Manual Full Range Analyzer Standard

8/9/2019 Manual Full Range Analyzer Standard

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INSTALLATION

ANDINSTRUCTION

MANUAL

PHASE DYNAMICS, INC.

Full Range Water-Hydrocarbon Analyzer

January 13, 2003Document Number 0050-00000-000

Revision G

IMPORTANT NOTE

Your Phase Dynamics analyzer is a MATCHED SET of a measurement section and acomputer. For proper operation, the following ID numbers of measurement section andcomputer MUST BEused together. The serial number is typically located on the end ofthe measurement section opposite the explosion-proof housing. The computer ID islocated on the EPROM chip located on the processor board of the computer chassis.

The MATCHED SET of your analyzer is:

Measurement Section S/N: _________________________

EPROM ID: _________________________


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WARRANTY

This Phase Dynamics product is warranted against defects in material and workmanshipfor a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, PhaseDynamics will, at it's option, either repair or replace products which are defective.

For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to Phase Dynamics. Buyershall prepay shipping charges to Phase Dynamics and Phase Dynamics shall pay shippingcharges to return the product to the Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay ALL shippingcharges, duties, and taxes for products returned to (or from) Phase Dynamics from (or to) acountry other than the United States of America.

Phase Dynamics warrants that its software and firmware designated by Phase Dynamicsfor use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installedon that instrument. Phase Dynamics does not warrant that the operation of the instrument,or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free.

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequatemaintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modificationor misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, orimproper site preparation or maintenance.

EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES

The remedies provided herein are Buyer's sole and exclusive remedies. Phase Dynamicsshall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages,whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory.

This document is Revision G per Phase Dynamics Engineering Change Order Number165.


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Water-Hydrocarbon Analyzer

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PREFACE

SAFETY INFORMATION

THIS PRODUCT AND RELATED DOCUMENTATION MUST BE REVIEWED FORFAMILIARIZATION WITH SAFETY MARKINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE

OPERATION.

SAFETY LABELS

This product is provided with a protective earth terminal, located on the power input boardwhich is located under the front panel on the left side of the chassis.

BEFORE APPLYING POWER

Verify that the line voltage is appropriate for the analyzer and the correct fuse is installed.Refer to Installation section.

ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE

All of the printed circuit board assemblies of this system are susceptible to damage orfailure from electrostatic discharge (ESD).

WARNINGDenotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or the like, which,if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury. Do not

proceed beyond a WARNING sign until the indicated conditions are fullyunderstood and met.

CAUTION

Denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or thelike, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage toor destruction of part or all of the product. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION

sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.


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SAFETY EARTH GROUND

Any interruption of the protective grounding conductor (inside or outside the instrument) ordisconnecting the protective earth terminal will cause a potential shock hazard that couldresult in personal injury.

Whenever it is likely that the protection has been impaired, the instrument must be madeinoperative and be secured against any unintended operation.

If this instrument is to be energized via an autotransformer (for voltage reduction), makesure the common terminal is connected to the earthed pole terminal (neutral) of the powersource.

Instructions for adjustments while covers are removed and for servicing are for use byservice-trained personnel only. To avoid dangerous electrical shock, do not perform suchadjustments or servicing unless qualified to do so.

For continued protection against fire, replace the line fuse only with a fuse of the samecurrent rating and type (for example, normal blow or time delay). Do not use repairedfuses or short-circuited fuse holder.

CAUTION

Protect circuit boards from ESD at all times.

WARNINGAn uninterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the main power

source to the product input wiring terminals. Using Neutral as Earth Groundmay cause a potential shock hazard that could result in personal injury.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. SPECIFICATIONS.................................................................................................................. 1

2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW............................................................................................................. 42.1 Description .................................................................................................................... 42.2 Typical operation........................................................................................................... 62.3 Principal of operation (oscillator load pull) .................................................................... 72.4 Oil and water continuous emulsions............................................................................. 92.5 Effect of dissolved salts .............................................................................................. 10

3. INSTALLATION.................................................................................................................... 123.1 Pre-installation notes................................................................................................... 12

3.2 Mounting considerations............................................................................................. 123.2.1 Measurement section ................................................................................... 123.2.2 Electronics unit ............................................................................................. 13

3.3 Installation drawings.................................................................................................... 133.4 Basic electrical hook-up.............................................................................................. 133.5 Connection of features and options............................................................................ 19

3.5.1 Analog output (4-20 mA or 0-20 mA) ........................................................... 203.5.2 Alarm relay output......................................................................................... 203.5.3 Error relay output.......................................................................................... 213.5.4 RS-422 interface........................................................................................... 213.5.4 Current input ................................................................................................. 213.5.5 Pulse input .................................................................................................... 21

4. GENERAL OPERATION AND INITIAL START-UP ........................................................... 234.1 User interface switches and functions........................................................................ 244.2 Initial start-up............................................................................................................... 254.3 LCD adjustments ........................................................................................................ 26

5. MODES OF OPERATION .................................................................................................... 285.1 Normal Mode .............................................................................................................. 28

5.1.1 Accessing the Normal Mode ........................................................................ 285.1.2 MENU items for the Normal Mode ............................................................... 29

5.2 Supervisor Mode......................................................................................................... 325.2.1 Accessing the Supervisor Mode................................................................... 32

5.2.2 Supervisor Mode display .............................................................................. 335.2.3 Resetting stream specific coefficients .......................................................... 335.2.4 Defining the MENU items for the User-defined Mode.................................. 34

5.3 User-defined Mode ..................................................................................................... 355.3.1 Accessing the User-defined Mode ............................................................... 35

5.4 Technician Mode......................................................................................................... 355.4.1 Accessing the Technician Mode................................................................... 355.4.2 Technician Mode display.............................................................................. 365.4.3 MENU items for the Technician Mode ......................................................... 37


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5.4.4 Reference current......................................................................................... 425.4.5 Resetting factory coefficients........................................................................ 42

6. CALIBRATION PROCEDURE............................................................................................. 446.1 Factory calibration....................................................................................................... 446.2 Salinity calibration ....................................................................................................... 44

7. COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF ERROR MESSAGES ........................................................... 48

8. THEORY OF OPERATION .................................................................................................. 518.1 Detailed description for oil continuous emulsions...................................................... 518.2 Detailed description for water continuous emulsions ................................................ 558.3 Temperature compensation....................................................................................... 598.4 Viewing the O-constants............................................................................................ 61

8.5 Viewing the W-constants ........................................................................................... 62

9. DETAILED FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS....................................................................... 639.1 Automatic systems test............................................................................................... 639.2 Power-up self test ....................................................................................................... 639.3 Built-in test................................................................................................................... 639.4 Normal operation ........................................................................................................ 649.5 AC input board............................................................................................................ 649.6 DC input board............................................................................................................ 649.7 Motherboard................................................................................................................ 659.8 AC power supply board .............................................................................................. 659.9 DC power supply board .............................................................................................. 659.10 Microprocessor board............................................................................................... 659.11 Frequency board....................................................................................................... 669.12 Analog input board.................................................................................................... 669.13 Analog output board.................................................................................................. 679.14 Display board ............................................................................................................ 679.15 Microwave oscillator module..................................................................................... 67

10. INSTRUMENT REPAIR AND SERVICE ........................................................................ 6810.1 Assistance and factory address ................................................................................ 6810.2 Electrostatic discharge (ESD).................................................................................... 6810.3 Power supply checks................................................................................................. 68

10.4 Fuses and protection circuits..................................................................................... 6810.5 Measurement section and oscillator module............................................................. 6910.6 Returning items to the factory.................................................................................... 6910.7 Returning measurement section ............................................................................... 6910.8 Returning electronics unit .......................................................................................... 69

APPENDIX A. ASCII TERMINAL COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL ................................... 70


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APPENDIX B. INSTRUCTIONS FOR ELECTRONICS UNIT ENCLOSUREHEATER 74B.1 120 VAC Enclosure Heater........................................................................................ 74B.2 240 VAC Enclosure Heater........................................................................................ 75

APPENDIX C. INSTRUCTIONS FOR GROUND WIRE KIT................................................. 76

APPENDIX D. COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATIONOF WATER IN CRUDE OIL...................................................................................... 78

APPENDIX E. INSTALLATION DRAWINGS ....................................................................... 79


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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Phase Dynamics Load-Pull System for Measuring Weater in Hydrocarbons ................ 4

Figure 2: Measurement Section......................................................................................................

