Manufacturing process-I (2131903) · 2019. 11. 19. · MANUFACTURING PROCESSES –I (2131903) B.E. Semester- III INDEX Sr. No. Description Starting Date Ending Date Sign Remark 1

A Laboratory Manual for

Manufacturing process-I

(2131903)

3rd Semester

Mechanical Engineering

DARSHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINNERING AND

TECHNOLOGY, RAJKOT

Campus: At Hadala, Rajkot-Morbi Highway, Near Water Sump, Rajkot 363650

Phone: +91-2822-293010 Web: www.dashan.ac.in

http://www.dashan.ac.in/

DARSHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINNERING AND

TECHNOLOGY, RAJKOT

Certificate

This is to certify that, Mr. / Ms.

Enroll no.

_

of Third semester Bachelor of

Mechanical Engineering has completed the term work

satisfactorily in Manufacturing Process – I (2131903) for

the academic year

curriculum.

as prescribed in the

Place: _ Enrolment No.:_

Date: Exam. Seat No.:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department

Seal of Institute

DARSHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES –I (2131903)

B.E. Semester- III

INDEX

Sr.

No. Description

Starting

Date

Ending

Date Sign Remark

1. To study about lathe machine

2. To study about drilling machine

3. To study about milling machine

4. To study about shaper machine

5. To study about slotting machine

6. To study about sawing machine

7. To study about grinding machine

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Manufacturing processes-1 Department of Mechanical Engineering Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

1

EXPERIMENT - 1

Objective: To study about lathe machine

1.1 Introduction

Lathe is one of the most versatile and widely used machine tools all over the world. It is

commonly known as the mother of all other machine tool. The main function of a lathe is to

remove metal from a job to give it the required shape and size. The job is securely and rigidly

held in the chuck or in between centers on the lathe machine and then turn it against a single

point cutting tool which will remove metal from the job in the form of chips.

Fig. 1.1 Working principle of lathe machine

1.2 Parts of Lathe

The lathe carries die following main parts, as illustrated in fig. 1.2. Detailed mechanical features

of die lathe. The main parts of a lathe are listed in table 1.1.

Fig. 1.2 Engine lathe


2

Fig. 1.3 Pictorial view of lathe

Table 1.1 – Parts of engine lathe

Bed Headstock Tailstock

Carriage Saddle Centres

Cross slide Compound slide Apron

Tool post Chucks Steadies

Mandrel The face plate Feeding mechanism

Thread cutting mechanism

1.3 Operation performed by lathe

Various operations performed by lathe machine either by holding workpiece or cutting tool are

enlisted below.

1. Facing

2. Turning

3. Straight turning

4. Step turning

5. Chamfering 6. Grooving

7. Forming

8. Knurling

9. Undercutting

10. Eccentric turning

11. Taper turning

12. Thread cutting

13. Drilling

14. Reaming

https://www.educationdiscussion.com/various-types-of-operations-performed-in-lathe-machine/#tabs-133-0-0











3

15. Boring 16. Tapping

1.4 Specifications of a lathe

The size of a lathe is generally specified by the following means:

A. Swing or maximum diameter that can be rotated over the bed ways

B. Maximum length of the job that can be held between head stock and tail stock centres

C. Bed length, which may include head stock length also

D. Maximum diameter of the bar that can pass through spindle or collect chuck of capstan

lathe.

Fig.1.4 illustrates the elements involved in specifications of a lathe. The following data also

contributes to specify a common lathe machine.

Fig. 1.4 Specification of lathe

a. Maximum swing over bed

b. Maximum swing over carriage

c. Height of centers over bed

d. Maximum distance between

centers

e. Length of bed

f. Width of bed

g. Morse taper of center

h. Diameter of hole through spindle

i. Face plate diameter

j. Size of tool post

k. Number of spindle speeds

l. Size of electrical motor

m. Pitch range of metric and inch

threads etc.

The complete specifications of a lathe will include various other data also. This, it is hoped, will

be clearer through a concrete example. Given below, for this purpose, are the complete


4

specifications of a precision lathe machine model 1& 2.Manufactured by M/s. New Dilip

Industries, Rajkot (India).

