Ɛmara ŋolo a ɛmanɨkɔr - Uno How's Farm Visits™ How Module 2 Ngikarimojong 2016 linked.pdf · Agenisi ŋɨna itopoloɛ akwap (USAID).Ŋʉna eya tooma lokɨtaabo ŋolo a TOPS

Functional Numeracy for Food Security and

Nutrition

Fixed Obligation Grant (FOG) – Award Number 999000442

Ɛmara ŋolo a ɛmanɨkɔr - Uno How's

Farm Visits™ Ɛkɨtaabo ŋolo ka 2

Akɨpɨmʉn ŋikinyom, ŋasike ka ŋiboro ŋulu

ɨcwaɨcwaere

Ɛmara ŋolo ka apamu a ŋɨna a 5-8

Ɛmara ŋolo a ɛmanɨkɔr - Uno How's Farm Visits™

1

Ɛmara ŋolo ka akiyokit akɨmʉj ka ekimuje ŋolo

ajɔkan

Fixed Obligation Grant (FOG) – Ɛnamba ŋolo ɛtalakarere 999000442

Ɛmara ŋolo a ɛmanɨkɔr - Uno How's

Farm Visits™ Ɛkɨtaabo ŋolo ka 2

Apeyo ŋɨna a ɛmanɨkor aŋolo 5-8

Akɨpɨmʉn ŋikinyom, ŋasike ka ŋiboro ŋulu

ɨcwaɨcwaere

William Ian Robinson

Lisa Osborne (graphics) Heather Pitcher

2016 ISBN: 978-0-9954773-0-8


2

Uno How’s Farm Visits ɛrai ɛtal ŋolo a

ɛmara aŋolo aŋakɨlasya aŋʉna a ŋapamuo,

ŋolo ipeyonokinɨa eketiyan ŋolol ɛnyarɨtaɛ

“Uno How”.

Agɛɨkɨnɛt

Ɛkɨtaabo ŋolo a 2 – Akɨpɨmʉn ŋikinyom, ŋasike ka ŋiboro ŋulu ɨcwaɨcwaere.

Ɛrai ɛkɨtaabo lo ŋolo erucɔrɨt ŋakipeyonokinɛta 4 ŋʉna a Uno How, ɛtʉpɨt ɛkɨtaabo ŋolo ka 1 (ɨgɨrɨr kwap ne ka ɛrai ɛkɨtaabo ece). Apeyo ŋɨna a 5- Etyae a ŋikinyom a ŋulu iitana Apeyo ŋɨna a 6- Ebei a ŋikinyom a ŋulu iitana Apeyo ŋɨna a 7- Akɨpɨmakɨn etyae a ŋasike Apeyo ŋɨna a 8- Etyae a ɛkɨtɔɛ a ŋolo iitana ɨcwaɨcwayo

Itodiunito ŋakipeyonokinɛta ɛrai ŋagʉrapua ŋʉna ileerete ŋʉn ŋʉna egeunito alosikinet. Ɛtʉpakɨnɨt ŋɨna-tutubet ɛrai akisileerekinet ŋɨna aŋɨpicaɛ, ŋakɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛta ka ŋiticisyo (eya nai ŋaboŋonokineta nasalʉnɛt a ɛkɨtaabo a lo).

Ɛkɨtaabo ŋolo ka 1 – Akɨpɨmʉn Eeria ɛrai ŋakipeyonokɨnɛta 4 ŋʉna a Tad ka Mim.

Apeyo ŋɨna ka a 1-Akɨpɨmʉn ɛmanɨkɔr kon Apeyo ŋɨna a 2-Akɨpɨm eerya a ŋɨmanɨkorin kon Apeyo ŋɨna a 3-Akɨpɨm eerya a ŋɨmanikorin a ŋulu nyiriyan Apeyo ŋɨna a 4-Akɨpɨmakɨn eerya ŋolo ka apamu kon Eryamunio ɛkɨtaabo ŋolo ka 1 ka ŋolo a 2 alo http://www.agritechtalk.org/Uno How Introduction.html

Ɨŋarakɨnɨt ɛmara ŋolo ka akɨmʉj ka ekimuje ŋolo ajokan ɛrai ɛpʉrɔgʉram ŋolo a USAID Technical and Operational Performance Support (TOPS). Ɨgaŋɨt nabo TOPS Micro Grants Program ɛrai aɨnakɨnɛt ŋɨna ebunit aneni a ŋɨtʉŋa a ŋulu ka Amerika, ŋɨna ɨkɔbʉnɨt U.S Agenisi ŋɨna itopoloɛ akwap (USAID).Ŋʉna eya tooma lokɨtaabo ŋolo a TOPS Micro Grants Program mɛrɛ ŋatamɛta ŋʉna a TOPS, USAID kori apukan ŋɨna a United States.

