesnetworkoptimisation.


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Conclusion

Inthefaceofcontinuallysoaringuserdemand,MNOsarefightingalosingbattlethrowing

capacityattheproblemisnotthesolution,asitplacesincreasingstrainonCAPEXandOPEX

budgets.Therefore,MNOsshouldexploresolutionsthathelpdeferCAPEXandOPEX

investmentthroughmoreefficientusageofdeployedcapacity.However,tobeeffective,any

solutionmustactatthenetworkedgethatis,inuserdevices.Currentsolutions,suchas

DPI,aredeployedinthenetworkcoreandcannotprovidevisibilityofuserapplication

demand.AuniquesolutiontothisproblemisofferedbyGoSNetworks.

GoScanbedeployedinmobiledevicesanddonglestoprioritiseandmanagebandwidth

requirementsforbothdownstreamandupstreamtraffic,helpingtoreducethetotal

networkload.Byrestrictingbandwidthconsumptiontowhatisreallynecessary,GoS

promotesfairusagebetweenusersinanygivencell.Byusingbandwidthmoreefficiently,

MNOscandeferinvestmentincapacityupgradesinordertomeetfinancialtargetsand

manageCAPEXandOPEXmoreeffectively.

Inadditiontoefficientbandwidthusage,GoSalsoprovidesvisibilityofapplicationand

subscriberbehaviour,allowingMNOstocreatemoretargetedoffersandachievemore

consistentnetworkperformance.AsMNOsseektomovefrombasic,allyoucaneatdata

plans,suchknowledgecanhelptocreatevaluablenewrevenuestreams.

GoSNetworksworkswithmobilenetworkoperatorstocalculatepotentialCAPEXandOPEX

savingsbasedondeferrednetworkcapacityupgrades.Usingdatathatisspecifictoan

individualnetwork,thebenefitsofdeployingaGoSsolutioninclient-edgedevicescanbe

calculated,andinmanycasesidentifythepotentialforsignificantcostsavings.ContactGoS

NetworksnowtofindouthowmuchGoScansaveyou.

References

Carroll,L.(1871).ThroughtheLookingGlass.

Cisco.(2010).VisualNetworkingIndex.

VisibleMeasures.(2010).UnderstandingViewerAbandonmentTrendsinShort-FormOnline

VideoContent.

Abbreviations

3GPPThirdGenerationPartnershipProject

ANAccessNode


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CAGRCompoundAnnualGrowthRate

DPIDeepPacketInspection

IMSIPMultimediaSubsystem

IPInternetProtocol

MNOMobileNetworkOperator

P2PPeertoPeer

QoEQualityofExperience

QoSQualityofService

TISPANTelecommunicationsandInternetconvergedServicesandProtocolsforAdvanced

Networking

VoIPVoiceoverIP


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Appendix1

Parameter Notation Notes

proportionoftrafficduetomobiledongle

users

!! Ciscoestimatethisat70%by2014

proportionoftrafficduetostreaming

video

!! Ciscoestimatethisat66%by2014

minimumbandwidthconsumedbya

streamingvideoclient

!!"# Typicallyabout440kbps

maximumbandwidthconsumedbya

streamingvideoclient

!!"# Upto7.2MbpsinHSPA

bandwidthconsumedbyastreaming

videoclientwhencontrolledbyGoS

!!"# E.g.660kbpsbps:!!"# > !!"# >

!!"#

averageproportionofavideoclipthatis

actuallywatched

!! Withanaveragecliplengthof150s,

basedonthefiguresfromVisible

Measures,thisis64%

Thenwecancalculate:

Theproportionoftotaltrafficthatisstreamingvideotomobilebroadbandusers:

!!" = !!!!(=about50%basedonCiscoestimates).

WhenweapplyGoStocontrolsuchstreamingvideothistrafficisreducedbyafraction!!"#

!!"#

.

Thusthepeaktrafficloadisreducedto:!!"# = !!"#$#%&' 1 !!"#

!!"#

!!".

Ciscopredictsmobiledatagrowthof108%CAGR:inmathematicaltermsthismeansthat

trafficTisanexponentialfunctionoftime, t:

! = !"!"

Ifwemeasuretinyears,thenCiscospredictionmakes! = ln 2.08 = 0.732.Byreducingtrafficbyafactor!!"

!!"#

!!"#$#%&'= 1 !!" 1

!!"#

!!"#

thenthetimeatwhichthetraffic

reachesaparticularthreshold!!"#

isdelayedfromtimettotimet:


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!!"#

= !!!"= !!"!!

!!! ,fromwhich!! = ! ln(!!") !.Usingthefiguresinthetext

givesadelayof9.5months.

Nowconsidertheamountofdatadownloaded.Thetimetodownloadacompleteclipofsize

SatbandwidthBis!! =!

!;andthemaximumacceptabletimeisthedurationoftheclip,

!! =!

!!"#

.Thetypicaltimeatwhichtheclipisabandonedis !! = !!!!.

If!! !!thenwedownloadthewholeclipbeforeabandoningit,whichwastesdata.If

!! > !!thenwegiveupbeforedownloadingthewholeclip,thussavingsomebandwidthon

average.Thisconditionisequivalentto!!

;inthiscasewesaveaproportion

!!"#

!!"#

!!ofthedatathatwouldotherwisehavebeendownloaded.

Ifweusethefigures: !!"# = 440!"#$, !!"# = 660!"#$,then!!"#

!!

= 1.55 > !!"#sowemeettheconditiontosavedata,andtheproportionsavedis

!!"#

!!"#

!! = 0.8i.e.a20%reductionintheamountof

videodataconsumed.

Documents

Managing the Mobile Bandwidth Explosion