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byko-visc PremiumRotational Viscometer

Manual

byko-visc PremiumRotational Viscometer Manual

BYK-Gardner GmbHLausitzer Str. 8D-82538 GeretsriedGermanyTel. 0-800-gardner (0-800-4273637) +49-8171-3493-0Fax +49-8171-3493-140

BYK - Gardner USA9104 Guilford RoadColumbia, MD 21046USAPhone 800-343-7721 301-483-6500Fax 800-394-8215 301-483-6555

www.byk.com/instruments

199 024 265 E 1608

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Dear customer,

Thank you for purchasing a BYK-Gardner Product, BYK-Gardner is committed to providing you with quality products and services. We offer complete system solutions to solve your problems in areas of color, appearance and physical properties. As the basis of our worldwide business, we strongly believe in total customer satisfaction. Therefore, in addition to our products, we offer many VALUE-ADDED services:

- Technical Sales Force - Technical & Application Support - Application and Technical Seminars -Repair&CertificationService

BYK-Gardner is part of the Additives and Instrument Division of ALTANA AG, a leading supplier of additives for coatings and plastics. Together, we offer complete anduniquesolutionsforyouourcustomer.Thankyouforyourtrustandconfidence.If there is anything we can do better to serve your needs, do not hesitate to let us know.

Your BYK-Gardner Team

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 72. Safety Instructions ................................................................................................ 73. Symbols used in this manual ................................................................................ 84. Conditions for use ................................................................................................. 85. Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 86. Equipment presentation ....................................................................................... 97. Equipment Description ....................................................................................... 117.1 Equipment set-up ................................................................................................ 127.2 The keyboard and screen .................................................................................... 138. Menu system ........................................................................................................ 158.1 The Main Menu .................................................................................................... 158.2 Instrument Setup menu .................................................................................... 168.2.1 Language (language change submenu) ........................................................... 168.2.2 Units. (Unit change submenu) .......................................................................... 168.2.3 Density. (Default density change submenu) ..................................................... 178.2.4 Calibration (Calibration submenu) .................................................................... 188.2.4.1 Reset ............................................................................................................. 198.2.4.2 Viscosity Calibration ...................................................................................... 198.2.4.3 Temperature calibration ................................................................................. 258.2.5 Time Settings ................................................................................................... 278.3 Measurement Configuration ............................................................................ 288.3.1 Measurement Screen ....................................................................................... 298.4 Test Profile ......................................................................................................... 318.4.1WritingTestsProfile(EditProfile) ...................................................................... 318.4.1.1 Viscometer programming .............................................................................. 318.4.1.1.1 TTT and TTS ............................................................................................... 328.4.1.1.2 Storage ....................................................................................................... 338.4.1.2MeasurementConfigurations ........................................................................ 348.4.2SelectProfiles ................................................................................................... 358.5 Programming ..................................................................................................... 368.5.1 TTT (Time to Torque) and TTS (Time to Stop) .................................................. 378.5.2 Speed settings ................................................................................................. 388.5.3 Multistep ........................................................................................................... 408.5.4 Ramp ................................................................................................................ 448.6 Options ............................................................................................................... 458.6.1 Storage ............................................................................................................. 468.6.2 Communications .............................................................................................. 478.6.3 Information ....................................................................................................... 498.6.4 Graphic Mode ................................................................................................... 50

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Table of Contents

9. Important rheological information ..................................................................... 5210. Accessories ....................................................................................................... 5710.1. Low viscosity adapters (LVA and LVA/B) .......................................................... 5710.1.1 Mounting ........................................................................................................ 5910.1.2 Dismounting and cleaning .............................................................................. 6010.1.3TechnicalspecificationforLVAaccessories ................................................... 6010.2. Small sample adapters SSA and SSA/B .......................................................... 6110.2.2 Dismounting and cleaning .............................................................................. 6310.2.3TechnicalspecificationsofSSAandSSA/B ................................................... 6310.3 HELIO UNIT – Helicoidal Movement Unit .......................................................... 6410.3.1 Helio unit Mounting ........................................................................................ 6511. Model/Spindle correspondence tables ........................................................... 6712. Model/spindle/oil calibration tables ................................................................ 68Table 9. byko-visc Premium L standard spindles selection ................................ 69Table 10. byko-visc Premium L special spindle selection ................................... 70Table 11. LVA Adaptor for byko-visc Premium L .................................................. 71Table 12. byko-visc Premium R standard spindle selection ................................ 72Table 13. byko-visc Premium R Special spindle selection .................................. 73Table 14. LVA Adaptor for byko-visc Premium R .................................................. 74Table 15. byko-visc Premium H Standard spindle selection ............................... 75Table 16. byko-visc Premium H special spindle selection ................................... 76Table 17. HELIO special spindle selection for byko-visc Premium L ................. 77Table 18. HELIO special spindle selection for byko-visc Premium R ................. 78Table 19. HELIO special spindle selection for byko-visc Premium H ................. 79Table 20. VANE special spindle selection for byko-visc Premium L ................... 80Table 21. VANE special spindle selection for byko-visc Premium R .................. 81Table 22. VANE special spindle selection for byko-visc Premium H .................. 82Appendix A: Wireless Datalogger configuration .................................................. 83Appendix B: byko-visc Software ............................................................................ 88

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Introduction / Safety Instructions

1. IntroductionThank you for acquiring the byko-visc Premium rotational viscometer model from BYK-Gardner.The byko-visc Premium is a rotational viscometer, based on the measurement of thetorqueofarotatingspindleinasampleataspecifiedvelocity.Threedifferentmodels, as well as various accessories, allow it to cover a wide range of viscosity measurement.

2. Safety Instructions•Itisnotthepurposeofthismanualtooutlineallofthesafetyinstructions

recommended for the use of the rotational viscometer, its accessories and samples. It is the responsibility of the user to establish health and safety practices and to determine the application’s limits before use.

•BYK-Gardnerguaranteesthesatisfactoryoperationoftheviscometersanditsaccessories only if there have not been any unauthorized adjustments to the mechanical pieces, the electronic components and the software.

•Theoperatorshouldfollowallofthewarningsandinstructionsofthismanualtoensure the safe and proper operation of the equipment.

•Donotusetheequipmentforanyotherpurposethatisnotdescribedinthismanual.

•DonotuseanyaccessorythatisnotsuppliedandapprovedbyBYK-Gardner.•Donotusetheviscometeroritsaccessoriesifthereisanysuspicionof

malfunction. Do not use the equipment in situations or conditions that can cause personal injuries or material damage.

This viscometer is not an explosion-proof instrument and therefore should not be used in areas where there is an explosion risk.

Before using the viscometer, carefully read and observe the following precautions: those who do not follow them may cause serious harm or personal injuries.

To avoid an electric shock:•Neverdefeatthegroundconductororoperatetheequipmentintheabsence

of a suitably installed ground conductor. Contact the appropriate electrical inspection authority or an electrician if you are uncertain that suitable grounding is available.

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Symbols / Conditions / Maintenance

3. Symbols used in this manualThe following symbols are used in this instruction manual:

This symbol warns us of an operational, practical, or similar procedure that, if it is not carried out properly, may damage the equipment.

This arrow indicates additional information that should be used by the user.

This symbol warns us of an operational, practical, or similar procedure that, if it is not carried out correctly, may irreparably damage the equipment. Do not proceed further unless the indicated conditions are fulfilledandhavebeenperfectlyunderstood.

4. Conditions for use- Indoor use- Maximum altitude 2000 m. (6562 ft.)- Surrounding temperature range: from +5 to 40ºC (40 to 104°F)- 80% maximum relative humidity for up to 31ºC (88°F) and going as low as 50%

relative humidity for up to 40ºC (104°F).-Thepowersourcefluctuationsshouldnotsurpass±10%ofthenominalvoltage- Installation category II- Pollution level II

5. Maintenance•Alwayscleanallofthepartsaftereachuse!Cleananddrythespindlesandthe

spindle guard well. Make sure that there is not any sample remaining, especially in the delicate zones like the spindle connector.

•Usedetergentsorsolventstocleanthespindlesandtheprotector:- For cleaning food samples, use lukewarm water and if necessary, use soft household detergents- Other solvents that generally give good results are acetone, gasoline, or

any solvent with a high percentage of alcohol- For the use of any other solvent, make sure that it does not corrode the

spindles or the protector. The spindles are made of AISI 316 stainless steel.

Warning:Handlethevolatileandinflammablesolventswithpropercautions. It is the user’s responsibility to establish safety conditions atwork.

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Equipment Presentation

6. Equipment presentation-Oncetheequipmentpackageisreceived,verifyandconfirmthedelivery note. If any discrepancy or problem is found, immediately notify the supplier.- Check that the viscometer model corresponds to the one that was ordered.- Carefully read the instruction manual.-Allmodifications,eliminations,orlackofmaintenanceofanyofthe machine’s mechanisms, defy directive 89/655/CEE and the manufacturer is not responsible for any damages that may result.In Figure 1 the position of each piece inside the equipment’s carrying case is shown. Please, keep the carrying case in a safe location. If you need to move the equipment or store it for long periods, always use the carrying case by placing each part as shown in the picture. In the case of incorrect packing, the pieces of equipment can suffer some damage; this damage will not be covered by BYK-Gardner’s warranty. BYK-Gardner recommends using the carrying case provided with the equipment for making any kind of shipment.

Parts included with the equipment for standard delivery:

- Viscometer head, with serial number label and a plastic or metal cap protecting the spindle connector

- Foot or base, 3 levelling feet for the base- Nut- Fastening rod- Standard spindles- Spindle guard- Spindle support- USB Cable - Carrying case- CalibrationCertificate- Temperature probe and clip- Power cable

•Regularlycheckthespindle’sthreadandtheviscometershaft.•Duringtheviscometer’slifespan,theequipmentmightrequirecertain check-ups to perform as expected. For this service, please contact the local distributor or BYK-Gardner.•Regularmaintenanceisimportant.Asthemanufacturer,weadvise annual check-ups by our Service Department.•TheviscometerispoweredbyaMEANWELLGS25A12-P6Jexternal power supply. Do not open, expose, modify or touch internal circuitry of the power supply.

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Equipment Presentation

Fig 1. The viscometer in its carrying case

- MEANWELLGS25A12-P6Jpowersupply- USB-MemorycontainingtheUserManual(PDFfile)theWiFi-config

application and the BYK-Gardner byko-visc Software

Standard spindlesModel L: L1, L2, L3, L4Models R and H: R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7

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Equipment Description

Fig. 2 Fron view of the instrument

Fig.3 Rear view of the instrument

1. Nut2. Temperature probe3. Spindle4. Base (viscometer stand)5. Screen6. Keyboard7. Fastening rod8. Spindle guard9. Levelling feet

1. Power switch 2. Power cable slot3. Warning Label4. Serial number label5. USB Connector6. USB Temperature probe connector7. Level

7. Equipment Description

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5

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8

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7

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5

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7.1 Equipment set-up•Removeallofthepartsfromthecarry-case.Notethefigurebelow(fig5).•Correctlyplacethethreelevellingfeet(B)ontheY-shapedbase(A).•Mountthefasteningrod(C)withtheholdingscrew(D)atthebase(A).•Attachthenut(F)tothefasteningrod.Theviscometershouldbeconnectedto

the nut (F) by means of its rod (E).

Note: The following process should be done carefully in order to not harm to the shaft of the viscometer. Immediately remove the shaft’s plastic protector before beginning to use the viscometer.

•Insertthehorizontalrodoftheviscometer(E)intothenut(F).•Theviscometershouldbeplacedonastablesurfacefreeofvibrations(i.e.

caused by other machines or equipment). Do not put the viscometer in direct contactwithsunlightorinthemiddleofanyairflow(thetemperatureofthesamplecanbeeasilyinfluencedbythesurroundingconditions).Theviscometeris designed for indoor use.

•Usetheheightadjustmentknobsuntiltheheightoftheviscometer(locatedinrod E) is correctly adjusted.

•Plugthepowercableintotheconnectorlocatedonthebackoftheequipment(Fig. 3 position 5) and plug it into the power source.

Equipment Description

Fig.4 Equipment identification label

Descriptionoftheequipmentidentificationlabel:

1. Viscometer model2. Viscometer code 3. Electronic equipment (specifiesdonotthrowintrash)4. Serial number of the equipment5. Voltage and power of the equipment

Fig. 5 Set-up for the viscometer base

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WARNING: The socket to which the viscometer will be connected shouldhaveaground.Alwaysuseapowercablewithagroundconnection!Verifythatthevoltageandthefrequencycoincidewiththespecificationsfor the power supply. Before turning on the machine, let it sit for some

time so that it acclimates to the surrounding temperature in order to avoid a short-circuitcausedbycondensation.Thefluctuationsofthepowersourceshouldnotsurpass±10%ofthenominalvoltage.

7.2 The keyboard and screenBefore starting up the machine, it is recommended to become familiar with the viscometer controls seen in the previous section. The instrument has a 12 key keyboard (number 2 Fig. 2) and a color TFT screen (number 1 Fig. 2) on the front to allow the user to interact with the viscometer. The keyboard gives the user the mobility throughout all of the menus and the selection of different options and configurations.Thescreenpresentsinformativemenusinwhichtheuseroperates.These menus are detailed later in this manual. The measurements collected by the instrument will also be explained later on.Thekeyboardhasthefollowingconfiguration:

The twelve keys available have many assigned functions depending on the operations that need to be carried out. Some of these functions or operations can be carried out from any screen. The different numbered keys will always allow you to typeinthepropernumericalvalue(ifamodifiablefieldhasbeenselected).

KEY FUNCTION

Gotothepreviousoption;increaseavaluewhenafieldhasbeenselected. Gotothenextoption;decreaseavaluewhenafieldhasbeenselected. Changetheselectedfieldonsomemenus. Return to the previous screen.

ENTER Acceptanoptionorvalueinafield.Italsoallowseditingtofieldsthatcanbemodified.Accesstospecialfunctions.

MEM/CLEAR

Stop the motor during measurements and returns to the main menu screen. Erasetheinformationpresentinafieldwhenitishighlighted.Shortcuttoatestprofilefromthemainmenuscreen.

0/ON Start the motor and pause it during measurements. It also allows running the measurementfromitsconfigurationscreen.

Keys 1M1 to 9M9 are used for recordings and their functions are detailed in section 8.4 of this manual. In the following sections, the function of each key in the corresponding menus will be explained in full detail, including the exceptions to the general operation.

Equipment Description

Fig. 6 The keyboard for the byko-visc Premium viscometer

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Equipment Description

7.3 Start-upTurn on the switch on the back of the machine (number 4, Fig. 3). If after doing this, the machine does not turn on: • VerifythatthepowercableisconnectedtoboththepowerandthePower Supply and that the Power Supply is also connected to the equipment (back part, number 2, Fig. 3).The machine will beep, indicating that it has started and it will show the AUTOTEST screen:Theequipmentinitiallycomesconfiguredwith: - English - Temperature units in Celsius (ºC) - Viscosity units in centipoises (cP).

Ifthesearenotthedesiredbasicconfigurations,theequipmentcanbereconfiguredin the ‘INSTRUMENT SETUP’ (section 8.2). Any changes made to the machine configurationinthepreviousmenuwillremainevenafterrestartingtheequipment.

7.4 AutotestThe AUTOTEST process allows you to verify the proper operation of the viscometer, in a way that allows detection of motor malfunctions in a simple and practical way.

VERY IMPORTANT:The Autotest should be done without a spindle.

Oncethismessageisshownonthescreen,confirmthat the spindle is not connected. Afterwards, press ‘ENTER’ and the auto-check process will begin. While this test is running, the screen will show this message:

The progress bar that appears below the word ¨AUTOTESTING¨ displays the status of this process accompanied by a textual representation of the progress in a percent format. OncetheAUTOTESTprocessfinishes,twopossible messages will appear, depending on the result of the diagnostic.If the viscometer detects an anomaly, it will show the following message on the screen while it emits an acoustic warning:

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Equipment Description / Menu system

If you press ‘ENTER’, the viscometer will present the contact information of technical service. The format of the menu should appear similar to the one in the following picture:

If there is a system error, the equipment will stay blocked, meaning the motor is not working properly. If the machine is turned off and restarted, the same screen will reappear.In the case of a successful check, the main menu will be displayed.

8. Menu system8.1 The Main MenuBYK-Gardner viscometers work with a system of menus that allow the user to go through the instrument in a quick and simple way. The basic actions in the menus are: moving through the options (‘’ and ‘’ keys), selecting an option (‘ENTER’ key) or returning to the previous menu (‘MEM/CLEAR’ key).

The main menu is the one that appears after the AUTOTEST screen. It is accessed by turning on the machine normally and after a satisfactory result from the test run.

The main menu screen will show:

The menu can be navigated with the ‘’ and ‘’ keys. The current selection will be highlighted and by pressing ‘ENTER’ you will access the selected submenu (for more information about each function in particular see the corresponding sections).

Thefirsttimethemachineisused,itisadvisabletoaccessthe‘INSTRUMENTSETUP’optionasthefirststepinordertoestablishthevaluesforcertainparametersof the viscometer such as language and measurement units.