Table 1.2 – Specification of precision lathe Machine model no. 2 & 3

SPECIFICATION

CAPACITY MODEL NO. 1 MODEL NO. 2

Height of Centre 165 mm 165mm

Swing over Saddle 190 mm 190 mm

Admit between Centre 740 mm 1030 mm

Admit in Gap (in front of Face - Plate) 500 x 112 mm 500 x 112 mm

Swing over Bed 320 mm 320 mm

Length of Bed 1370 mm 1660 mm

Width of Bed 225 mm 225 mm

HEAD STOCK

Spindle Drive V-Belt Gear

Hole through the Spindle 40 mm 40 mm

Morse Taper of Centre MT - 5 MT - 5

Spindle Nose type and size 60mm x 8 TPI 60mm x 8 TPI

No. of Spindle Speeds 8 8

Range of Spindle Speeds 40 to 950 rpm 40 to 950 rpm

TAILSTOCK

Taper bore in Sleeve MT - 3 MT - 3

Sleeve Travel 115 mm 115 mm

Sleeve Dia. 38 mmz 38 mm

CARRIAGE

Compound Slide Swiveling Degree 90 - 0 - 90 90 - 0 - 90

Compound slide travel 115 mm 115 mm

FEEDS

Longitudinal Feeds 0.05 to 1.25 0.05 to 1.25

Cross Feeds 0.0007 to 0.22 0.0007 to 0.22


5

THREADS PITCHES

Metric Threads M1 to 6 M1 to 6

Inches Threads 2 to 24 TPI 2 to 24 TPI

LEAD SCREW

Diameter 25.4 mm (1") 25.4 mm (1")

Threads 4 TPI 4 TPI

DRIVE AND ELECTRICAL

'V' belt section B-52 B-52

Motor Drive Capacity

(1440 rpm, 3 Ph, 415 V) 1 HP 1 HP

WEIGHT & DIMENSIONS

Floor Space Required 1500 x 675 mm 1800 x 675 mm

Case Dimensions (Approx.) 1650 x 800 x 1575mm 1650 x 800 x 1575 mm

Net Weight (Approx.) 430 Kgs. 460 s.


6

Fig. 1.5 Job on Lathe machine (Drawing)


7

Experimental table:

Name: Enroll no:

Class: Roll no. :

Sr.

no.

Operation Final

dimension

Actual

dimension

Error Remarks

1 Facing 100

2 O. D. Turning 25

3 Step turning 40 × 25

4 Square turning 15 × 15

5 Knurling 15

6 Radius groove R5

7 Taper turning 10 × 15

8 Centering

9 Chamfer 2 × 45

10 Square thread 4 TPI

11 Finishing

Material:

Note: All dimensions are in mm

Date: Marks:

Sign:


1

EXPERIMENT NO-2

Objective: To study about drilling machine

2.1 Introduction

Drilling is an operation through which holes are produced in a solid metal by means of a

revolving tool called drill. Since it is not possible to produce a perfectly true note by drilling, it is

considered as a roughing operation. Obviously, therefore, where a very close dimensional

accuracy is to be maintained, this forms only the basic operation. For such holes, drilling is

followed by another operation called reaming, in which the required dimensional accuracy and

fine surface finish is obtained by means of a multi-tooth revolving tool called reamer.

2.2 Components of drilling machine

Fig. 2.1 shows general configuration of drilling machine, column drill in particular. The salient

parts are

a. Column with base

It is the basic structure to hold the other parts

b. Drilling head

This box type structure accommodates the power drive and the speed and feed gear boxes.

c. Spindle

Holds the drill and transmits rotation and axial translation to the tool for providing cutting

motion and feed motion both to the drill.

Drilling machines are available in varying size and configuration such as pillar drill, column

drill, radial drill, micro-drill etc. but in working principle all are more or less the same.

2.3 Operations performed on drilling machine

Various operations performed by a drilling machine are enlisted below:

1. Drilling

2. Boring

3. Counter boring

4. Counter sinking

5. Reaming

6. Tapping

7. Trepanning.

8. Spot facing

9. Lapping

2.4 Specification of a Drilling Machine

A heavy duty drilling machine is specified by following parameters.

1. Drilling capacity

2. Taper in spindle (Morse no.)


2

3. Distance between spindle and column (maximum and minimum), in case of radial drilling

machine

4. Transverse of spindle

5. Minimum distance between spindle and table

6. Minimum distance between spindle and base plate

Fig. 2.1 Drilling machine

7. Working surface of table (i.e., diameter)

8. Range of spindle speeds

9. Range of power feed per revolution

10. Motor speed, and

11. Motor power

The complete specifications of a drill will include various other data also. This, it is hoped, will

be clearer through a concrete example. Given below, for this purpose, are the complete


3

specifications of a drilling machine of model 20 mm light duty pillar drilling machine

manufactured by Heena Machine Products, Rajkot, India.

Table 2.1 – Specification of 20 mm light duty pillar drilling machine

Drilling Cap. ( in steel ) 20 mm

Column Dia. 74 mm

Centre of Spindle to Column 205 mm

Max. Distance Spindle to Table 750 mm

Max. Distance Spindle to Base 915 mm

Spindle Travel 110 mm

No. of Speed 8

Range of speed 86 to 3300 RPM

Table Size 375 mm Dia.

Base Size (Machined area) 470 x 290 mm

V- Belt Section A - 44

Elec. Motor - 1440 RPM 1 H.P. / 1440 rpm

Weight of Machine (Approx.) 105 Kg

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Manufacturing processes-1

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology

1

EXPERIMENT NO - 3

Objective: To study about milling machine.

3.1 Introduction

The milling machine, invented by Eli Whitney in 1818, carries out cutting operation on a

workpiece with a revolving cutter as the workpiece is fed against it. A milling cutter has a series

of cutting edge on its circumference. Each acts as an individual cutter during the cycle of

rotation.

Depending upon the type of milling operation, the cutters used on a milling machine have

different shapes and sizes. These cutters are held on the arbor or attached directly to the

spindle to carry out the operation. The milling machine is the most versatile machine for

machining flat or formed surfaces with excellent finish and accuracy. The various operations

that can be performed on it are cutting angles on workpieces, slots, gear teeth, boring and

surface machining.

3.2 Classification of milling machines

Milling machines are classified in a variety of ways.

1. According to the drive, milling machines are classified as

A. Cone-pulley belt drive

B. Individual motor drive.

2. According to design, milling machines are classified as:

A. Column and knee-type milling machine

B. Planer milling machine

C. Fixed bed-type milling machine

D. Special milling machines, such as rotary table, duplicating and profiling.

3. According to the position of the spindle, milling machines are classified as:

A. Horizontal spindle milling machines

B. Vertical spindle milling machines

The spindle of the horizontal milling machine is horizontal to the worktable, while the

spindle of the vertical milling machine is at right angles to the worktable. In a vertical milling

machine, the cutter can be raised or lowered by an adjustment of the spindle head. In all

milling machines, the worktable can be moved to any position to carry out the operations.

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2

3.3 The Principal parts of a milling machine

A description of the principal parts of a milling machine follows.

Column

The main casting of a milling machine is known as the column. It encloses and supports all the

parts of a milling machine.

Knee:

It is a unit attached in front of the column. It moves up and down on the slide ways and

encloses the feed change gearing mechanism.

Table

It is an attachment provided at the top of the knee. It is used for holding workpieces for

machining and can be moved in a longitudinal as well as a crosswise direction.

Spindle

It is a large shaft located at the top of the column having a tapered hole in front of it. The

tapered hole is used for holding arbors and cutting tools.

Over arm

The portion at the top of the column above the spindle is called the over arm. It is used for

supporting arbors and can be moved forward and backward.

Figure 4.1 – Milling machine

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3

3.4 Operations performed on milling machine

1. Face Milling - machining flat surfaces which are at right angle to the axis of the cutter.

2. Plain or Slab Milling - machining flat surfaces which are parallel to the axis of the cutter.

3. Angular Milling - machining flat surfaces which are at an inclination to the axis of the cutter.

4. Form Milling - machining surfaces having an irregular outline.

5. Gear cutting

3.5 Specification of milling machine

In table 3.1, specification for horizontal universal geared milling machine, model – Hina – UGM

– 2, is given which is manufactured by Hina Engineers, Rajkot, India

Table 4.1 – Specifications of model UGM - 2

Table

Working surface 1100×250 mm

No. of T – slots 3

Width of T – slots 16

Centre between T – slots 70 mm

Movement

Longitudinal movement of Table (automatic) 725 mm

Range of feed 15.25, 50 mm/min

Cross movement of table (by screw) 250 mm

Vertical movement of table (by screw) 460 mm

After mounting vertical attachment 330 mm

Swivel of table ± 45˚

Milling spindle

Spindle bore 22 mm

Inside taper iso 40

Arbor diameter 25.4 mm

Diameter of spindle in front bearing 55 mm

Revolution of spindle

No. of spindle speed 6

Range of spindle speed 50, 85, 150, 255

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4

Electricals

Main drive electric motor 2 H.P., 1440 rpm

Weight

Net weight (Approx.) 1150 Kg

Table 3.2 - Cutting speeds (in m/min)

Material High speed steel Carbide tip tools

Rough milling Finish milling Rough milling Finish milling

Cast iron 15-18 25-32 60-70 115-135

Malleable iron 25-35 35-50 90-110 140-165

Steels 20-30 25-35 100-110 100-120

High-carbon steel 15-25 20-30 90-100 100-110

Alloy steel 18-25 20-30 85-100 100-110

Copper and its alloy 35-65 50-80 200-220 300-320

Aluminium and its

alloy

120-140 220-250 250-290 350-370

Magnesium and its

alloy

130-150 240-270 270-300 380-400

Stainless steel 25-30 30-40 80-100 100-120

The cutting feed of a material is the distance advanced by the cutter in one complete revolu-

tion. It is generally expressed in mm/min. The normal practice is to give as much feed as the

machine can withstand.

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5

Figure 3.2 – Milling job (Drawing)

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6

Calculation for gear cutting on milling machine:

Raw material Cast iron

Module 2

No. of teeth 32

Cutter selection

Cutter

no.

No. of

teeth

Cutter

no.

No. of

teeth

1 135 5 21 to 25

2 55 to 134 6 17 to 20

3 35 to 54 7 14 to 16

4 26 to 34 8 12 to 13

Now for 32 teeth cutter no. is 4

Depth of cut (2.25 m)

2.25 × 2 = 4.5 mm

Speed of cutter 150 rpm (L and A selection of

handle)

Table speed 15 mm/min (Lever selection C)

Calculation for OD m = OD / (T+2)

OD = 2 × (32 + 2) = 68 mm

Indexing plate selection 40 ÷ N = 40 ÷ 32 = 5/4 = 1 (4/16)

Indexing plate no.

Plate

no.

One side Other side

1 13, 16, 18, 20, 23 -

2 15, 17, 19, 21, 24 27, 28, 31, 37,

41, 47

3 18, 19, 20, 23, 29, 33,

39, 43, 49

15, 17, 19, 21,

27, 31, 37, 41, 47

Now, 16 no of holes are in plate no

1 front side so select it. In it 1 full

revolution and 4 holes are to be

revolved for every cutting teeth.

Table travel 100 point = 1 rev = 1 mm

Saddle travel 1 rev = 5 mm


1

EXPERIMENT NO – 4

Objective: To study about shaper machine

4.1 Introduction

A shaping machine (usually called shaper) is mainly used for producing flat surfaces, which may

be horizontal, vertical or inclined. Sometimes irregular or curved surfaces are also produced by

shapers. In shaping, a tool is given a reciprocation motion with the help of mechanism provided

on the machine that changes circular motion in to the reciprocating motion.

The shaping machine is indispensable in tool rooms due to its great flexibility, easy of work

holding, quick adjustment and used of tools of relatively simple shape and size. It is also very

useful in die making shops, maintenance shops and production shops.

4.2 Working principle

In a shaping machine the job is held in a suitable device (generally vice) clamped rigidly on the

machine table. The cutting tool is held in the tool post mounted on the ram of the shaper.

The arm reciprocates to-and-fro, and in doing so cuts the material held in the vice during the

cutting stroke. Generally, the cutting action takes place in the forward stroke, which is also

known as the cutting stroke.

No cutting of material takes place during the return stroke of the ram which is termed as the

idle stroke. The job is given an index feed with the help of a cross-rail mechanism fitted inside

the table.

4.3 Classification of shapers

Shapers are classified in the following ways:

1. According to the length of stroke

A. 30 cm shaper

B. 40 cm shaper

C. 60 cm shaper

2. According to the cutting action

A. Push type shaper

B. Draw cut type shaper

3. According to the movement of the ram

A. Horizontal shaper

B. Vertical shaper or slotter


2

4. According to the drive

A. Mechanical shapers

B. Crank-driven shapers and Geared shaper

C. Hydraulic shapers

5. According to the method of transmitting power

A. All geared shaper

B. Cone pulley belt-driven shaper

6. According to the movement of the table

A. Simple shaper

B. Universal shaper

4.4 Principal parts of a shaper

Various important parts of a shaper machine is listed below as illustrated in figure 5.1.