5

Figure 3: Measurement Section and Center Rod/Sheath Assembly .............................................. 8

Figure 4 Reflected Power Levels for Oil-Water Emulsions ........................................................ 10

Figure 5: Effect of Dissolved Salts ............................................................................................... 11

Figure 6: Power Input Board for AC Voltages ............................................................................ 15

Figure 7: System Cable Installation............................................................................................. 16

Figure 8: Terminal Block for Wire Connections ......................................................................... 19

Figure 9: Location of Two-Position Dip Switch ......................................................................... 23

Figure 10: Normal Mode Display, Flow Input Disabled............................................................. 25

Figure 11: Normal Mode Display, Flow Input Enabled .............................................................. 26

Figure 12: Display Board Showing R1 and R2 ........................................................................... 27

Figure 13: Technician Mode Display..........................................................................................

37

Figure 14: Factory Calibration,.................................................................................................... 52

Figure 15: Effect of Changing Oil Adj. ....................................................................................... 53

Figure 16: Effect of Changing Oil Index ..................................................................................... 54

Figure 17: Reflected Power Threshold Curve, Oil Continuous................................................... 55

Figure 18: Factory Calibration,.................................................................................................... 56

Figure 19: Effect of Changing Water Adj.................................................................................... 57

Figure 20: Reflected Power Threshold Curve, Water Continuous .............................................. 58

Figure 21: Effect of Temperature on Frequency, Oil Continuous............................................... 60

Figure 22: Effect of Temperature on Frequency, Water Continuous, One Salinity .................... 61

Figure 25: Measurement Section Enclosure with Cover Removed............................................. 77


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LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.3(1). RTD Temperature Sensor Connections ........................................... 16Table 3.4(2). Wiring Table ...................................................................................... 18Table 3.5(1). Connecting Features and Options. ................................................... 20Table 4(1). Accessing the Four Modes of Operation........................................... 24Table 6.2(1). Calibration Worksheet. ...................................................................... 47Table 7(1). Comprehensive List of ERROR Messages....................................... 48Table 7(1). Comprehensive List of ERROR Messages (cont.). .......................... 49Table B(1). Comparison of Water in Crude Methods for Water Contents Less than

1%...................................................................................................... 78


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INSTALLATIONAND

INSTRUCTIONMANUAL


Full Range Water-Hydrocarbon Analyzer


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1. SPECIFICATIONS

SYSTEM

Power Requirements 200-260 VAC, 50 Hertz; typical 25 watts, 60 wattsmaximum at turn-on

Range of Measurement 0 to 100% water

Alarm Contact Set-Point 0 to 100% water content field-selectable with delay(zero to 300 seconds selectable)

Flowing Fluid Temperature60to 160F

Water Salinity Range 0.5 to 8.0% standard

Oil Phase Water Phase

Accuracy 0.5% standard deviation 1.0% standard deviation

Repeatability (constant salt, 0.2% standard deviation 1.0% standard deviationwater content, and temp)

ELECTRONICS UNIT

Ambient Operating Temperature 32to 130F

Storage Temperature -50to 160F

Installation weight and sizeSee installation drawing

Shipping weight Installation weight plus 10 pounds

MEASUREMENT SECTION

Ambient Operating Temperature -10to 130F

Pressure rating Up to 1,500 psig, depending on process connection

Storage Temperature -50to 160F

Installation weight See installation drawing


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Shipping weight Installation weight plus 15 pounds


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FEATURES

Wetted metal 316L stainless steel

No moving parts for low maintenance

Real-time measurement of water content

Temperature compensated measurement for high accuracy

Lightning protection at line voltage input

Built-in self-diagnostic tests warn of any errors

Two relay outputs; one for system errors, one for alarm contact set point

Analog output (0-20 or 4-20 mA field selectable)

RS-422 communication channel provided

Net oil computer; accepts outputs of flowmeter (pulse or current, field-selectable)to give net oil, net water, and / or total fluid values.

Up to 50 sets of stream specific calibration data may be stored

OPTIONS

Process connections include: Threaded; Victaulic (HP-70 ES); ANSI 150, 300, or600 flanges; others upon request

Computer electronics enclosure: Cast aluminum (NEMA 4, 7 and 9); fiberglass(NEMA 4X); panel/rack mount.

Power input voltage (240 VAC, 24 VDC, etc.)

Heater circuit for electronics unit for cold weather operation

Ceramic seal plugs for higher temperatures

Lower or higher salinity ranges


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2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW

2.1 Description

This Phase Dynamics analyzer measures the percentage of water in a flowinghydrocarbon liquid stream. The measurement technique is based on a principle knownas oscillator load pull. The system is designed with no moving parts and is calibratedfor the highest accuracy over a broad range of pressure, flow rate and temperature.

The system consists of three components as shown in Figure 2.1(a);

1) a measurement section,2) an electronics unit, and3) a system cable connecting the two.

Figure 1: Phase Dynamics Load-Pull System for Measuring Weater in Hydrocarbons


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The measurement section, shown in Figure 2.1(b), is an assembly of;7

1) a pipe section,2) a temperature sensor, and3) a microwave oscillator module mounted in a protective enclosure.

Figure 2: Measurement Section

The electronics unit is an application-specific computer which provides a variety offunctions;

1) liquid crystal display,2) four switches for operator interface,3) input voltage regulation,4) DC voltage for oscillator module, and5) all input/output functions necessary for proper operation.

The system cable provides the "link" over which the electronics unit provides thenecessary voltages to the oscillator module. The oscillator also sends the appropriatesignals of frequency, temperature, and reflected power to the computer for calculation ofwater content.


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2.2 Typical operation

Under normal conditions, the analyzer's operating sequence may be described by thefollowing chain of events.

The input voltage is converted to the necessary DC voltages. At turn-on, the electronicsunit performs a set of self-diagnostic tests to assure functionality. The power supplyprovides 15 and 30 VDC to the oscillator module: 15 V to the oscillator and 30 V to aheater which maintains the oscillator at 160F. This eliminates any frequency drift dueto circuit temperature changes which could result in errors in water content. A 5 Vsupply operates the electronics unit's digital circuitry.

The fluids flowing through the measurement section act on the unbuffered microwaveoscillator to force a change in its natural frequency of oscillation.

The temperature sensor is inserted directly into the liquid stream through the pipe wallof the saddle nearer the microwave oscillator. The sensor's wires, enclosed in stainlesssteel tubing, transmit this signal to the oscillator module and then on to the electronicsunit.

The oscillator's reflected power signal is measured. This information is used todetermine the phase of the emulsion - water in oil or oil in water. Inside the oscillatormodule, frequency counting and division circuits lower the microwave signal to afrequency which can be transmitted over the system cable's shielded twisted pair.

The frequency, temperature, and reflected power signals are transmitted via the systemcable from the oscillator module to the electronics unit. These signals are routed to themicroprocessor where a salinity and temperature compensated water content iscalculated from the factory-derived coefficients.

Simultaneously, a signal proportional to water content appears at the analog looptransmitter and the LCD provides an instantaneous readout of the calculated watercontent and measured temperature.

The frequency measurement cycle is repeated approximately once per second to

provide an instantaneous, continuous, and real-time measurement of water content.

While the continuous measurement of water content is going on, the electronics unitperiodically executes self-diagnostic checks to determine if any functional aspect of thesystem is in error. Occasionally, the LCD will show the various tests being checked andpassed (Checking EPROM, Checking SRAM, Checking INTRAM, etc.)., Theseself-diagnostics tests are completed "in the background" and in no way affect thefundamental measurement or calculation of water content.


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If at any time any system error is detected, two things happen:

1) the LCD exhibits the specific ERROR message, and2) the ERROR relay contact closes.

The four switches labeled "MENU", "SELECT", "VALUE", and "ENTER" allow theoperator to access a variety of parameters and coefficients. The value for theseparameters may be changed and entered into the operating memory of the system toprovide proper outputs and accurate water content measurements.

2.3 Principal of operation (oscillator load pull)

Phase Dynamics' analyzers achieve superior performance by utilizing microwave

oscillator load pull. Load pull is the term given to describe the frequency change of anunbuffered oscillator as its output load varies. Circuit components and the external loadimpedance determine an unbuffered oscillator's frequency. The permittivity of thematerials in the measurement section, through which the microwaves propagate,determine the output load.

The measurement section consists of a small solid rod mounted inside a larger diameterpipe, as shown in Figure 2.3(a). One end of the rod is connected to an unbufferedoscillator and the other end connects to the center of a welded "shorting" plug. Thecenter rod is covered by a hard plastic sheath to prevent direct contact between themetal rod and conductive water-oil emulsions. Electrically this pipe, rod, and sheath

combination is a coaxial transmission line, terminating into a short circuit. The fluidsflow through the measurement section via the connections that mount perpendicular tothe run section, one at each end. The microwave signal travels the length of the pipetwice; down the pipe from the oscillator, then reflects at the shorting plug and traversesback to the oscillator module.


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Figure 3: Measurement Section and Center Rod/Sheath Assembly

The permittivity of the emulsion changes as the percentage of water in the total fluidchanges. The permittivity of the emulsion is comprised of two parts - the dielectricconstant and the loss. The relative dielectric constant of oil is 2.2 and of water is about70. The loss is determined primarily by the salt content of the water. Accuratemeasurement of the water salinity and proper input to the electronics unit is essential forbest accuracy of the Phase Dynamics Full Range Water-Hydrocarbon Analyzer.

In summary, the permittivity of the oil-water emulsion in the measurement sectionprovides a complex impedance, or load. The load acts directly upon the unbufferedoscillator to force a predictable, repeatable, and precise change in frequency. Thisfrequency is proportional to the water content of the emulsion. Temperature and lossalso affect the frequency; both are used for compensation to calculate the correct watercontent. The microprocessor uses the measured frequency to calculate and update thewater content each second.


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2.4 Oil and water continuous emulsions

Oil-water emulsions may exist in two phase states. The emulsion may be described aswater drops suspended in a continuous medium of oil (oil continuous or oil external) oroil drops suspended in a continuous medium of water (water continuous or waterexternal). The phase of the emulsion is determined by a number of factors includingwater content, temperature, pressure, salinity, crude API, presence of emulsifiers, etc.

Furthermore, there is a wide range of water contents (about 40-90%) which may exist ineither phase. The system must first determine the correct phase before any accuratewater content data may be calculated.

The oscillator module of each system contains two separate circuits, each operating at

different frequencies. Each circuit is optimized for best pulling for a particular phase -one oscillator for oil continuous emulsions and the other for water continuous.

At times, two emulsions, one oil and one water continuous, with significantly differentwater contents, may give the same measured frequency of the load pull system. Asecond parameter must be measured to distinguish the phase.

The measured parameter to distinguish emulsion phase state is the oscillator's reflectedpower. Water continuous emulsions yield much lower reflected power levels than oilcontinuous - the energy is dissipated through the conductive water. Very little energy isreflected back to the oscillator module, as shown in Figure 2.4(a).

Oil continuous emulsions are much less lossy than water continuous. For this case, themicrowave energy travels down the measurement pipe section and back with very littleloss in the emulsion itself; the reflected power level is higher than for water continuousemulsions, as shown in Figure 2.4(a).

In summary, the system monitors the reflected power level to determine the phase. Oilcontinuous emulsions exhibit high power levels and water continuous emulsions givelow power levels. Once the phase is determined, the system switches to theappropriate oscillator for frequency measurement and determination of water content.


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Figure 4 Reflected Power Levels for Oil-Water Emulsions

2.5 Effect of dissolved salts

For water continuous emulsions, dissolved salts significantly affect the load(measurement section plus liquids) as seen by the microwave oscillator. For oilcontinuous emulsions, dissolved salts have little or no effect. As shown in Figure 2.5(a),one measured frequency corresponds to a range of water contents in the watercontinuous phase, depending on the concentration of dissolved salts.

Each Phase Dynamics system includes compensation for effects due to dissolved salts.Accurate measurement and manual entry of dissolved salts is required for accuratewater content measurements.

IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT DISSOLVED SALTS :For optimum performance, it isIMPERATIVE that the Salinity Calibration routine be executed properly.


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Figure 5: Effect of Dissolved Salts


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3. INSTALLATION

3.1 Pre-installation notes

The materials of construction for Phase Dynamics' analyzer are capable of withstandinga wide variety of harsh environments. The pipe section itself is made of standard pipeand flanges used on a routine basis for the industry serviced. The microwave oscillatoris assembled in a protective housing which is then completely enclosed in anexplosion-proof junction box, provided with a screw-on cap for access. The individualprinted wiring boards of the electronics unit are mounted on a protective aluminumchassis. This chassis is then mounted and protected in either a cast-aluminumexplosion-proof enclosure (rated NEMA 4,7, and 9) or a fiberglass enclosure (ratedNEMA 4X) which is raintight, dustproof, and corrosion resistant. A rack mount versionis available as an option.

The ambient operating temperature of the electronics unit is specified as 32to 130F.For proper operation, the electronics should not be cooled below 32F. The electronicsenclosure should be mounted to avoid exposure to prevailing winds in freezing climates.An optional heater circuit is available for continuous cold weather operation.Conversely, the enclosure should be mounted in a shaded area to avoid direct sunlightfor geographic regions where ambient temperatures are above 100F. Both theexplosion-proof and fiberglass enclosures are rated as watertight.

The measurement section is rated for AMBIENT temperatures from -10to 130F

(maximum FLUID temperature 160F). The oscillator module contains a miniatureheater circuit to maintain the critical circuit at 160F. The junction box protecting the

oscillator module is provided with an O-ring for the screw-on cap and forms a watertightseal.

3.2 Mounting considerations

3.2.1 Measurement section

The preferred orientation of the measurement section is vertical with the oscillator endup. Fluid flow comes into the connection closest to the oscillator and exits the other port.

For best results, liquid flow in the measurement section should be turbulent to keep theoil/water mixed and to "flush" any gas or water accumulation in the pipe section.

The recommended range of flow rate for optimum performance is 1 to 10 feet persecond fluid velocity (about 700 to 7,000 barrels per day for a 3-inch measurementsection). Lower flow rates may result in oil-water separation and measurement errors.Higher flow rates may result in a large pressure drop and the possibility of cavitation orerosion.


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If free gas is present in the liquid stream, the output should be mounted higher than theinput to allow the gas to escape the pipe section. Gas tends to decrease the calculated

water content.

For slip-stream applications, verify that the fluids flowing through the measurementsection precisely represent the fluids of the main stream.

While the above guidelines are the preferred orientation, field experience has verifiedthe accurate measurement of water content for a variety of mounting schemes,including vertical, either end up, horizontal, flanges up or down, and the measurementsection "on its side". The most important points to keep in mind are:

l) well-mixed water and oil in the measurement section,

2) turbulent flow,3) zero gas content (or, at least, long term constant gas content), and4) representative emulsions in slip-streams.

3.2.2 Electronics unit

The viewing angle of the LCD, located on the front control panel, is adjustable fromperpendicular to 30 degrees above perpendicular. As such, the enclosure should bemounted about five feet above the ground. Ease of viewing, convenience of wiring, andsimplicity of operation are the only restrictions in orientation of the electronicsenclosure.

3.3 Installation drawings

Detailed installation drawings are included with each system to assist in preparation ofmounting and installation. Refer to the appropriate drawings for installation of yourparticular system.

3.4 Basic electrical hook-up

CAUTIONThe electronics unit is mounted relatively close to the measurement pipesection. A system cable of 20 feet is supplied to connect the two. Longersystem cables (up to 100 feet) are available from Phase Dynamics, if required.Phase Dynamics recommends the use of one single cable; DO NOT splicecables together!


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Mount the electronics unit and the measurement pipe section according to theappropriate installation drawing.

Wire the main power to the connector on the Power input board on the left side of thechassis under the front control panel, as shown in Figure 3.4(a). The wire size may befrom 18 GA to 14 GA. For 120 VAC systems, typical power consumption is 25 watts(fused at 3/4 Ampere); maximum 60 watts at turn-on.

WARNINGThe Phase Dynamics system does not include an internal on/off switch for theinput power. During the routine installation and field calibration it may beconvenient to turn off power to the unit occasionally. It is recommended that auser-supplied on/off switch be installed prior to entry into the electronics

enclosure.

WARNINGAn uninterruptible safety earth ground MUST BE provided from the main power

source to the Power input board terminal marked EARTH GROUND.

Failure to provide EARTH GROUND may cause a shock hazard that could resultin personal injury. Also, the instrument may be damaged and will not operateproperly - the warranty is voided.

Connecting NEUTRAL to EARTH GROUND is NOT sufficient for safety earthground.


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Figure 6: Power Input Board for AC Voltages

Connect the electronics unit to the oscillator module with the system cable, as shown inFigure 3.4(b). A factory-installed circular connector is soldered to one end of the cablewhile the other end requires stripping the individual wires. This circular connector fitsthrough the threaded hole of the enclosure protecting the oscillator module and then isconnected to the mating circular connector at the rear of the oscillator module.

Each Phase Dynamics analyzer is equipped to measure the process streamtemperature with a four-wire RTD. Verify that the wires of the temperature probe are

connected properly to the terminal strip on the end of the oscillator module.


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Connect the four-wire RTD as follows:

Wire Color Terminal ID Wire Function

Red P+ RTD drive high

Red P1 RTD sense high

Black P2 RTD sense low

Black P3 RTD drive low

Table 4.3(1). RTD Temperature Sensor Connections

Figure 7: System Cable Installation

Install conduit between the measurement section and the electronics unit.. The use of aconduit union near the measurement section is recommended to allow futuremeasurement section removal without cutting the system cable. Pull the system cablethrough the conduit from the measurement section end to the electronics unit end. Cut


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the excess cable length and strip the individual wires. Connect the wires to the terminalblock of the electronics unit according to Table 3.4(2). The terminal block is locatedunder the front panel at the lower edge of the motherboard, as shown in Figure 3.4(c).

Once connected, the Phase Dynamics system is ready for standard operation.


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TerminalNumber

WireColor

TerminalDescription

WireFunction

15 White/Yellow EXTUNE Used in troubleshooting

16 White/Green VTUNE Used in troubleshooting

17 Yellow OSCSEL Oscillator select

18 Drain fromWhite/Red &White/Orangetwisted pair

GND Ground

19 White/Red FREQ+ Oscillator frequency +

20 White/Orange FREQ- Oscillator frequency -

21 White/Brown P+ Temp. probe drive high

22 White P1 RTD sense high or signal

23 Grey P2 RTD sense low

24 Violet P3 RTD drive low

25 Blue VREF Reflected power

26 Green VINC Incident power

27 Brown GNDSEN Ground Sense

28 Orange HTR Heater voltage, 24-36 VDC

29 White/Black HTR RTN Ground

30 Red +15V +15 VDC supply

31 Black and Drainfrom Brown &White/Greentwisted pair

GND Ground

Table 3.4(2). Wiring Table


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Wires not used (cut short):

White/Blue

White/VioletWhite/GreyDrain from White/Violet & White/Grey twisted pair

Figure 3.4(c) Terminal Block for Wire Connections

3.5 Connection of features and options

Each system includes these standard features:

1) isolated analog output for water content,2) relay output for alarm contact set point,3) relay output for any system error,4) RS-422 interface, and5) net oil computer, requiring a user-supplied flowmeter input. The input is

NON-ISOLATED, so the system and flowmeter should be powered fromthe same input voltage to keep ground common.

The wiring connections for features and options are summarized in Table 3.5(1).


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Feature Terminal Numbers Terminal Description

Analog output 9, 10 Analog output, + and -

Alarm relay 33, 34 Trip output, 120V/1A AC

Error relay 35, 36 Error output, 120V/1A AC

RS-422 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Comm 0(1) RS-422/RS-485

Current input 11, 12 Current input, + and -

Pulse input 13, 14 Pulse input, + and -

Table 3.5(1). Connecting Features and Options.

3.5.1 Analog output (4-20 mA or 0-20 mA)

The analog output is a current proportional to water content. The output is SELF-

POWEREDand ISOLATEDfrom any system ground. The current range and theend-point water content values are user-definable.

The terminal connections are located on the motherboard and are marked ANALOGOUTPUT, + and -.

Connect the remote loop receiver's (supplied by user) positive terminal to thetransmitter's positive and negative to negative. When using a shielded cableconnect the shield to the negative terminal at the transmitter end and leave it open atthe receiver end.

The maximum allowable loop resistance for the current loop output, 4-20 or 0-20 mA, is600 Ohms.

3.5.2 Alarm relay output

This relay provides contact closure (rated 1 Ampere, 120 VAC) when the system's water

content exceeds a user-defined limit for a user-defined period of time (Time Delay).

The terminal connections are located on the motherboard and are marked TRIP OUTPUT,

120V/1A AC.


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3.5.3 Error relay output

This relay provides contact closure (rated 1 Ampere, 120 VAC) when any system erroris detected by the electronics unit. An audio or visual alarm may be connected to thisrelay to warn the user of a system error. The specific ERROR message will bedisplayed on the LCD of the front control panel. Specific errors detected include ErrorMessages 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, and 17, as defined by the Comprehensive List ofError Messages.

The terminal connections are located on the motherboard and are marked ERROROUTPUT, 120V/1A AC.

3.5.4 RS-422 interface

The Phase Dynamics analyzer system is provided with an RS-422 communicationchannel with a 4000 foot range.

For details concerning the RS-422 channel, please refer to Appendix A.

The terminal connections are located on the motherboard and are marked Comm 1RS-422/RS-485.

3.5.4 Current input

The current input may be used as a flowmeter input to provide a current proportional tothe flow rate. The input is NOT SELF-POWERED and it is NOT ISOLATEDfromsystem ground.

When used as a flowmeter input, the net oil feature combines the measured watercontent and the output of a user-supplied flowmeter to provide total fluid, net oil, orproduced water values. The input is a current proportional to rate with field-selectableranges of 0-20 or 4-20 mA and field-selectable maximum flow rate values. Zero or 4mA always represents zero flow rate.

The terminal connections for current input are located on the motherboard and are

marked CURRENT INPUT, + and -.

3.5.5 Pulse input


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The pulse input is used as a flowmeter input to provide a pulse per unit of volume fluid.The net oil feature combines the measured water content and the output of auser-supplied flowmeter to provide total fluid, net oil, or produced water values. Theinput is a frequency proportional to rate with field-selectable values.

The terminal connections for pulse input are located on the motherboard and aremarked PULSE INPUT, + and -.


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4. GENERAL OPERATION AND INITIAL START-UP

Four modes of operation are available with this Phase Dynamics analyzer; Normal,

Supervisor, Technician, and User-defined Mode. Each mode provides certain featuresand parameters to the user for change or modification. The two position DIP switchlocated at the edge of the microprocessor board determines the particular mode inwhich the system is currently operating. The location of the DIP switch is as shown inFigure 4(a). The two white switches are clearly marked on the body of the switch, "1"and "2".

Figure 8: Location of Two-Position Dip Switch


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Table 4(1) below defines the position of the two switches for the four available modes ofoperation:

Mode of Operation Switch 1 Location Switch 2 Location

Normal right right

Supervisor right left

User-defined left right

Technician left left

Table 4(1). Accessing the Four Modes of Operation.

The Phase Dynamics load-pull system may be operated safely and properly for anylength of time in any of the four modes. The particular mode of operation is chosen bythe user and is typically determined by the specific conditions for a given installation.

4.1 User interface switches and functions

The four user interface switches are labeled "MENU", "SELECT", "VALUE", and"ENTER". These control keys allow the user to interact with the electronics unit tocomplete a variety of tasks including scaling of outputs, adjusting calibration factors,and modifying factory coefficients.

The MENU key scrolls through the list of MENU items. Each time MENU is pressed anew item is displayed until all items have been shown and the normal display returns.To return to the top of the MENU list, simply press and hold MENU for approximatelytwo seconds.

The SELECT and VALUE keys change the value of the selected menu item. PressingSELECT moves a blinking cursor to the digit of the parameter to be changed. TheVALUE key increments the digit's value by one each time VALUE is pushed. Once thedigit's value is nine, the next time VALUE is pushed, the digit's value becomes zero andincrements to nine again.

The ENTER key stores a changed value for the selected menu item. Once ENTER hasbeen pushed, the new value is stored and THE OLD VALUE IS LOST.

NOTE: The ENTER button must be pushed to store a new parameter's value, otherwisethe desired new value is ignored and the last valid value is retained.

Each time the ENTER button is pushed, the new value is stored and the next menu itemis displayed.


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Pressing two or more of the switches simultaneously or pressing any key out ofsequence, will result in a "Switch Error" message on the LCD. All switches must be

released to allow the system to recover to normal operation; no changes were entered.

4.2 Initial start-up

After installation, verify that switch 1 and 2 are to the right to access the Normal Mode.Apply power and observe the LCD. The following series of tests is executed at power onand any errors will be reported;

1) POWER,2) EPROM,3) EEPROM,

4) INTRAM,5) SRAM, and6) Analog Input Calibration.

Note any ERROR message and refer to the comprehensive list of ERROR messagesfound in Section 7.

Once the self tests are completed, the display will show the calculated water contentand measured temperature, as shown in Figure 4.2(a). The emulsion's continuousphase (oil or water) is also displayed. For water continuous emulsions, the watersalinity is displayed. Throughout the Normal Mode of operation, the self-diagnostic

testing will continue and messages sent to the LCD. This testing is completed "in thebackground" and in no way interferes with or interrupts the basic measurement of watercontent. If a system error is detected the appropriate ERROR message will bedisplayed; hardware related system errors cause the error relay's contacts to close.

Figure 9: Normal Mode Display, Flow Input Disabled


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Figure 4.2(a) shows the Normal Mode display for the as-delivered factory defaultcondition with Flow Input Disabled (no fluid volumes shown). The Normal Mode displayfor Flow Input Enabled will look slightly different, as shown in Figure 4.2(b). For thiscondition, the selected fluid totals are displayed, in addition to the water content,emulsion's phase, and measured temperature. For water continuous emulsions, thewater salinity is displayed.

Figure 10: Normal Mode Display, Flow Input Enabled

4.3 LCD adjustments

Both the background lighting and viewing angle of the LCD are adjustable. Twopotentiometers, located on the back of the LCD circuit board [see Figure 4.3(a)] areused for adjustment.

R1 adjusts for background lighting. It should be set as low as possible while allowingeasy reading in reduced light.

R3 adjusts the viewing angle from zero to 30 degrees above perpendicular.


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Figure 11: Display Board Showing R1 and R2


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5. MODES OF OPERATION

The four modes of operation include Normal, Supervisor, Technician, and User-definedModes. Each of these modes provides a different set of parameters and features whichmay be helpful to the user.

The Normal Mode contains a list of the most common and useful MENU items forproper operation of the system. This is the mode the instrument is in when deliveredfrom the factory.

The Supervisor Mode provides two functions. All stream specific calibration constantsmay be reset to the factory default values. Each stream is identified by the streamidentification number (stream 01 is factory default). And, the MENU items to appear inthe User-defined Mode are selected by the user.

The User-defined Mode is a mode containing a subset of Normal Mode MENU itemswhich have been identified by the system supervisor. This may be helpful if the userwould like the ability to change or modify a specific set of coefficients or values withouthaving to step through the entire list of MENU items of the Normal Mode. For example,the User-defined Mode may contain only the stream specific calibration values(including the associated four items for each) and the Salinity Calibration Routine. Theuser-defined MENU items for this mode are defined while in the Supervisor Mode.

The Technician Mode is a universal mode; the values of all parameters and coefficientsmay be displayed, one item at a time. The values for all field-selectable parameters

may be changed while in the Technician Mode. However, some coefficients used bythe load-pull system may not be changed by the user (i.e. O-constants, W-constants,and Delta Salt); these coefficients are read-only types. The Technician Mode alsoincludes the capability to reset all coefficients to their factory default values.

5.1 Normal Mode

5.1.1 Accessing the Normal Mode

The Normal Mode is accessed when both switches 1 and 2 of the dual DIP switch,located at the edge of the microprocessor board, are moved to the right.

CAUTIONSteps should be taken to eliminate any static charges on your hands or tools soas not to damage any surrounding electrical components when changing theswitch positions. Also, since both switches are fairly close to each other, care

should be taken to open or close only the necessary switch.


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5.1.2 MENU items for the Normal Mode

For each MENU item that is field selectable, the LCD will display the UPPER and

LOWER limits which are allowed for that item. If a user-selected value which is out ofrange is "ENTER"-ed, the display will prompt "Value Out of Range" and will return theitem's value to the last valid value.

To advance to the next MENU item without changing its value simply press MENU.

To return to the Normal Mode Display (and the top of the list of MENU items), simplypress and hold MENU for approximately two seconds.

Following are the MENU items in the order which they are accessed in the NormalMode. Included is a brief description of the item and the factory-supplied default value

(shown in [ ]).

Stream xx [01]; Up to 50 stream specific sets of calibration data may bestored in the operating memory of the system. The next fourMENU items (Salinity, Water Adj., Oil Adj., and Alarm Point)correspond to the displayed stream number.

SELECT and VALUE change the stream identificationnumber. ENTER executes the selected stream.

Stream xx

Salinity [2.00%]; The current value of water salinity for the displayed streamnumber. The water salinity value may be input manuallywhile in the Normal Mode. This value may also be changedin the Technician Mode.

SELECT and VALUE change the value. ENTER stores thedesired value.

Stream xxWater Adj. [0.0%]; Water Adjust; A calibration factor (+ or -) may be added to

the WATER CONTINUOUS water content to compensate for

the difference between field and factory conditions, for thedisplayed stream number, i.e.,

Displayed water content =Calculated water content + Water Adj.



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The analog loop output current also includes the Water Adj.value, as does the RS-422 value for water content.

Stream xxOil Adj. [0.0%]; Oil Adjust; A calibration factor (+ or -) may be added to the

OIL CONTINUOUS water content to compensate for thedifference between field and factory conditions, for thedisplayed stream number, i.e.,

Displayed water content =Calculated water content + Oil Adj.


The analog loop output current also includes the Oil Adj.value, as does the RS-422 value for water content.

Stream xxAlarm Point [100.0%]; Alarm set point; Water content values greater than (or less

than) this value cause the alarm relay contacts to close.However, the water content value must have been greaterthan (or less than) the set point for a period of timedetermined by Time Delay.

Once the Set Point has been entered, the system will ask"Greater than" or "Less than" the Set Point value. SELECTtoggles between the two conditions, ENTER stores thechosen direction. Thus, the alarm condition will occur for ameasured water content value above or below a given value,as determined by the user.

Time Delay [0 sec]; The amount of time that the water content value must be above (orbelow) the Alarm Set Point before closing (or opening) thealarm relay contacts (sometimes referred to as "dead band").


Salinity Calibration; Press ENTER to proceed through the Salinity Calibrationroutine. See Calibration Procedure section.

Zero Counters; Requires flowmeter input. Press ENTER to reset all fluid


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volumes to zero. If Flow Input is Disabled, this MENU itemwill not be displayed.

Alternate Display[Normal Mode Display]; Press SELECT to toggle between Normal Mode display and

the Alternate Display, which is similar to the TechnicianMode display. ENTER selects the desired display.

Use of the Alternate Display is helpful when recording themeasured values of oscillator frequency, reflected power,and temperature during instrument setup or troubleshooting.

After five minutes, the system will automatically return to theNormal Mode display.

Flow Input [Disabled]; Flowmeter input option. The SELECT switch togglesbetween Flow Input Disabled, Pulse Flow Input, 0-20 mAFlow Input, and 4-20 mA Flow Input. Press ENTER toexecute the desired Flow Input.

If any of the three flow inputs are ENTER-ed, the user will beasked to define four items; units of volume, minimum flowrate, maximum flow rate, and displayed volumes.

To choose the UNIT of volume, press SELECT to scrollthrough the choices of barrels, gallons, or liters. Press

ENTER to execute the desired UNIT.

For Pulse Flow Input selected, the default value is 15,000pulses; this represents one UNIT of total fluid [15,000pulses/UNIT]. Zero pulses represents zero flow rate.For 0-20 mA or 4-20 mA Flow Input selected, the default flowrate for minimum current input, 0 or 4 mA, is zero [0UNITs/day]. The default flow rate for maximum current input,20 mA, is 5,000 UNITs/day [5,000 UNITs/day].

The SELECT and VALUE buttons change the default values

for minimum and maximum flow rates. ENTER stores thedesired values.

Next, the user may choose the desired fluid volumes to bedisplayed on the LCD. All volumes are displayed are in theuser-selectable UNIT of volume.

Press SELECT to scroll through the choices of OIL and


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WATER, OIL and TOTAL, or WATER and TOTAL. PressENTER to display the desired combination of totalized fluids.

Temp Adjust [0.0F]; Temperature Adjust; A calibration factor (+ or -) may beadded to the measured temperature for improved accuracy,i.e.,

Adjusted Temp = Meas. temp + Temp Adj.

The Adjusted Temp value is always displayed and used in alltemperature compensation calculations.


Analog Output [4-20 mA]; SELECT toggles the analog output loop between the rangesof 4-20 mA or 0-20 mA. ENTER stores the desired range.

4 mA (or 0 mA) [0.0%]; The minimum analog loop current represents zero watercontent.


20 mA [100.0%]; The factory default value for maximum analog loop current

represents 100.0% water content.


5.2 Supervisor Mode

5.2.1 Accessing the Supervisor Mode


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The Supervisor Mode is accessed when switch 1 of the dual DIP switch, located at theedge of the microprocessor board, is moved to the right and switch 2 is moved to the

left.

5.2.2 Supervisor Mode display

The initial display for the Supervisor Mode is the same as that of the Normal Mode.Two displays are available, one for Flow Input Disabled and one for Flow Input Enabled.To proceed from the initial display to the definition of MENU items for the User-definedMode, press MENU.

5.2.3 Resetting stream specific coefficients

The first MENU item of the Supervisor Mode allows the user to reset ALL of the streamspecific coefficients to the factory default values. The coefficients which are resetinclude (factory defaults are shown in []);

1) Salinity [2.00%],2) Water Adj. [0.0%],3) Oil Adj. [0.0%], and4) Alarm Point [100.0%].

Additionally, the current stream number is set to 01.

Please note that when these coefficients are reset, ALL FIELD DERIVED VALUESWHICH ARE STREAM SPECIFIC ARE ERASED AND LOST!!!




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All stream specific coefficients are reset as follows;

1) Access Supervisor Mode (switch 1 open, switch 2 closed),2) View LCD,3) Display prompts "Press ENTER to reset to stream defaults",4) Press ENTER if desired (if not, press MENU),5) Display prompts "Press SELECT if you are sure", (if not, press MENU to

move to next item), and,6) Press SELECT if desired,7) Display confirms "Stream Defaults Restored", and8) Returns to Supervisor Mode display.

5.2.4 Defining the MENU items for the User-defined Mode

The Supervisor Mode is used to define the MENU items which are available in theUser-defined Mode. To proceed to this task, press MENU twice from the SupervisorMode display (bypass the "Reset stream values" item). The display includes four linesof text;

Line 1 - will show "Defining User Mode",Line 2 - will show "Present status of",Line 3 - will show the current MENU item under consideration, andLine 4 - will show "is: ENABLED" or "is: DISABLED".

Defining the MENU items for the User-defined Mode is straightforward. The display will

show each MENU item of the Normal Mode, one at a time. For each item, the systemwill ask the user which items are to be included in the User-defined Mode. Once"ENABLED", only those chosen MENU items are available for access and change whenin the User-defined Mode.

The User-defined Mode may be redefined at any convenient time by accessing theSupervisor Mode and selecting from the complete list of MENU items. At all times theSupervisor Mode shows the current status of each MENU item of the User-definedMode.

For each MENU item, the display will prompt;

1) Present status is ENABLED, or2) Present status is DISABLED.

SELECT toggles between the choice of ENABLED or DISABLED for the specific itembeing displayed; ENTER will direct the system to execute the desired choice and moveto the next MENU item.


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If the current status shown is acceptable, press MENU to move to the next MENU item.The total list of MENU items from which to choose include the items of the NormalMode. The complete list is repeated here;

1) Stream Number,2) Salinity,3) Water Adj.,4) Oil Adj.,5) Alarm Point,6) Time Delay,7) Salinity Calibration,8) Zero Counters,9) Flow Input,10) Temp Adjust,

11) Analog Output,12) 4 mA (or 0 mA) Value, and13) 20 mA Value.

Note: The MENU item, Alternate Display, does not appear in the above list; it is the onlypermanent MENU item of the User-defined Mode and may not be removed.

5.3 User-defined Mode

5.3.1 Accessing the User-defined Mode

The User-defined Mode is accessed when switch 1 of the dual DIP switch, located atthe edge of the microprocessor board, is moved to the left and switch 2 is moved to theright.

While in User-defined Mode the display will be the same as Normal Mode. The MENUwill contain only those items that are enabled through the Supervisor Mode.

5.4 Technician Mode

5.4.1 Accessing the Technician Mode




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The Technician Mode is accessed when both switches 1 and 2 of the dual DIP switch,located at the edge of the microprocessor board, are moved to the left.

5.4.2 Technician Mode display

While in the Technician Mode, the LCD will display different parameters than thoseshown during normal operation. The Technician Mode display is as shown in Figure5.4.2(a).

The parameters displayed are defined as follows:

Water Displayed water content value

Freq Frequency, oscillator frequency, as measured by frequencyboard (MHz, or Mega Hertz).

Ref Pwr Reflected Power, voltage indicative of signal level reflectedfrom the measurement section (Volts).

Wat The fourth line of the Technician Mode display shows thecurrent phase (oil or water) of the fluids. For watercontinuous emulsions, the current water salinity is displayed.Also, the fluid temperature, including Temp Adjust (F), isdisplayed.




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Figure 12: Technician Mode Display

5.4.3 MENU items for the Technician Mode

The Technician Mode MENU includes the capability to view ALL of the coefficients andparameters which are necessary for proper operation of the system. In this universalmode, the user can view the current values for all coefficients and parameters and canchange most of them. A few items are not available for change, and are displayed forreview only.