In the following sections, each of the 5 submenus of the main menu can be seen beginningwiththeconfigurationsubmenu.

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8.2 Instrument Setup menuTheconfigurationmenucontainsthosefunctionsthatare not standardized and that modify the state and/or operations of the instrument. Once the ‘INSTRUMENT SETUP’ option is selected by pressing the ‘ENTER’ key, the following screen will appear:Move through the options using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys and select a submenu with the ‘ENTER’ key. By pressing the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key, the user can return to the main menu and by pressing the ‘’ key, the user can return the previous screen.The main menu provides the possibility of: - Changing the working language - Selecting the measurement units (viscosity and temperature) - Changing the value of the sample density (by default 1 g/cm3) - Carrying out calibrations (the machine comes calibrated from the factory, therefore it is not necessary to do any calibrations when the machine is received) - Adjusting the date and time.The language, time and units should be selected by the user before beginning to work with the equipment so that it functions properly.

8.2.1 Language (language change submenu)Oncetheconfigurationmenuhasbeenaccessed,thefirstoptionthatthecursor‘>’points to is ‘LANGUAGE’. To change the language, this option must be selected by pressing the ‘ENTER’ key.When we enter in this submenu, the viscometer will show a screen like the next one:By using ‘’ and ‘’ the different working languages for this equipment can be seen, which are:English•French•German•Italian•Spanish•CatalanOnce the language has been selected, press ‘ENTER’ and it will automatically changethelanguageofthemenusandreturntotheconfigurationmainmenuscreen.If you want to leave without changing the language, the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ keys will take you to the main menu or the ‘’keywilltakeyoutotheconfigurationmenu.

8.2.2 Units. (Unit change submenu)The byko-visc Premium viscometer allows the user to select the units that are used for measuring viscosity and temperature.

Menu system

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The possible choices for temperature units are: - Celsius (ºC) - Fahrenheit (ºF)And those of dynamic viscosity are: - International system of units (Pa·s or mPa·s) - cPs (Poise or centipoises)When the ‘UNITS’ submenu is highlighted, it can be accessed by pressing the ‘ENTER’ key and the viscometer will show the screen above.By default, the unit for the viscosity is cP and the unit for the temperature is ºC. Moreover,the‘VISCOSITY’fieldappearswithalightbluebackground,whichmeansthat its value can be changed by using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys. Press ‘ENTER’ to save theselectedviscosityunitandthefield‘TEMPERATURE’willappearhighlightedwith a light blue background. The light blue background indicates that the value of thefieldcanbemodifiedbyusingthe‘’ and ‘’ keys. Press ‘ENTER’ to save the selected temperature units.After the desired units have been selected, hit the ‘ENTER’ key with the ‘SAVE’ option highlighted in light blue background. The viscometer will save the selected units and it will return to the ‘Instrument setup’ menu.If the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key is pressed, it will cancel the new selections made for viscosity and temperature, returning to the previously used settings.

8.2.3 Density. (Default density change submenu)Thevalueassignedtothedensityofthefluidbeingmeasuredcanbechangedbymeans of this submenu. By default we consider the density of water as a reference point, but you can select any other value. The default units will be g/cm3 of the Centimetre- gram-secondsystemofunits(CGS).Thefieldofthewhole numbers appears highlighted in light blue background, which means that it can be edited. Use the numerical keyboard to introduce the value desired for the density whole numbers.Once the digits of the whole numbers are introduced, press ‘ENTER’ to skip to the nextfield.Then,thefieldofthedecimalnumberswillappearhighlightedindicatingthatthisfieldcanbemodified.Usethenumericalkeyboardtointroducethedecimalnumbers of the density and press ‘ENTER’ to save these numbers. In order to save the value of the density press ‘ENTER’ with the ‘SAVE’ option highlighted in light blue background. The viscometer will return to the ‘Instrument setup’ menu.

NOTE: If you modify the density, the viscometer will give its measurements in cSt (centiStokes), whereas if you conserve the initial density (considered the density by default), the measurements will be in cP (centipoises), P (Poise) or mPa·s, Pa·s.

Menu system

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8.2.4 Calibration (Calibration submenu)This submenu contains the viscosity and temperature calibration options that the user can utilize to recalibrate the viscometer. Moreover, it also contains the ‘RESET’ option to restore the factory-stage calibration and erase the memory and the programming.

IMPORTANT: The viscometer contains a default calibration element, the Factory Calibration, which is installed during the manufacturing process. It is for this reason that it is unnecessary to calibrate the equipment

whenusingitforthefirsttime.Nevertheless,certainnormsofqualityrecommendthat the equipment be recalibrated once a year. This is why it is offered to the user the possibility of realizing this calibration, the User Calibration, without needing to send the viscometer back to BYK-Gardner. BYK-Gardner cannot be held responsible for the measurements taken by an independently recalibrated viscometer and it is essential to follow the instructions given by BYK-Gardner carefully when recalibrating.Calibration Norms: • Toexecuteaviscositycalibrationitisnecessarytohaveonhandatleastalittle

standard calibration oil and a thermo-stabilization system to maintain the sample at a constant temperature. If you do not have this equipment then you will not be able to guarantee good post-calibration measurements. BYK-Gardner provides upon request the standard oils necessary for the calibration, as well as the accessories need to thermo-stabilize the oils.

• Therearetwotypesofcalibration: - Calibration of reference spindle: These spindles are coaxial spindles, with which

the small sample adapter must be used. By calibrating these spindles, you’re changing the calibration of all of the viscometer’s spindles. Referencespindles: • Model LTL5

• Model RTR8 • Model HTR8

- Calibration of the rest of the spindles: The calibration of any spindle, which is different from the reference spindle, will only modify the values of that individual spindle. The rest of the equipment’s spindles will not be affected by this calibration. If you want to calibrate more than one spindle and you don’t do it with the reference spindle, the spindles will have to be calibrated one by one. The oils used for each spindle will also be different, so for calibration you should have standard silicon oil for each spindle you’re calibrating.

• Tables5,6and7(p.67and68)specifythestandardoilsnecessaryforeachspindle.

Menu system

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Thissubmenuisaccessedthroughthemainconfiguration menu, by choosing the Calibration menu and pressing ‘ENTER’. Once at the submenu, the following screen will appear:Using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys, you can select the different options of this submenu, highlighting each option and pressing ‘ENTER’ for choosing it. Using the ‘’ key, you can return to the previous screen and with the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key you will return to the main menu. If you hit ‘ENTER’, you will select the option indicated by the cursor.

8.2.4.1 ResetThis submenu contains the equipment’s RESET option.After resetting, the equipment will recover the original viscosity calibration.

Upon entering this submenu, the following screen will appear:If you want to continue with this process, hit ‘ENTER’ and you will be brought to the following screen. Otherwise, hit the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key, which will bring you back to the main menu. In this submenu, the keys ‘’ and ‘’ have no function.

If you press ‘ENTER’ here, the factory-stage calibration will be restored (calibration, language), the memory will be erased as well as the programming and you will return tothemainconfigurationscreen.Ifyouhit‘MEM/Clear’,youwillreturntothemainmenu and by hitting ‘’,noconfigurationwillberestoredandyouwillalsoreturntothemainconfigurationscreen.Ifyoupress‘ENTER’withthefield‘QUIT’highlightedthe system will return to the ‘CALIBRATION’ menu

8.2.4.2 Viscosity CalibrationFirst will be described the procedure to perform the Factory Calibration. Once the ‘FACTORY CALIBRATION’ option is chosen you will be prompted for a password, as is shown in the following screen:

Upon entering the correct password the following screen will appear:

Menu system

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Menu system

If you select the viscosity option (moving through the menu with the ‘’ and ‘’ keys) and you press ‘ENTER’ you will access to the following screens, depending on the model of your viscometer:Model L Models R and H

Uponenteringthisscreen,thespindlefieldishighlightedinlightbluebackground.Using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys you can change the Spindle. The list of possible spindles to use depends on the model of your viscometer (L, R or H). Thus, in tables 8 through 22 (page 65 and on) you can see the different spindles available for each model.

NOTE: It is recommended to use the following combinations of Spindle and standard oil depending on the viscometer model:

Model L: TL5 Spindle (SSA adapter) and RT-50 (50 cP) standardModel R: TR8 Spindle (SSA adapter) and RT-500 (500 cP) standardModel H: TR8 Spindle (SSA adapter) and RT-500 (500 cP) standardOnce you’ve selected your spindle press ‘ENTER’ and the ‘VISCOSITY’fieldwillbehighlighted.Press‘ENTER’again and the following screen will appear:

Use the numerical keyboard to introduce the value of the viscosity of the standard oil used for calibration (the standard oils provided by BYK-Gardner provide viscosity tablesaccordingtodifferentworkingtemperatures).Thereisafieldforentirenumbersandotheroneforthedecimalfigures.Aftertypinginthedensityvalue,press‘ENTER’withthe‘SAVE’optionhighlightedtoconfirmthemodification.Next,the following screen will appear:

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Menu system

Remove the Spindle if it is connected to the viscometer and press ‘ENTER’. Then, the viscometer will perform the Offset calibration, showing the following screen:

The screen shows the progression of this step of the calibration with a status bar. Once the Offset calibration is completed, the following screen will be on:

Once the spindle is in position in the device, press ‘ENTER’ again and the following screen will appear:

In this screen it is necessary to introduce the time required from the moment you give the command to start the calibration to the moment the device begins the calibration process. This time lapse is frequently used to allow the whole of the sample and spindle to arrive at thermal stability before starting the actual calibration.

Onthisscreen,thefieldforthehoursappearshighlightedfirst.Usingthe‘’ and ‘’ keys you can change the number of hours. Once the right value is entered, hit ‘ENTER’andthefieldassociatedwiththenumberof minuteswillstayhighlightedandreadytobemodified using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys. Following this same procedure thenumberofsecondscanbemodified.Whenpressing the ‘ENTER’ key with the ‘SAVE’ option highlighted it will start a countdown back to zero. The following screen can be an example of this countdown:The spindle must already be submerged in the liquid once youconfirmthestarttime.Whenthecountdowngetsto zero, the viscometer will start the calibrating sequence. While the equipment is calibrating, the following screen will appear (example):

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On this screen, the progress bar that appears below the word ¨CALIBRATING¨ displays the status of this process accompanied by a textual representation of the progress in a percent format. The exit key ‘MEM/CLEAR’ allow us to exit to the main menu but never while calibrating (never while the screen looks like the example just above).

NOTE: Exiting mid-calibration denies the equipment a proper calibration and therefore it cannot guarantee accurate results.

When the calibration process is over, information on the values of the angles and curvatures of the calibration are displayed, as it is shown in the following screen:

Ifthecurvatureislowerto2%,hit‘ENTER’toconfirmthe calibration and you will be taken to the following screen:

Once on this screen, select the ‘SET CALIBRATION’ option using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys and then press ‘ENTER’. The calibration performed will be stored permanently in the viscometer’s memory. Then, the viscometer will show the main menu screen. The Factory Calibration is now completed and it can be restored as the default calibration at any moment.The procedure for the User Calibration is similar to the above. From the ‘CALIBRATION’ menu select the ‘USER CALIBRATION’ option. The following screen will appear:Select the ‘VISCOSITY’ option and you will access to the following screens, depending on the model of your viscometer:Model L Models R and H

Menu system

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Menu system

Uponenteringthisscreen,thespindlefieldishighlightedinlightbluebackground.Using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys you can change the Spindle.

The list of possible spindles to use depends on the model of your viscometer (L, R or H). Thus, in tables 8 through 17 (page 62 and on) you can see the different spindles available for each model.

NOTE: It is recommended to use the following combinations of Spindle and standard oil depending on the viscometer model:

Model L: TL5 Spindle (SSA adapter) and RT-50 (50 cP) standardModel R: TR8 Spindle (SSA adapter) and RT-500 (500 cP) standardModel H: TR8 Spindle (SSA adapter) and RT-500 (500 cP) standardOnce you’ve selected your spindle press ‘ENTER’ and the ‘VISCOSITY’fieldwillbehighlighted.Press‘ENTER’again and the following screen will appear:

Use the numerical keyboard to introduce the value of the viscosity of the standard oil used for calibration (the standard oils provided by BYK-Gardner provide viscosity tablesaccordingtodifferentworkingtemperatures).Thereisafieldforentirenumbersandotheroneforthedecimalfigures.Once introduced the density value, press ‘ENTER’ with the ‘SAVE’optionhighlightedtoconfirmthemodification. Next, the following screen will appear:

Once the spindle is in position in the device, press ‘ENTER’ again and the following screen will appear:

In this screen it is necessary to introduce the time required from the moment you give the command to start the calibration to the moment the device begins the calibration process. This time lapse is frequently used to allow the whole of the sample and spindle to arrive at thermal stability before starting the actual calibration.

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Onthisscreen,thefieldforthehoursappearshighlightedfirst.Usingthe‘’ and ‘’ keys you can change the number of hours. Once the right value is entered, hit ‘ENTER’andthefieldassociatedwiththenumberof minuteswillstayhighlightedandreadytobemodified using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys. Following this same procedure thenumberofsecondscanbemodified.Whenpressing the ‘ENTER’ key with the ‘SAVE’ option highlighted it will start a countdown back to zero. The following screen can be an example of this countdown:

The spindle must already be submerged in the liquid once youconfirmthestarttime.Whenthecountdowngetsto zero, the viscometer will start the calibrating sequence. While the equipment is calibrating, the following screen will appear (example):

On this screen, the progress bar that appears below the word ¨CALIBRATING¨ displays the status of this process accompanied by a textual representation of the progress in a percent format. The exit key ‘MEM/CLEAR’ and allow us to exit to the main menu but never while calibrating (never while the screen looks like the example just above).

NOTE: Exiting mid-calibration denies the equipment a proper calibration and therefore it cannot guarantee accurate results.

When the calibration process is over, information on the values of the angles and curvatures of the calibration are displayed, as it is shown in the following screen:

Ifthecurvatureislowerto2%,hit‘ENTER’toconfirmthecalibrationandyouwillbe taken to the main menu. The User calibration is now stored in the viscometer’s memory.

Menu system

25

Menu system

8.2.4.3 Temperature calibrationOnce selected the Factory Calibration or the User Calibration option from the Calibration submenu, the following screen will appear:

If you select the temperature option (by moving through the menu using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys) and press ‘ENTER’, you’ll be brought to a screen resembling this one:

VERY IMPORTANT: The Test-run should be carried out without a spindle.

Once this message is shown on the screen, we should confirmthatthespindleisnotconnected.Afterwards, hit ‘ENTER’ and you’ll be brought to a screen resembling this one:

Connect the temperature simulator, using a type A USB connector, to the back of the viscometer simulating the indicated temperature (in this case 0ºC).The viscometer’s screen will show the instructions to follow to achieve the calibration of the probe that measures temperature. You’ll have to connect the PT100 simulator generating an impedance equivalent to PT100 at 0 degrees Celsius. Once the gauge is connected hit ‘ENTER’ and the following screen will appear:

26

Menu system

After a few seconds and once the temperature is calibrated to 0 degree Celsius, a second screen of instructions will appear, containing the following information:

Now, you’ll have to connect the PT100 simulator generating impedance equivalent to a 100ºC PT100. With the gauge connected and hitting the ‘ENTER’ key, this screen will appear:

After a few seconds, a second screen of instructions will appear, containing the following information:

Now, you’ll have to connect the PT100 simulator generating impedance equivalent to a 200ºC PT100. With the gauge connected and hitting the ‘ENTER’ key, this screen will appear:

After the calibrating is done, the equipment will show the following screen:

Press ‘ENTER’ again and the viscometer will show the main menu. The exit keys ‘MEM/CLEAR’ and ‘’ allow us to go back to the main menu or to the previous screen, respectively, though never while calibrating.

NOTE: Exiting in mid-calibration denies the equipment a proper calibration and thus cannot guarantee accurate results

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Menu system

8.2.5 Time SettingsWhenthe‘Date&Time’fieldishighlighted,pressthe ‘ENTER’ key to select this option and the viscometer will display the following page:

Atthispoint,thefieldassociatedwiththehourwillbehighlighted,beingthebackgroundcolorofthisfieldlightblue.Usingthe‘’ and ‘’ keys you can change thehour.Oncetherightvalueisentered,hit‘ENTER’andthefieldassociatedwiththe minutes will be highlighted. Following this same procedure the minutes and secondscanbemodified.Press‘ENTER’withthe‘SAVE’optionhighlightedandthetime information will be saved. The ‘MEM/CLEAR’ and ‘’keysfulfiltheirfunctionsas exit keys, allowing you to return to the main menu without saving the changes or return to the previous screen, respectively.The date change functions in much the same way as the time change. Once this option is selected, the following screen will appear:

Thedatecanbemodifiedbyusingthe‘’ and ‘’ keys when the month, day oryearfieldisrespectivelyselected.Ifyoupressthe‘MEM/CLEAR’keythemodificationwillbecancelledandthepreviousfieldvaluewillberestored.Bypressing ‘MEM/CLEAR’ again, you will be brought back to the main menu. The ‘’ key allows us to go back to the previous page in which you can switch between modifying the date or the time, but not before pressing ‘ENTER’ and thus saving the modifications.