http://www.agritechtalk.org/Uno%20How%20Introduction.html


3

Uno How’s Farm Visits…

Ŋʉna eya tɔɔma lokɨtaabo

Uno How’s apamu ŋɨna a 5… Etyae a ŋikinyom a ŋulu iitana ........................................................................ 4

Eerya ŋolo ka apamu a Tad ka Mim ŋɨna apolon .............................................................................................. 5

Ŋakiloi ŋʉna eya lodoo a ŋikinyom epei ........................................................................................................... 6

Ŋakiloi aŋikinyom aŋulu eyekinio aŋolo ɛkɨta kori aŋolo ɛka ........................................................................... 8

Alatanakɨn aloroin – Ŋɨkɨlames aTad ............................................................................................................... 10

Alatanakɨn ŋɨkɨtɔ – ŋɨkɨlames a Mim .............................................................................................................. 11

Ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita ................................................................................................................. 12

Epit ŋolo epolootoe ......................................................................................................................................... 13

Ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋolo ɛkɨta ka aŋolo ɛka ........................................................................................................ 14

Uno How’s apamu ŋɨna a 6… Ebei aŋikinyom .............................................................................................. 15

Epite ŋolo iwaakinere ka ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana ............................................................................................... 16

Ebei aŋikinyom ................................................................................................................................................ 17

Akɨmarʉn ɛpaɨda ŋolo 10% ............................................................................................................................. 18

Akɨtac ŋikinyom ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere ............................................................................................................ 20

Ebei ka apei-kine .............................................................................................................................................. 21

Uno How’s apamu ŋɨna a 7 … Akɨpɨmʉn etyae aŋasike ka ŋacoto .............................................................. 22

DAP ka ŋacoto ................................................................................................................................................. 23

Ebei a DAP ka ŋacoto ....................................................................................................................................... 24

Ebei ŋolo eryamunere ka ŋolo ipotorere ........................................................................................................ 26

Ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo a ŋɨsɨlɨŋa aŋulu aŋasike ka ŋacoto ka ŋulu epotorere daŋ ............................................................ 27

Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋolo aŋasike ka ŋacoto aŋulu eya nadepedepyo ŋauni ŋʉna aŋakiloi 50 ................................ 28

Ɛnamba aŋamee aŋʉna iitana togyelaraɛ ikotere totacere ŋasike ka ŋacoto ................................................ 28

Ŋasike ka ŋacoto ŋʉna alalak .......................................................................................................................... 29

Uno How’s apamu ŋɨna a 8 …… Ŋiboro ŋulu ɨcwaɨcwaere .......................................................................... 30

Epite ŋolo ɛnyamitere ..................................................................................................................................... 31

Ŋakidiŋon ŋʉna-rɨpikɨna .................................................................................................................................. 32

Ŋʉna alokidiŋ................................................................................................................................................... 33

Akɨcwaɨcwa ...................................................................................................................................................... 34

Epite ŋolo isitiyaere ɛkɨtɔɛ ............................................................................................................................... 35

Akicul ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo idikit .................................................................................................................................... 36

Akɨmarʉn epite ŋolo eduworere akɨcwaɨcwaɛt .............................................................................................. 38

Ŋʉna kitiya losaa isitiyaere akɨcwaɨcwaɛt ....................................................................................................... 40

Akɨmarʉn ebei ŋolo ka akɨcwaɨcwaɛt ............................................................................................................. 41

Ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo iitana ikotere ɛmanɨkɔr a lyro ....................................................................................................... 42

Ŋaboŋonokinɛta ka ŋakisileerekinet ŋʉna a Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei ............................................................................ 43

Acat aŋɨnambaɛ .............................................................................................................................................. 59

Ŋɨmɛsaɛ ŋulu ka akirwan ................................................................................................................................ 60