The list of MENU items is given below in the order in which they appear along with abrief description of each. Some items are also found in the Normal Mode, some arefound in the Technician Mode only. The order in which the items appear in this mode

are not necessarily the same as that of the Normal Mode. Normal Mode MENU itemsare not described again.

The MENU items of the Technician Mode and factory default values (shown in []) are;

Stream xx [01] See Normal Mode.

Stream xxSalinity [2.00%] See Normal Mode.

Stream xx

Delta Salt [0.00%] No change to value allowed. An internally computed valueof salinity used to compensate for various salt compositions.Stream xxWat Idx [0.000 MHz] This frequency value is used in conjunction with the Salinity

and Delta Salt values for water continuous emulsions.



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Stream xxWater Adj. [0.0%] See Normal Mode.

Stream xxOil Adj. [0.0%] See Normal Mode.

Stream xxAlarm Point [100.0%] See Normal Mode.

Reference Current [4 mA] The user may select a current value between 0 and 20 mA inorder to establish the zero and span of output devices suchas chart recorders. See Reference Current Section.

WaterLo The minimum frequency value used for water continuousemulsions to determine the reflected power threshold curve.


WaterMid The mid-point frequency value used in determining thecontinuous emulsion state. WLoP1 and WLoP0 are used formeasured frequencies below this frequency; WHiP1 andWHiP0 are used for measured frequencies above thisfrequency.


WaterHi The maximum frequency value used for water continuousemulsions to determine the reflected power threshold curve.


WLoP1, WLoP0 The slope and intercept values relating measured frequency

to the reflected power threshold used to distinguish the waterand oil continuous phases.

These two values are used for measured frequencies belowthe frequency WaterMid.



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WHiP1, WHiP0 The slope and intercept values relating measured frequencyto the reflected power threshold used to distinguish the water

and oil continuous phases.

These two values are used for measured frequencies abovethe frequency WaterMid.


Oil Lo, Oil Hi Minimum and maximum frequency values used for oil continuousemulsions to determine the reflected power threshold curve.


O P1, O P0 The slope and intercept values relating frequency to thereflected power threshold used to distinguish the oil andwater continuous phases.


Oil Idx [0.000 MHz] A frequency index used for oil continuous emulsions.


Reset stream values Resets stream specific parameters to default values. SeeResetting Stream Specific Coefficients section.

Reset factory values; This downloads the factory default values for all coefficients. See Resetting Factory Coefficients section.

Salinity Calibration; See Calibration Procedure section.

Zero Counters; See Normal Mode.

Time Delay [0 sec]; See Normal Mode.

Alternate Display; See Normal Mode.

Flow Input [Disabled]; See Normal Mode.


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Temp Adjust; See Normal Mode.

Analog Output [4-20 mA]; See Normal Mode.

4 mA (or 0 mA) [0.00%]; See Normal Mode.

20 mA [1.00%]; See Normal Mode.

View O-constants Allows the user to view all of the O-constants relatingmeasured frequency to water content for oil continuousemulsions. No changes to the factory derived coefficientsare allowed.

Press ENTER to view the O-constants. Press MENU toproceed to the next MENU item.

For each factory calibration temperature, there is a set of O-constants, O3, O2, O1, and O0.

To view the value of an O-constants, the user must firstchoose a temperature. SELECT scrolls through the factorycalibration temperatures. ENTER chooses the desiredtemperature.

Next, ENTER scrolls through the O-constants whichcorrespond to the ENTER-ed temperature, one at a time.

After each O0 coefficient, the system returns to thecalibration temperature. Press SELECT, as before, tochoose another temperature. Press MENU to proceed to thenext MENU item.

View W-constants Allows the user to view all of the W-constants relatingmeasured frequency to water content for water continuousemulsions. No changes to the factory derived coefficients

are allowed.

Press ENTER to view the W-constants. Press MENU toproceed to the next MENU item.

For water continuous emulsions, each analyzer is calibratedover a wide range of water salinities and liquid temperatures.For each combination of factory calibration water salinity


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and temperature, there is a set of W-constants, W3, W2,W1, and W0.

To view the value of an W-constants, the user must firstchoose a specific salinity and a temperature.

SELECT scrolls through the factory calibration watersalinities. ENTER chooses the desired salinity.

Once a salinity has been ENTER-ed, use SELECT to scrollthrough the various temperatures tested during factorycalibration. ENTER chooses the desired temperature.

Next, ENTER scrolls through the W-constants which

correspond to the ENTER-ed salinity and temperature, oneat a time.

After each W0 coefficient, the system returns to thecalibration salinities. Press SELECT and ENTER, as before,to choose another salinity and temperature combination.Press MENU to proceed to the next menu item.

Comm 0 [Disabled]; Communication Channel 0 option. The SELECT switch togglesbetween Comm 0 Disabled and Comm 0 Enabled. PressENTER to execute the desired Comm 0 status. Reserved

for future use.

Comm 1 [Disabled]; Communication Channel 1 option. The SELECT switch togglesbetween Comm 1 Disabled and Comm 1 Enabled. PressENTER to execute the desired Comm 1 status.

See Appendix A. ASCII Terminal Communication Protocolfor further explanation.

If Comm 1 is Enabled, the user will be asked to defined twoadditional items: Echo and Termination.

Echo [Disabled]; Echo character option. The SELECT switch togglesbetween Echo Disabled and Echo Enabled. Press ENTERto execute the desired Echo status.

Termination [CR]; Termination option. The SELECT switch toggles betweenTermination CR and Termination CR/LF. Press ENTER toexecute the desired Termination.


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5.4.4 Reference current

The reference current feature allows user-selectable values of current to be generatedfor the calibration and setup of output devices connected to the analog output. This maybe helpful in establishing the zero and span of output devices such as chart recorders.

For the 0 to 20 mA range for the analog output, 0 to 20 mA reference current levels maybe generated. For the 4 to 20 mA range for the analog output, 4 to 20 mA referencecurrent levels may be generated.

Press ENTER to select this feature. Current values from 0 to 20 mA (or 4 to 20 mA) in 1mA increments are selected by pressing the SELECT switch. Press ENTER to generatethe current at the analog output loop terminals marked "ANALOG OUTPUT" on themotherboard of the electronics unit.

To exit the reference current feature and proceed to the next MENU item, press MENU.

To exit the reference current feature and return to the Technician Mode display pressMENU and hold for approximately two seconds.

5.4.5 Resetting factory coefficients

The coefficients which are NOT stream specific may be reset to their factory defaultvalues while in the Technician Mode. The MENU item for resetting these coefficients is

"Reset factory values". The coefficients to be reset in this MENU item and their factorydefault values are;

1) Time Delay [0 sec],2) Flow Input [Disabled],3) Temp Adjust [0.0 F],4) Analog output [4-20 mA],5) 4 mA value [0.0%],6) 20 mA value [100.0%],7) Reference current [4 mA],8) WaterLo, WaterMid, WaterHi,

9) WLoP1, WLoP0, WHiP1, WHiP0,10) OilLo, OilHi,11) OP1, OP0, and12) Oil Idx [0.000 MHz].

The stream specific coefficients are NOT reset in this MENU item. Those coefficientsare reset to factory default values in the "Reset stream values" item.


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The factory default values are reset as follows;

1) Access Technician Mode (switch 1 closed, switch 2 closed),

2) View LCD,3) Display prompts "Press ENTER to reset to factory defaults",4) Press ENTER to reset (press MENU to move to next MENU item),5) Display prompts "Press SELECT if you are sure",6) Press SELECT to confirm (press MENU to move to next MENU item), and7) Display confirms "Factory Defaults Restored" for approximately three

seconds and then returns to the Technician Mode display.