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8.3 MeasurementThemeasurementconfigurationmenuallowsaccesstothemainfunctionofthedevice:measuringfluidviscosity.Fromthemainmenuscreen,withthe‘MEASURE’fieldhighlighted,pressthe‘ENTER’keytochoosethisoption.After choosing this option, you will see one of these screens, depending on the viscometer model you have:Model L Models R and H

Let’sfirstlookatwhateachfieldrepresentsandhowtomodifyit.• SPINDLE:thefieldthatindicateswhichspindleyouuseforthemeasurement.• SPEED: thefieldindicatingtheworkingspeed.• DENSITY:indicatesthedensityofthesample• MAX: Maximumviscositytobedeterminedwiththespeedand the spindle selected.The‘SPINDLE’fieldtogetherwiththeselected‘SPEED’willdeterminethemaximumand minimum viscosity values (from 8 to 22, from page 68 and on), as well as the existence of a shear stress measurement (if you’re using coaxial spindles).The‘SPINDLE’fieldappearshighlightedfirst,onalightbluebackground.Theviscometer will only show the spindles that are compatible with your model. Use the ‘’ and ‘’keystochoosethespindleandpress‘ENTER’toskiptothenextfield.

NOTE: The Heldal special spindles, from PA to PF, appears in the ‘SPINDLE’fieldwhenthe‘SPEED’fieldshowaspeedvalueequalorlower than 12 rpm. Otherwise, these spindles do not appear in the ‘SPINDLE’fieldandtheycannotbeselected.

TheSPEEDfieldappearsnowhighlighted.Thisfieldindicatesthespeed(revolutionsper minute) at which the test will be done. The byko-visc Premium series incorporates 56 pre-determined speeds: 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20, 22, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 90, 100, 105, 120, 135, 140, 150, 160, 180, 200, 250 RPM.The viscosity of the liquid and the spindle used determine the speed (refer to tables 8 to 22).Speedmodification:oncethecorrespondingfieldisselected,showingalightbluebackground, you can move through the pre-established speeds using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys. If you want to keep the selected speed, press the ‘ENTER’ key to skip to thenextfield.

Measurement

29

Measurement

Youhavealsotheoptionofconfiguringastockofpersonalizedspeedstofacilitateoperations. This option is detailed in section 8.5.2 of the manual.ThefieldDENSITYisthenhighlighted.Thisfieldindicate thedensityofthefluidbeingmeasured.Bydefaultwe consider the density of water as a reference point, but you can select any other value. To modify density, press ‘ ENTER’. The following screen will appear:

Thefieldforthedensitywholenumbersappearshighlightedonalightbluebackground,readytobemodified.Thedesirednumbercanbeintroducedusingthenumericalkeyboard.Press‘ENTER’tovalidatethenumber.Then,thefieldfor the decimals will change its background color to light blue, indicating that it is ready to be edited. Use the numerical keyboard to introduce the value desired. Press ‘ENTER’ to validate this value. Press ‘ENTER’ again with the ‘SAVE’ option highlighted in order to save the density value. Then, the viscometer will return to the measurementconfigurationmenu.

NOTE: If you modify the density, the viscometer will give its measurements in cSt (centiStokes), whereas if you conserve the initial density (considered the density by default), the measurements will be in cP (centipoises), P (Poise) or mPa·s, Pa·s.

If,oncethevaluesofallofthefieldsareconfirmed,youpressthe‘ON’key;youwillgo on to the measurement screen. If instead you press the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key, you’ll return to the main menu screen. If you press the ‘’ key, you will return to the initial screen.

8.3.1 Measurement ScreenYou can access this screen by pressing the ON key after the introduction of the measurement parameters. The viscometer will start moving the spindle, which means that the equipment is ready to start collecting data. We will now see an example of the data presented on screen at this stage:

As the equipment goes about collecting viscosity data (one piece of data for each rotation of the spindle), the information on the screen will be updated. On the screen you will see:

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Measurement

• SPINDLE: Currentspindle.Selectedonthepreviousscreen.• SPEED: Revolutionsperminute.Valueselectedonpreviousscreen.• VISCOSITY:ViscosityvalueexpressedincPormPa·s,orcSt(inthecasethata density different from the default one is introduced). • TORQUE: Certainpercentageofthebasescale.Percentagevalueofthe curvature of the spring in relation to the base of the same scale.• TEMP: Temperatureofthesample(ºCorºF).

NOTE: Depending on the selected speed, it is possible that the speed reading will take a few seconds or minutes to appear. It’s important thattheviscometerhasmadeatleastfiverotations(whichequalsfivemeasurements) before considering the measurements to be valid, as the device needs that time to stabilize. It’s also important to only take into account the temperature of a stable sample.

In addition to visualizing measurements made on the sample, the user can also do other things from this screen.Thespeedfieldappearsbydefaultselectedonthisscreen,highlightedonalightblue background. Using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys, you can increase or reduce the speed of the spindle’s rotation (RPM). When you press one of these two keys, the rotation speed increases or decreases, respectively, from the previous speed. This way, we can comfortably modify the turning speed without having to leave the measurement screen.Theunitsinthetemperaturefield(ºCandºF)canbemodifiedusingthesameprocess but you will have to use the ‘‘keytoselecttheappropriatefieldfirst.Theselectedfieldwillappearonalightbluebackground.The instrument allows switching between the viscosity and the Shear Rate and Shear Stress by pressing the ‘ENTER’ key. This feature is not activated for the spindles that Shear Rate and Shear Stress are not applicable, such as the standard Spindles (L1 to L4 and R1 to R7).

IMPORTANT: When the certain percentage of the base scale is lower than 15% or is as high as 95%, the measurement cannot be considered valid and the equipment will emit a warning beep with every rotation made under these circumstances.

With the ON key you can stop or start the motor, which allows for momentary pauses in an experiment. When you hit this key, the equipment will show the following message:

If you press the ON key, the equipment will restart the measurements with the same configuration.

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TestProfiles

8.4 Test ProfilesBYK-Gardner viscometers incorporate a group of programmable logs that allow configurationstobesavedinordertospeedupuseofthemachinewhencarryingout measurements of a certain frequency.

From the main menu screen, select the ‘TEST PROFILE’ option by using the ‘’ and ‘’ arrows and hit the ‘ENTER’ key to accept. The viscometer will show the following screen:

Thefirstoptionwillstartameasurementwithsomeconfigurationsalreadyrecordedin the instrument’s log and the second is for saving the measurement options of a newconfiguration.Selectonefieldortheotherbyusingthe‘ENTER’key.By pressing the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ and ‘’ keys the equipment will return to the main menu screen.

8.4.1 Writing Tests Profile (Edit Profile)To select this option, the ‘ENTER’ key should be pressed when the ‘EDIT PROFILE’ option is highlighted. The viscometer will show the following screen:

Tochooseoneofthetestprofiles,pressthecorrespondingkeyforthetestprofilethat is desired. The names correspond to the symbols that there are on each of the keys on the apparatus´ keyboard (for example hitting the key ‘6 M6’ selects log M6). From there, hit the ‘ENTER’ key to validate the option. Inthetestprofilerecordingtherearetwooptionblocksthatyoumusttoconfigureoncethedesiredtestprofilehasbeenchosen.Wewillnowexplainviscometerprogrammingandoutputspecificconfigurationforthemeasurement.

8.4.1.1 Viscometer programmingOnce the log is chosen, the following screen will appear:

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TestProfiles

For the selection of one of the two options, scroll between the options by using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys and press the ‘ENTER’ key on the one that is desired. The exit keys, ‘MEM/CLEAR’ and ‘’,continuetofulfiltheirhabitualfunctionsbybringingtheuserto the main menu screen or the previous screen, respectively. In the case of ‘MEM/CLEAR’, it will proceed without having saved the changes.Onthisscreen,thesetwofieldscanbeconfigured.Oncetheyareconfigured,theONkeyaccessestothe‘MEASURECONFIGURATION’screen,whichshouldbefilledwiththe main parameters desired for the measurement, such as the spindle, the motor speed and the density of the sample.

8.4.1.1.1 TTT and TTSThese abbreviations mean:TTT: Time to Torque. You must set a torque value (%), at which the viscometer will

have to stop the measurement. The screen will show the obtained viscosity at this moment in the torque. (see section 8.5)

TTS: Time to Stop. You must set a time for the experiment and a time for the viscometer to stop. Once the device has arrived at the determined time, the equipment will stop and display the value of the viscosity (see section 8.5)

If you choose the option ‘TTT and TTS’, the following screen appears:

ThetwofieldstoactivateinthisscreenaretheTTTandTTS.Toselectafield,usethe ‘’ or ‘’keystogothroughtheoptionscyclically.Thefieldthatisselectedateach moment will change the color of the text.TTT and TTS can only be ON or OFF. To change from one to the other you must havethefieldselectedandusethe‘ENTER’keytochangemodes.Ifneithermodeischosen,youcannotaccessthe‘Torque’or‘Time’fields.Thesefieldsneedtobeactivated(‘ON’inthefieldsTTTandTTS,respectively)inordertoaccess them.Oncethe‘TimetoTorque’fieldisactivated,the‘TORQUE’ fieldappearshighlighted.Press‘ENTER’againtoactivate the screen that allows the edition of this parameter. This screen is like the following:

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TestProfiles

Theactivefieldcanbechangedbypressingthe‘‘key.Oncetheappropriatefieldishighlighted,itcanbeselectedbypressingthe‘ENTER’key.Theselectedfieldchangesitsbackgroundcolortolightblue,whichmeansthatthefieldcanbeedited.Using the numerical keys you should enter the desired value and press ‘ENTER’ again with the ‘SAVE’ option highlighted to save the changes. This value will remain saved even if the option is deactivated (‘OFF’).‘Time’ismodifiedinasimilarway.Youshouldhavethe ‘TTS’ option activated (hitting the ‘ENTER’ key to change the mode to ‘ON’). Once it is selected, hit ‘ENTER’ and the following screen will be shown:

Changetheactivefieldwiththe‘’ key and introduce the desired value in each fieldusingthe‘’ and ‘’ arrows. Hit the ‘ENTER’ key to accept the value. Hitting ‘ENTER’ again with the ‘SAVE’ option highlighted saves the changes and these will besaveduntilthenextmodificationbythesameprocedure.Ifwedeactivatethe‘TTS’ option, the value will remain saved in the memory.The exit keys ‘MEM/CLEAR’ and the ‘’keycontinuetofulfiltheirtraditionalfunctions, bring us to the main menu screens or the previous screen, respectively. With the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key, the changes will go unsaved. Moreover, the key ‘ON’ brings us to ‘MEASURE CONFIGURATION’ screen.

NOTE: It is impossible to select both the TTT and TTS functions at the same time.

8.4.1.1.2 StorageIf you choose the Storage option you will be activating experiment recording or recording measurements in the memorytestprofile.Forthis,youwillbeledtothe following screen:

The default mode is ‘OFF’. To activate this option, use the ‘ENTER’ key to turn it ‘ON’ and vice versa. Whiletheoptionisdeactivated(‘OFF’),wecannotselectthetimefieldsthatregulatethis function.• INIT: recordstarttime.• END: datarecordendtime.• INCREMENT:theincrementsbywhichsamplesaretaken.

34

TestProfiles

Oncethefieldinactive,youcanselectdifferentfields, jumping for one to another using the ‘’ and ‘’ arrows. Tomodifyeachfield,press‘ENTER’.Ascreensuchasthe following will appear:

Theselectedfieldwillhighlightitsbackgroundonthescreenwhileitismodified,using the ‘’ and ‘’ arrows and introducing the desired values in the digital places this way. Upon digit entry the viscometer will jump to the next digit place by pressing the ‘ENTER’ key. To save the changes press ‘ENTER’ again with the ‘SAVE’ option highlighted,whichwillunselectedthefieldsandsavethevaluesentered.

The exit keys ‘MEM/CLEAR’ and the ‘’keycontinuetofulfiltheirtraditionalfunctions, bringing us to the main menu screens or the previous screen, respectively. With the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key, the changes will go unsaved.

8.4.1.2 Measurement ConfigurationsWhen you are in the ‘TTT&TTS/SPEED SETTINGS/STORAGE’ screen in the ‘EDIT PROFILE’ option (as we will now see), youcanbegintheconfigurationofthemeasurementor experiment. The ‘ON’ key will bring you to a screen resembling this one:

Themodificationonthisscreenhasalreadybeenexplainedindetailinsection8.3Measurementconfigurationmenu.

NOTE:Theprofileundereditioncanbeconfiguredwithanyofthe56predetermined (standard) speeds. Therefore, all the standard speeds are availablewhenthe‘SPEED’fieldisselectedeveniftheviscometerhasactivatedapreconfiguredsetofpersonalized(custom)speeds.Moreinformation about the custom speeds will be shown in Section 8.5.2 (Speed Settings).

Oncethemeasurementparametersareconfigured, pressthe‘ON’keytosaveittothememorytestprofile. The equipment will move on to the following screen and therecordingprocesswillbefinalized.

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TestProfiles

8.4.2 Select ProfileIf the user wants to use some of the machine’s logs, the ‘ENTER’keyshouldbehitoncethefieldofthisoptionis highlighted and the following screen will appear:

Tochooseoneofthetestprofileoptions,hitthelogkeycorrespondingtothedesired log setting (for example 1 M1, would select log M1). The names correspond to symbols on each key on the viscometer’s keyboard. After that, hit the ‘ENTER’ key to validate the option.Oncethetestprofileischosenthefollowinginformation screen will appear:

The disabled options appear in the ‘OFF’ status. The activated ones appear with someconfigurationinformation(‘TTT’and‘TTS’options)orwiththe‘ON’indication(‘STORAGE’option).Theinformationshownwillnotbeabletobemodifiedunderany condition; it is only shown to inform the user. Once on this screen, the key ‘’ takes the user to the log selection screen and the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key would take the user back to the main menu of the machine. Press the ‘ON’ key to directly start the measurement. Press the ‘ENTER’ key to hide this screen and the instrument will bring the measurementconfigurationinformationonthescreen:

Onceonthemeasurementconfigurationscreen,itsdetailscanbeseenbutnotmodified.Nowifthe‘ON’keyishit,themeasurementcanbegin.Ifthe‘’ key is pressed, it goes to the log selection screen and the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key would take the user back to the main menu of the instrument.Ifbyerroratestprofileisselectedthathasnotbeen recorded on previously (the viscometer comes from the factorywithemptytestsprofile)andifthe‘ENTER’key is hit, a ‘MEMORY EMPTY’ message will appear:

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Bypressingthe‘ENTER’keyagain,thetestprofileselectionscreenwillreappeartobeabletoselectanothertestprofile.The‘MEM/CLEAR’and‘’ keys continue fulfillingtheirnormalfunctionsbybringingtheusertothemainmenuscreenortheprevious screen, respectively.

NOTE: There exists a way to select the log through fast access. When the user is on the main screen of the viscometer, the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key can be hit and a letter M will appear on the lower part of the screen giving this view:

When this M is on the screen the keyboard function has been activated, the user candirectlyselectoneofthenine“testprofile”.Pressoneoftheninekeyswithakeyboardtestprofilesymbols(forexample3M3).Ittakestheuserdirectlytothetestprofileinformationscreenandtheusercanproceedaswasexplainedbefore.Inthesameway,ifanemptytestprofileisselected(withouthavingbeenrecordedon);itwill show the empty slot screen.

8.5 ProgrammingThe Programming menu contains the functions that allow some optional applications to be programmed for the measurements. The TTT (Time to Torque), TTS (Time toStop)andtheSpeedConfigurationareapplicationsthatarecomplementarytothe normal measurements. To the contrary, the options ‘Ramp’ and ‘Multistep’ are applications which function independently of the ordinary measurements. These run through the normal programming of the viscometer.From the main menu screen you must highlight the option “Program”,asseeninthefollowingdiagram:

Bypressing“ENTER”,youwillseethefollowingscreen:

The exit keys ‘MEM/CLEAR’ and ‘’ will continue to perform their normal functions, bringing you to the viscometer’s main menu screen.

TestProfiles

37

TestProfiles

8.5.1 TTT (Time to Torque) and TTS (Time to Stop)Select this function, pressing the ‘ENTER’ key when the ‘TTT and TTS’ option is highlighted and the viscometer will show you the following screen:

Thisscreenwillallowustoactivateandconfigurethe‘TIMETOTORQUE’(TTT)and‘TIME TO STOP’ (TTS) options explained here:• TimetoTorque(TTT):the‘TIMETOTORQUE’fieldcontainsthetorquevalue(%)

at which the viscometer will stop the measurement. The viscometer gradually changes the speed of the spindle in order to approach the selected torque. When this torque is attained the viscometer stops the measurement and the viscosity measurement is displayed on the screen.

• TimetoStop(TTS):the‘TIMETOSTOP’fieldiswhereweprogramtheamountoftimewewantthemeasurementorexperimenttolast.Programmingthisfieldwithatimelimitwilldefinethemaximumdurationoftheviscometer’smeasurement.Whentheviscometerstopsbecausetheprogramisfinished,theviscositymeasurement will be displayed on the screen.

Toselectthefieldthatwewanttoactivate(TTTorTTS)weusethe‘’ or ‘’ keys tojumpfromfieldtofieldcyclically.Thenpressthe‘ENTER’keytoactivatetheselectedoption.TheoptionsforthetwofieldsTTTandTTScanonlyeitherbe‘ON’or ‘OFF’.Ifthe‘TimetoTorque’or‘TimetoStop’fieldsarenotactivated(showsthe‘OFF’status)the‘Time’and‘Torque’fieldscannotbeaccessed.Press‘ENTER’toactivatethe‘TimetoTorque’field(‘ON’ position)andthe‘Torque’fieldwillbehighlighted.Press ‘ENTER’againtoproceedtothemodifications.The following screen will appear:

Pressenteragaintoselecttheentirenumberfield.Thebackgroundoftheselectedfieldwillchangetolightblue,indicatingthatthefieldcanbeedited.Byusingthenumerical keys we can introduce the desired torque value, between 15.0 and 95.0. By pressing the ‘ENTER’ key again the decimals can be introduced. Press ‘ENTER’ again when the ‘SAVE’ option is highlighted in order to save the torque value. This number will remain saved, unchanged, even if the ‘Time to Torque’ option is deactivated(bychangingthefieldoptionto‘OFF’).

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The‘Time’fieldworksinasimilarway.Weneedtofirst activate the ‘Time to Stop’ option (on ‘ON’ position) and selectitusingthe‘ENTER’key.Thefield‘TIME’will appear highlighted. Press ‘ENTER’ again and the following screen will be on:

Thefieldforthehoursappearshighlightedinlightbluebackground,soitreadyto be edited. Use the ‘’ and ‘’ arrows to introduce the desired number and press‘ENTER’toactivatethenextfield.Thesameprocedureisfollowedfortheminutesandsecondfields.Pressingthe‘ENTER’keywhenthe‘SAVE’indicationishighlighted saves the changes, and these will remain unchanged until a new amount is entered in the same way. If we deactivate the ‘Time to Stop’ option (in ‘OFF’ position), the value will be saved.The ‘MEM/CLEAR’ and ‘’ exit keys will continue serving their normal functions; bring us to the main menu screen or the previous screen, respectively. If you use ‘MEM/CLEAR’, changes will not be saved. Moreover, the key ‘ON’ brings us to ‘MEASURE CONFIGURATION’ screen.

NOTE: The TTT and TTS are mutually exclusive, so both functions cannot work at the same time.

8.5.2 Speed settingsIf we select the ‘SPEED SETTING’ option, pressing the ‘ENTER’ key when this option is highlighted, the following screen should appear:

This is the ‘SPEED SETTING’ submenu screen. The byko-visc Premium viscometer has a pre-set speed of 56 RPMs (revolutions per minute) as well as speeds in which the RPMs can be set manually. In some cases, when the work speeds are repetitive, theusercanpersonalizethesespeedsconfiguringaprofileforthemeasurement.This way, there are two methods of working with different speeds: selecting speeds directly out of the pre-set group (STANDARD option) or creating a personalized profilewhichincludesthespeedsmostfrequentlyused(CUSTOMoption).This‘CUSTOM’profilewillallowyoutoselectupto18speeds.The viscometer provides a default range of speeds, through the ‘STANDARD’ option. You must use the ‘’ and ‘’ keys to select this option and press ‘ENTER’ to choose it.

TestProfiles

39

Using the same ‘’ and ‘’ keys, you can change the methodto‘Custom’andpress‘ENTER’toconfirm.You canhaveonlyonepersonalizedprofile,soifyouaren’t programmed yet, you will see the following screen:

Ifyoualreadyhadapersonalizedprofileprogrammed,youwouldseeascreenwiththe speeds that you could add to your programmed ones (with a maximum of 18).In both cases the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ and ‘’ exit keys will continue to serve their normal functions, bringing you to the main menu or previous screens, respectively.Thepersonalizedprofilecanhaveupto19speeds;18programmablebytheuserandoneprimaryspeedwhichis0rpmbydefinition.Attheendoftheprofileeditingall of the programmed speeds, with the exception of speed 0 rpm will be displayed on the screen.Byselectingthe‘ADD’fieldandbypressing‘ENTER’you willstartthecreationofanewprofileaddingthefirstofthe custom speeds. When you start the creation of a new personalizedprofile,theviscometerwilldisplaythe following screen:

Whenthisscreenappears,thespeedfieldwillbehighlighted.Pressthe‘ENTER’keyto modify this value. You can use the ‘’ and ‘’ keys to change the speed, moving from velocities between 0.01 rpm and 200 rpm. Toconfirmthespeed,youmustpress‘ENTER’andthe field‘SAVE’willbeselected.Press‘ENTER’onceagain to save that velocity.The viscometer’s screen will now show the list of custom speedswiththefirstvelocityprogrammed,withthestep number and the speed value, as it is shown in the following screen:On this screen, the ‘’ and ‘’ keys can be used to scroll through the different options, which can be chosen by pressing the ‘ENTER’ key. The option ‘SAVE’ saves the list of custom speeds and returns to the ‘Speed Setting’ menu. The ‘CLEAR’ option erases the list of custom speeds and returns to the ‘Custom Speed’ submenu. Finally, a new velocity can be added by highlighting the ‘ADD’ option (with the ‘’ and ‘’ keys) and then pressing the ‘ENTER’ key. A new screen will appear:

TestProfiles

40

The second custom speed will be introduced following the sameprocedurethatwasusedtoincludethefirstone. Note that the default velocity that will appear in the speed fieldisalwayshigherthanthepreviouscustomspeed.By repeating that procedure a number of custom speeds can be included. The list of custom speeds can be seen in the following screen:Thecustomspeedscanbeeditedindividually.Thefieldofacustomspeedcanbe highlighted by using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys. Press the ‘ENTER’ key to edit the selectedcustomspeed.Thespeedcanbemodified,savedordeletedandthelistof updated custom speeds will appear. Moreover, the ‘CLEAR’ option erases all the custom speeds and returns to the ‘Custom Speed’ submenu.Once all the desired custom speeds are introduced, highlight the ‘SAVE’ option with ‘’ and ‘’ keys and press ‘ENTER’. This save the custom speeds and return the instrument to the ‘Speed Settings’ menu.

NOTE:Thespeedsthatcanbeprogrammedinthepersonalizedprofilemust follow a positive progression, meaning that any value can be equal or greater than the previous speed but never less.

The ‘MEM/CLEAR’ and ‘’ exit keys bring you to the previous screen, the ‘SPEED SETTING’ submenu. With the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key, changes will not be saved.

8.5.3 MultistepThe MULTISTEP application is one of the multiple options offered in the BYK-Gardner byko-visc Premium viscometer-programming menu. This application allows you to increase the viscometer’s spindle turn speed non-linearly at a determined time and at a progression that doesn’t have to be either constant or positive.This option can be accessed from the ‘PROGRAM’ menu, using the ‘’ and ‘’ keystohighlightthe‘MULTIESTEP’fieldandthenpressingthe‘ENTER’key.Thefollowingconfigurationscreenwillbeshown:For ForModel L Models R and H

TestProfiles

41

The‘SPINDLE’fieldappearshighlightedinlightblue,which meansthatitisreadytobemodified.Usethe‘’ and ‘’ keys to choose the appropriate spindle. Press ‘ENTER’ againtoconfirmthespindle.Then,the‘DENSITY’fieldwill appear highlighted. Press ‘ENTER’ and you will access the following screen:

Thefieldforthedensitywholenumbersappearshighlightedinlightbluebackground,readytobemodified.Thedesirednumbercanbeintroducedusingthe numerical keyboard. Press ‘ENTER’ to validate the whole number. Then, the fieldforthedecimalswillchangeitsbackgroundcolortolightblue,indicatingthatit is ready to be edited. Use the numerical keyboard to introduce the value desired. Press ‘ENTER’ to validate this value. Press ‘ENTER’ again with the ‘SAVE’ option highlighted in order to save the density value. Then, the viscometer will return to the MULTISTEPconfigurationscreen.Selectthe‘STEPS’fieldusingthe‘’ and ‘’ keys and press ‘ENTER’ to access MULTISTEP programming (details further on).If the Multistep program has already been programmed, the set will show on the following screen (for example):

Thisscreenshowstheset’sMULTISTEPprogramconfiguration.Inthiscase,itshowsthattheL1spindleisbeingusedandthat5stepsareconfiguredintheprogram.The‘SPINDLE’fieldappearshighlightedbydefault.Usethe‘’ and ‘’ keys to choose the spindle and then press ‘ENTER’.Use the ‘’ and ‘’keystohighlightthe‘STEPS’fieldand press ‘ENTER’ to access the screen where the different configuredstepsarelisted(examplescreen):

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MULTISTEP programmed speeds will be displayed. New steps can be added with the ‘ADD’ option and the list of steps can be deleted with the ‘CLEAR’ option. The list of steps can be also saved with the ‘SAVE’ option. Use the ‘’ and ‘’ keys to scroll through these options and press ‘ENTER’ to select one of them. Moreover, the steps listed can be edited or deleted individually. Use the ‘’ and ‘’ keys to highlight one of the steps and press ‘ENTER’ to edit its parameters. The following screen will appear:

Choosethe‘SAVE’optiontosavethemodifiedparametersor‘DEL’todeletethestep under edition. The viscometer will return to the screen with the list of the configuredsteps.Thelistwillappearupdatedifthestepundereditionhasbeendeleted.

The following information is obtained on this MULTISTEP example screen:- Position 1. Speed 150.0 rpm, experiment time 15 seconds.- Position 2. Speed 200.0 rpm, experiment time 15 seconds.- Position 3. Speed 100.0 rpm, experiment time 30 seconds.- Position 4. Speed 150.0 rpm, experiment time 15 seconds.- Position 5. Speed 200.0 rpm, experiment time 30 seconds.

Thismeansthattheviscometerwillhaveafirstmeasuringat150.0rpmfor15seconds, then for another 15 seconds will take another measurement at 200.0 rpm, drop to 100.0 rpm and 30 second measuring at this speed, then take another 15 second measurement at 150.0 rpm, to return to 200.0 where it will measure for another 30 seconds.The MULTISTEP program will have as many steps as shown in the MULTISTEP configurationinformationscreen,withamaximumof10steps.Onceallthestepsareconfigured,usethe‘’ and ‘’ keys to select the option ‘SAVE’ and press ‘ENTER’ to save the programming. Then you will see the following screen:For ForModel L Models R and H

Hereyoucanreconfigureallofthemeasurementparameters.Thespindletobeused and the density of the sample can be changed in this screen as it is explained above.Thestepscanalsobeeditedselectingthe‘STEP’fieldwiththe‘’ and ‘’ keys and pressing ‘ENTER’, as already explained. Moreover, the execution of the

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experiment according to the programmed steps can be started from this screen by pressing the ‘ON’ key.

NOTE: The ‘Multistep’ speeds do not have to be linear, or even followa positive graduation. The user can program any progression type (growing, decreasing, rising and declining, etc.).

Using the ‘’ key you will return to the initial screen of ‘MULTISTEP’ programming. The ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key will bring you to the main menu without saving the changes.The execution of the measurement can also be started according to the MULTISTEP program from the configurationscreen,withthelistofconfiguredsteps such as those listed in the following example:

By pressing the ‘ON’ key, you start the measurements according to the programmed steps. If you press the ‘ON’ key without having validated a step with the ‘ENTER’ key, the viscometer will not keep it in memory and will proceed to measure without thenon-confirmedstep.Here is a model of the following screen:

As it can be seen, a box with some information appears on the bottom area of the screen. On the left side the ‘MULTISTEP’ text is shown. Moreover, the central area of the box shows and counts down the remaining time of the step under execution. Furthermore, on the right side is shown the step under execution from the total of the steps.Whentheapplicationisfinished,thefollowingscreenwill appear (example):

The countdown is replaced by the ‘END PROGRAM’ text.By pressing the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key you’ll be brought to the viscometer’s main menu screen.

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8.5.4 RampThe RAMP application is one of the many options offered in the ‘PROGRAM’ menu of the BYK-Gardner byko-visc Premium viscometers. This application allows us to program the viscometer to increase linearly the spindle turn speed in a determined time and with a positive speed graduation.We select this option by pressing the ‘ENTER’ key with the ‘RAMP’ option highlighted on the programming screen. The equipment will then show on the screen:For ForModel L Models R and H

UponenteringthisoptiontheSPINDLEfieldwillbeselectedbydefaultanditwillbehighlighted on a light blue background. You can change the Spindle using the ‘’ and ‘’keys.Press‘ENTER’againtoconfirmthisselection.Thesystemwillskiptothenextfield.Using the ‘’ and ‘’keysyoucanchangetheselectedfield.Onceyou’veintroducedthemodificationsinthespindlefield,thenextfieldtomodifyistheDensity. To modify the density, you must press ‘ENTER’ and you will enter a mode inwhichthefieldisnumericallyalterable.Thehighlightedfieldcanbemodifiedbypressingthe‘ENTER’key.Thefieldtobemodifiedchangesitsbackgroundcolortoindicatethatthefieldcanbeedited.Youcanmodifythenumberusingthedigitalkeyon the set, which allow us to introduce the desired numbers, digit by digit. To save thechanges,press‘ENTER’whenthe‘SAVE’fieldishighlighted.

NOTE: The density that appears by default is 1.000 g/cm3. You should only modify it if you want to obtain the viscosity readings in cinematic viscosity (cSt). For dynamic viscosity readings (cP or mPa·s), it is unnecessary to change this value.

To select the initial speed (INIT) you can use the ‘’ and ‘’ keys to highlight this fieldandbypressingthe‘ENTER’keyyouwillallowthisfieldtobeedited,changingits background color to light blue. You can change the values using the ‘’ and ‘’ keysandbypressingthe‘ENTER’keyagainyouwillbebroughttothefinalspeedfield(END)whichwillbehighlighted.Hereagain,youusethe‘ENTER’keytoselectthatfieldandthe‘’ and ‘’keystoalterthefinalspeedvalue.Press‘ENTER’againtosavethisvalueandyouwillbebroughttothetimefield(TIME)whichwillbehighlighted

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NOTE: Thefinalspeed(END)canneverbelessthantheinitialspeed(INIT) because the ramp must be positive in its progression.

Press‘ENTER’toselectthe‘TIME’field.Thefirstfield,forhours(H),appearshighlighted on a light blue background so it is ready to be edited. You can change the values using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys and by pressing the ‘ENTER’ key again youwillbebroughttothenextfield,forminutes(M).Repeatthesameprocedurefortheseconds(S)andpress‘ENTER’withthe‘SAVE’fieldhighlightedtosavethe programmed time for the analysis. The viscometer will return to the ‘Ramp’ configurationscreen.The ‘ON’ key will key the RAMP program running. The viscometer will show the following screen (example):

In the bottom area of the screen we can see that the countdown indicates to us the time left before the process concludes and the ‘RAMP’ indication.The ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key and the ‘’ key interrupt the application and bring you to the main menu screen

8.6 OptionsThe Options menu contains the information and output options that can be set in the BYK-Gardner Viscometers. Whenthe‘Options’fieldofthemainmenuishighlighted, you must select it by pressing ‘ENTER’. The viscometer will show the following screen:

Using the ‘’ and ‘’ keys we can highlight the options in a cyclical way. Press ‘ENTER’ to choose one of them.The ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key and the ‘’keywillcontinuetofulfiltheirtraditionalfunctions, both bringing you to the main menu screen.

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8.6.1 StorageThe storage submenu allows you to enable the recording system of the viscometer. This selection is mandatory in order to obtain a graphical representation of the measurements or to output such information: storing a fileinaUSBmemoryStick,printingtheresultsthrough ESC/POSPrinterand/oruploadingthefileintoaFTP server. The Output menu presents the following screen:

Bydefault,the‘Status’fieldisinactive(intheOFFposition).Youcanpressthe‘ENTER’keytoswitchthefieldbetweenactive/inactivestates(ON/OFF).Whilethe‘State’fieldisdeactivated(intheOFFposition)youwillbeunabletoselectthetimefieldsthatregulatethisfunction.Oncethe‘Status’fieldisactivated(intheONposition),youwillbeabletoselectthedifferentfieldsusingthe‘’ and ‘’keys.Thecurrentselectedfieldwillremainhighlightedonthescreen.Toediteachfield,youmustpress‘ENTER’ontheselectedfieldandthenintroducethevaluesusingthe‘’ and ‘’ keys. To save the changes,press‘ENTER’,whereuponthefieldwillbeunselectedandthechangessaved. Screen Information:

•INIT:Definesthelapseoftimebeforestartingtherecording.•END:Definesthetimeatwhichtherecordingends.•INCREMENT:Definesthetimeintervalbetweenrecordedsamples.

The ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key and the ‘’keywillcontinuetofulfiltheirtraditionalfunctions, bringing you to the main menu screen and the previous screen, respectively, without saving the changes in the case of ‘MEM/CLEAR’.It is also possible to perform a non-stop recording leaving both ‘INIT’ and ‘END’ timesettozeroandchangingthe‘STATUS’fieldtoactive(ONposition).Theviscometer will save in its memory one recording every second, with a maximum of approximately 72000 samples. The recording will start with the execution of a new experiment and it will end when the data memory becomes full.

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8.6.2 CommunicationsThis option allows downloading the data saved in the Viscometer’s memory to an external USB-memory, computer, POS printer or FTP server. Additionally, it also enables the remote communications of the viscometer with theBYK-Gardnerbyko-viscSoftware,withtheWiFi-Configapplication and with Bluetooth to an android device using the byko-visc Software application. When this option is selected, the following menu appears:

The option activated by default is ‘DISABLED’, which disables the downloading channels of the instrument. Press ‘ENTER’ to disable any external communication made by the viscometer. The activation of the ‘USB’ downloading channel can be done selecting the appropriate option with the ‘’ and ‘’ keys and then pressing the ‘ENTER’ key. If the ‘USB’ option is chosen, the following menu will be shown:Theoption‘FDB/WiFi-Config’enablestheremoteinteractionwiththeBYK-Gardner byko-visc Software application or with the WiFi configurationsoftware(WiFi-Config).Priortothisselection,the computer has to be connected to the viscometer using a USB to USB cable. Otherwise, the device will be brought to the main menu as soon as the selection is made and it will return to the ‘DISABLE’ state. At that point, select the ‘byko-viscsoftware/WiFi-Config’optionandpress‘ENTER’.Thefollowing screen will appear:

If the byko-visc software is running on the computer, this screen will be on for a few seconds until the byko-visc software takes the control of the viscometer. When using the byko-visc software, the indication ‘REMOTE’ appears on the right bottom area of the measurement screen, as it is shown in the following screen:

More information about the remote handling of the viscometer using the byko-visc software can be found in Appendix A ‘BYK-Gardner byko-visc software’ of this User Manual.The option ‘USB PEN’ allows the data download to an external USB memory in the data USB port of the instrument. Be sure that the USB memory is connected to the USB connector intended for communication purposes (see Figure 3, Section 7).

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Use the ‘’ and ‘’ keys to highlight the ‘USB’ option and press ‘ENTER’ to start the download. If there is no USB memory the viscometer will not change its screen, waiting for the connection to a USB memory. If the viscometer detects the USB stick connected to the suitable USB connector the download will start, showing this text on the screen:

Once completed the download, the viscometer will return to the main menu.If a USB-memory has been used to download the data the viscometer will create a foldernamed‘BYK-GARDNER’initsrootdirectory.Thefileorfilesresultingfromthedownloadwillbestoredinthisfolder.Thefirstfileisnamed‘FDL0’andthefollowingonesare‘FDL1’,‘FDL2’andsoon.ThefilesaresavedinaCSV(Comma-SeparatedValues) format, so they can be opened using a plain text editor or a spreadsheet. An exampleofafilegeneratedbythisfeaturecanbeseeninthefollowingscreenshot:

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In order to perform the download of the data contained in the Viscometer’s memory to the FTP server using the WiFi connection of the instrument, use the ‘’ and ‘’ keys to highlight the ‘WIFI’ option from the ‘COMUNICATIONS’ menu and press ‘ENTER’ to start the download. The following screen will appear:

Once the data download is completed the viscometer will return to the main menu. However, if the connection with the WiFi network or the FTP server is not properly established the instrument will show the following screen:

ExaminetheWiFiconfigurationparametersandexecutethedownloadagain.TheconfigurationoftheinstrumenttobeconnectedtoaWiFinetworkwillbeexplainedintheAppendixA,‘WirelessDataloggerconfiguration’.

NOTE: For some particular WiFi network conditions, such as temporary overloading, some loss of data may result during the download. This wouldleadtodownloadedfileswithmissedrecordings.Thisissuecanbesolved downloading again the experiment stored in the memory of the viscometer, at any time before saving a new experiment.

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8.6.3 InformationIf you select the ‘INFO’ option, you will be brought to the following screen:

The geographic area can be chosen here use the ‘’ and ‘’ keys. Press the ‘ENTER’ key and it will be displayed a screen with the contact information of the manufacturer, resembling this:

This option is incorporated as a means of security in the case of loss of the present document or the displacement of any reference to the company in technical support or on paper.

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8.6.4 Graphic ModeIf you select this option, you will be activating the function that creates graphic representation of the values previously saved in the viscometer’s memory. The plots and their order of appeareance depends on the type of analysis carried out.

For regular measurenents (no RAMP/MULTISTEP programming)theviscometerwillfirstdisplayaplotwithsimilar structure to the shown on the following screen:

This plot shows the viscosity and temperature values recorded over the previously programmed storage time (as it is described in 8.6.1 Storage). Moreover, the number of samples of the analysis is displayed on the top of the plot. Furthermore, the represented time scale (in seconds/division) viscosity scale (mPa/division or cP/division) and temperature scale (ºC/division or F/division) appears on the bottom area of the plot. In addition, the maximum values recorded for both viscosity and temperature can be shown by pressing the the ‘’ key. Press the ‘’ key again to return to the visualization of the viscosity and temperature scales. It should be noted that when the temperature reaches the full scale value, of 300ºC, its plot is shown in solid red line. In most applications, where the temperature of the sample is far below the full scale value, this would indicate there is no temperature probe or it is not properly connected to the instrument.One more plot can be obtained in regular measurements: the viscosity and speed values recorded over the programmed storage time. Use the ‘’ and ‘’ keys to skip between plots. This plot shows similar to the following screen:

On this plot, the represented time scale (in seconds/division) viscosity scale (mPa/division or cP/division) and speed scale (r.p.m./division) appears on the bottom area of the plot. This second plot also gives the maximum values recorded for both viscosity and velocity, that can be shown by pressing the the ‘’ key. Press the ‘’ key again to return to the visualization of the viscosity and speed scales. It should be remarked that the viscosity values obtained when the torque overcomes 100% are plotted in solid red line in this chart.

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NOTE: The time required by the viscometer to show the plots depends on the number of samples in the recorded experiment. For relatively long experiments the viscometer can take some seconds to show the plot. During this processing time, the viscometer can not perform any other tasks and it does not react to any keystrokes.

For the MULTIESTEP analysis the viscometer offers the same plots as in the regular measurementsbutinthereverseorder.Itfirstshowstheviscosity/speed/timeplotand by pressing the ‘’ key or the ‘’ key the viscosity/temperature/time plot is displayed.

For the RAMP analysis the viscometer provides three graphicalrepresentations.Thefirstofthemisaplotonlyavailable for RAMP analysis. It will show a screen like this:

ThisplotisthefirsttoappearwhenconductingRAMPmeasurementsanditshowsthe viscosity values recorded with the speed values. The viscosity and speed scales are also given in the bottom area of the plot. It should be remarked that the viscosity values obtained when the torque overcomes 100% are plotted in solid red points in this chart.

From this screen, you can use the ‘’ and ‘’ keys to display the other two plots available for the RAMP analysis. Use the ‘’ key to show the viscosity/speed/time plotandthe‘∇’keytodisplaytheviscosity/temperature/timeplot.

The exit keys ‘MEM/CLEAR’ and the ‘’keycontinuetofulfiltheirtraditionalfunctions, bringing us to the main menu screens or the previous screen, respectively. With the ‘MEM/CLEAR’ key, the changes will go unsaved.

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Important Rheological Information

9. Important Rheological InformationTo obtain precise results it is necessary to know the most important rheological properties of the sample.Newtonian fluidsTheviscosityofthesefluidsdoesnotdependontheshearratemeaningthatatanyspeed the viscosity is the same. Only temperature affects the viscosity; changes of 1ºC can provoke a change in the viscosity of up to 10%.Non-Newtonian fluidsThe viscosity of this type of products changes with the speed variable. Due to this inconsistency, the term Apparent Viscosity is habitually used.Withintheclassificationyoucanfindtwodifferentgroups:

-Time-independentnon-Newtonianfluids-Time-dependentNewtonianfluids

Time-independent non-Newtonian fluidsTheviscosityofatime-independentnon-Newtonianfluiddependsonthetemperature and the speed gradient.

Pseudo plastic Fluids:The viscosity diminishes when the speed gradient increases. Practical examples: paints, shampoos, fruit juice concentrate, adhesives, polymers, grease, starch, etc.Dilatants-Fluids:The viscosity increases with the speed gradient.Practical examples: clay, sweets components, etc.Plastic Fluids:Thesefluidsonlystarttoflowafterhavingbeensubmittedtoacertainforce(shearing force). They behave like solids in static conditions.Practical example: Ketchup.

Time-dependent non-Newtonian fluids.Theviscosityoftime-dependentnon-Newtonianfluidsisdependentonthetemperature, on the speed gradient and on time.Thixotropic fluids:Inthesesubstancestheviscositydiminisheswithtimewhenthefluidissubjectedto a constant speed gradient. These substances tend to return to their previous viscosity once the speed gradient ceases to be applied.Practical examples: Many products in industrial food production (yogurt, etc.)Rheopectic fluids:Inthesefluids,theviscosityincreaseswithtimewhenthefluidissubjectedtoaconstant speed gradient. These substances tend to return to their previous viscosity oncethespeedgradientceasestobeapplied.Thesefluidsarenotverycommon.

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NOTE:Theturbulentbehaviourofafluidcanproducefalselyhighresultsin viscosity tests. Normally, turbulent behaviour is due to an excessivelyhigh rotation speed in relation to the viscosity of the sample(see detailed Warning further on).

FACTORS AFFECTING VISCOSITYThere are many variables that affect the rheological properties of products, so it is very important to take the following factors into account.TemperatureTemperature is one of the most obvious factors affecting rheological behaviour.It is essential to consider the effects of temperature on viscosity in the evaluation of materials that are subject to changes in temperature during its use or other processes. Some examples of this are motor oils, greases and adhesives.Shear RateWhenafluidissubjectedtovariationsinthespeedgradientduringitsprocessoruse, it is essential to know its viscosity at the projected speed gradients.Examples of materials, which are subjected to and affected by important variations in speed gradient during its process or use, are: paints, cosmetics, liquid latex, some food products such as ketchup and blood in the human circulatory system.Measurement conditionsThe measurement conditions of a material during its viscosity reading can have a considerable effect on the results of this measurement. Consequently, it is important to be careful and control the environment and conditions of any sample subjected to analysis. Variables such as the type of viscometer, the speed/spindle combination, the sample’s container, the absence or presence of a spindle protector, the temperature of the sample and the sample preparation techniques, etc, can affect not only the precision of the reading but also the real viscosity of the sample.TimeAgeing under the same speed gradient conditions affects thixotropic and rheopectic fluids.Insomefluidstheactionoftimecombinedwiththeproportionoftheshearis very complex. In these cases, one can observe, with time, a return to the original fluidstate.Previous conditionsThe conditions that the sample is subjected to before the viscosity reading can significantlyaffecttheresults,especiallywithheat-sensitivefluidsorageing.Thus, the storage condition and the sample preparation techniques should be conceived to minimize effects on the viscosity measurements.Composition and additivesA material’s composition is a determining factor in its viscosity. When the composition is altered, whether this is by changing substance proportions that compose it or adding other substances, important changes can be observed in their viscosity.For example, adding solvent to printing ink reduces the viscosity of the ink and other types of additives are used to control the rheological properties of paints.

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VISCOSITY MEASURING PROCEDURESData historyWe recommend documenting the following information each time you take a viscosity measurement:

- Model or type of viscometer- Spindle (and accessory)- Rotation speed- Sample container- Sample temperature- Sample preparation procedure (if existent)- Spindle protection use

The process is necessary in the event of comparison of results with other organizations, in the interest of being able to guarantee the possibility of reproduction of the results obtained.The spindle and its protectionExamine each spindle before using it. If it’s damaged or eroded in such a way that its dimensions are changed, it will provide false results for your viscosity reading.The spindle protector (provided with every BYK-Gardner rotational viscometer) protects the spindle and the viscometer axle and it is important for the reading of low viscosities with standard spindles. The protector should always be used. In the event that it is not used, its absence must be reported in the measurement procedure notes. The protector isn’t used with most of the accessories.Speed selection and spindleIf there is no described work procedure, the best method for the selection of the spindleforeachspeedis“trialanderror”.Theobjectiveisatorquereadingbetween15 and 95%, according to the type of product in question and a percentage higher than50%isrecommendable.Ifyouknowthefluid’sapproximateviscosity,thequickest spindle/speed selection method is referring to the tables of maximum approximate viscosity. When you do tests at different speeds, you should select a spindle with which all of the speeds show a torque reading of between 15 and 95%

GENERALLY:RPMINCREMENT==>READINGPRECISIONINCREMENTSPINDLESIZE-REDUCTION==>READINGPRECISIONINCREMENT(Exceptforthenon-Newtonianfluidsthatchangetheirviscosityvaluewhentherotationalspeedismodified.Inthesecaseswerecommendedmeasuringwithadetermined speed and using a comparison method.)Size of the sample containerFor measurements using the BYK-Gardner viscometer, we recommend working with containers with an interior diameter of 83 mm or more. The usual container is a 600 ml precipitation vase. If a smaller container is used, the viscosity values could be greater,especiallywithlow-viscosityfluids.

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Sample conditionsThe sample should be free of air bubbles.It should be exposed to a constant and uniform temperature. Before doing the viscosity readings, make sure that the spindle and its protection are the same temperature. Usually, thermostatic baths are used to maintain the sample at the desired temperature. The sample should have the properties of a homogeneous liquid; this means that it cannot have particles capable of being precipitated, deformed by the shear rate or decomposed into smaller particles. The measured substances shouldn’t be subject to chemical or physical changes during the measurement.Other essential conditionsExperiments in conditions in which turbulent behaviour can be encountered should beavoided.Theconditionshouldbethatofstationaryfluid.Accelerationsorretarding processes are excluded from the parameters of measurement.Spindle immersionThe standard spindle should be submerged to the halfway mark in the axle. An erroneous immersion can compromise the result of the viscosity measurement. With the disc spindles you should avoid the creation of air bubbles, which could remain under the disc. To this end you should insert the spindle laterally and smoothly and bring it over to the centre of the sample. Once it is there, attach it to the viscometer’s axle.Precision and RepetitionBYK-Gardnerviscometersguaranteeaprecisionof±1%fromthebottomofthe speed/spindlecombinationscaleandarepetitionof±0.2%.Theprecisionofthetemperaturemeasurementis±0.2ºC.Getting a viscosity readingBefore working with the viscometer you should make sure of the following points: The viscometer is properly fastened to the stick and level. Both spindle and speed are selected (read attentively the section about speed and spindle selection). The spindle is carefully placed and fastened. The instructions and necessary parameters for obtaining a viscosity reading have been carefully read in the user’s manual. Once the readings have been initiated, allow some time for stabilization, the length of which will be in function of the rotational speed during the measurement

IMPORTANT WARNING:When you wish to obtain viscosity reading with BYK-Gardner rotational viscometers, there are two considerations to take into account:

The obtained viscosity results must be between 15% and 100% of the torque range, for whichever spindle/rotational speed combination.Theviscosityreadingmustbeexecutedunderlaminarflowcondition,notturbulentflowconditions.

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Thefirstconsiderationislinkedtotheprecisionoftheinstruments.AlloftheBYK-Gardnerrotationalviscometersguaranteeaprecisionof(±)1%fromthebottomofany spindle/rotational speed combination scale. Working with less than 15% of the bottomofthescaleisnotrecommendedduetothatthepotential(±)1%errorintheviscosity is relatively big compared to the equipment reading.Thesecondconsiderationhastodowithfluidmechanics.Alloftherheologicalmeasurementsoffluidflowpropertiesmustbetakenunderlaminarflowconditions.Laminarflowiswhenallofthemovementsofthefluidparticlesareinsheets,directed by an external applied force.Theflowlinesrepresentspeedandfluidflowdirection.

Laminar flow:“straight”flowlines.Relativelyeasytopredict.Generallyslow.

Turbulent flow:“non-linear”flowlines.Impossibletopredicttheexactmovementofthefluid.Veryquick.

Forrotationalsystems,thismeansthatthefluid’smovementmustbecircumferential.Whentheinternalforcesofafluidendupbeingtoogreat,thefluidcanbecomeaturbulentflow,inthattheparticlesthatmakeitupbecomeunpredictable, making it impossible to analyse it with standard mathematical models. This turbulence creates a false reading which is a lot higher than the real one, without linear growth and totally unpredictable. For the following geometries, thesetransitionpointshavebeenfoundtobeapproximatetoturbulentflow:

1) Spindle L1: 15 cP to 60 rpm 2) Spindle R1: 100 cP to 50 rpm 3) Adaptor SSA: 0.85 cP to 60 rpm

Turbulentflowconditionswillalwaysexistintheseconditionsaslongasthe RPM/cP ratio exceeds the values listed above.

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Accessories

10 Accessories10.1. Low Viscosity Adapter (LVA) with Water JacketThe Low Viscosity Adapter does not come standard with the delivery. The Low ViscosityAdapterwithWaterJacketisshowninfigure1.This kit consists of a sample chamber, sample chamber container, mounting channel, two mounting screws, bottom stopper, upper stopper, hook and thread. This version is suitable for most general purpose applications, but there is another version without the water jacket mounted on the sample chamber container.The Figure 2 explains how to assemble all the pieces of the kit and attach them to the viscometer. In the picture every item is described, to request information about an item use this as a reference.Figure 3 shows the spindle that should be used with the Low Viscosity Adapter assembly.The Mounting Channel has two possible holes for the upper screw:

•Thetopholeisauniversalholetoattachourlowviscosityadaptertootherbrands of viscometers.

•Thebottomholeistoattachtobyko-viscviscometers.

Pivot Cup(Part of Viscometer) Mounting Channel

Mounting ScrewUpper Stopper

Sample ChamberContainer

Outlet Fitting

Circulation Jacket

Inlet Fitting

Sample Fitting

Bottom Stopper

Figure 2

Figure 1

Figure 3

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Accessories

Low Viscosity Adapter without Water Jacket (LVA/B)TheLowViscosityAdapterwithoutWaterJacketisshowninFigure4fullyassembled. The kit consists of a sample chamber container, mounting channel, two mounting screws, bottom stopper, upper stopper, hook and thread. This version is suitable for most general purpose applications. There is another version with the water jacket mounted on the sample chamber container (see previous page).The Figure 5 explains how to assemble all the pieces of the kit to the viscometer. In the picture every piece is described, to request information about a piece use this reference.Figure 3 (see previous page) shows the spindle that should be used with the Low Viscosity Adapter assembly.The piece named Mounting Channel has two possible holes for the upper screw:

•Thetopholeisauniversalholetoattachourlowviscosityadaptertootherbrands of viscometers.

•Thebottomholeistoattachtobyko-viscviscometers.

Figure 4

Figure 5

Pivot Cup (Part of Viscometer)Mounting Channel

Mounting ScrewUpper Stopper

Sample Chamber Container

Bottom Stopper

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Accessories

10.1.1 MountingThe mounting process is different depending on the types of low viscosity accessories (LVA and LVA/B). The difference between them only remains that the LVA hasathermostationjacket(J)andacontainer(K)andtheLVA/Bonlyincorporatesacontainer(K).TheLVAscrewsitsthermostationjacket(J)totheconnector(G),onthe other hand, the LVA/B screws the container directly to the connector (G). the LVA assembly is detailed here: •Unplugtheviscometer.•Attachtheextension(X)betweentheYshapedbase(A)andtherib(C).

Use a 19 mm adjustable spanner in order to fasten the nut (D).•Assembletheviscometeragainstartingwiththebase.Theextension(X)is

necessary because of the length of the LVA adapter. Without this extension the assemblyofthisaccessorywouldbedifficult,especiallytheassemblyofthespindle.

•Closethesamplecontainer(K)withthestopper(M).•Insertthecontainer(K)tothelowerpart,inthecirculationjacket(J)

by turning it gently.•Fastenthecirculationjacket(J)totheconnector(G).•Fillthesamplecontainerwitha20mlsyringeorlessandfillthe16mlsample

container.•Connectthehook(H)andthespindle(L)•Insertthespindle(L)inthecirculationjacket(Seethenote * below)•Fastentheconnector(G)totheholeinthebackoftheviscometer’smetallicbase.

(See the note ** below)•Screwitintotheviscometeraxlebyturningitclockwise.•Checkthelevelofthesample.Itshouldbeapproximatelyinthemiddleofthecone,

which is connected to the spindle connector (H). Fig. 11 shows more information about this.

•Placetheupperstopper(N)overthesamplecontainer.

*Important: The piece named G has two possible holes for the upper screw. The top hole is a Universal hole to attach our low viscosity adapter to other viscometers. The bottom hole is to attach BYK-Gardner pieces.**Important: Do this slowly since the spindle must be inserted correctly in the sample. When working with a more viscous sample be careful to avoid pulling the spindle upwards. Hold the spindle connector.

NOTE: Before starting measurements, make sure the viscometer is correctly balanced (check it with the bubble level). The spindle that should be selected is ‘LCP/SP’.

Fig. 11: Full LVA adapter.

Liquid Level

Spindle

Sample Container

E

AC

X

DFig. 10: Mounting the LVA adapter extension.

B

60

Accessories

10.1.2 Dismounting and cleaning•Unscrewthespindleoftheviscometeraxisandlowerthespindleslowlyinthe

sample container (K).•RemoveAdapter(G)frommetallicbase.•Placetheviscometerupright.Removetheupperstopper(N).•Removethespindlecarefully(L).•Unscrewthebottomstopper(M)andremovethecontainer(K)frombelowthethermostationjacket(J).

•Removethecontainer,washitorusecompressedair.Washthecirculationjackettoo if necessary.

•RemoveAdapter(G)fromthecirculationjacket.Important: Do not use any cleaner or tool that can damage the metallic surface. Make sure you only use liquids that agree with the LVA adapter material!Solventsthatcanbeused:water,ethanolorhighconcentrationsof alcohol. For other solvents, check the chemistry compatibility table.

10.1.3 Technical specification for LVA accessoriesMeasurements rank:•SampleL: 0.9*)until2000mPa.sorcP•SampleR: 3.2**)until21333mPa.sorcP*)Limitedbyturbulences**)Forthemeasurementsthatrepresent10%ofthebasescale

Sample volume: 16.0 mlShear rate factor for the LVA spindle:1.2236xRPM***)***)ShearrateiscalculatedbasedonthefeaturesofNewtonianliquids.

Temperature rank of the circulation jacket & thermo station conditions:•Temperaturerankallowed:-10a+100°C(14a212°F)•Useathermostationwashwithdemineralisedwaterorspecialrefrigerationliquid.Changethermostatliquidregularly.Recommendedflow:15l/min.

Materials:•Themetallicpartsaremadeofstainlesssteel;thestoppersaremadeofblack

delrin plastic. The parts that come into contact with the sample (sample container and spindle) are made of AISI 316 and are suitable for the food industry.

•Thestopperinteriorwasherismadewithblackdelrin.Itisdesignedtowithstandamaximum temperature of 100ºC (212 ºF)

•Thecirculationjacketismadeofacetylanddelrin.•TheO-ringontheplasticstopper(M)oftheLVAAdapterismadeofdelrin.

The softening point is 110 °C (230 °F).

61

Accessories

10.2. Small Sample Adapter (SSA and SSA/B)NOTE: Small sample adapters (SSA and SSA/B) do not belong to thestandard delivery. Any of these two versions (with or without thermo station jacket) must be ordered as an additional accessory. SSA and SSA/B

accessory are not supplied with a spindle. Special spindles (TL or TR) are used according to the viscometer sample (L, R or H).Small sample adapters allow more precise measurements than the standard spindles. The measurement rank of a viscometer can get lower viscosity levels.Thanks to its known cylindrical geometry shape, it is possible to get Shear Rate and Shear Stress determinations. Only a small quantity of the sample is needed.

10.2.1 AssemblyNOTE: The mounting process is different according to the types of lowviscosity accessories (SSA and SSA/B). The difference between them isthattheSSAhasathermostationjacket(J)andacontainer(K)andthe

SSA/Bonlyincorporatesacontainer(K).TheSSAscrewsitsthermostationjacket(J)to the connector (G), on the other hand, the SSA/B screws the container directly to the connector (G). Details for assembling the SSA:

Fig. 12 SSA accessory parts Fig. 13 SSA Set

Washer

Spindle set TR

Spindle set TL

62

Accessories

•Unplugtheviscometer.•AttachtheYshapedbase(A)totherib(C).Usea19mmadjustablespannerin order to fasten the nut (D). •Closethesamplecontainer(K)withthestopper(M).•Insertthecontainer(K)tothelowerpart,inthecirculationjacket(J)

by turning it gently.•Fastenthecirculationjacket(J)totheconnector(G)•Fillthesamplecontainerwitha20mlsyringeorlessandfillthesamplecontainer

according to the spindle selected (see section 10.2.3).•Connectthehook(H)andthespindle(L)•Insertthespindle(L)inthecirculationjacket(Seethenote * below)•Fastentheconnector(G)totheholeinthebackoftheviscometer’smetallicbase

(See the note ** below)•Screwitwiththeviscometeraxlebyturningitclockwise.•Checkthelevelofthesample.Itshouldbeapproximatelyinthemiddleofthecone,

which is connected to the spindle connector (H). Figure 15 shows more information about this.

•Placetheupperstopper(N)overthesamplecontainer.*Important: Do this slowly since the spindle must be inserted correctly in the sample. When working with a more viscous sample be careful to avoid pulling the spindle upwards. Hold the spindle connector.**Important: The piece named G has two possible holes for the upper screw. The top hole is a Universal hole to attach our small sample adapter to other viscometers. The bottom hole is to attach BYK-Gardner pieces.

NOTE: Before starting with the measurements, make sure the viscometer is correctly balanced (check it with the bubble level). The Spindle you have to select is TL or TR in function of the model of viscometer (L. R or H).

Fig. 15: Full SSA adapter.

Liquid Level

Spindle

Sample Container

E

C

A

BD

Fig. 14: Mounting the SSA adapter expansion

63

Accessories

10.2.2 Dismounting and Cleaning•Unscrewthespindleoftheviscometeraxisandlowerthespindleslowlyinthe

sample container (K).•RemoveAdapter(G)frommetallicbase.•Placetheviscometerupright.Removetheupperstopper(N).•Removethespindlecarefully(L).•Unscrewthebottomstopper(M)andremovethecontainer(K)frombelowthethermostationjacket(J).

•Removethecontainer,washitorusecompressedair.Washthecirculationjackettoo if necessary.

•RemoveAdapter(G)fromthecirculationjacket.Important: Do not use any cleaner or tool that can damage the metallic surface. Make sure you only use liquids that agree with the SSA adapter material!Solventsthatcanbeused:water,ethanolorhighconcentrationsof alcohol. For other solvents, check the chemistry compatibility table.

10.2.3 Technical specifications of SSA and SSA/BMeasurement rank:SampleL: 1.5*)until200000mPa.sSampleR: 25*)until3300000mPa.sSampleH: 0.2*)until26660Pa.s*)Measurementrepresents10%ofthefullscale.

Spindles features and SSA filling:•LSample&TLspindles

Spindle Shear rate [ s-1 ] *) Sample volume [ ml ]

TL5 1.32 x RPM 6.7

TL6 0.34 x RPM 9.0

TL7 0.28 x RPM 9.4

•RsampleorH&TRspindles

Spindle Shear rate [ s-1 ] *) Sample volume [ ml ]

TR8 0.93 x RPM 7.1

TR9 0.34 x RPM 10.4

TR10 0.28 x RPM 11.0

TR11 0.25 x RPM 13.5*)ShearrateiscalculatedbasedonthefeaturesofNewtonianliquids.

64

Accessories

Temperature rank of circulation jacket and thermo station conditions:•Permittedtemperaturerank:-10a+100°C(14a212°F)•Useathermostaticbathwithdemineralisedwaterorrefrigerationspecialliquid.Changetheliquidinthebathregularly.Recommendedflow:15l/min.

Materials:•Themetallicpartsaremadeofstainlesssteel,thestoppersaremadeofplasticin

black Delrin. The parts in contact with the sample (sample container and spindle) are made of AISI 316 suitable for food industry.

•ThestopperinteriorwasherismadeinblackDelrin.Itisdesignedtogetamaximum temperature of 100ºC (212 ºF)

•ThecirculationjacketismadeofacetylandDelrin.•TheO-ringontheplasticstopper(M)oftheSSAAdapterismadeofDelrin.

The softening point is 110 °C (230 °F).

10.3 HELIO STAND UNITNOTE: The Helio stand does not come with the standard delivery. It can be ordered as an accessory. The unit is supplied complete with T-shaped spindles, in this case.

TheHeliostandaccessoryisusedwithsubstancesthatdonotflowbythemselves(like ice or pastas). Its motor moves the viscometer slowly in a vertical movement and at the same time the spindle makes the rotation movement. This generates a helicoidal movement that causes the T-shaped spindle to always be in contact with the sample.ThemeasurementsobtainedwithHeliostanddonotmeasureabsoluteviscosity!They are only comparative measurements with the same geometry as T-shaped spindles.

Fig. 16 Helio Stand Unit in its case

65

Accessories

1. Rib joint

2. Lower stop ring

3. Displacement command

4. Viscometer fastening bolt

5. Upper stopper ring

6. Helio fastening group

7. ON/OFF switch

8. Fastener

9. Base

10. Levelling knobs

11. Helio motor unit

12. Knobbed fastening rib

13. Functioning pilot

14. Nut bolt

15. Viscometer fastening rib9

10

1

26.5

6.4

6.1

6.26.3 3

4

8 5 12 14

7

13

15

11

12

10.3.1 Helio Stand unit mounting

Fig. 17 Helio unit set in the viscometer6.1 Spindle connector

6.2 Upper spindle receptor

6.3 Lower spindle receptor

6.4 Counterweight, spindle connector

6.5 Spindle

•Placethefastener(8)facingtheshortendoftheY-shapedbase(9).•Placethesafetyshell(1)overthefasteningrib(8)onthebaseoftheviscometer(9).•Placethelowerringinthefastener(8)asexplainedinthesketchandfastenitwith

the knobbed fastening rib (12).

66

Accessories

IMPORTANT: Do not fasten the stop rings to the fastening ribs (12) too tightly. They are plastic pieces and they can be damaged. Both stopper rings (upper and lower) look exactly the same and can be changed.

•PlacetheHelioStandmotor(11)inthefastener(8)whilepressingthedisplacementcommand (3).

•Connecttheupperstopringtothefastener(8)andfastenitwiththefasteningrib(12).•Inserttheviscometerbyplacingthefasteningrib(15)intheHeliobolt(4)and

fasten it with the nut bolt (14).•Balancetheviscometer–HelioStandsetwiththebalancingknobs(10).•FastentheT-shapedspindle(PAtoPFsamples)totheviscometer.Inorderto

choose the right one, look at the selection tables (T.3).- Screw the counterweight (6.4) in the lower part of the spindle receptor (6.3). - Insert the spindle receptor (6.5) between both upper and lower parts of the

spindle receptor (6.2 and 6.3). Do not separate these two parts.- Fasten the spindle and screw in the lower part of the receptor (6.3) until it is

completely fastened.IMPORTANT: Do not fasten the spindle tighter than necessary. There should always be a small hole between both parts of the receptor.

•Fastenthespindlereceptorandthespindletotheaxisoftheviscometer,byconnecting the thread.

•Placethesamplecontainerundertheviscometerandinsertthespindleintothesamplefluidbypressingthedisplacementbutton(3).

•Thestopperringslimittheverticalmovementofthespindle.Therefore,thesetworings must be fastened correctly and in their correct positions.

IMPORTANT:Placement of stopper rings as explained here:

•Upperring:thespindleshouldbekeptinthesamefluid•Lowerstopperring:Thespindlemustnottouchtheedgeofthecontainer.

If so, the viscometer’s axle can be damaged and the results can be wrong.•Oncetheringsarefastened,connecttheviscometerandtheHelioStandtothe

power point. Switch the viscometer on and insert the speed and the spindle, as always.

•SettheHelioStandunitonwiththeON/OFFswitch(7).Checkifthepilotison.Ifnot, check the main connection.

OPERATION:The Helio Stand unit (which moves helicoidally) is moved up and down between the two stopper rings.When the motor housing touches one of them, the unit changes direction.The Helio Stand unit will keep moving, until turned with the ON/OFF switch (7).

