MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY October 2017, Vol. 17, …journal.strojirenskatechnologie.cz/templates/obalky_casopis/XVII... · Adriana Bernatiková, Filip Pr ůša, Pavel Novák 669-674

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY October 2017, Vol. 17, No. 5

Advisory BoardProf. hab. Dr. Stanislav Adamczak, MSc.

Politechnika Kielce, PolandProf. Dana Bolibruchová, MSc. PhD.

UZ in Zilina, SlovakiaProf. Milan Brožek, MSc., Ph.D.

CULS in Prague, CzechProf. Dr. M. Numan Durakbasa

Vienna University of Technology, AustriaProf. Dr. František Holešovský, MSc.

president, JEPU in Usti n. Labem, CzechProf. Jiří Hrubý, MSc., Ph.D.

VSB TU of Ostrava, CzechProf. h. c. Stanislaw Legutko, MSc., Sc.D.

Politechnika Poznańska, PolandProf. Antonin Kriz, MSc., Ph.D.

University of West Bohemia, CzechProf. Karel Kocman, MSc., Sc.D.

TBU in Zlin, CzechProf. Pavel Kovac, MSc., Ph.D.

University of Novi Sad, SerbiaProf. Dr. János Kundrák, MSc., Sc.D.

University of Miskolc, HungaryProf. Ivan Kuric, MSc., Ph.D.

UZ in Zilina, SlovakiaProf. Jan Mádl, MSc., Ph.D.

CTU in Prague, CzechProf. Ioan D. Marinescu, Ph.D.

University of Toledo, USAProf. Štefan Michna, MSc., PhD.

JEPU in Usti n. Labem, CzechProf. Dr. Ivan Mrkvica, MSc.

VSB TU of Ostrava, CzechProf. Iva Nová, MSc., Ph.D.

TU in Liberec, CzechProf. Dr. Hitoshi Ohmori, MSc.

RIKEN, JapanProf. Ing. Ľubomír Šooš, PhD.

SUT in Bratislava, SlovakiaProf. Dr. Dalibor Vojtěch, MSc.

ICHT in Prague, CzechCol. Assoc. Prof. Milan Chalupa, Ph.D.

FMT, University of Defence, CzechAssoc. Prof. Jan Jersák, MSc., Ph.D.

TU in Liberec, CzechAssoc. Prof. Daniela Kalincova, MSc., PhD.

TU in Zvolen, SlovakiaAssoc. Prof. Pavel Novák, MSc., Ph.D.

ICHT in Prague, CzechAssoc. Prof. Iveta Vaskova, MSc., PhD.

FM, TU in Kosice, SlovakiaDr. Michael N. Morgan

John Moores University, Great BritainDr. Thomas Pearce

UWE Bristol, Great Britain

Editor-in-chief Assoc. Prof. Martin Novak, Eng. MSc., Ph.D.

EditorRadek Lattner, MSc.

Editorial Office AddressJ. E. Purkyne University in Usti n. Labem

FME, Campus UJEP, Building HPasteurova 3334/7, 400 01 Usti n. Labem

Czech RepublicTel.: +420 475 285 534

e-mail: [email protected]

PrintPrintPoint Ltd, Prague

PublisherJ. E. Purkyne University in Usti n. Labem

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VAT: CZ44555601

Published 6 p. a., 300 pcs.published in October 2017,

240 pages

Permission: MK CR E 20470

ISSN 1213–2489indexed on: http://www.scopus.com

Content

647-652 Impact of Contaminants in Motor Oil on the Wear of Aluminum Parts of the Internal Combustion Engine Zdeněk Aleš, Jindřich Pavlů, Jaroslava Svobodová, Marián Kučera, Monika Hromasová, Martin Pexa

652-658 Improving the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of an Aluminium Substrate by Deposition of TiCN Coatings Totka Bakalova, Nikolay Petkov, Hristo Bahchedzhiev, Pavel Kejzlar, Petr Louda, Marián Ďurák

658-665 The SEM Investigation of Inconel 718 Fatigue Process at Various Loading Conditions Juraj Belan, Michal Jambor, Lenka Kuchariková, Eva Tillová, Mária Chalupová, Miloš Matvija

665-668 Phase Composition of Mechanically Alloyed Titanium and Iron Aluminides Adriana Bernatiková, Filip Průša, Pavel Novák

669-674 Evaluating the Attenuation in Ultrasonic Testing for AlSi Alloys Castings Michal Bohacik, Milos Mician, Radoslav Konar

675-679 Impact of the Elements Affecting the Negative Iron-Based Phases Morphology in Aluminium Alloys – Summary Results Dana Bolibruchová, Marek Brůna

680-685 Influence of Moisture Content of Feedstock Materials on Briquettes Properties Milan Brožek

685-690 Modification of the AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy Using Antimony Jaromir Cais, Jaroslava Svobodova, Dana Stancekova

691-695 Characterization of Composite Material with Magnesium Matrix Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Drahomir Dvorsky, Jiri Kubasek, Dalibor Vojtěch

696-701 Influence of Process Conditions on Additive Manufacture of Ti6Al4V Alloy by SLM Technology Michaela Fousova, Dalibor Vojtech

701-706 Natural Aging Behaviour of the EN AW 6082 and Lead Free EN AW 6023 Aluminium Alloys Martin Fujda, Miloš Matvija, Miroslav Glogovský, Ivan Orišenko 706-710 Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Milled Carbon Fibers Reinforced EN AW 6082 Aluminium Matrix Composites after Hot Extrusion Miroslav Glogovský, Martin Fujda, Martin Balog, Matej Štěpánek

710-717Determination of Oil Change Interval for Gasoline Engines According to the Amount of Non-Ferrous Metals Vladimír Hönig

717-722Analysis of the Properties Aluminium Casting Motorcycle Forks Arm after Compression Test Daniela Kalincová, Miroslava Ťavodová, Sylvia Kuśmierczak

722-728 Microstructure of Polymer Composite Materials Martina Kalova, Sona Rusnakova

729-733 Dust Concentration in Air during the Aluminium Alloy AlCu4Mg Milling Operations Pavel Kic, Miroslav Müller


Content

733-738 High-Temperature Behaviour of Ti-Al-Si Alloys Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering Anna Knaislová, Vendula Šimůnková, Pavel Novák, Filip Průša

738-741 The Microstructure Evolution of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy after Deformation by Equal Channel Angular Pressing Barbora Křivská, Michaela Šlapáková, Olexandr Grydin, Miroslav Cieslar

742-746 Influence of Laser Beam on Polymer Material Milena Kubisova, Vladimir Pata, Libuse Sykorova, Jana Knedlova

747-752 Influence of the Heat Treatment on Corrosion Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of the AA 7075 Alloy Vojtěch Kučera, Dalibor Vojtěch

752-756 Effect of Deformation Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low Alloyed Steel Ludmila Kučerová, Martin Bystrianský, Štěpán Jeníček, Pavel Francisko

756-761 High-cycles Fatigue of Different Casted Secondary Aluminium Alloy Lenka Kuchariková, Eva Tillová, Milan Uhríčik, Juraj Belan, Ivana Švecová

761-766 Analysis of Mechanical Properties of AlSi9Mg Alloy with Al, Ti and B Additions Tomasz Lipiński

766-772 The Effect of Homogenization Parameters on the Structure of EN AW-6082 Alloy Jan Luštinec, Vladivoj Očenášek, Miroslav Jelínek jr.

772-777 Structure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloys AlSi10 and AlSi5Mg Jiří Machuta, Iva Nová, Pavel Kejzlar

778-782 Possibilities for Change of Thermoplastic Tensile Properties Using Admixture of Recyclable Material Ján Majerník, Ján Kmec, Monika Karková, Martin Podaři

782-786 Powder Metallurgy Prepared Al Alloys and Their „Self-Healing“ Possibilities Alena Michalcová, Anna Knaislová, Ivo Marek, Zbyněk Veselka, Jaroslav Vavřík, Tadeáš Bastl, Tomáš Hrdlička, Daniel Kučera, Luana Luwan Sun, Dalibor Vojtěch

786-790 Defects in the Surface Layer of Pure Molybdenum after WEDM Katerina Mouralova, Libor Benes, Radim Zahradnicek

791-796 Effect of Surface Treatment of Adhesive Bonded Sheet of Aluminium Alloy EN AW 2024 T3 on Adhesive Bond Strength Created by Means of Structural Two-Component Adhesive Miroslav Müller

797-804 The Influence of Microalloying on the Thermal Treatment of Aluminum Bronzes Iva Nová, Jiří Machuta, Luboš Raur

804-811 Metallurgy of the Aluminium Alloys for High-Pressure Die Casting Iva Novakova, Jaromir Moravec, Pavel Kejzlar

811-815 Research of Application Possibilities of Selected Mechanically Alloyed Metal Powders Jan Novotný, Irena Lysoňková, Štefan Michna, Nataša Náprstková

815-819 The Influence of Manganese on Elimination Harmful Effect of Iron with Different Level of Iron in the Alloy Based on Al-Si-Mg Radka Podprocká, Dana Bolibruchová

819-822 Ultra-High Strength Ti Grade 4 Prepared by Intensive Plastic Deformation Filip Průša, Adriana Bernatiková, Jan Palan

823-827 Unconventional Materials Usage in Design of Vehicle Bodies Karel Raz, Jan Hora, Petr Pavlata


Content

827-831 Influence of Alloying Elements on Properties of Ni-Ti-X5 Alloys Consolidated by SparkbPlasma Sintering Pavel Salvetr, Andrea Školáková, Filip Průša, Pavel Novák

831-837 Dispersion of Mechanical Properties of Commercial Aluminum Alloys within Their Material Standards Jan Serak, Dalibor Vojtech

838-842 Formation of Phases in Ti-Al System at 800 °C Andrea Školáková, Pavel Salvetr, Pavel Novák, Michaela Nývltová

842-847 New Application in Technological Preparations for Investment Casting Production in Aircraft Industry Augustín Sládek, Richard Pastirčák, Marek Brůna, Anna Remišová

848-853 Thermal Treatment Influence on the Change of Alloy EN AW-6082 Mechanical Properties Pavel Solfronk, Jiri Sobotka, Michaela Kolnerova, David Korecek

853-858 Difference between Cutting Surface of Al Foam and Solid Al Machined by WEDM Technology František Špalek, Marek Sadílek, Robert Čep, Jana Petrů, Jiří Kratochvíl, Tomáš Čegan

858-863 Quality Analysis of AlTi5B1 Master Alloys Jaroslava Svobodova, Peter Hajdúch

863-869 The Structure of the Aluminium Alloy and Its Influence on the Fatigue Properties Milan Uhríčik, Peter Palček, Mária Chalupová, Tatiana Oršulová

869-874 Tensile Strength of Al Particles/Sisal Fibres Hybrid Composite with Epoxy Matrix Petr Valášek

875-880 Dynamic Planning for Product Platform and Module Based on Graph Theory Yongming Wu, Han Zhang, Lifei Luo,Yanxia Xu

OCTOBER 2017, Vol. 17, No. 5 – INTERNATIONAL REVIEWERS AND EDITORS LIST

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Impact of Contaminants in Motor Oil on the Wear of Aluminum Parts of the Internal Com-bustion Engine

Zdeněk Aleš1, Jindřich Pavlů1, Jaroslava Svobodová2, Marián Kučera3, Monika Hromasová4, Martin Pexa1 1Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department for Quality and Dependability of Ma-chines, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] [email protected] 2Faculty of Mecahnical Engineering, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 7, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected]. 3Faculty of Environmental and Manufacturing Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Department of Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering and Design, Študentská 26, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia, E-mail: [email protected] 4Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automa-tion, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected]

The design of internal combustion engine use plain bearings, pistons and piston-rod which are based on alumi-nium, brass. Further are used steels with coating based on aluminium and bronze. The paper describes the impact of contaminants in motor oil on wear of materials, which are used in production of parts of internal combustion engine. Reichert tester M2 for evaluation the lubricity from Petrotest Company was used in order to assess ability of motor oils to create proper lubricating film. Reichert tester M2 belongs to a group of equipment simulating real frictional contact. Wear particles come into oil in lubrication system, where they cause contamination and degra-dation of lubricating properties and consequently it may result in major failure of machines. Among these conta-minants are included mainly water, fuel, water coolant, adhesive, abrasive and fatigue particles wear. The aim of research was focused only on oil contaminated with fuel including petrol, diesel and biobutanol.

Keywords: Wear particles, Reichert test, Particle morphology, Oil contamination

Acknowledgement

Paper was created with the grant support – CZU CIGA 2017 - 20153001 - Use of butanol in internal combustion engines.

References

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ČERNÝ, J. (2006). Vlastnosti motorových olejů. Díl osmý – Palivo v oleji. AutoExpert. 2006, č. 10, s. 40-42. ISSN 1211-2380.

FISCHER, T.E, Z ZHU, H KIM, D.S SHIN. (2000). Genesis and role of wear debris in sliding wear of cera-mics. Wear [online]. 245(1-2), 53-60 [cit. 2017-08-15]. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00465-8. ISSN 00431648.

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MÜLLER, M., VALASEK, P. (2012): Abrasive wear effect on Polyethylene, Polyamide 6 and polymeric par-ticle composites. Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 12, No. 12, pp. 55-59.

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Paper number: M2017116 Copyright © 2017. Published by Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.



Improving the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of an Aluminium Substrate by Deposi-tion of TiCN Coatings

Totka Bakalova1, Nikolay Petkov2, Hristo Bahchedzhiev2, Pavel Kejzlar1, Petr Louda3, Marián Ďurák3 1Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.E-mail:[email protected], [email protected] 2Central Laboratory of Applied Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 61, St. Peterburg Blvd. 4000 Plovdiv, Bulga-ria.E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Material Science, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic.E-mail:[email protected], [email protected]

The article presents an investigation of the influence of coating deposition parameters, in particular a variation with 50% of both cathodic arc current and bias voltage, on the mechanical and tribological properties of TiCN coatings on an aluminium substrate deposited by the cathodic arc evaporation of metals at a constant gas flow ratio between C2H2 and N2 of 17.65 % / 82.35 %. The determined nanohardness values for the samples examined are in the range of 10 to 23 GPa. Surface morphology and chemical composition were estimated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) of SEM. The tribological behaviour of the TiCN layers was examined using the “Ball-on-Disk” method (ASTM G99-95) and using a ball made of Al2O3 as a counter-part and a load of 10N. The friction coefficient was measured in the range of 0.182 to 0.116.

Keywords: Cathodic arc deposition, TiCN coatings, Aluminium substrate, Coefficient of friction

Acknowledgement

This paper was supported by the project LO1201, through the financial support of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports in the framework of the targeted support of the “National Programme for Sustainability I” and the OPR&DI project “Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation” registration number CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0005. We would like to thank Craig Hampson for his help with English language correction.

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BAKALOVA, T., PETKOV, N., BLAŽEK, T., KEJZLAR, P., LOUDA, P., VOLESKÝ, L. (2016). Influence of Coating Process Parameters on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Thin Films, pp. 59-63, Defect and Diffusion Forum, 368.

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PETKOV, N., BAKALOVA, T., BAHCHEDZHIEV, H., KEJZLAR, P., LOUDA, P. (2017). Influence of Coating Deposition Parameters on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of TiCN Coatings, pp. 98-107, Journal of Nano Research, Vol. 49.

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The SEM Investigation of Inconel 718 Fatigue Process at Various Loading Conditions

Juraj Belan1, Michal Jambor1, Lenka Kuchariková1, Eva Tillová1, Mária Chalupová1, Miloš Matvija2 1University of Žilina, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Univerzitná 8215/1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Metallurgy, Institute of Materials, Letná 9, 04200 Košice, Slovakia. E-mail: [email protected]

Fracture surfaces of specimens broken by cyclic loading provide valuable information about individual stages of fatigue process. Changes in the loading conditions (character of fatigue loading, stress amplitude level, influence of cycle asymmetry ratio R, testing temperature, environment of test, etc.) and in the structure of tested material as well cause changes in the fatigue process, whose have effect on fracture surface resulting in change of fatigue properties. In this paper, authors describe the changes of fatigue process of nickel base superalloy Inconel 718 as a result of loading conditions change using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) microfractography analysis of fractured surfaces. The various fatigue loading were, at the first, regular push-pull loading with asymmetry ratio R = -1 and frequency f = approx. 20 000 kHz (High Frequency and High Cycles fatigue Loading - HFL) and the second was three-point flexure loading with asymmetry ratio R = 0.116 ÷ 0.507 and frequency f = approx. 150 Hz (Low Frequency and High Cycles fatigue Loading - LFL). All fatigue tests were done at room temperature.

Keywords: Fatigue process, Push-pull loading, Three-point flexure loading, SEM surface fractography, Inconel 718 alloy

Acknowledgement

The project presented in this article is supported by Scientific Grant Agency of Ministry of Education of The Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences, No. 1/0533/15, No. 049ŽU-4/2017 and project EU ITMS 26220220154.

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Phase Composition of Mechanically Alloyed Titanium and Iron Aluminides

Adriana Bernatiková, Filip Průša, Pavel Novák University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected]

Aluminides belong in these days group of materials, which can be used as a good replacement of stainless steels, for whom they owe attractive mechanical properties, or nickel superalloys, which are too heavy. These materials are used in aerospace industry as well as in automotive industry. Good corrosion and oxidation resistance and high specific strenght even up to high temperatures predict them to be also used for high temperature applications. In this paper, mechanical alloying was used. During mechanical alloying differences between TiAl and FeAl sys-tems were seen. Iron aluminide formed single phased structure, whereas titanium aluminide formed preferentially two-phase structure.

Keywords: mechanical alloying, titanium aluminides, iron aluminides, phase composition

Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by Czech Science Foundation, project No. 17-07559S and by specific uni-versity research (MSMT No 20-SVV/2017).

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Evaluating the Attenuation in Ultrasonic Testing for AlSi Alloys Castings

Michal Bohacik, Milos Mician, Radoslav Konar University of Zilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zilina, Zilina. Slovak Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

This paper considers the assessment of attenuation in aluminium alloys castings prepared by gravity casting met-hod and under pressure. The issue of ultrasound attenuation is important in setting the conditions of non-de-structive testing, especially in casted materials. The characteristics of the ultrasonic technique, the calculation of the attenuation and the velocity of ultrasound are presented in the theoretical part of this paper. For experimental measurements, cylindrical castings from AlSi alloy were made. The ultrasonic records of the casting control, the calculation of ultrasound attenuation for individual samples as well as the microstructures are listed and described in the experimental part. The evaluation of measurements and comparison of calculated ultrasound attenuation is at the end of this article.

Keywords: AlSi alloy, technological casting parameters, ultrasound attenuation.

References

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KOŇÁR, R., BOHÁČIK, M., MIČIAN, M. (2016). Defect Identification in Butt Weld Joint by Ultrasonic Method Phased Array and X-Ray Technique. In.: Manufacturing Technology, Volume 16 (5), 2016, pp. 955-961. ISSN 1213-2489.

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PASTIRČÁK, R. (2014). Effect of Low Pressure Application during Solidification on Microstructure of AlSi Alloys. In.: Manufacturing Technology, Volume 14 (3), 2014, pp. 397-402. ISSN 1213-2489.

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NÁPRSTKOVÁ, N., ČERVINKA, R., KUSMIERCZAK, S., CAIS, J. (2015). Modifications AlSi9CuMnNi Alloy by Antimony and Heat Treatment and Their Influence on the Resulting Structure. In.: Manufacturing Technology, Volume 15 (4), 2015, pp. 634-638. ISSN 1213-2489.

MOHYLA, P., TOMČÍK, P., BENEŠ, L., HLAVATÝ, I. (2011). Effect of Post-Welding Heat Treatment on Se-condary Hardening of Welded Joints of Cr - Mo - V Steel. Metal Science and Heat Treatment, Vol. 53, No: 7-8, 2011, pp. 374-378, ISSN 0026-0673.

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KOŇÁR, R., MIČIAN, M. (2014). Non-destructive testing of welds in gas pipelines repairs with Phased Array ultrasonic technique. In: Manufacturing technology, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2014, pp. 42-47. ISSN 1213-2489.

KOŇÁR, R., MIČIAN, M., HLAVATÝ, I. (2014). Defect detection in pipelines during operation using magnetic flux leakage and phased array ultrasonic method. In.: Manufacturing Technology, Volume 14 (3), pp. 337-341. ISSN 1213-2489.




Impact of the Elements Affecting the Negative Iron-Based Phases Morphology in Aluminium Alloys – Summary Results

Dana Bolibruchová, Marek Brůna Department of technological engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], Tel.: + 421 41 513 2772

The presented article includes a summary of the experimental works regarding the possibility of using and repla-cing more expensive primary alloys with secondary alloys. Although the use of secondary alloys is relatively widespread today, they are mostly used for the production of lower or medium quality castings, respectively with a low ratio of primary and secondary alloys. Experimental works was aimed at the additional processing of the secondary alloys by suitable methods or their combination, to achieve a secondary alloy with mechanical proper-ties similar to the primary one, thus enabling the use of such an alloy to produce high-quality castings. Correctors used during experimental works are Cr, Ni, V and their combination applied to various aluminium alloys with different chemical composition.

Keywords: Secondary alloy, aluminium, iron-based phase, high-quality castings

Acknowledgement

This work was created within the framework of the VEGA project grant no. 1/0494/17. The authors thank the grant agency for their support.

References

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RICHTÁRECH, L., BOLIBRUCHOVÁ, D. (2014). Effect of selected elements on the microstructure of secondary Al-Si alloys. In: Manufacturing technology, Vol. 14, no. 3 (2014), s. 431-437, ISSN 1213-2489.

BOLIBRUCHOVA, D., RICHTARECH, L., DOBOSZ, S., M., MAJOR-GABRYS, K. (2017). Utilisation of Mould Temperature Change in Eliminating the Al5FeSI Phases in Secondary AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy. In Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 2017, vol. 62, no. 1, p. 357–362, ISSN 1733-3490.

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Influence of Moisture Content of Feedstock Materials on Briquettes Properties

Milan Brožek Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sci-ences Prague. Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]

Current contribution contains of results of experimental measurements performed within the determination of initial raw feedstock materials moisture content and its influence on final properties of subsequently produced briquettes. A birch wood chips samples with five different moisture contents, specifically 5.0%, 7.6%, 16.7%, 19.0% and 27.7%, were used for experimental investigations. Investigated briquette samples were produced by hydraulic high–pressure briquetting press Briklis, type BrikStar 30–12 with cylindrical pressing chamber of 50 mm. All investigated briquette samples were produced under the same conditions with constant adjustment of all parameters of used briquetting press. A basic physical–mechanical properties of investigated briquette samples were used as a criteria of investigations evaluation. All measured values were subjected to the statistical analysis. Final evaluation of measured values indicated that best results were achieved by briquette samples produced from feedstock material with moisture content equal to 7.6%. Evaluation of current investigation also proved that if moisture content was higher or lower, the quality of produced briquette samples decreased.

Keywords: birch wood chips, ash amount, gross calorific value, total moisture content, density, rupture force

Acknowledgement

The research has been supported by the project “Statement of suitability of exotic and local waste biomass for solid biofuel production within its energy potential evaluation (Stanovení vhodnosti exotické i lokální odpadní biomasy k produkci tuhých biopaliv na základě zhodnocení jejího energetického potenciálu)”, financed by IGA, Faculty of En-gineering, CULS Prague, Nr. 2017:31140/1312/3112.

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Modification of the AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy Using Antimony

Jaromir Cais1, Jaroslava Svobodova1, Dana Stancekova2 1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 7, 400 01 Ústí nad Labem. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina. Slovakia. E-mail: [email protected]

The paper describes the research focused on the influence of the antimony as the modificator in the one of the most common aluminium foundry alloys – alloy AlSi7Mg0.3. The aim of described experiment was to examine the an-timony addition influence on the AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy microstructure changes. The description of the changes was performed based on the analysis realized using confocal laser microscope and electron microscope complemented by energy dispersive spectrometry in microstructure induced by the addition of antimony. The changes in the alloy microstructure, which were evoked by the addition of antimony, caused the mechanical properties changes (espe-cially ductility). This is the main purpose of the Al-Si alloy modification process. Mechanical properties of the alloy were analysed using static tensile test and the main parameter of the observed changes was the increase in ductility.

Keywords: Al-Si Alloy, Microstructure Changes, Modification, Ductility, Antimony

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Characterization of Composite Material with Magnesium Matrix Prepared by Powder Metal-lurgy

Drahomir Dvorsky, Jiri Kubasek, Dalibor Vojtěch Faculty of chemical technology, department of metals and corrosion engineering, UCT Prague, Technická 5 166 28 Praha 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Magnesium is biocompatible metal with mechanical properties similar to the bone tissue. Therefore it is suitable metal for biodegradable implants. There are high demands on mechanical and corrosion properties of materials for such use. Pure magnesium is usually characterized by poor properties which have to be improved. Properties are usually enhanced by alloying elements. However those elements are usually not biocompatible. Alternative way to improve both mechanical and corrosion properties is using composite materials. Reinforcement should improve mechanical properties and reduce corrosion rate by barrier effect. In present work, composite material with magnesium matrix and CaCO3 reinforcement was prepared. The structure, hardness, compressive mechan-ical properties and corrosion properties are characterized.

Keywords: Magnesium, composite, mechanical properties, corrosion.

Aknowledgement

Authors wish to thank the Czech Science Foundation (project no. P108/12/G043) and specific university research (MSMT no. 20-SVV/2017) for the financial support of this research.

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DVORSKY, D., KUBASEK, J., VOJTECH, D., CAVOJSKY, M. (2016). Structure and mechanical properties of WE43 prepared by powder metallurgy route. Manufacturing Technology, 16 (5), 896-902.

KUBASEK, J., VOJTECH, D., DVORSKY, D. (2017). The effect of thermo-mechanical processing on the structure, static mechanical properties and fatigue behaviour of pure Mg. Materiali in Tehnologije, 51 (2), 289-296.

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KHANRA, A. K., JUNG, H. C., HONG, K. S., SHIN, K. S. (2010). Comparative property study on extruded Mg–HAP and ZM61–HAP composites. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 527 (23), 6283-6288.




Influence of Process Conditions on Additive Manufacture of Ti6Al4V Alloy by SLM Techno-logy

Michaela Fousova, Dalibor Vojtech Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and tech-nology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Selective laser melting (SLM) is the most widespread method of additive manufacture of metallic materials. Pro-ducts are build up by selective melting of input powder material and joining it together successively in thin layers. The additive approach brings along many advantages of which the geometry freedom is the most outstanding and the most appreciated. Nevertheless, despite intensive research in the domain of additive manufacture, there are still some problems, such as insufficient shape precision and surface quality or occurrence of internal defects. These imperfections are related to a high number of variables entering the production process. Present paper thus deals with the influence of various process conditions on final product quality. Specifically, it is focused on prepa-ration of tensile test samples of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V in three different orientations – horizontal, vertical and inclined. Mechanical properties documenting part quality along with microstructure analysis have shown that especially the material plasticity is strongly affected. Porosity, microstructural anisotropy and surface quality are all contributing factors.

Keywords: Titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, Additive manufacture, SLM, process conditions

Acknowledgement

Authors wish to thank the Czech Science Foundation (project no. P108/12/G043) and specific university research (MSMT No. 20-SVV/2017) for the financial support of this research.

References

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O’REGAN, P., PRICKETT, P., SETCHI, R., HANKINS, G., JONES, N. (2016). Metal Based Additive Layer Manufacturing: Variations, Correlations and Process Control. In: Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 96, pp. 216-224.

YADROITSEV, I., (2009). Selective laser melting: Direct manufacturing of 3D-objects by selective laser melting of metal powders. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.

FOUSOVÁ, M., VOJTĚCH, D., KUBÁSEK, J. (2016). Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V prepared by Selective Laser Melting (SLM). In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 691-697.

SIMONELLI, M., TSE, Y., TUCK, C. Further understanding of Ti-6Al-4V selective laser melting using texture analysis, In: Proceedings of 23rd Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, 2012.

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KRAKHMALEV, P., FREDRIKSSON, G., YADROITSAVA, I., KAZANTSEVA, N., PLESSIS, A. D., YADROITSEV, I. (2016). Deformation Behavior and Microstructure of Ti6Al4V Manufactured by SLM. In: Phy-sics Procedia, Vol. 83, pp. 778-788.

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Natural Aging Behaviour of the EN AW 6082 and Lead Free EN AW 6023 Aluminium Alloys

Martin Fujda, Miloš Matvija, Miroslav Glogovský, Ivan Orišenko Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice. Letna 9, 042 00 Kosice. Slovakia. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

The natural aging behaviour of EN AW 6082 aluminium alloy and lead-free EN AW 6023 aluminium alloy with good free cutting machinability was investigated using Vickers microhardness measurements, tensile test analysis, and a light microscopy characterisation. The different chemical composition of the analysed alloys did not affect the alloys microhardness after quenching, but the solid solution grain sizes of the quenched alloys differed greatly. The microhardness and tensile strength of EN AW 6082 increased with aging time right after alloy quenching. On the contrary, microhardness and tensile strength of lead-free EN AW 6023 increased markedly until after 500 hours of natural aging. The natural aging of the 6023 alloy could be suppressed by the formation of Sn-vacancy pairs after alloy quenching that impede the strengthening clusters formation. Finer grains of solid solution that were found in the 6023 alloy microstructure resulted in higher tensile strength and lower ductility of the 6023 alloy compared to the 6082 alloy, even though the microhardness of the naturally aged 6023 alloy state was lower.

Keywords: AlMgSi alloy, Natural aging, Microstructure, Mechanical properties, Sn

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Scientific Grand Agency of Slovak Republic as a grant project VEGA No. 1/0812/16.

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Milled Carbon Fibers Reinforced EN AW 6082 Aluminium Matrix Composites after Hot Extrusion

Miroslav Glogovský1, Martin Fujda1, Martin Balog2, Matej Štěpánek2

1Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Letna 9, 042 00 Kosice, Slovak Repub-lic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9/6319, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovak Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

The microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fibers reinforced EN AW 6082 aluminium matrix com-posites after hot extrusion were investigated. The distribution of carbon fibers in matrix was homogenous and their alignment was in the extruded direction. The microstructure of aluminium matrix alloy in the composites was fine grained, without defects. The heat treatment (annealing at 550 °C for 1 hour, water quenching and arti-ficial aging at 170 °C for 8 hours) caused formation of fine solid solution grains of aluminium alloy and dissolution of Mg2Si particles. The highest value of ultimate tensile strength was achieved in composite reinforced with 10 vol. % of carbon fibers, the worst value was achieved in composite reinforced with 20 vol. % of reinforcement. The application of heat treatment led to an increase of 0.2 yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength of composites compared to extruded states in all types of materials. These changes caused precipitation of β´´- phase particles.

Keywords: hot extrusion, carbon fibers, EN AW 6082 alloy, heat treatment

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Slovak Republic as a grant project VEGA No. 1/0812/16.

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Determination of Oil Change Interval for Gasoline Engines According to the Amount of Non-Ferrous Metals

Vladimír Hönig Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Chemistry, Czech University of Life Sciences Pra-gue, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected]

Friction is closely related to every moving machine and fundamentally affects efficiency and service life. Wear tracking of moving and non-moving parts of the engine mechanism is important for expressing the wear trend. The wear and tear trend is specific for gasoline engines in urban traffic. The increase in the number of abrasive non-ferrous particles (Al, Cu, Ni, Cr, Sn, Si) is monitored in Škoda Octavia vehicles. The statistical evaluation of nomogram the wear and the determination of the optimum oil change interval of a vehicle group with spark-ignition engines are performed for individual non-ferrous particles. The main aim of the article is to propose and verify the method of determination of the optimal oil change interval using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Thin Layer Chromatography and using limit values of discriminatory analysis. On the basis of the results of the anal-yses, it is clear that the oil change interval by the manufacturer is inadequate and the oil level must be monitored.

Keywords: Thin Layer Chromatography, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Engine Oil, Wear Particles, Discriminant Analysis

Ackowledgement

The article was edited under the financial support of project CIGA CULS Prague 20173001 – Utilization of butanol in compression ignition engines of generators.

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Analysis of the Properties Aluminium Casting Motorcycle Forks Arm after Compression Test

Daniela Kalincová1, Miroslava Ťavodová1, Sylvia Kuśmierczak2

1Faculty of Environmental and Manufacturing Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, Študentská 26, 960 53. Slo-vak Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of J. E. Purkyně in Usti nad Labem, Pasteurova 7, 400 01. Czech Repub-lic. E-mail: [email protected]

The article describes the course of a pressure test that was made to determine the maximum force in the case of breaking the integrity of the casting. Observation of the forks arm deformation can be done with using sensors on the universal tensile testing machine. Using a high-speed camera to monitor this test will provide results in digital form that can serve to further research. Subsequently, analysis of the material properties of the AlSi7Mn0.3 cast-ing is described, using the methods of evaluation of mechanical and structural properties. Periodic tests check the castings status to ensure recurrent quality in order to achieve the required safety in accordance with the standards for road vehicles.

Keywords: AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy, compression test, mechanical properties, microstructure, fractography

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MÜLLER, M. (2017). Effects of Aluminium Microparticles and Surface Treatment of AlCu4Mg on Mechanical Properties of Adhesive Bond Strength, In Manufacturing Technology, February 2017, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 66-71, 2017, ISSN 1213-2489.

KUŚMIERCZAK, S. (2015). Methods of evaluation degraded parts. Engineering for Rural Development, Vol 14 (January), 2015, pp. 790-794.

NÁPRSTKOVÁ, N., KALINCOVÁ, D. (2015). Influence of additional chemical components on machining pro-perties of selected aluminium – silicon alloy. Conference: 14th International scientific conference: Engineering for rural development, 2015. Pp. 766-771.

PEREC, A., ŤAVODOVÁ, M. (2016) Abrasive water jet cutting depth optimization by Taguchi approach. In Manufacturing technology. ISSN 1213-2489. - Vol. 16, no. 3 (2016), p. 585-590.




Microstructure of Polymer Composite Materials

Martina Kalova1, Sona Rusnakova2 1Faculty of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava. 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín. Nad Stranemi 4511, 760 05 Zlín. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]

This paper deals with problems connected with defects in polymer composite materials and the causes of their occurrences. The microstructure of polymeric materials with carbon and hybrid (carbon / aramid) reinforcement with an epoxy matrix is examined. The evaluation of the microstructures of the two types of composites was per-formed with the aid of a scanning electron microscope, as well as a 3D light microscope. Defects (dry spots, bubbles, pores,…) in the structure of the material significantly affect its properties, and the question of their elimination is also considered. In order to achieve the most favourable physical and mechanical properties, the production met-hod for the composite materials is important. While preparing test samples, it was used manual lamination tech-nology, where 45% volume fraction of fibre reinforcement could be achieved in the technological regularities.

Keywords: Polymer Composites, Carbon Fiber, Hybrid Fiber, Microstructure

Acknowledgement

This paper was created with the contribution of the projects Student Grant Competition SP 2017/58 Specific research in metallurgy, materials and process engineering and with the financial support of the internal grant of TBU in Zlín No. IGA/FT/2017/002 funded from the resources of specific university research.

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Dust Concentration in Air during the Aluminium Alloy AlCu4Mg Milling Operations

Pavel Kic, Miroslav Müller Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

During the metal machining amount of dust is generated which can influence significantly surroundings, but mainly workers are exposed to dust pollution. The aim of this paper is to present results of microclimatic research focused on dust pollution in workshop during the milling of aluminium alloy workpieces. The concentration of air dust was measured by the DustTRAK II Model 8530 aerosol monitor. Using the special impactors the PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10 size fractions were also measured. Obtained results of measurements and concentrations of different size of dust particles were analysed. Results of measurements under different milling conditions are generalized. The conclusion of the research is that it is necessary to watch the optimization of the milling process as well as secondary effects of the technological operations and inner environment of workshops which can be contaminated by chemical substances as well as dust particles.

Keywords: dust fractions, manipulation, natural ventilation, waste, workshop

Acknowledgement

Supported by Internal grant agency of Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (2016:31140/1312/313109).

References

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High-Temperature Behaviour of Ti-Al-Si Alloys Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

Anna Knaislová, Vendula Šimůnková, Pavel Novák, Filip Průša Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague. Technická 5, 166 28 Prague. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]

Nowadays, there is effort to substitute in aerospace industry so far commonly used alloys (especially nickel alloys) with new low-density materials, which will have comparable mechanical properties and good resistance against high-temperature oxidation. Ti-Al intermetallic alloys are in this trend modern, already-used material. The results of the tests show that further enhancement of properties can be achieved by addition of silicon. The disadvantage of these materials is a low fracture toughness at room temperature and difficult production. Powder metallurgy seems to be a way to replace still used melting metallurgy. In this work, cyclic oxidation of Ti-Al-Si alloys prepared by reactive sintering, milling and Spark Plasma Sintering is described. The TiAl10Si30 alloy was evaluated as the best alloy from tested ones, because was the most resistant to the stresses. Stress was induced into the oxide layer by repeated annealing and cooling.

Keywords: Cyclic oxidation, Parabolic constant, Reactive sintering, Intermetallics

Acknowledgement

Financial support from specific university research (MSMT No 20-SVV/2017) and by Czech Science Foundation, project No. P108/12/G043.

References

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NOVÁK, P., PRŮŠA, F., ŠERÁK, J., VOJTĚCH, D.,MICHALCOVÁ, A. (2009). Oxidation resistance and ther-mal stability of Ti-Al-Si alloys produced by reactive sintering. In: Metal.

KNAISLOVÁ, A., NOVÁK, P.,PRŮŠA, F. (2016). Preparation of Ti-Al-Si alloys by powder metallurgy. In: Ma-nufacturing Technology, Vol.16, No.6, pp. 1274-1278.

VOJTĚCH, D., MORT'ANIKOVÁ, M.,NOVÁK, P. (2007). Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects of High-Tem-perature Oxidation of Selected Ti-Based Alloys. In: Defect and Diffusion Forum, Vol. 263, 123-127.

NOVÁK, P., VOJTĚCH, D., ŠERÁK, J., KUBÁSEK, J., PRŮŠA, F., KNOTEK, V., MICHALCOVÁ, A.,NOVÁK, M. (2009). Syntéza intermediálních fází systému Ti-Al-Si metodou reaktivní sintrace. In: Chemické listy, Vol. 103, 1022-1026.

ZEMČÍK, L., DLOUHÝ, A., KRÓL, S.,PRAŻMOWSKIC, M. (2005). Vacuum Metallurgy of TiAl Intermetallics. In: Metal.

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KNAISLOVÁ, A., ŠIMŮNKOVÁ, V., NOVÁK, P., PRŮŠA, F., CYGAN, S.,JAWORSKA, L. (2017). The opti-mization of sintering conditions for the preparation of Ti-Al-Si alloys. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. in press.

NOVÁK, P., PRŮŠA, F., ŠERÁK, J., VOJTĚCH, D.,MICHALCOVÁ, A. (2010). High-temperature behaviour of Ti–Al–Si alloys produced by reactive sintering. In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 504, No. 2, pp. 320-324.

VOJTĚCH, D., MORT'ANIKOVÁ, M.,NOVÁK, P. (2007). Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects of High-Tem-perature Oxidation of Selected Ti-Based Alloys. In: Defect and Diffusion Forum, Vol. 263, 123-128.




The Microstructure Evolution of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy after Deformation by Equal Channel An-gular Pressing

Barbora Křivská1, Michaela Šlapáková1, Olexandr Grydin2, Miroslav Cieslar1 1Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, Praha 2, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2University Paderborn, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lehrstuhl für Werkstoffkunde Microscopy Pohlweg 47-49, 33098 Paderborn, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]

Equal-channel angular pressing is a method of severe plastic deformation, which implies high deformation into the material and leads to grain size reduction and strength increase. It was applied on a twin-roll cast Al-Mg-Sc alloy, which contained Al3(Sc,Zr) particles formed during annealing at 300 °C for 8 hours. The evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties after deformation was studied during isochronal heating 50 K/50 min. Strengthening occurred during annealing at lower temperatures and was followed by prominent microhardness drop, which was connected with formation of new grains and recrystallization. The presence of Al3(Sc,Zr) particles in the matrix is accounted for the high temperature stability.

Keywords: Aluminium alloys, Equal-channel angular pressing, Al3(Sc,Zr), Thermal stability, Recrystallization

Acknowledgement

The financial support of Czech Science Foundation project 16-16218S is highly acknowledged.

References

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PENG, Y., LI, S., DENG, Y., ZHOU, H., XU, G., YIN, G. (2016). Synergetic effects of Sc and Zr microalloying and heat treatment on mechanical properties and exfoliation corrosion behavior of Al-Mg-Mn alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2016, vol. 666, pp. 61-71.

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ŠLAPÁKOVÁ, M., KŘIVSKÁ, B., GRYDIN, O., CIESLAR, M. (2017). The Influence of Casting Methods on Microstructure of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy. Manufacturing Technology, 2017, vol. 17, submitted.

VLACH, M., ČÍŽEK, J., SMOLA, B., MELIKHOVA, O., VLČEK, M., KODETOVÁ, V., KUDRNOVÁ, H., HRUŠKA, P. (2017). Heat treatment and age hardening of Al–Si–Mg–Mn commercial alloy with addition of Sc and Zr, Materials Characterization, 2017, vol. 129, pp.1-8.

VLACH, M., STULIKOVA, I., SMOLA, B., PIESOVA, J., CISAROVA, J., DANIS, S., PLASEK, J., GEMMA, R., TANPRAYOON, D., NEUBERT, V. (2012). Effect of cold rolling on precipitation processes in Al–Mn–Sc–Zr alloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2012, vol. 548, pp. 27-32.

JIA, Z., FORBOD, B., SOLBERG, J. (2007). Effect of homogenization and alloying elements on recrystallization resistance of Al-Zr-Mn alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2007, vol. 444, pp. 284-290.

KARLÍK, M., MÁNIK, T., SLÁMOVÁ, M., LAUCHMANN, H. (2012). Effect of Si and Fe on the Recrystalli-zation Response of Al-Mn Alloys with Zr addition. Acta Physica Polonica A, 2012, vol. 122, pp. 469-474.

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CIESLAR, M., BAJER, J., ŠLAPÁKOVÁ, M., KŘIVSKÁ, B., ZIMINA, M., GRYDIN, O. (2017). Microstructure of Twin-Roll Cast Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2017, in press.

VALIEV, R. Z., LANGDON, T. G. (2006). Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement. Progress in Materials Science, 2006, vol. 51, pp. 881-981.

KRAJŇÁK, T., MINÁRIK, P., STRÁSKÁ, J., GUBICZA, J., MÁTHIS, K., JANEČEK, M. (2017). Influence of equal channel angular pressing temperature on texture, microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded AX41 magnesium. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, vol. 705, pp. 273-282.

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Influence of Laser Beam on Polymer Material

Milena Kubisova, Vladimir Pata, Libuse Sykorova, Jana Knedlova Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin. Vavreckova 5669, 760 00 Zlin. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

The article deals with the area of non-conventional technologies, specifically with the effect of concentrated radiant energy on the polymer material. There was studied the laser beam and its application to two different types of polymeric materials in details. PMMA, as a representative of the amorphous polymers and POM, which is a crystalline polymer, was used for experimental cutting as they are frequently applied in industrial practice. The input technological parameters were changed during machining followed by evaluation of their interaction with the concentrated radiant energy of the laser beam. The results were subjected to statistical evaluated by regression. The regression analysis was used as the main mathematical tool, concretely using linear regression models with confidence intervals for predictions on the confidence level 0.95.

Keywords: Non-conventional technologies, Laser, Polymer material, Statistical processing

Acknowledgement

This work and the project is realised with the financial support of the internal grant of TBU in Zlín No. IGA/FT/2017/002 funded from the resources of specific university research.

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BÍLEK, O. (2016). Cutting tool performance in end milling of glass fibre-reinforced polymer composites. Manu-facturing Technology - Journal for Science Research and Production [online]. 2016, 16(1), 12-16 [cit. 2017-03-21]. ISSN 12132489.

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HNATKOVA, E., SANETRNIK, D., PATA, V., HAUSNEROVA, B., DVORAK, Z. (2016). Mold Surface Ana-lysis after Injection Molding of Highly Filled Polymeric Compounds. (2016) Manufacturing Technology, 16/1, pp. 86-90.

PODANÝ, J., MOLOTOVNIK, A. (2014). 3D Measurement of Surface Texture Parameters (2014) Manufacturing Technology, 14/4, pp. 596-600.