a. Base

It is the main body of the machine. It consist all element of machine. It works as pillar for other

parts. Base is made by cast iron which can take all compressive loads

b. Column

Column is attached to the base. It provides the housing for the crank slider mechanism. The

slide ways are attached upper section of column which provide path for ram motion.

c. Cross-rail

It consist vertical and horizontal table sideways which allow the motion of table. It is attach

with some cross movement mechanism.

d. Table

It is the metal body attached over the frame. Its main function is to hold the work piece and vice

over it. It has two T slots which used to clamp vice and work piece over it.

e. Ram

It is the main part of the shaper machine. It holds the tool and provides the reciprocating

motion to it. It is made by cast iron and move over ways on column.

f. Tool head

It is situated at the front of the ram. Its main function is to hold the cutting tool. The tool can

be adjusted on it by some of clamps.


3

Fig. 4.1 Principal Parts of a Shaper

4.4 Operations performed on a shaper

Horizontal cutting

Cutting vertical and angular surfaces

Irregular cutting

Machining a thin job on a shaper

Keyway cutting

Fig. 4.2 Shaper machine


4

4.5 Shaper size and specification

The shaper machine is specified by the below factors:

1. Maximum distance from table to ram

2. Size of side table top

3. Size of side table

4. Power of motor

5. Maximum vertical travel of tool slide.

6. Ram cycles per minute or strokes per minute

7. Approximate net weight

8. Floor space required

Table 4.1 – Specifications for Anoop brand (Rajkot, India) shaping machine (Model – ASM - 18”)

Length of stroke 475 mm

Length of ram 990 mm

Working stroke 450 mm

No. of speeds to ram 3

Table travel horizontal 400 mm

Distance from ram to the table 320 mm

Working surface of the table 300 × 300 × 400 mm

Tool head vertical adjustment 112 mm

Size of tool post bolt 23 × 45 mm

Size of base plate 450 × 1200 mm

More recommended 1.5 HP

RPM 1440

Vice opening 200 mm

Width of the jaws 225 mm

Depth of jaws 60 mm


5

Fig. 4.3 job on shaper machine (Drawing)




1

EXPERIMENT NO - 5

Objective: To Study about slotting Machine

5.1 Introduction

The slotting machine is a reciprocating machine tool in which, the ram holding the tool

reciprocates in a vertical axis and the cutting action of the tool is only during the downward

stroke.

The slotting machine is used for cutting grooves, keys and slots of various shapes making

regular and irregular surfaces both internal and external cutting internal and external gears

and profiles.

The slotter machine can be used on any type of work where vertical tool movement is

considered essential and advantageous.

5.2 Components slotting machine

The slotter can be considered as a vertical shaper and its main parts are:

1. Base, column and table

2. Ram and tool head assembly

3. Saddle and cross slide

4. Ram drive mechanism and feed mechanism.

Fig. 5.1 slotting machine




2

a. Base

The base of the slotting machine is rigidly built to take up all the cutting forces.

b. Column

The front face of the vertical column has guide ways for Tool the reciprocating ram.

c. Ram

The ram supports the tool head to which the tool is attached.

d. Table

The work piece is mounted on the table which can be given longitudinal, cross and rotary feed

motion.

5.3 Technical specification of slotting machine

A slotting machine specification is given in table 5.1. The given machine is manufactured by

Tulsi Engineering Co., Rajkot, India.

Table 5.1 – Specification of slotting machine model TEC - 150

Model TEC - 150

Adjustable stroke 10 to 150 mm

Longitudinal movement 200 mm

Cross movement 110 mm

Speed adjustment 3 speeds

Ram adjustment 150 mm

H.P. 1 H.P.

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1

EXPERIMENT NO - 6

Objective: To study of sawing machine

6.1 Introduction

Sawing is an important first operation carried out in a workshop for producing bar stocks for

subsequent machining operations. Although sawing operation is often carried out on machine

tools, but their application is restricted to small pieces to a limited extent. Special purpose ma-

chines are needed for the mass production of miscellaneous workpieces.

6.2 Parts of a hacksaw machine

a. Bed:

The bed is available as a single piece casting. it has wide rigid casting for the collection of

coolant, Swarf and also houses the v-belt device.

b. Saw Frame

The rigid saw frame ensures a square & parallel cut & the cut takes place on the backward pull

stroke.

c. The Drive

The drive is attached through v-pulleys with provision to adjust the complete tension of the v-

belts.