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6. CALIBRATION PROCEDURE

6.1 Factory calibration

Each Phase Dynamics analyzer is carefully calibrated at the factory prior to delivery. Aprecisely controlled flow loop is used to determine the unit's frequency response as afunction of water content. This response determines the coefficients used to computewater content from the measured frequency. For water external emulsions, dissolvedsalts affect the analyzer's response. The instrument is factory calibrated over a widerange of dissolved salts using sodium chloride (NaCl); in the field, dissolved salts aredetermined by several dissolved solid species including barium, bicarbonate, calcium,carbonate, chloride, iron, magnesium, potassium, sodium, sulfate, etc. Also, thecalibration flow loop is used to measure the effects of temperature on the system so thattemperature compensation of the measured water content is included. An appendixincludes a comparison of various laboratory methods for the determination of water incrude oil.

6.2 Salinity calibration

Since the load pull system is sensitive to dissolved salts for water continuousemulsions, it is very important to field calibrate for water salinity at any appropriate time.These times may include new well, new product, new formation, change in season,change in background of water, process change resulting in a different water salinity,etc.

IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT DISSOLVED SALTS :For optimum performance, it isIMPERATIVE that the salinity calibration routine be executed properly.

The salinity calibration routine is accessed through the Normal or Technician Modes.The User-defined Mode may also be defined to include salinity calibration.

To calibrate for the current water salinity, pump through (or pour into) the measurementsection a water sample representative of the produced water under test. It isrecommended to complete the salinity calibration for the highest water contentattainable. At a minimum, salinity calibration must be executed for water continuousemulsions.

The Salinity Calibration routine is used to compensate for the difference between thesalinity compositions of the field water and the factory calibration water. The salinity ofthe water used during the factory calibration is determined by the amount of puresodium chloride (NaCl) in water. In the field, the apparent salinity of the water isdetermined by several dissolved solid species including barium, bicarbonate, calcium,carbonate, chloride, iron, magnesium, potassium, sodium, sulfate, etc. The SalinityCalibration should be completed the first time a new stream ID is defined or when the


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composition of the field salinity has changed.

This routine calculates the Salinity based on the sodium chloride concentrations used in

the factory calibration.

Each and every stream should be initially calibrated using the Salinity Calibrationroutine. Each stream ID will include a corresponding Salinity value.

The procedure for the Salinity Calibration and the action required for each step is givenbelow;

DISPLAY ACTION

1) Salinity Calibration Press ENTER.

2) Standard Salt Cal Press ENTER.

3) Salinity Calibration Press ENTER to start measuring oscillator frequencyStream xx as determined by the liquids in the measurementWater = xxx.x% section. At the same time, draw a test sample of theENTER starts sample liquid for accurate determination of water content.

NOTE: The liquids in the measurement section mustbe water continuous during Steps 2 and 3. If not, thedisplay will show "Salinity Error #24" and return to the

main display.

During this time of sample collection, theinstantaneous water content is also displayed. It isrecommended that the sample be collected for liquidswhich exhibit a constant water content.

4) Salinity Calibration Press ENTER to stop measuring oscillator frequency.Stream xx NOTE: The liquids in the measurement section mustWater = xxx.x% be water continuous during Steps 2 and 3.ENTER ends sample

To assure accurate measurement of frequency, atleast three seconds is required during steps 2 and 3.If not, the message "Salinity Error #21" will bedisplayed.


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5) Salinity Calibration Determine the water content (shakeout or other) forStream xx the test sample drawn above.Enter Water ContentWater = xxx.x%

Use SELECT and VALUE to input the measuredwater content of the test sample. Press ENTER tostore.

6) Salinity Calibration Press ENTER to accept and store the new SalinitySalt (last) x.xx% value and to return to the main display (not the nextSalt (new) x.xx% MENU item).

Accept new salt?

If the new Salinity value is "ENTER-ed", the systemwill reset the parameter Water Adj. to zero.

Press MENU to reject the new Salinity value (keepslast Salinity) and move to the next MENU item.

The Salinity Calibration routine is now complete.


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Date:_______________ Location:___________________

Serial Number of Unit: _________________________________

Method of Calibration: _________________________________

Stream # Salinity DeltaSalt

Wat Idx Water Adj. Oil Adj. Alarm

Table 6.2(1). Calibration Worksheet.


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7. COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF ERROR MESSAGES

Table 7(1), below, is a complete list of all error messages which may be encounteredincluding a brief explanation and the initial action needed to solve the error.

Error Cause Action Needed

Frequency Error #1 Frequency is out of range. Record frequency andconsult factory.

Frequency Error #2 Frequency is out of range. Record frequency andconsult factory.

Frequency Error #3 Oscillator frequency is notbeing received by electronicsunit; or oscillator has lost

power.

Check for loose orfaulty system cable.Check wiring

connections.Temp Comp Error #4 Temperature is out of range

for the given compensationvalues.

Check for defectivetemperature probe.Check Temp Adjustvalue in MENU.

Scaling Error #5 Unable to scale water contentvalue for current output loop.

Check end-point valuesfor current loop inMENU.

Overrange Error #6 Calculated water content is

greater than system'smaximum capability.

Verify correct values

for Salinity, Wat Idx,and Water Adj.

EPROM Error #7 Incorrect EPROM checksumwas calculated during built-intests.

EPROM chip failure.Replace processorboard.

EPROM Error #8 Incorrect EEPROM checksumwas calculated during built-intests.

Use Technician Modeto return to factorydefaults and try again.Replace processorboard.

INTRAM Error #9 Internal RAM failure. Replace processor board.

SRAM Error #10 Static RAM failure. Replace processor board.

Table 7(1). Comprehensive List of ERROR Messages.


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Error Cause Action Needed

Underrange Error #11 Calculated water content is

less than the systemsminimum capability.

Verify correct values for

Oil Idx and Oil Adj

Power Error #14 15 volt supply has failed. Check wiring for short to15 volt supply. Replacepower supply board.

Output Loop Error #15 Actual output loop currentdoes not correspond withcalculated value.

Check output loop usingReference Current inMENU.

EEPROM Error #16 EEPROM failure while trying

to restore factory defaults.

Replace processor board.

Divide Error #17 Attempted divide by zero. Power OFF, then ON.Reset factory coefficients.Replace processor board.

No Flow #18 Zero flow rate. Indicates inputat flowmeter terminals is zero.During flow, this messagedisappears.

Check flow input wiringand selection of pulse orcurrent input in MENU.

Salinity Error #21 Not enough time for adequatesalinity sample.

Allow more time betweenstart and end of salinitycalibration. Repeat salinitycalibration.

Salinity Error #22 Calculated salinity is greaterthan maximum.

Repeat salinity calibration.

Salinity Error #23 Calculated salinity is less thanminimum.

Repeat salinity calibration.

Not Water Continuous Fluid stream is oil continuous. Repeat salinity calibrationwhen water continuous.

Low Temp Error #25 Fluid temperature is out ofrange.

Consult factory.

High Temp Error #26 Fluid temperature is out ofrange.

Consult factory.


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Table 7(1). Comprehensive List of ERROR Messages (cont.).

If Error Messages 8 or 16 are displayed at anytime, press MENU to proceed directly to"Reset factory values", regardless of the current mode of operation. Reset factoryvalues as directed. If Error Messages 8 or 16 are still detected, replace processorboard.


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8. THEORY OF OPERATION

The following sections describe, in detail, the specific operation of the Phase Dynamics

load-pull system and how it is used to measure water content. The sections areseparated into two main parts - one describing the behavior of the instrument for oilcontinuous emulsions and one for water continuous emulsions.

8.1 Detailed description for oil continuous emulsions

The load-pull system relates a measured oscillator frequency to a water content. For oilemulsions, the system is factory calibrated by injecting salt water into a flowing volumeof oil. Coefficients are derived to relate the measured frequency to the water content fora given temperature. The water content for oil continuous emulsions at a constanttemperature is calculated as follows;

Water (Oil Phase) = O3 * (Freq + Oil Idx)3

+ O2 * (Freq + Oil Idx)2

+ O1 * (Freq + Oil Idx)+ O0+ Oil Adj.,

where

Documents

Manual Full Range Analyzer Standard