Influence of the Heat Treatment on Corrosion Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of the AA 7075 Alloy

Vojtěch Kučera, Dalibor Vojtěch Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of chemistry and technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys possess excellent mechanical properties, and therefore are used in aerospace and automotive industry. However, they are susceptible to localized corrosion such as pitting, intergranular and exfoliation corro-sion, which is closely related to the precipitate size and distribution. Because the size and distribution of the pre-cipitates are controlled by heat treatment, we investigated the influence of the heat treatment on corrosion beha-viour and mechanical properties of the AA 7075 alloy. Audi test, internal Audi standard PV 11 13 for automotive industry, was chosen to evaluate the corrosion behaviour of the as-cast, T5 and T6 heat treated aluminium alloy 7075. Mechanical properties were studied through the tensile test and hardness measurements. The highest corro-sion rate and the depth of corrosion attack penetration were observed for the T5 state, while the T6 state evinced the best resistance to localized corrosion and the highest mechanical properties.

Keywords: AA 7075, Intergranular corrosion, Exfoliation, Heat treatment, Audi test

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank the Czech Science Foundation (project no. P108/12/G043) for its financial support of this research.

References

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Effect of Deformation Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low All-oyed Steel

Ludmila Kučerová1, Martin Bystrianský1, Štěpán Jeníček1, Pavel Francisko2

1Regional Technological Institute, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UWB in Pilsen. Univerzitni 8, 30614 Pilsen, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Expert work in manufacturing and economy, Purkyňova 525/356 01 Sokolov, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]

Low carbon, low alloyed steel 0.2%C-1.8%Si-1.5%Mn-0.06%Nb underwent thermo-mechanical processing routes typical for TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steels. Deformation conditions were varied, i.e. various num-bers of deformation steps of the same size were applied to the steel during the cooling at 50 °C/s to room tempera-ture. This processing enabled comparison of recrystallization ability of the steel at various deformation tempera-tures. In the next step, two 10% deformations were carried out at the temperatures of 900 °C and 720 °C and the deformation rate was varied from 0.025 s-1 to 2.5 s-1 to evaluate the effect of deformation rate on the final microstructure and properties of TRIP steel. In this case, tow-step thermo-mechanical treatment was used with additional 600 s hold at a coiling temperature of 425 °C. Final microstructures were analysed by light and scanning electron microscopy and mechanical properties were measured by tensile test of small samples. Ultimate tensile strengths in the region of 800 MPa – 1050 MPa were achieved with accompanying total elongation of 5-37%.

Keywords: TRIP steel, thermo-mechanical treatment, recrystallization

Acknowledgements

This contribution has been prepared under project LO1502 ‘Development of the Regional Technological Institute‘ under the auspices of the National Sustainability Programme I of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic aimed at supporting research, experimental development and innovation.

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High-cycles Fatigue of Different Casted Secondary Aluminium Alloy

Lenka Kuchariková, Eva Tillová, Milan Uhríčik, Juraj Belan, Ivana Švecová Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina. Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina. Slovak Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Nowadays manufacturers currently use about 35 % of secondary aluminium and about 65 % of primary alumi-nium to meet their needs. The production of secondary Al alloys have significant advantages. Most important is saving of natural resources with a consequent material cost reduction and a considerable energy-saving associated to reduction in pollution and CO2 emissions. The positive fact is that secondary Al alloys has comparable mecha-nical properties with primary aluminium alloys. Therefore it is necessary to study properties such alloys especially those which are used for transport industry in order to keeping the quality of casting. One of the major properties of casting for transport industry are fatigue properties. Research point to the fact that more than 90 % of broken engineering components are fractures caused by fatigue of used material. Extremely dangerous are fatigue fractu-res in transport, for example rails, tire parts, plane wings and hulls of ships, because these are usually connected with human casualties. Due to this fact were studied fatigue properties of aluminium alloys used especially for automotive castings – AlSi9Cu3. The great object was influence of casting to the different mould (sand and me-tallic) without modification, heat treatments or grain refinement of experimental material to fatigue resistance of the casting. This work shows differences between materials properties which were casted into the different mould.

Keywords: Fatigue properties, aluminium castings, AlSi9Cu3 cast alloy, casting into the sand mould, casting into the metallic mould

Acknowledgement

This work has been supported by The Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic No

1/0533/15, No 044ŽU – 4/ 2017 and EU project ITMS 26220220154.

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Analysis of Mechanical Properties of AlSi9Mg Alloy with Al, Ti and B Additions

Tomasz Lipiński University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, The Faculty of Technical Sciences, St: Oczapowskiego 11, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland, email: [email protected]

The initial structure of AlSi9Mg alloy is composed of granular and acicular β phase, with α phase as matrix. The hard, irregular, often pointed β phase is responsible for the poor mechanical properties of said alloy. This compo-sition is responsible for the alloy's low strength parameters, and it limits the extent of practical applications. This study presents the results of modification of an AlSi9Mg alloy with aluminum, boron and titanium in different ranges produced as a melted modifier. The influence of the analyzed modifiers on the microstructure and mecha-nical properties of the silumin was presented in graphs. Thermal analysis has been used to characterize the thermal effects processes of AlSi9Mg alloy. The modification of a hypoeutectic AlSi9Mg alloy improved the alloy's prope-rties. The results of the tests indicate that the mechanical properties of the modified alloy are determined by the sequence in which the components are introduced to the alloy.

Keywords: Al-Si alloy, Silumin, Modification, Mechanical properties

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The Effect of Homogenization Parameters on the Structure of EN AW-6082 Alloy

Jan Luštinec1, Vladivoj Očenášek1, Miroslav Jelínek jr.2 1SVÚM a.s. Tovární 2053, 250 88 Čelákovice. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2Constellium Extrusions Děčín s.r.o. Ústecká 751/37, 405 02 Děčín V-Rozbělesy. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]

High temperature homogenization annealing of DC cast billets from aluminium alloys used for extrusion pressing is considered as one of substantial technological operations during extrusion processing. The structure of DC cast billets consists of dendrite cell structure and contains coarse and inhomogeneously distributed intermetallic phases of β-AlFeSi and α-Al(Fe,Mn)Si type.Structure after a homogenization annealing is quite decisive for both the final properties of extrusions and the extrudability of the cast structure. The present paper deals with the medium strength heat-treatable EN AW-6082 alloy. It is investigated the effect of heating rate, time at the annealing tem-perature and the cooling rate of continually cast billets during the homogenization annealing on the changes of electrical conductivity, structure and intermetallic phases.

Keywords: EN AW-6082 aluminium alloy, Homogenization, Extrusion, Structure, Phases

Acknowledgement

The financial support of the Constellium Extrusions Děčín s.r.o. under project No. 3/10/ 2011 is gratefully acknowl-edged.

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KOVALČÍK, T., STOULIL, J., SLÁMA, P., VOJTĚCH, D. (2015). The influence of heat treatment on mechanical and corrosion properties of wrought aluminium alloys 2024 and 6064. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 15, Issue 1, pp. 54 – 61.

FURU, T., VANTE, H.E. (2000). Grain structure control of flat extruded AA6082 alloy. In: Materials Science Forum, Vol 331 – 337 II, pp. 843 – 848.

LUŠTINEC, J., OČENÁŠEK, V., JELÍNEK, M. (2016). Structure of Al-Mg-Si cast and extruded rods for die forgings. In: Manufacturing technology, Vol 16, Issue 5, pp. 1009 – 1013.

MORAVEC, J., NOVÁKOVÁ, I. BRADAČ, J. (2016). Effect of age hardening conditions on mechanical prope-rties of AW 6082 alloy welds. In: Manufacturing technology, Vol 16, Issue 1, pp. 192 – 198.




Structure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloys AlSi10 and AlSi5Mg

Jiří Machuta1, Iva Nová1, Pavel Kejzlar2 1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]

The article presents the microstructure and mechanical properties of two types of aluminium alloys AlSi10 and AlSi5Mg. The structure and mechanical properties as a tensile test of two alloys AlSi10 and AlSi5Mg were studied and compared. Gravity casting is very good process for making complex mechanical parts of low density metals like aluminium alloys. Therefore our samples are prepared by gravity casting technology. Light metals have come to the forefront in the automotive industry and improved fuel economy. Therefore, we compared the AlSi5Mg alloy with a commonly used alloy AlSi10. This type of alloy AlSi5Mg has excellent casting and technological pro-perties (good machinability and corrosion resistance). We are engaged with the issue of the production of castings for the automotive industry, at our department the Department of Engineering Technology-Technical University of Liberec, many years. Currently, we are focusing on aluminium alloys, their metallurgy and crystallization con-ditions with minimal internal defects.

Keyword: Aluminium, Strength, Structure, Strain, Mechanical properties

Acknowledgement

This results was supported by institutional support 117/2200 project TU of Liberec.

References

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NÁPRSTKOVÁ, N., CAIS, J., INGLADI, M. (2016). Modification of AlSi9CuMnNi Alloy by Antimony and Heat Treatment and Their Influence on Tool Wear after Turning. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16 No 1. pp. 209-214. ISSN 1213-2489.

ŠČURY, J., BOLIBRUCHOVÁ, D., ŽIHALOVÁ, M. (2016). Effect of Nickel on the Properties of the AlSi10MgMn Alloy with Increased Iron Content. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16 No 1. pp. 243-247. ISSN 1213-2489.

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Possibilities for Change of Thermoplastic Tensile Properties Using Admixture of Recyclable Material

Ján Majerník, Ján Kmec, Monika Karková, Martin Podařil

Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 014 České Budějovice, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected]

Polymeric materials are thanks its processing and utility properties materials in demand of common and special use. They are also largely replacing conventional materials. As the popularity of polymeric materials grows, also the amount of its waste increases. For this reason, there is introduced the term recycling as a method of processing, re-use of the waste, into technologies of polymeric processing. So, this paper deals with the possibilities of introdu-ction of recycled material. The main part of this paper is created by an experiment that explores the changes of tensile properties of test specimen according to the selected percentage of additives in the volume of the basic granulate. The test specimen was produced by mixing pure granules with the addition of recycled and re-granu-lated materials. The conclusion of this work presents a comparison of the results of each tensile test that provide an overview of the behaviour and properties of the materials tested.

Keywords: thermoplastic, recycled material, tensile test

References

STN EN ISO 294-1. Plasty. Vstrekovanie skúšobných telies z termoplastových materiálov. Časť 1: Všeobecné princípy a vstrekovanie viacúčelových a tyčinkových skúšobných telies. Bratislava: Slovenský ústav technickej normalizácie, 2001. 20 p.

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STN EN ISO 527-2. Plasty. Stanovenie ťahových vlastností. Časť 2: Skúšobné podmienky pre lisované a vytláčané plasty. Bratislava: Slovenský ústav technickej normalizácie, 2012.