Fig. 6.1 Power hacksaw machine

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2

d. Feed Saw

Two levers are provided to hydraulically control the feed saw at the dash spot. One control the

rate of feed and the other enables the bow slide to be raised or lowered and after the

completion of the cut, the motor gets automatically switched off.

e. Vice

The vice is rigid construction. It has two jaws, one jaw remains fixed and the other is adjusted

accordingly to the size of material to be cut.

f. Coolant

A coolant tank is enclosed within the base of machines with constant speed to supply

continuous cooling to the saw blade.

g. Electricals

A Push Button Starter is fitted with an adjustable trip mechanism that helps in stopping the

machine soon when the blade is clear from the work at extra cost.

6.3 Blade specifications

A power saw blade is specified by the

1. Material of the blade

2. Length of the blade

3. Width of the blade

4. Thickness of the blade

5. Pitch of the teeth

6.4 Specification of Power Saws

A power saw machine is usually designated by the size of the bar stock that can be cut on it. It is

mainly specified by the

1. Length of the blade to be fitted on the machine

2. Stroke length

3. Number of strokes per minute

4. Type of drive

5. Power required for the machine drive

The specification of hacksaw machine manufactured by Kohinoor Engineering Works, Rajkot,

India, is given below:

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3

Table 6.1 – Specification of hacksaw machine manufactured by KEW

Description Dimension

Cutting capacity 170 mm

Saw blade 14 inch

Motor 1 H.P.

V – belt B – 54 × A - 32

weight 190 Kg

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1

EXPERIMENT NO - 7

Objective: To study about grinding machine

7.1 Introduction

Grinding is a metal removing process performed with the help of grinding wheel. It is employed

for finishing various parts, such as engine crankshafts, splined shafts, lathe guide ways, long

pipes, worms, toothed gears, pinions, racks, and surfaces. The various operations performed on

grinding machines are

1. Grinding flat surfaces

2. Cutting off blanks

3. External and internal cylindrical grinding

4. Tapered and complexed surface grinding

5. Gear tooth grinding

6. Screw thread grinding

7. Cutting tools grinding

These days grinding is used mainly for the following purposes:

1. To remove a small amount of metal from workpieces and finish them to close tolerances

2. To obtain a better surface finish

3. To machine hard surfaces that cannot be

4. machined by high-speed steels

5. Sharpening of cutting tools

6. Grinding of threads

7. Sometimes it is used for removing bigger stocks of metals.

Fig. 7.1 Bench grinding machine

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2

Abrasives used for making grinding wheels are very hard, have poor heat sensitivity and can

thus be used at high speeds. The biggest advantage of grinding wheels is their self-sharpening

property.

7.2 Manufacture of grinding wheels

The manufacture of grinding wheels involves the following steps:

1. Ascertain the purity of the abrasive.

2. Crush the abrasive into small particles.

3. Again remove the impurity

4. Sieve the particles to the required size.

5. Mix the abrasive particles with a calculated amount of bonding material.

6. Pour the materials in moulds, press and dry.

7. After drying, bake the moulds by heating to a suitable temperature.

8. Cut the mould to the required shape and size.

9. Inspect the component and test for proper working.

7.3 Marking system for grinding wheel

IS: 551-1966 lays down the rules for the marking system of grinding wheels. The marking system

comprises seven standards. These are:

Manufacturer's symbol

1. Type of abrasive

2. Grain size of abrasive

3. Grade of abrasive

4. Structure (optional)

5. Type of bond

6. Identification mark (optional).

The grain size of a grinding wheel varies from 8 to 600. 8 denotes the coarsest grain, while 600

denotes the finest.

The type of bond is designated by the following letters

V - Vitrified

S - Silicate

R - Rubber

RF - Rubber reinforced

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3

B - Resinoid (synthetic resin)

BF - Resinoid reinforced

E-Shellac

Mg-Magnesia

7.4 Specification of grinding machine

The specification of bench grinding machine manufactured by RAECO. Rajkot, India, is given as

below:

Table 7.1 – Specification of grinding machine manufactured by RAECO

Description Dimension

No load speed 2800 rpm

Wheel diameter 8 inches

wheel thickness 1 inch

Arbor hole 5 / 8 inch

Motor 0.75 H.P.

Documents

Manufacturing process-I (2131903) · 2019. 11. 19. · MANUFACTURING PROCESSES –I (2131903) B.E. Semester- III INDEX Sr. No. Description Starting Date Ending Date Sign Remark 1