4

Uno How’s apamu ŋɨna a 5… Etyae a ŋikinyom a ŋulu iitana

Ɛrɨkakɨn apamu a Uno How ŋɨna a 5 – toruco ŋaren Uno How apamu ŋɨna a 6


5

Uno How’s apamu ŋɨna a 5

Akɨpɨmʉn ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana

Eerya ŋolo ka apamu a Tad ka Mim ŋɨna apolon

Akɨpɨmakɨn – Akɨrɨʉn Aŋolo-tic, nyɛmaɨkɨna ŋieryaɛ aŋapamwo ileerete, nait ɛmaɨkɨna kɨpɨmʉnaɛ. Ɛrai akɨpɨmʉn ɛrai akɨrɨʉn ŋɨnambaɛ ikotere tokidyokuut ŋidigito. Ɛpatana akitiya ŋɨnambaɛ ŋulu iriununuyo – itidideuni ɛsaa ka ŋikup. Epedoryo akɨrɨʉn ŋɨnambaɛ lonambaɛ ŋulu-ce (ŋulu aŋakɨlɨmakɨnɛta) kori ŋɨnambaɛ daadaŋ. Ani ɛnaŋi akɨpɨmakɨn ŋɨdayamitaɛ ŋulu aŋapamwo, ɛjɔk sɛk akɨrɨʉn kidyaama (kitopolou ɛnamba). Ani iriunio kwap (kɨtɨdɨtɛʉ) ka kisitiya akitiyaʉnɨa ŋikinyom ŋulu-gyeluna (akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt), ɛrauni ŋidi-kidyo igyeluni iyoŋ. Ɛjɔk sɛk akɨrɨʉn ɛnamba ŋolo ɛyapɨkɨnɨt ½, ¼ kori ⅓. Isitiyao ŋatyakatyakaɛta ŋʉna ɛpataka ɨkwa nʉ akisilereunio ŋɨdayamitaɛ ŋulu anakɨtarɛ anɛrai ɛpatana akitiyaʉn akɨlɔ ŋakɨlɨmakɨnɛt, ɨkwa ŋɨna itoodiunitor eyunit ŋolo ebunit. Ebe, ɨkwa akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt na, epedoryo akɨrɨʉn ŋɨmanikorin a Tad ka Mim ŋulu epolok ŋieryaɛ 1.23 ha toraʉt ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 1.25 ha (kori 1¼ ha). Aso, ɛrai kɛdɨt akɨlɨmakɨnɛt/atyakatyakaɛt (akɨlɔ 0.1 or 1/10) ɛjɔk nooi akɨrɨʉn kwap (editeuni etic ŋolo-ryamʉnɛt). Akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt, ɛrai ɛmanɨkɔr a Tad ka Mim ŋɨɛkaɛ 3.04. Epedoryo akɨrɨʉn torata 3. Aboŋor neni a Uno How Farm Visit 5

Ɛrai ɛwaɛ-kooyan ŋamitaɛ 220 ka ɛrai ɛwaɛ-uriyen ŋamitaɛ 56. Ikotere kɨmarunere eerya (A) kirwanɨk ɛwaɛ-kooyan (L) ka ɛwaɛ-uriyen (W) Eerya (m²) = 220 m x 56 m = 12320 m² Ikotere toryamunere eerya aŋɨɛkɨtaɛ iitana tokorakɨnaɛ ŋamitaɛ m² ka 10000 (ɨkɔna 10000 m² = 1 ha) = 12320 ÷ 10000 = 1.23 ha. Ikotere toryamunere eerya aŋɨɛkaɛ, kirwanɨk eerya alotɔɔma ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ ka 2.47 (ɨkwa ŋɨna eyakatar ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 2.47 aŋolo ɛka). 1.23 x 2.47 = 3.04 Iŋes atɛmar ɛrai apamu a Tad ka Mim ŋɨna apolon ŋɨɛkaɛ 1.23 ha alotɔɔma epei eerya kori

ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 3.04 acres.

To

Totamunite ebe ɛrai apamu

ŋɨna apolon a Tad ka Mim

ɛrai arɛkɨtaŋʉgɔl.

Ɛwaɛ-kooyan

Ɛwaɛ-uriyen


6


Akɨpɨmʉn ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana Ŋakiloi ŋʉna eya lodoo a ŋikinyom epei

Egyeleneneete Tad ka Mim ŋidooli 8 ŋulu aŋikinyom, ŋulu ɛrai epei ŋakiloi 3.5 kg

Ɛrai nai ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo aŋakiloi aŋikinyom 8 x 3.5 Ipedori iyoŋ akɨkatakɨn akirwanɨkɨn ŋolo-saa ɨgɨrya iyoŋ ɛjɔk, ani isitiyaɛ “ŋakɨlɨmakɨnɛta ŋʉna ka akirwan” ŋɨna adaʉn ɨwɔn aanyʉn alokