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Map of the Human Body . Chapter 2 A and P Health Sciences [email protected]. Positions. Supine Prone Trendelenburg Fowler’s Video Lab. Body Positions . Anatomical – Standardized for all anatomy A Upright position B Feet apart C Palms Up D Face forward . Pathology Connections . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Positions
• Supine• Prone• Trendelenburg• Fowler’s• Video • Lab
Body Positions
• Anatomical – Standardized for all anatomy – A Upright position – B Feet apart – C Palms Up – D Face forward
Pathology Connections
• Relative to certain clinical scenarios• Trendelenburg– Postural drainage – AVOID with ICP – why??– AVOID pc for 2-4 hours– why??
Pathological Connections
• Sim’s– Rectal procedures
• Prone/Supine– Examinations
• Fowler’s – Orthopnea– Drainage– Orthostatic Hypotension
Body Planes
• Frontal or Coronal Plane – Divides body into Front and Back
• Median Plane – Left and Right sides – Mid Sagittal = halves– Sagittal – left and right sections
• Transverse- – Divides body into Upper and lower sections
Directional Terms
• Superior ( Cranial or Cephalic)• Inferior ( Caudal)• Medial • Lateral • Anterior ( Ventral )• Posterior ( Dorsal) • Distal • Proximal
Directional Terms
• External • Internal • Superficial • Deep – under the surface body • Central – locations around center of body • Peripheral – surrounding outer regions body
Body Cavities
• House or protect organs • Ventral – Thoracic• Mediastinal/ pericardial cavityAbdominal pelvic
• Dorsal Cavity – Cranial – Spinal
Body Cavities
• Regions of the Spinal Column – Cervical C1-C7– Thoracic T1-T12– Lumbar L1-L5– Sacral S(fused S1-S5– Coccyx Tail Bone
• Cavities located in the skull – Nasal– Oral /Buccal – Orbital
Body Cavities
Body Regions
• Abdominal
Abdominal Quadrants • http://quizlet.com/1847323/organs-found-in-
the-four-abdominal-quadrants-flash-cards/
• http://www.free-ed.net/sweethaven/MedTech/NurseCare/GastroNurse01.asp?iNum=17
• http://quizlet.com/2692067/body-cavities-flash-cards/
Terms used to Describe the Body • Antecubital elbow- BP• Antebrachial forearm • Axillary – arm pit • Brachial – bicep area • Buccal- mouth • Digital fingers • Carpal wrist – Carpel tunnel • Cervical neck • Lateral – away from • Bi Lateral both sides • Ipsilateral – same side • Contralateral opposite side
Areas of the Body • Femoral • Gluteal • Lumbar• Nasal • Oral • Orbital • Patellar• Plantar• Pubic• Sternal • Thoracic
Radiology
• Science of Viewing the body• Diagnostic Pathway• High energy radiation that penetrates the
body • Provides 2 dimensional views
X-ray
• Air- Black on film • Tissue/fat thicker area lighter the images • Water- mid range density more
dense than air less than bone• Bone/metal highest density-absorbs most
radiation – film image white
Problems/ concerns X-ray • One dimensional• Terms – PA- upright position – chest in front of film radiation
moves from back to front (PA)- Shoulders commonly rotated distance 6ft
– AP- back against cassette- distance 48inches – portable xray
– Lateral – from side – perception of 3D
–
Radiology
• MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Greater detail – No radiation – Precautions
• CT – Computerized Tomography – Thin slices – 3D view – Reveals true depth of tumor