67

Tables

11. Model/Spindle correspondence tablesSTANDARD SPINDLES + R1 (TABLE 1):

VISCOMETERModel Spindle Model Spindle Model Spindle

byko-visc Premium L

L1

byko-visc Premium R

R1

byko-visc Premium H

R1L2 R2 R2L3 R3 R3L4 R4 R4

R5 R5R6 R6R7 R7

SPECIAL SPINDLES FOR SSA ADAPTER (Table 2):VISCOMETER

Model Spindle Model Spindle Model Spindle

byko-visc Premium L

TL5byko-visc

Premium R

TR8byko-visc

Premium H

TR8TL6 TR9 TR9TL7 TR10 TR10

TR11 TR11

SPECIAL HELIO SPINDLES (Table 3):VISCOMETER

Model Spindle Model Spindle Model Spindle

byko-visc Premium L

PA

byko-visc Premium R

PA

byko-visc Premium H

PAPB PB PBPC PC PCPD PD PDPE PE PEPF PF PF

SPECIAL SPINDLES FOR LVA ADAPTER (Table 4):VISCOMETER

Model Spindle Model Spindle Model Spindle byko-visc Premium L LCP byko-visc

Premium R LCP byko-visc Premium H

SPECIAL VANE SPINDLES (Table 5):VISCOMETER

Model Spindle Model Spindle Model Spindle

byko-visc Premium L

V71

byko-visc Premium R

V71

byko-visc Premium H

V71V72 V72 V72V73 V73 V73V74 V74 V74V75 V75 V75

68

Tables

12. Model/Spindle/Oil calibration tablesMODEL L (Table 6):

SPINDLE STANDARD OILL1 RT50L2 RT500L3 RT1000L4 RT5000

TL5 RT50TL6 RT500TL7 RT500LCP RT5

MODEL R (Table 7):SPINDLE STANDARD OIL

R1 RT50R2 RT500R3 RT500R4 RT1000R5 RT5000R6 RT5000R7 RT30000

TR8 RT500TR9 RT5000TR10 RT5000TR11 RT5000LCP RT50

MODEL H (Table 8):SPINDLE STANDARD OIL

R1 RT1000R2 RT5000R3 RT12500R4 RT12500R5 RT30000R6 RT100000R7 RT100000

TR8 RT5000TR9 RT12500TR10 RT3000TR11 RT60000

69

Tables

Table 9. byko-visc Premium L standard spindles selection Maximum guideline values in cP (mPa·s)

RPM / SP L1 L2 L3 L4

0.01 600K 3000K 12M 60M

0.3 20K 100K 400K 2000K

0.5 12K 60K 240K 1200K

0.6 10K 50K 200K 1000K

1 6K 30K 120K 600K

1.5 4K 20K 80K 400K

2 3K 15K 60K 300K

2.5 2.4K 12K 48K 240K

3 2K 10K 40K 200K

4 1.5K 7.5K 30K 150K

5 1.2K 6K 24K 120K

6 1K 5K 20K 100K

10 600 3K 12K 60K

12 500 2.5K 10K 50K

20 300 1.5K 6K 30K

30 200 1K 4K 20K

50 120 600 2.4K 12K

60 100 500 2K 10K

100 60 300 1.2K 6K

200 30 150 600 3K

250 24 120 480 2.4K

ATTENTION: K Indicates thousands. Example: 7,8K = 7.800M Indicates Millions Example: 1,56M = 1.560.000

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

70

Tables

Table 10. byko-visc Premium L special spindle selection Maximum guideline values in cP (mPa·s)

RPM/SP TL5 TL6 TL7

0.01 300K 3M 6M

0.3 10K 100K 200K

0.5 6K 60K 120K

0.6 5K 50K 100K

1 3K 30K 60K

1.5 2K 20K 40K

2 1.5K 15K 30K

2.5 1.2K 12K 24K

3 1K 10K 20K

4 750 7.5K 15K

5 600 6K 12K

6 500 5K 10K

10 300 3K 6K

12 250 2.5K 5K

20 150 1.5K 3K

30 100 1K 2K

50 60 600 1.2K

60 50 500 1K

100 30 300 600

200 15 150 300

250 13 125 250

ATTENTION: K Indicates thousands. Example: 7,8K = 7.800M Indicates Millions Example: 1,56M = 1.560.000

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

71

Tables

Table 11. LVA Adaptor for byko-visc Premium L Maximum guideline values in cP (mPa·s)

RPM cP

0.01 60000.00

0.3 2000.00

0.5 1200.00

0.6 1000.00

1 600.00

1.5 400.00

2 300.00

2.5 240.00

3 200.00

4 150.00

5 120.00

6 100.00

10 60.00

12 50,00

20 30.00

30 20.00

50 12.00

60 10.00

100 6.00

200 3.00

250 2.40

ATTENTION: Sample Volume = 16 ml.Shear Rate = 1,2236·rpm

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

72

Tables

Table 12. byko-visc Premium R standard spindle selection Maximum guideline values in cP (mPa·s)

RPM/SP R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7

0.01 1M 4M 10M 20M 40M 100M 400M

0.3 33.3K 133.3K 333.3K 666.6K 1.3M 3.33M 13.3M

0.5 20K 80K 200K 400K 800K 2M 8M

0.6 16.6K 66.6K 166.6K 333.3K 666.6K 1.6M 6.6M

1 10K 40K 100K 200K 400K 1M 4M

1.5 6.6K 26.6K 66.6K 133.3K 266.6K 666.6K 2.6M

2 5K 20K 50K 100K 200K 500K 2M

2.5 4K 16K 40K 80K 160K 400K 1.6M

3 3.3K 13.3K 33.3K 66.6K 133.3K 333.3K 1.3M

4 2.5K 10K 25K 50K 100K 250K 1M

5 2K 8K 20K 40K 80K 200K 800K

6 1.6K 6.6K 16.6K 33.3K 66.6K 166.6K 666.6K

10 1K 4K 10K 20K 40K 100K 400K

12 833 3.3K 8.3K 16.6K 33.3K 83.3K 333.3K

20 500 2K 5K 10K 20K 50K 200K

30 333 1.3K 3.3K 6.6K 13.3K 33.3K 133.3K

50 200 800 2K 4K 8K 20K 80K

60 166 660 1.6K 3.3K 6.6K 16.6K 66.6K

100 100 400 1K 2K 4K 10K 40K

200 50 200 500 1K 2K 5K 20K

250 40 160 400 800 1,6K 4K 16K

ATTENTION: K Indicates thousands. Example: 7,8K = 7.800M Indicates Millions Example: 1,56M = 1.560.000

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

73

Tables

Table 13. byko-visc Premium R Special spindle selectionMaximum guideline values in cP (mPa·s)

RPM/SP TR8 TR9 TR10 TR11

0.01 5M 25M 50M 100M

0.3 166.6K 833.3K 1.6M 3.3M

0.5 100K 500K 1M 2M

0.6 83.3K 416.6K 833.3K 1.6M

1 50K 250K 500K 1M

1.5 33.3K 166.6K 333.3K 666.6K

2 25K 125K 250K 500K

2.5 20K 100K 200K 400K

3 16.6K 83.3K 166.6K 333.3K

4 12,5K 62,5K 125K 250K

5 10K 50K 100K 200K

6 8.3K 41.6K 83.3K 166.6K

10 5K 25K 50K 100K

12 4.16K 20.83K 41.6K 83.3K

20 2.5K 12,5K 25K 50K

30 1.6K 8.3K 16.6K 33.3K

50 1K 5K 10K 20K

60 833.3 4.16K 8.3K 16.6K

100 500 2.5K 5K 10K

200 250 1.25K 2.5K 5K

250 200 1K 2K 4K

ATTENTION: K Indicates thousands. Example: 7,8K = 7.800M Indicates Millions Example: 1,56M = 1.560.000

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

74

Tables

Table 14. LVA Adaptor for byko-visc Premium RMaximum guideline values in cP (mPa·s)

RPM cP

0.01 640000.00

0.3 21333.00

0.5 12800.00

0.6 10666.00

1 6400.00

1.5 4266.00

2 3200.00

2.5 2560.00

3 2133.00

4 1600.00

5 1280.00

6 1066.00

10 640.00

12 533.00

20 320.00

30 213.00

50 128.00

60 106.00

100 64.00

200 32.00

250 27.00

ATTENTION: Sample Volume = 16 ml.Shear Rate = 1,2236·rpm

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

75

Tables

Table 15. byko-visc Premium H Standard spindle selection Maximum value guidelines, in units of poise

RPM/SP R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7

0.01 80K 320K 800K 1.6M 3.2M 8M 32M

0.3 2.6K 10.6K 26.6K 53.3K 106.6K 266.6K 1.06M

0.5 1.6K 6.4K 16K 32K 64K 160K 640K

0.6 1.3K 5.3K 13.3K 26.6K 53.3K 133.3K 533.3K

1 800 3.2K 8K 16K 32K 80K 320K

1.5 533.3 2133 5.3K 10.6K 21.3K 53.3K 213.3K

2 400 1.6K 4K 8K 16K 40K 160K

2.5 320 1.28K 3.2K 6.4K 12.8K 32K 128K

3 266.6 1066 2.6K 5.3K 10.6K 26.6K 106.6K

4 200 800 2K 4K 8K 20K 80K

5 160 640 1.6K 3.2K 6.4K 16K 64K

6 133.3 533.3 1.3K 2.6K 5.3K 13.3K 53.3K

10 80 320 800 1.6K 3.2K 8K 32K

12 66.6 266.6 666 1.3K 2.6K 6.6K 26.6K

20 40 160 400 800 1.6K 4K 16K

30 26.6 106.6 266 533 1066 2.6K 10.6K

50 16 64 160 320 640 1.6K 6.4K

60 13.3 53.3 133.3 266.6 533 1.3K 5.3K

100 8 32 80 160 320 800 3.2K

200 4 16 40 80 160 400 1.6k

250 3.2 13 32 64 128 320 1.3K

ATTENTION: K Indicates thousands. Example: 7,8K = 7.800M Indicates Millions Example: 1,56M = 1.560.000

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

76

Tables

Table 16. byko-visc Premium H special spindle selectionMaximum value guidelines, in units of poise

RPM/SP TR8 TR9 TR10 TR11

0.01 400K 2M 4M 8M

0.3 13.6K 66.6K 133.3K 266.6K

0.5 8K 40K 80K 160k

0.6 6.6K 33.3K 66.6K 133.3K

1 4K 20K 40K 80K

1.5 2.6K 13.3K 26.6K 53.3K

2 2K 10K 20K 40K

2.5 1.6K 8K 16K 32K

3 1.3K 6.6K 13.3K 26.6K

4 1K 5K 10K 20K

5 800 4K 8K 16K

6 666 3.30K 6.6K 13.3K

10 400 2K 4K 8K

12 333 1.6 3.3K 6.6K

20 200 1K 2K 4K

30 133 666 1.3K 2.6K

50 80 400 800 1.6K

60 66 333 666 1.3K

100 40 200 400 800

200 20 100 200 400

250 16 80 160 320

ATTENTION: K Indicates thousands. Example: 7,8K = 7.800M Indicates Millions Example: 1,56M = 1.560.000

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

77

Tables

Table 17. HELIO special spindle selection for byko-visc Premium LMaximum guideline values in cP (mPa·s)

RPM/SP PA PB PC PD PE PF

0.3 62.4K 124.8K 312K 624K 1.56M 3.12M

0.5 37.44K 74.88K 187.2K 374.4K 936K 1.872M

0.6 31.2K 62.4K 156K 312K 780K 1M

1 18.72K 37.44K 93.6K 187.2K 468K 936K

1.5 12.48K 24.96K 62.4K 124.8K 312K 624K

2 9.36K 18.72K 46.8K 93.6K 234K 468K

2.5 7.488K 14.976K 37.44K 74.88K 187.2K 374.4K

3 6.24K 12.48K 31.2K 62.4K 156K 312K

4 4.68K 9.36K 23.4K 46.8K 117K 234K

5 3.744K 7.488K 18.72K 37.44K 93.6K 187.2K

6 3.120K 6.24K 15.6K 31.2K 78K 156K

10 1.872K 3.744K 9.36K 18.72K 46.8K 93.6K

12 1.560K 3.12K 7.8K 15.6K 39K 78K

ATTENTION: K Indicates thousands. Example: 7,8K = 7.800M Indicates Millions Example: 1,56M = 1.560.000

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

78

Tables

Table 18. HELIO special spindle selection for byko-visc Premium RMaximum guideline values in cP (mPa·s)

RPM/SP PA PB PC PD PE PF

0.01 20M 40M 100M 200M 500M 1000M

0.3 666.6K 1.3M 3.3M 6.6M 16.6M 33.3M

0.5 400K 800K 2M 4M 10M 20M

0.6 333.3K 666.6K 1.6M 3.3M 8.3M 16.6M

1 200K 400K 1M 2M 5M 10M

1.5 133.3K 266.6K 666.6K 1.3M 3.3M 6.6M

2 100K 200K 500K 1M 2.5M 5M

2.5 80K 160K 400K 800K 2M 4M

3 66.6K 133.3K 333.3K 666.6K 1.6M 3.3M

4 50K 100K 250K 500K 1.25M 2.5M

5 40K 80K 200K 400K 1M 2M

6 33.3K 66.6K 166.6K 333.3K 833.3K 1.6M

10 20K 40K 100K 200K 500K 1M

12 16.6K 33.3K 83.3K 166.6K 416.6K 833.2K

ATTENTION: K Indicates thousands. Example: 7,8K = 7.800M Indicates Millions Example: 1,56M = 1.560.000

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

79

Tables

Table 19. HELIO special spindle selection for byko-visc Premium HMaximum guideline values in poise

RPM/SP PA PB PC PD PE PF

0.01 1.6M 3.2M 8M 16M 40M 80M

0.3 53.3K 106K 266.6K 533.3K 1.3M 2.6M

0.5 32K 64K 160K 320K 800K 1.6M

0.6 26.6K 53.3K 133.3K 266.6K 666.6K 1.3M

1 16K 32K 80K 160K 400K 800K

1.5 10.6K 21.3K 53.3K 106K 266.6K 533.3K

2 8K 16K 40K 80K 200K 400K

2.5 6.4K 12.8K 32K 64K 160K 380K

3 5.3K 10.6K 26.6K 53.3K 133.3K 266.6K

4 4K 8K 20K 40K 100K 200K

5 3.2K 6.4K 16K 32K 80K 160K

6 2.6K 5.3K 13.3K 26.6K 66.6K 133.3K

10 1.6K 3.2K 8K 16K 40K 80K

12 1.3K 2.6K 6.6K 13.3K 33.3K 66.6K

ATTENTION: K Indicates thousands. Example: 7,8K = 7.800M Indicates Millions Example: 1,56M = 1.560.000

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

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Table 20. VANE special spindle selection for byko-visc Premium LMaximum guideline values in cP (mPa·s)

RPM/SP V71 V72 V73 V74 V75

0.01 245K 1.04M 5.01M 50.8M 21.6M

0.3 8.18K 34.6K 167K 1.69M 721K

0.5 4.91K 20.8K 100K 1.01M 433K

0.6 4.09K 17.3K 83.5K 848K 360K

1 2.45K 10.4K 50.1K 508K 216K

1.5 1.63K 6.93K 33.4K 339K 144K

2 1.22K 5.20K 25.0K 254K 108K

2.5 982.2 4.16K 20.0K 203K 86.6K

3 818.5 3.46K 16.7K 169K 72.1K

4 613.9 2.60K 12.5K 127K 54.1K

5 491.1 2.08K 10.0K 101K 43.3K

6 409.2 1.73K 8.35K 84.8K 36.0K

10 245.5 1.04K 5.01K 50.8K 21.6K

12 204.6 867.0 4.17K 42.4K 18.0K

20 122.7 520.2 2.50K 25.4K 10.8K

30 81.85 346.8 1.67K 16.9K 7.21K

50 49.11 208.0 1.00K 10.1K 4.33K

60 40.92 173.4 835.7 8.48K 3.60K

100 24.55 104.0 501.4 5.08K 2.16K

200 12.27 52.02 250.7 2.54K 1.08K

ATTENTION: K Indicates thousands. Example: 7,8K = 7.800M Indicates Millions Example: 1,56M = 1.560.000

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

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Table 21. VANE special spindle selection for byko-visc Premium RMaximum guideline values in cP (mPa·s)

RPM/SP V71 V72 V73 V74 V75

0.01 2.6M 11.1M 53.5M 543M 231M

0.3 87.3K 370K 1.78M 18.1M 7.69M

0.5 52.3K 222K 1.07M 10.8M 4.62M

0.6 43.6K 185K 891K 9.05M 3.84M

1 26.1K 111K 535K 5.43M 2.31M

1.5 17.4K 74.0K 356K 3.62M 1.54M

2 13.0K 55.5K 267K 2.71M 1.15M

2.5 10.4K 44.4K 214K 2.17M 924K

3 8.73K 37.0K 178K 1.81M 770K

4 6.54K 27.7K 133K 1.35M 577K

5 5.24K 22.2K 107K 1.08M 462K

6 4.36K 18.5K 89.1K 905K 385K

10 2.62K 11.1K 53.5K 543K 231K

12 2.18K 9.25K 44.5K 452K 192K

20 1.31K 5.55K 26.7K 271K 115K

30 873.3 3.70K 17.8K 181K 77.0K

50 524.0 2.22K 10.7K 108K 46.2K

60 436.6 1.85K 8.91K 90.5K 38.5K

100 262.0 1.11K 5.35K 54.3K 23.1K

200 131.0 555.0 2.67K 27.1K 11.5K

ATTENTION: K Indicates thousands. Example: 7,8K = 7.800M Indicates Millions Example: 1,56M = 1.560.000

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

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Table 22. VANE special spindle selection for byko-visc Premium HMaximum guideline values in cP (mPa·s)

RPM/SP V71 V72 V73 V74 V75

0.01 209K 888K 4.28M 43.4M 18.4M

0.3 6.98K 29.6K 142K 1.44M 615K

0.5 4.19K 17.7K 85.6K 868K 369K

0.6 3.49K 14.8K 71.3K 724K 307K

1 2.09K 8.88K 42.8K 434K 184K

1.5 1.39K 5.92K 28.5K 289K 123K

2 1.04K 4.44K 21.4K 217K 92.4K

2.5 838 3.55K 17.1K 173K 73.9K

3 698 2.96K 14.2K 144K 61.6K

4 523 2.22K 10.7K 108K 46.2K

5 419 1.77K 8.56K 86.8K 36.9K

6 349 1.48K 7.13K 72.4K 30.8K

10 209 888 4.28K 43.4K 18.4K

12 174 740 3.56K 36.2K 15.4K

20 104 444 2.14K 21.7K 9.24K

30 69.8 296 1.42K 14.4K 6.16K

50 41.9 177 856 8.68K 3.69K

60 34.9 148 713 7.24K 3.08K

100 20.9 88.8 428 4.34K 1.84K

200 10.4 44.4 214 2.17K 924

ATTENTION: K Indicates thousands. Example: 7,8K = 7.800M Indicates Millions Example: 1,56M = 1.560.000

NOTE: It is not recommended to work with viscosity values of less than 15% of the lower part of the selected scale.