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Powder Metallurgy Prepared Al Alloys and Their „Self-Healing“ Possibilities

Alena Michalcová, Anna Knaislová, Ivo Marek, Zbyněk Veselka, Jaroslav Vavřík, Tadeáš Bastl, Tomáš Hrdlička, Daniel Kučera, Luana Luwan Sun, Dalibor Vojtěch Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of chemistry and technology, Technicka 5, Prague 6, 16628, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Microstructure and mechanical properties of powder metallurgically prepared AlSi24Fe3 alloy are presented in this article. The alloy was prepared in form of rapidly solidified ribbons by melt spinning process. Consequently, the ribbons were crushed into powder in a ball mill and compacted by spark plasma sintering. Grain size of prepared alloy was less than 1 µm, Vickers hardness HV0.1 reached value 214, yield strength and ultimate compressive strength were 611 and 778 MPa, respectively. To obtain material with possible self-healing proprer-ties, it was necessary to enrich material by fine dispersed Ag2Al particles. The AlSi24Fe3 powder particles were sputtered by 5 nm layer of silver before sintering. The total amount of Ag in bulk sample was approximately 0.1 wt. %. The microstructure of Ag containing alloy was comparable to the basic one. The Ag nanoparticles were present on several particle boundaries. The influence of Ag presence on Vickers hardness of the material was not observed, as the values HV0.1 was 212. After a heat treatment (450 °C/ 1h), silver transformed to equilibrial Ag2Al phase, present in material in form of nanoparticles no more decorating strictly the particles boundaries.

Keywords: Aluminium, microstructure, TEM, sputtering

Acknowledgement

Authors thank for financial support by Czech Science Foundation, project No. GJ17-25618Y

References

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RAJABI, M., VAHIDI, M., SIMCHI, A., DAVAMI, P. (2007). Effect of rapid solidification on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-pressed Al–20Si–5Fe alloys. In: Materials Characterization, Vol. 60, pp. 1370-1381. Elsevier B.V. The Netherlands.

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NÁPRSTKOVÁ, N., ČERVINKA, R., KUSMIERCZAK, S., CAIS, J. (2015). Modifications AlSi9CuMnNi Alloy by Antimony and Heat Treatment and Their Influence on the Resulting Structure. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 634-638. Faculty of Production Technology and Management. CR.

MICHALCOVÁ, A., VOJTĚCH, D., KUBATÍK, T.F., NOVÁK, P., DVOŘÁK, P. (2014). Structural Description of Powder Metallurgy Prepared Materials. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 359-362. Faculty of Production Technology and Management. CR.

PRŮŠA, F., VOJTĚCH, D., BLÁHOVÁ, M., MICHALCOVÁ, A., KUBATÍK, T.F., ČÍŽEK, J. (2015). Structure and mechanical properties of Al–Si–Fe alloys prepared by short-term mechanical alloying and spark plasma sin-tering. In: Materials and Design, Vol. 75, pp. 65-75. Elsevier B.V. The Netherlands.

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HAUTAKANGAS,S., SCHUT, H., VAN DER ZWAAG, S., RIVERA DIAZ DEL CASTILLO, P. E. J., VAN DIJK, N.H. The role of the aging temperature on the self healing kinetics in an underaged AA2024 aluminium alloy.In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Self Healing Materials, 18-20 April 2007 Noord-wijk aan Zee, Springer 2007., The Netherlands.

MICHALCOVÁ, A., MAREK. I., KNAISLOVÁ, A., LUWAN SUN, L. (2017). Preparation and Characterization of Al-TM alloys with possible self-healing properties. In: 3rd International workshop on TEM spectroscopy Workshop in Material Science, June 19th – 22nd , 2017 at the Ångström Laboratory in Uppsala, Sweden.




Defects in the Surface Layer of Pure Molybdenum after WEDM

Katerina Mouralova1, Libor Benes2, Radim Zahradnicek3

1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology. Technicka 2896/2, 616 69 Brno. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] 2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, J. E. Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem. Pasteurova 3334/7, 400 01 Usti nad Labem. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] 3Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology. Technicka 3058/10, 616 00 Brno. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]

The utilisation of pure molybdenum in high-temperature applications in a vacuum requires very precise machi-ning. Considering the fact that conventional machining methods do not achieve the required geometrical and di-mensional accuracy in several cases, it is necessary to use the unconventional technology of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). This study aims at analysing the surface and subsurface layer of pure molybdenum after WEDM in terms of the occurrence of defects. Profile and areal parameters were evaluated by means of a contact 3D profilometer. The occurrence of individual defects both on the surface and underneath it was studied by means of the methods of electron microscopy and focused ion beam (FIB). Furthermore, the local chemical composition of the surface of the workpiece (EDX) was determined.

Keywords: WEDM, Electrical Discharge Machining, pure molybdenum, morphology of surface, topography, chemical composition, cracks

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic, the program NPU1, project No. LO1207. The article was supported by project no. FEKT-S-17-3934, Utilization of novel findings in micro and nanotechnologies for complex electronic circuits and sensor applications. This research has been financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under the project CEITEC 2020 (LQ1601).

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Effect of Surface Treatment of Adhesive Bonded Sheet of Aluminium Alloy EN AW 2024 T3 on Adhesive Bond Strength Created by Means of Structural Two-Component Adhesive

Miroslav Müller Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Kamýcká 129, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected].

When constructing traffic means, agricultural machines etc. it is necessary to create a bond, namely from thin semi-products, i.e. sheets of metal. Namely light and strong materials such as e.g. aluminium alloys EN AW 2024 T3 (AlCu4Mgl) are used in the constructions. A research namely on the adhesive bonded surface treatment is necessary at a rise of the quality adhesive bond. The aim of the research is an evaluation of the adhesive bonded surface treatment of the aluminium alloy EN AW 2024 T3 (AlCu4Mg1) by means of mechanical tests and a surface analysis by means of SEM. A cyclic degradation loading of the adhesive bond after exposing the adhesive bonds to increased and decreased temperatures, i.e. in the interval -40 to 70 °C in a programmable climatic chamber MKF240 and connected adhesive bonded surface treatments were evaluated within the research. The adhesive bonded surface treatment was of the positive influence on the strength and the elongation of the adhesive bond and it increased the resistance to the cyclic acting of the degradation environment at the same time.

Keywords: adhesive bond strength, chemical treatment, mechanical treatment, SEM, surface roughness

Acknowledgement

Supported by Internal grant agency of Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (2017: 31140/1312/313115).

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The Influence of Microalloying on the Thermal Treatment of Aluminum Bronzes

Iva Nová, Jiří Machuta, Luboš Raur Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

At present, with the development of electric vehicles, great attention is paid to alloys which have very good elec-trical conductivity, corrosion resistance and resist to high temperatures. These alloys include aluminum bronzes. The electrical conductivity is the higher the finer is the grain or the less it contains almost non-conductive oxides, non-metallic inclusions, porosity, etc. Aluminum bronzes are foundry alloys that exhibit good electrical properties, very good sliding properties at high mechanical values, are resistant to corrosion and heat, have high resistance to acids and alkalis, so they are successfully used to work in aggressive environments. Aluminum increases strength and hardness, approximately 10 wt. % Al dissolves in copper, the alloy structure consists only of crystals α (cubic surface centered grid). Higher Al content also produces fragile crystals γ2 (Cu9Al4) and the alloy is harder and more fragile. The properties of aluminum bronzes with the structure of crystals (α + γ2) have a considerable influ-ence on the cooling rate. Foundry bronzes are also used for more loaded wreath of gears, screw wheels, pump seats, impellers and distributor wheels, heavy load bushings and plain bearings.

Keywords: Aluminium bronzes, microlloying, microstructure.

Acknowledgement

This publication was written at the Technical University of Liberec as part of the Student Grant Contest "SGS 21122" with the support of the Specific University Research Grant, as provided by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in the year 2017.

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PISAREK, B. (2012). Effect of annealing time for quenching CuAl7Fe5Ni5W2Si2 bronze on the microstructure and mechanical properties. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 12(2), 187- 204.

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RAUR, Luboš. (2016). Metalurgie a mechanické hodnoty odlitků ze slitin mědi. (Metallurgy and mechanical prop-erties of copper alloy castings). Diplomová práce. (Thesis). KSP, FS - TU v Liberci 2016. (in Czech).

HÁJEK, J., KŘÍŽ, A., HRDLIČKA, V. (2015). Tepelné zpracování hliníkových bronzů, (Heat treatment of the aluminium bronzes). Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, článek projektu, SGS – 2012-044, Plzeň, s. 2 – 5 (in Czech).

European Copper Institute Cupper Alliace: Cu - Al phase quillibrium system.

MIROSLAV, G., MILENA, W. (2013). Elimination of the negative effect of fe-rich intermetallic phases in sec-ondary (recycled).aluminium cast alloy. In: Manufacturing Technology. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 17 – 22. ISSN 1213-2489.

HURTALOVÁ, L., TILLOVÁ, E. (2013). Elimination of the negative effect of fe-rich intermetallic phases in secondary (recycled).aluminium cast alloy. In: Manufacturing Technology. Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 44 – 50. ISSN 1213-2489.

HÁJEK, J., KŘÍŽ, A., HRDLIČKA, V. (2015). The Heat Treatment of Aluminium Bronzes. In: Manufacturing Technology. Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 35 – 41. ISSN 1213-2489.




Metallurgy of the Aluminium Alloys for High-Pressure Die Casting

Iva Novakova, Jaromir Moravec, Pavel Kejzlar Technical University of Liberec. Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec 1. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]

The paper deals with the monitoring the metallurgical purity of alloy AlSi9Cu3(Fe) both in the dependence on the input material quality and on the manner of the melt metallurgical treatment. Experiment was divided into two phases. During the first phase there was monitored the metallurgical purity of the input material delivered from the different suppliers. During the second phase was at the standardly prepared melt observed the influence of the degassing time on its metallurgical purity. To evaluate the input material metallurgical purity, Drosstest was per-formed and subsequently also the metallurgical evaluation of samples. To determine the influence of degassing time on the metallurgical purity of melt, Density index (DI) was monitored. By this index it is possible to evaluate the amount of inclusions and dissolved gas. Based upon the measured values there was determined the degassing time needed to achieve the required values of DI.

Keywords: High Pressure Die Casting, AlSi9Cu3, Density Index

Acknowledgement

This publication was written at the Technical University of Liberec, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering with the support of the Institutional Endowment for the Long Term Conceptual Development of Research Institutes, as pro-vided by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in the year 2017.

References

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ZOLOTOREVSKY, V. S., BELOV, N. A., GLAZOFF, M. V. (2007) Casting Aluminum Alloys, pp. 247-326, Elsevier Ltd., ISBN: 978-0-08-045370-5.

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MICHNA, Š., CAIS, J., MICHNOVÁ, L. (2015). Research and Analysis of the Sediments from Casting Furnaces and the Mechanism of its. In Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 15, June 2015, pp. 1010 - 1014.

KUCHARIKOVÁ, L., TILLOVÁ, E., BELAN, J., UHRÍČIK, M. (2015). The Effect of Casting Technology on Fe Intermetallic Phases in Al-Si Cast Alloys. In Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 15, September 2015, pp. 567-571.

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Research of Application Possibilities of Selected Mechanically Alloyed Metal Powders

Jan Novotný, Irena Lysoňková, Štefan Michna, Nataša Náprstková Faculty of Production Technology and Management, J. E. Purkyne University in Usti nad Labem. Pasteurova 3334/7, 400 01 Usti nad Labem. Czech Republic. e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Paper is interested in the study of basic theoretical knowledge from the problems of preparation of nanoparticles and microparticles and their mechanical synthesis. Also, the possibility of producing of new materials by mecha-nical alloying of metal powders evaluation of these newly created materials from the point of morphology and surface condition, as well as physical (eg. electrical charge) and chemical (surface treatment).

Keywords: Mechanical joining, mechanical alloying, mechanical milling, morphology, surface condition, particle, grind-ing medium, grinding vessel.

References

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KEJZLAR, P. (2012). Structure and mechanical properties of Fe-25Al-5Zr and Fe-30Al-5Zr intermetallic alloys. Manufacturing Technology, Ústí nad Labem 2012 Voume 12. ISSN 1213-2489

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WEISS, V., STRIHAVKOVA, E. (2012). Influence of the homogenization annealing on microstructure and me-chanical properties of AlZn5,5Mg2,5Cu1,5 alloy. Manufacturing Technology, Ústí nad Labem 2012 Voume 12. ISSN 1213-2489

ŽÁRSKÁ, S. (2017). Výzkum možností aplikací vybraných mechanicky legovaných kovových prášků, Bakalář-ská práce, FVTM, UJEP, Ústí nad Labem, 2017




The Influence of Manganese on Elimination Harmful Effect of Iron with Different Level of Iron in the Alloy Based on Al-Si-Mg

Radka Podprocká, Dana Bolibruchová Department of Technological Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina. Slovak Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected].

Manganese is the most widely used and it can modify the β-Fe platelet-like morphology to more compact and harmless forms (i.e. Chinese script, skeleton-like and/or polyhedral α-Fe phase) Furthermore, the Mn and Fe con-tent can influence the type, the size and the ratio of different Fe intermetallic compounds. The present study in-vestigates the effect of manganese concentration on the formation of iron compounds in an AlSi7Mg0.3 with levels of iron 0.3 and 0.7 wt. %. The manganese was ranking in amount of 0.1, 0.2, 0.6 wt. %. The morphology iron intermetallic phases has been investigated using cooling curve analysis, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Can be concluded, that increased amount of manganese lead to decrease the temperature of solidification iron rich phase (TAl5FeSi) and reduction these particles.

Keywords: manganese, iron rich phases, AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy

References

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BOLIBRUCHOVÁ, D., ŽIHALOVÁ, M. (2013). Possibilities of iron elimination in aluminium alloys by vana-dium. In: Manufacturing Technology, ISSN 1213-2489, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 289-296.

ZHANG A KOL. (2013). Effect of the Mn/Fe ratio and cooling rate on the modification of Fe intermetallic com-pounds in cast A356 based alloy with different Fe contents. Materials Transactions. 54




Ultra-High Strength Ti Grade 4 Prepared by Intensive Plastic Deformation

Filip Průša1, Adriana Bernatiková1,2, Jan Palan3 1Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] 2Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague 8. Czech Republic. 3Comtes FHT a.s., Průmyslová 995, 334 41 Dobřany. Czech Republic

The aims of the present work were focused on evaluation of the processing steps on the microstructure and me-chanical properties of titanium grade 4 material. The rod was subjected to Conform SPD processing which com-bined multiple passes throughout the ECAP with consequential cold working which reduced the sectional area by 80%. The microstructure of the prepared material was well-refined showing presence of phases whith sub-micro-metre dimensions. The mechanical properties of these materials were evaluated by hardness measurements and by compressive strees-strain tests and by tensile stress-strain tests, both performed at laboratory temperature. The highest hardness of 330 ± 6 HV 1 was achieved by the material prepared by Conform SPD process while the same material in its initial state showed hardness of only 170 ± 4 HV 1. The Conform SPS process also increased the compressive yield strength and compressive strength reaching 1033 MPa and 1608 MPa, respectively, while the tensile test resulted in yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of 1136 MPa and 1142 MPa, respectively.

Keywords: Ti grade 4, equal channel angular pressing, cold working, microstructure, mechanical properties

Acknowledgement

The research was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (project no. P108/12/G043).

References

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Unconventional Materials Usage in Design of Vehicle Bodies

Karel Raz1, Jan Hora2, Petr Pavlata3 1Regional Technological Institute, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Bohemia. Univerzitni 8, 306 14 Plzen. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] 2Sicar spol.s r.o., Masojedy 59, 28 201 Cesky Brod, Czech Republic. Email: [email protected] 3Vision Consulting Automotive Ltd., Rumunska 12, 12 000 Praha 2. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]

This article deals with unconventional materials usage in design of vehicle bodies. Main focus is on sandwich ma-terials (with honeycomb structure) for walls of the main body. These panels are designed from polypropylene. Joining of theses sandwich panels is also solved here by special aluminium profile. Virtual simulations and stress evaluation are used methods for design evaluating. Research is focused also on material properties testing. Tested are sandwich materials and also connecting aluminium profiles. All material properties and testing principles are here clearly described. Lower weight of vehicle body leads to possibility of floor optimization. Welded frame of floor can be lighter and strength of floor is also evaluated here. All these steps lead to lighter design with economic benefits for producer.

Keywords: Sandwich structures, Polypropylene, Stress, Vehicle body

Acknowledgments

The present contribution has been prepared under TACR project TA0403171 ‘Modern body of emergency car with increased transport capacity and ultralight weight‘.

References

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HANUS, P., SCHMIDOVA, E. (2016). Influence of the Welding Process on the Martensitic and Dual Phase High Strength Steels, In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16, pp. 702-707, ISSN 1213-2489.

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ARORA, H., DEL LINZ, P., DEAR, J. P. (2017). Damage and Deformation in Composite Sandwich Panels Ex-posed to Multiple and Single Explosive Blasts, In: International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 104, pp. 95-106, ISSN 0734743X.

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Influence of Alloying Elements on Properties of Ni-Ti-X5 Alloys Consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering

Pavel Salvetr, Andrea Školáková, Filip Průša, Pavel Novák University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

This paper deals with the preparation of highly dense Ni-Ti alloys with addition of alloying elements like iron, vanadium and zirconium. The alloying elements were added in an amount of 5 wt. % into Ni-Ti46 wt. % powder mixture. The prealloyed NiTiX5 powder was prepared by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis with following milling of the product. The prealloyed powder was consolidated by spark plasma sintering. The micro-structures, mechanical properties and abrasive wear of prepared alloys were investigated. The results were com-pared with Ni-Ti and NiTiX alloys and other materials prepared by powder metallurgy. The undesirable changes in microstructures (formation of the Ti2Ni and Ni3Ti phases), the increase of hardness and abrasive wear resistance were found during milling and spark plasma sintering.

Keywords: Powder metallurgy, spark plasma sintering, Ni-Ti alloy, mechanical properties, wear resistance

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by Czech Science Foundation, project No. P108/12/G043 and specific university research (MSMT No 20-SVV/2017).

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SALVETR, P., KUBATIK, T.F., NOVÁK, P. (2016). Preparation of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy by spark plasma sintering method. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16, pp. 804-808.

SALVETR, P., NOVÁK, P., MORAVEC, H. (2015). Ni-Ti alloys produced by powder metallurgy. In: Manu-facturing Technology, Vol. 15, pp. 689-694.

ŠKOLÁKOVÁ, A., NOVÁK, P., SALVETR, P. (2016). Influence of elements with high affinity to oxygen on microstructure and phase composition of Ni-Ti alloy. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16, pp. 808-814.

SALVETR, P., ŠKOLÁKOVÁ, A., NOVÁK, P. (2016). Changes in microstructure and properties of ni-ti alloy after addition of ternary alloying element. In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16, pp. 1359-1363.

KRISTIANOVÁ, E., NOVÁK, P. (2016). Composite materials NiTi-Ti2Ni, In: Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16, pp. 961-965.

NOVÁK, P., MAREK, I., MEJZLÍKOVÁ, L., MICHALCOVÁ, A., VOJTĚCH, D. (2012). Reactive-sintering production of intermetallics. In: Materials and Technology, Vol. 46, pp. 559-562.




Dispersion of Mechanical Properties of Commercial Aluminum Alloys within Their Material Standards

Jan Serak, Dalibor Vojtech Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]

Material standards of commercial alloys are key documents for casting producers as well as for their customers. Compliance with the prescribed chemical composition of alloys should be the basis for achieving their constant and reproducible properties. Material standards, however, in many cases tolerate contents of alloying elements within a relatively wide range, which can lead to very significant differences in mechanical properties of alloys. The differences in behavior of selected aluminum alloys with chemical composition on the lowest and highest con-tents of alloying elements prescribed by their material standard are documented in this paper. Significant differ-ences in properties of alloys with chemical composition at lower and upper limits given by their material standards were found. These differences were further enhanced after heat treatment of alloys.

Keywords: Aluminum alloys, Mechanical properties, Material standards

Acknowledgement

The presented results were obtained within the frame of the research project GACR No. P108/12/G043.

References

MICHNA, Š., LUKÁČ, I., OČENÁŠEK, V., KOŘENÝ, R., DRÁPALA, J., SCHNEIDER, H., MIŠKUFOVÁ, A. et. al. (2005). Encyklopedie hliníku, Adin, s. r. o., Prešov, ISBN 80-89041-88-4

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ŠERÁK, J., VOJTĚCH, D., NOVÁK, P., DÁM, K. (2009). Snížení obsahu železa v hliníkových slitinách sedi-mentační metodou, in Proceedings of the Conference: Aluminium 2009, (ed.Technická Univerzita Košice), Staré splavy, 12.-14.10 2009, pp. 36-44

ŠERÁK, J., VOJTĚCH, D., NOVÁK, P., DÁM, K., JANOUŠEK, T. (2009). The Influence of annealing conditions on microstructure of AlSiCuMgFe alloys, in Proceedings of the Conference: Metal 2009, (ed. Tanger, spol s r.o., Keltičkova 62, 71000 Ostrava), Hradec nad Moravicí, Červený zámek, 19.-21.5. 2009, pp.421-427

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SERAK, J., VOJTECH, D., HYBASEK, V., SENKOVA, A., KUBASEK, J., MICHALCOVA, A., POSPISILOVA, I., FOUSOVA, M. (2016). Hydrogen Embrittlement of Biomedical Shape Memory Ni-Ti Wire, Manufacturing technology, Vol. 16, No. 5, 2016, pp. 1141-1146




Formation of Phases in Ti-Al System at 800 °C

Andrea Školáková, Pavel Salvetr, Pavel Novák, Michaela Nývltová University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

In this work, kinetics of the intermediary phase formation in Ti-Al system during reactive sintering at 800 °C was investigated. Because it is very difficult to determine the kinetics on the powder mixture, special model system was utilized. This model consisted of solid titanium and molten aluminium and the intermediary phase formation was observed on the interface solid – liquid state at various times. Only TiAl3 phase formed during the test. The thic-kness of the layer was changing and based on these results it can be estimated how the process is controlled. It was revealed that the formation of TiAl3 phase is controlled by the rate of chemical reaction and the incubation period is 5 and 75 min.

Keywords: Kinetics, Intermediary Phases, Aluminides, Reactive Sintering

Acknowledgement

This research was financially supported by Czech Science Foundation, project No. P108/12/G043 and by MSMT No 20-SVV/2017

References

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ŠKOLÁKOVÁ, A., NOVÁK, P., SALVETR, P. (2016). Thermal analysis of Ni-Ti-X alloys prepared by Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis. In: Manufacturing technology, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 1146 – 1150. UJP. Czech Republic.

ŠKOLÁKOVÁ, A., SALVETR, P., NOVÁK, P. (2017). Alloying by magnesium: A route how to eliminate the amount of Ti2Ni phase in Ni-Ti alloy. In: Manufacturing technology, In press. UJP. Czech Republic.

SALVETR, P., DANEY, B., NOVÁK, P. (2016). Comparison of Ni-Ti-Si alloy prepared by various powder me-tallurgy routes. In: Manufacturing technology, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 1136 – 1140. UJP. Czech Republic.

SALVETR, P., ŠKOLÁKOVÁ, A., NOVÁK, P. (2016). Changes in microstructure and properties of Ni-Ti alloy after addition of ternary alloying element. In: Manufacturing technology, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 1359 – 1363. UJP. Czech Republic.

NOVÁK, P., POPELA, T., KUBÁSEK, J., ŠERÁK, J., VOJTĚCH, D., MICHALCOVÁ, A. (2011). Effect of reactive sintering conditions on microstructure of in situ titanium aluminide and silicide composites. In: Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 50 – 55. Taylor & Francis Online. United Kingdom.

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ALMAN, D. E. (2005). Reactive sintering of TiAl-Ti5Si3 in situ composites. In: Intermetallics, Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 572 – 579. Elsevier. Netherlands.

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New Application in Technological Preparations for Investment Casting Production in Air-craft Industry

Augustín Sládek, Richard Pastirčák, Marek Brůna, Anna Remišová Department of technological engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], anna. [email protected], Tel.: + 421 41 513 2772

Nowadays, foundries do not sufficiently utilizes computer support during the creation of technical documentation. Instead of computer documentation, foundries are using classical method for designing technological documenta-tion and the computer aid is only discrete. For the area of foudry technology, it is inappropriate to use conventional CAPP systems which use group technology because they work with a simple representative selection from the database according to the characteristics. The submitted article shows a solution for systems interconnection and the possibilities of using the simultaneous engineering for aircraft industry. A new system was designed serving as the creation tools for technological documentation, whose role is to effectively benefit from group technology with use of latest software capabilities.

Keywords: CAD, CAE CAPP, turbine

Acknowledgement

This work was created within the framework of the VEGA project grant no. 1/0494/17. The authors thank the grant agency for their support.

References

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BOLIBRUCHOVÁ, D. RICHTÁRECH, L. 2016. Possibilities of using Al-Si-Mg alloys with higher Fe content for demanding castings. Manufacturing technology, vol. 2016, no. 2, pp. 317-323. ISSN 1213-2489.

BOLIBRUCHOVÁ, D., ŽIHALOVÁ, M. 2013. Possibilities of iron elimination in aluminium alloys by vanadium. Manufacturing technology, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 289-296. ISSN 1213-2489.

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Thermal Treatment Influence on the Change of Alloy EN AW-6082 Mechanical Properties

Pavel Solfronk, Jiri Sobotka, Michaela Kolnerova, David Korecek

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec. Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Thermal treatment of the aluminum alloys significantly affects their final mechanical properties. However, the process of such thermal treatment is influenced by many variables and the correct choice of these technological parameters is a prerequisite for achieving their required properties in the manufactured part. This paper evaluates the effect of thermal treatment conditions on the time course of hardness for EN AW-6082 alloy during artificial aging. For the experiment, the solution annealing temperature of 520°C was chosen in combination with three different holding times at this temperature and then also 3 different initial temperature of the material before cooling in water. The effect of the thermal treatment parameters was subsequently monitored by the Brinell hardness time course at 3 selected artificial aging temperatures.

Keywords: Alluminium Alloy EN AW-6082, Thermal Treatment, Brinell Hardness, Hot Forging, Solution Annealing

Acknowledgement

This publication was written at the Technical University of Liberec (TUL) as part of the Student Grant Contest "SGS 21122" with the support of the Specific University Research Grant, as provided by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in the year 2017.

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Difference between Cutting Surface of Al Foam and Solid Al Machined by WEDM Technology

František Špalek, Marek Sadílek, Robert Čep, Jana Petrů, Jiří Kratochvíl, Tomáš Čegan

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava. 17. listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava. The Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

The article deals with a comparison of machining of two chemically very similar materials of aluminium alloy, however, with various internal structures by means of non-conventional machining technology of electro-erosive wire cutting (WEDM). The first material used was a right parallelepiped of ALPORAS aluminium foam with porous structure produced by a method of powder metallurgy. As the second material designed to the comparison EN AW 5005 alloy was chosen owing to high aluminium content and therefore a very near chemical composition of the compared material. The samples with circular section of identical height and nominal diameter were pro-duced. On the tested materials sizes of the cutting width were tested, surface structures after machining were observed, dimensional accuracy of cut samples were evaluated and time relationship between cutting of compact and porous structures of aluminium alloy were defined by means of a microscope.

Keywords: aluminium alloy, WEDM, non-conventional technology, measurement

Acknowledgement

Article has been done in connection with projects Education system for personal resource of development and research in field of modern trend of surface engineering - surface integrity, reg. no. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0037 financed by Struc-tural Founds of Europe Union and from the means of state budget of the Czech Republic and by project Students Grant Competition SP2017/147 and SP2017/149 financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering VŠB-TUO. This paper was created within the project No. LO1203 „Regional Materials Science and Technology Centre – Feasibility Program" funded by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic.

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Quality Analysis of AlTi5B1 Master Alloys

Jaroslava Svobodova1, Peter Hajdúch2 1Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 7, 400 01 Ústí nad Labem. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] 2Nemak Linz GmbH, Zeppelinstraße 24, 4030 Linz. Austria. E-mail: [email protected]

Grain refinement in commercial aluminium alloys can be achieved by addition of AlTi5B1 master alloy, containing α aluminium matrix, TiB2 and Al3Ti particles. These particles act as nucleation points for α Al matrix, resulting in a uniform fine, equiaxed as cast microstructure. Current grain-refinement practice involves the addition of master alloy (e.g. Al-Ti-B, Al-Ti-C) before casting introducing inoculants particles to the melt. The final size SDAS in aluminium cast alloys depends on the kinetics of both nucleation and growth of solid in the liquid. As per the classical nucleation theory, the critical activation energy (ΔG*) to form stable nucleus and the critical radius (rkr.) for the nucleus to grow into a crystal with long order atomic arrangement are inversely proportional to the under-cooling. In practical instances, nucleation does not occur heterogeneously on solid substrates such as mould walls. Several works, mainly regarding primary foundry alloys, have been carried out on grain refinement revealing how the TiB2 particles present in AlTi5B1 master alloy provide a germ for heterogeneous nucleation; however, these particles become efficient grain refiners only with excess Ti content. This condition can not only increase the nucle-ating potency of TiB2 particles, but also reduce the grain growth of primary α - Al crystals during solidification. At atomic scale the nucleating potency of TiB2 is dictated by the mismatch between the lattice of this particle and the nucleating phase. The performance of AlTi5B1, well established to be the best grain refiner for cast aluminium alloys as AlSi7Mg0.3 and AlSi12Cu2. Producer of the master alloys as AlTi5B1 guarantee the chemical composi-tion but not size of particles that are very important for solidification process. This review focuses on the quality of five AlTi5B1 master alloys.

Keywords: Aluminium casting alloys, Master alloys applied for refining of the structure, AlTi5B1 master alloy analysis.

References

BIROL, V. (2012). Performance of AlTi5B1, AlTi3B3 and AlB3 Master Alloys in Refining Grain Structure of Aluminium Foundry Alloys. Material Science and Technology, Vol. 28, Issue 4, pp. 481-486.

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GUTIÉRREZ, V. et al (2014). Thermal Analysis of Grain Refinement and Modification of an A 356 Cast Alloy. Chemistry and Material Research, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 52 – 62.

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NOVAKOVA, L., HOMOLA, P., KAFKA, V. (2012). Microstructure Analysis of Titanium Alloys after Defor-mation by means of Asymmetric Incremental Sheet Forming. Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 12, No. 13, pp. 201-206.

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KNAISLOVÁ, A., NOVAK, P., NOVÁ, K. (2016). Using of Microscopy in Optimization of the Ti-Al-Si Alloys Preparation by Powder Metallurgy. Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 946-949.

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The Structure of the Aluminium Alloy and Its Influence on the Fatigue Properties

Milan Uhríčik, Peter Palček, Mária Chalupová, Tatiana Oršulová University of Žilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Material Engineering, Univerzitná 8215/1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

The article will be focused on monitoring the influence of the structure on the fatigue properties of aluminium alloys for the casting of type Al-Mg, especially EN AC 51200 and EN AC 51500. These alloys were selected on the basis of the chemical composition, where the content of most alloying elements is comparable, only in the case of the concentration of magnesium are these alloys significantly different. Fatigue properties of aluminium alloys were tested by three-point bending cyclic loading. The fracture surface of the testing sample was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where samples were observed on various stages of the fatigue process, their characteristics and differences of fracture surfaces.

Keywords: Aluminium alloy, fatigue, structure

Acknowledgement

This work has been supported by Scientific Grant Agency of Ministry of Education of Slovak Republic and Slovak Academy of Sciences No1/0683/15 and by project APVV SK-CZ-2013-0076.

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Tensile Strength of Al Particles/Sisal Fibres Hybrid Composite with Epoxy Matrix

Petr Valášek Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague. Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected]

The hybrid composite polymer system was prepared by a vacuum infusion. The reinforcement phase of the com-posite consists of natural fibers and inorganic aluminum particles. Hard inorganic particles are used in composite systems to optimize certain mechanical characteristics such as hardness, wear resistance or even strength. Hybrid system with an epoxy matrix and a variable concentration of reinforcing phases of aluminum min. purity of 99% (average particle size 31 μm) and sisal fibers was used in the experiment. Sisal fibers were used without a preferred orientation - it was a disordered long-fiber composite system and fibers were treated with 6% aqueous NaOH. The experiment focuses mainly on the hardness and strength characteristics of the composite. Electron microscopy was used to describe the particle morphology and size, and to evaluate matrix filler distribution and interphase inter-actions.

Keywords: Agave sisalana, Electron microscopy, Interaction, Mechanical characteristics

Acknowledgement

The results were supported by the grant IGA TF 2017 (31140/1312/3113).

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Dynamic Planning for Product Platform and Module Based on Graph Theory

Yongming Wu1,2, Han Zhang1, Lifei Luo1,Yanxia Xu1 1Modern Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Guizhou University, Guizhou Guiyang 550025, China. E-mail: [email protected] 2Public Big Data Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Guiyang, 550025, China.

Aiming at the problem of platform planning and module identification in product family design, modular theory, implementation methods and objectives are studied in mass customization(MC), and a dynamic planning model is established for product platform and module. Firstly, the versatility and physical consolidation of existing variants are analyzed and expressed using directed and undirected graphs. And then a dynamic planning algorithm, in which the platform threshold and the module boundary parameters are set dynamically based on market demands, is proposed in product platform and module design. Secondly, potential parts are extracted for more variant prod-ucts in product family design. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach was demonstrated by the dy-namic planning for parts of different humidifiers.

Keywords: Product platform, Modularization, Graph theory, Dynamic planning

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 51505094), the Guizhou Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (no. [2016]1037), Applied basic research program of major projects in Guizhou(JZ[2014]2001) and talent introduction research program of Guizhou University(2014)60.

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