MANILA, PHILIPPINESClimate: Hot and Humid, Tropical

ANNUAL SUMMARY•Average temperature: 25-30ºC

•Average daily hours of sunshine: 6.5

•Average rainfall: 1875 mm

•Prevailing wind direction: E/W

•Average wind speed: 10-35 km/h

•Lat. 14°31’N, Long. 121°00’E

CLIMATE Manila is protected from extreme weather conditions by the hills of the Eastern Cordillera to the east and by the mountains of Bataan Peninsula. The tropical climate is characterized by a wet season that lasts from June to November and by a dry season lasting from December to May. High humidity and thunderstorms are common in July, August, and September, when more rain is received than in other months and wind direction changes from East to West.

Encyclopedia Britannica: Manila Landscape

SUN ANGLES: Manila•Jun. 21 9am: 47º

•Jun. 21 noon: 81º

•Jun. 21 4pm: 33º

•Dec. 21 9am: 33º

•Dec. 21 noon: 52º

•Dec. 21 4pm: 19º

Ecotect: Manila International Airport

Ecotect: Manila International Airport

World Climate: Manila International Airport

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

1

= Manila

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

200 mm (8 in.)

0 mm (0 in.)

300 mm (12 in.)

100 mm (4 in.)

40°C (104°F)

30°C (86°F)

20°C (68°F)

10°C (50°F)

TEMPERATURE

HUMIDITY

PRECIPITATION

400 mm (16 in.)

0%

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

ASHRAE Comfort Zone

3 7 9

113

273

398

341326

120

49

ASHRAE Comfort Zone

Max. Temperature

Average Temperature

Min. Temperature

6

230

SOLAR RADIATIONIn early Spring, Manila has the most sunshine. For most of the year, Manila experiences hazy conditions, causing an increase in humidity throughout the rest of the year.

30 km/h (19 mph)

20 km/h (13 mph)

10 km/h (6mph)

WIND SPEED JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC0 km/h (0mph)

Ecotect: Manila International Airport Data

WIND Largely coming from the East, wind speeds average 10-30 km/hr and average temperature ranges between 25-35 ºC. In the summer and early fall, winds may come from the West with less intensity.

800 W/m2

600 W/m2

400 W/m2

200 W/m2

DIRECT SOLAR

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC0 W/m2

Ecotect: Manila International Airport Data

Spring Summer AutumnWinter

80%

60%

40%

20%

CLOUD COVER

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECEcotect: Manila International Airport Data Ecotect: Manila International Airport Data

WIND FREQUENCY, DIRECTION, + SPEED

0%

N N N N

100%

40 km/h (25 mph)

50 km/h (31 mph)

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

2

SUN ANGLES: MANILA INTL AIRPORT

•Jun. 21 9am: 47º

•Jun. 21 noon: 81º

•Jun. 21 4pm: 32º

•Dec. 21 9am: 33º

•Dec. 21 noon: 52º

•Dec. 21 4pm: 19º

THERMAL COMFORT The Psychrometric chart shows the standard comfort zone in yellow. The cumulative hours at each temperature and humidity are shaded in increasingly darker olive green. Selected strategies extend the comfort zone without mechanical heating or cooling.

Manila experiences large percentages of humidity and high temperatures throughout the year. Implementing natural ventilation, the building will be able to reduce mechanical operations for a significant part of the year.

SUN PATH

SOLSTICE SUNRISE/SUNSETJun. 21: 5.31 AM 6.22 PMDec. 21:6.17 AM 5.26 PM

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

HU

MID

ITY

TEMPERATURE

Plan view of the sun path through the sky showing altitude and azimuth.

SUN PATH DIAGRAM

Ecotect: Manila International Airport DataEcotect: Manila International Airport Data

Strategies:ASHRAE Comfort ZoneNatural VentilationThermal MassPassive Solar HeatingExposed Mass and Night PurgeIndirect Evaporative Cooling

E

N

S

W

30º

60º

120º

150º210º

240º

300º

330º 10º

20º

30º

40º

50º

60º70º

80º

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

3