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Appendix A: Wireless Datalogger configurationThisAppendixaimstoexplainandguidetheuserthroughtheconfigurationoftheFTP system incorporated in this viscometer model. In order to use this feature, it is required to have an FTP server ready to be accessed. Additionally, it is necessary to have a USB connection between the viscometer (in BYK-Gardner Byko-visc Softwaremode)andacomputerinordertoconfigurethedifferentparametersofthewireless connection.

A.1.-Wireless ParametersThewirelesscapabilitiesrequiretheconfigurationofseveralparameters.Theseparameters are required to connect the viscometer to the wireless network, contact the FTP server and upload the datalog saved in its memory.The required parameters are presented below. Some are optional depending on the conditionsdefinedbythewirelessnetwork.Thisisindicatedwithan‘[o]’aftertheparameter and a little explanation in italics after the description. Moreover, a pyramid chart that represents these parameters in a hierarchical structure is shown in Fig.17.FTP PARAMETERS•ServerIPaddress:ThisparametersetstheIPvaluethatidentifiestheFTPserveron

the network.•Serverport:Thisparametersetstheportthroughwhichtheviscometeraccesses

the FTP server.•FTPfolder:ThisparametersetsthefolderfromtheFTProotdirectoryinwhichthefileisgoingtobesaved.Ifleftblank,thefileissavedinthe‘PUBLIC’folderoftheroot directory (/PUBLIC). An error screen appears if this folder cannot be found or it doesnotexist.Putadotcharacter(.)tosavethefileinthemainroot.

•FTPfile:ThisparametersetsthenameofthefiletobesavedintotheFTPserver.Thisnamemustalsocontainthefileextension(.csv/.txt).

•FTPusername:ThisparametersetstheuseroftheFTPserverthattheviscometerwill use to access it.

•FTPpassword:ThisparametersetstheuserpasswordforaccessingtheFTPserver.IP CONFIGURATION•Static/DynamicIPaddress:Disables/EnablestheDHCPforautomaticIPconfigurationinsidethewirelessnetwork.IncaseofStaticIPaddress,thefollowingfieldsmustbeimplemented:

-IPaddress[o]:ThisparametersetstheIPaddressthatidentifiestheViscometer inside the network. For the proper function of the communication, it is necessary to have a unique IP address for the Viscometer.

-Netmask[o]:ThisparametersetsthenetmaskthatdefinestheIPgroupsinside the network. The default value is usually 255.255.255.0.

-Gateway[o]:ThissetstheIPaddressofthegatewaythatmanagesthewireless network.

These three fields are not mandatory if the DHCP is enabled (dynamic IP address). Otherwise, these fields are required to ensure the proper working communication.

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WIRELESS PARAMETERS•SSID:thisparameterssettheSSID(identificationname)ofthewirelessnetworkin

which the viscometer has to link.•Channel[o]:Thissetsthechannelinwhichthewirelessnetworkislocated.The

default value is 0, which enables the automatic detection of the channels of communication.

This parameter should not be changed from the default state unless it is required.

SECURITY PARAMETERSThese parameters are only required depending on the security conditions of the wireless network. •WEPkey[o]:TheseparameterssettheWEPsecuritykeytoaccessthewireless

network. This key cannot be longer than 32 characters.•WEPnumber[o]:ThisparametersetstheWEPkeynumberofthelistconfigured.These parameters should only be implemented if the wireless security is using WEP

encryption.•WPApassphrase[o]:TheseparameterssettheWPA/WPA2securitypassphraseto

access the wireless network. The maximum possible length of the passphrase is 50 characters.

These parameters should only be implemented if the wireless security is using WPA encryption.

Fig. 17 Pyramid chart that represents the wireless parameters in a hierarchical structure

NOTE: It is strongly recommended to connect the viscometer to WiFi networks that use the WPA2 security protocol

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A.2.- Wireless configuration application (WiFi-Config)A.2.1.- WiFi-Config application installation•InserttheWiFi-Configinstallationdisk(CD-ROM)ortheUSBPendriveintothe

appropriate drive of your computer.•Waitforthesetupapplicationtobeloaded.Ifthesetupapplicationdoesnotappear,usethewindowsexplorertolocatethesetup.exefileintheappropriatedriveandlaunch it.

•Oncethesetupapplicationhasstarted,followtheon-screenpromptstocompletethe installation.

TheWiFi-ConfigrequiresadditionalsoftwarethatcanbedownloadedfromtheMicrosoft website at no extra cost. This software is the Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package, which has to be installed manually. It can be downloaded from the Microsoft website through the following links.Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package for 32-Bit x86 operating systems:http://www.microsoft.com/es-es/download/details.aspx?id=5555Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package for x64 Edition operating systems:http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=14632

NOTE: The Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package must be properlyinstalledinordertoruntheWiFi-Configapplication.Otherwisethe USB communication between the computer and the viscometer will notworkcorrectlyandtheWiFi-Configappwillnotrun.

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A.2.2.- Application InterfaceTheapplicationinterfaceforconfiguringtheviscometer’sFTPsettingsisthefollowing one:

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To use the application, you must establish communication with the viscometer. This is done by using the ‘Connect’ button in the state group. If the status doesn’t change to connected, verify that the USB connection cable is properly placed and the viscometer is already set into ‘BYKO-VISC SOFTWARE/WIFI CONFIG’ mode.Afterwardsofreceivinga“Connected”messageintheApplicationinterface,wecaninteractwithviscometerandthefieldsintwoways:•Sendbutton:Thisbuttonsendstheinformationofthefieldsenteredbytheusertotheviscometer.Thischangestheconfigurationstoredtothenewonesentbytheapplication.

•Receivebutton:Thisbuttonreadstheconfigurationstoredintheviscometermemory and loads it into the application. This information appears on the correspondingfield.

After setting all the parameters mentioned in the previous section, the viscometer can be disconnected from the computer. The viscometer should be ready now to perform the FTP upload, as long as it is within the reach of the wireless network.

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A.3- Using the Wireless CommunicationForuploadingthemeasurementsmadebytheviscometer,youmustfirstconfigurethestorageoptions(seeSection8.6.1)underthedesiredspecificationsandperformany experiment you wish to upload.

Onceitisfinished,youmustgointothe‘OPTIONS’->’COMUNICATIONS’andselect‘WIFI’tostartthefiletransfer. During this process, the viscometer will present a standby menu on the display:

Thiswillremainuntilitcompletesofthefiletransfer.Iftheprocesshasbeensuccessful,thefileshouldappearontheFTPserverpresentingtheexperimentaldata and then the viscometer will return to the main menu.

In case of error, the instrument will show the following screen:

Under this condition, please make sure the parameters are properly selected and thatthewirelessnetworkandtheFTPserverareproperlyconfiguredtoenablethefiletransferandexecutethedownloadagain.

NOTE: For some particular WiFi network conditions, such as temporary overloading, some loss of data may result during the download. This wouldleadtodownloadedfileswithmissedrecordings.Thisissuecanbesolved downloading again the experiment stored in the memory of the viscometer, at any time before saving a new experiment.

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Appendix B: byko-visc SoftwareB.1.- IntroductionB.1.1.- About BYK-Gardner byko-visc SOFTWAREViscometer byko-visc Premium can be controlled remotely using the BYK-Gardner byko-visc Software. This software allows the documentation of each experiment with a name, date, number, user, notes, etc., which is essential for performing follow-up experiments. The possibility of programming the viscometer for simple measurements,rampsandotherconfigurabletestsisanimportanttoolforthestudyof different materials’ behaviour.The BYK-Gardner software has three basic functions: it controls the execution of the experiment, the storage of the results obtained and the analysis of the tests carried out.

Experiment execution:• Test-runanddatabaserecordopening• Viscometercontrol;stoppingandstarting• Viscositysampletest• Real-timegraphicpresentationofresults

Data Storage:• Storeresultsfromexperiment• Verifiesobtainedresults• Organizesdatabasewithadditionalinformation

Data consultation and analysis:• Clearpresentationofdata• Multipleconsultingchoices• 12differentpossiblegraphics• Differenttypesoflistingmethodscanbeacquiredfromotherapplications

B.1.2- System requirementsThe following system requirements must be met in order for BYK-Gardner byko-visc Software byko-visc Premium software to operate properly. Operatingsystem WindowsXP,WindowsVista,Windows7, Windows 8 (supported 32bits and 64bits versions)RAM 32 MB minimum; at least 64 MB recommended (used by the software)

Hard drive space 10 MB Mouse Required USB Port Required

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B.1.3- Registering BYK-Gardner byko-visc SoftwareThe software needs to be registered in order to perform new experiments. In order to register the software, it is needed an authorization code that can be obtained from BYK-Gardner.Please have the following information available when contacting BYK-Gardner so that they may assist you.Product modelProduct Serial Number

B.1.4- Contacting BYK-GardnerYou can contact us at http://www.byk.com/instruments

B.2.- Getting started

B.2.1- Software installation• InserttheBYK-GardnerSoftwareinstallationdisk(CD-ROM)ortheUSB

Pendrive into the appropriate drive of your computer.• Waitforthesetupapplicationtobeloaded.Ifthesetupapplicationdoesnotappear,usethewindowsexplorertolocatethesetup.exefileintheappropriate drive and launch it.

• Oncethesetupapplicationhasstarted,followtheon-screenpromptstocomplete the installation.

The BYK-Gardner Software requires some additional software that can be downloaded from the Microsoft website at no extra cost. On one hand, the Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 and the Windows Installer 3.1 are automatically installed by the BYK-Gardner Software installer if they are not detected in the computer where it is being installed. On the other hand, the Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package has to be installed manually. It can be downloaded from the Microsoft website through the following links.Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package for 32-Bit x86 operating systems:http://www.microsoft.com/es-es/download/details.aspx?id=5555Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package for x64 Edition operating systems:http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=14632

Note: The Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 Redistributable Package must be properly installed in order to run the BYK-Gardner Software application. Otherwise the USB communication between the computer and the viscometer will not work correctly and the BYK-Gardner Software app will not run.

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B.2.2- Viscometer installationInthissimpleguideyouwillfindstep-by-steptheinstructionsforproperlyinstallingthe BYK-Gardner measurement device.1) Be sure that the viscometer is working in the remote mode. In this case, the text ‚REMOTE CONTROL WITH byko-visc Software‘ appears on the screen of the viscometer. More information about the remote mode can be found in Section 8.6.2 (Communications) of this User Manual. Important: PC is not able to connect to Viscometer if is not working in „REMOTE CONTROL WITH BVS‘ mode.

2) Connect the viscometer to the computer with a USB to USB cable (male A-type to male A-type) such as the one provided with the viscometer. A few seconds later a message on your Desktop will appear. It not necessary to install aspecificdriverbecausetheviscometer is detected as Human InterfaceDevice(HID).Toconfirmthat the PC is correctly connected to viscometer, you can access to the Device Manager:

Look at HID; note a new device named HID-Compliant Device is showed. If you have some HID-Compliant Devices, you can see the VID and PID of the device. The VID and PID corresponding to byko-visc Premium are 04D8 and F56D.

If a problem occurs during the installation process, uninstall the driver from Control Panel, restart the computer and repeat the steps explained in this Appendix.

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B.2.3- Starting BYK-Gardner byko-visc SoftwareLocate and select BYK-Gardner byko-visc Software icon within BYK-Gardner program group. BYK-Gardner byko-visc Software will be loaded and the Login Window will appear.Runningforfirsttime:Thefirsttimeyourunthesoftwarethereisonlyausercreatedinthedatabase.The login details are username: admin password: 1234

It is strongly recommended to change the password as soon as possible.Be sure that the viscometer is working in the remote mode. In this case, the text ‘REMOTE CONTROL WITH BVS’ appears on the screen of the viscometer. More information about the remote mode can be found in Section 8.6.2 (Communications) of this User Manual.

B.3.- Using BYK-Gardner byko-visc Software

B.3.1- Login WindowThe Login Window is used to authenticate the user that is going to use the software.

B.3.2- Main WindowThe Main Window displays the data of the current experiment.

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B.3.3- Plot WindowThe Plot Window displays a graphical representation of the gathered data.

Additional informationTo select samples: • Rightclickontheplot.• Acontextualmenuwillbeloaded.ClickonSelectmode.• Clickontheplottodragaselectionrectangle.

To zoom: • Rightclickontheplot.• Acontextualmenuwillbeloaded.ClickonZoommode.• Clickontheplottodragazoomrectangle.

To view all samples: • Rightclickontheplot.• Acontextualmenuwillbeloaded.ClickonViewall.

To customize the plot: • Rightclickontheplot.• Acontextualmenuwillbeloaded.ClickonPlot->Customize....

To customize the samples: • Selectsomesamples.• Rightclickontheplot.• Acontextualmenuwillbeloaded.ClickonSamples->Customize....

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B.3.4 Samples Window

The Samples Window displays numerical information of each sample of the current experiment.Additional informationToexportsomesamplestoanExcelfile(xls):• Selectsomesamples(ifnothingisselected,allsamplesareexportedbydefault).• ClickontheExcelicon.• Astandardfilesavedialogwillbeloaded.TypethefilenameandclickonSave...ToexportsomesamplestoaTextfile(txt):• Selectsomesamples(ifnothingisselected,allsamplesareexportedbydefault).• ClickontheTexticon.• Astandardfilesavedialogwillbeloaded.TypethefilenameandclickonSave...

B.3.5 Comments WindowThe Comments Window can be used to enter a brief description of the experiment.

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B.3.6 New Experiment WindowThe New Experiment Window lets to design a new experiment. Typical usage: • Selectaspindle.• Selectanexperimenttype.• Configuretheexperimentparameters.• ClickAddtoqueuetoaddthecurrent

parameters to the experiment queue. • ClickStart...toprocesstheexperimentqueue.

Experiment types Step: A step experiment gathers samples at a constant velocity. In the previous example, the samples are taken with 20 rpm and 60 seconds.

Ramp: A ramp experiment gathers samples at a varying velocity. In the previous example, the samples are taken between 20 and 40 rpm along 60 seconds.

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B.3.7 Load Queue WindowTheLoadQueueWindowletstoloadapreviously saved experiment queue.

B.3.8 Open Experiment WindowThe Open Experiment Window lets to open a previously saved experiment.

B.3.9 Spindles WindowThe Spindles Window displays a numerical and graphical representation of the measurement range of the selected viscometer model and spindle.

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B.3.10 Math Models WindowThe Math models Window analyses the current experimentanddisplaystheconfidenceoffitforseveralequations.Theconfidenceoffitisameasureofhowwellthedatafitsthebestfitcurve for a particular equation with 0% for the worstfitand100%forthebestfit.

B.3.11 Password WindowThe Password Window lets to change the password of the current user.

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B.3.12 Users WindowThe Users Window lets to manage users.

NOTE: This window is only accessible to users with Administrator role.

Additional informationTo create a user: • ClickAdd....• OnceclickedtheEditUserWindowwillbeloaded.To remove an existing user: • Selecttheuserinthelist.• ClickRemove....To edit an existing user: • Doubleclicktheuserinthelist.• Oncedouble-clickedtheEditUserWindowwillbeloaded.

B.3.13 Edit User WindowThe Edit User Window lets to enter the username, password and role of a user.

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B.3.14 Logs WindowThe Logs Window keeps track of a number of significantoccurrencesinthesoftware.

NOTE: This window is only accessible to users with Administrator role.

Additional informationClear... This option lets to erase all log information. Export... This option lets to save all the log information to disk.

B.3.15 Generating PDF Report

You are able to generate a PDF report of the experiments that are showed in BYK-Gardner byko-visc Software. In the upper menu is showed and option named „Reports“whereyoucanfindthe„GeneratePDF“option.Then,afileexplorerisshowedtoselectthefoldertocreatethePDFfileandthenameofthefile.OncegeneratedthePDFreport,automaticallyisopenedwiththedefaultPDFfilereaderinstalled on the system.

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B.4.- Troubleshooting BYK-Gardner byko-visc Software

B.4.1- Logging failure. Authentication failedThe authentication failed error occurs when the softwarecan‘tfindauserwiththespecifiedpassword. Suggested solution: Check your username and password.

B.4.2- Connection errorThe connection error occurs when the software can‘t establish a connection with the viscometer.Suggested solution: Check the USB connection cable and/or restart the viscometer.

B.4.3- Database errorThe database error occurs when the software detects a problem with the database.Suggested solution: Restart the application and contact your software provider if the problem persists.

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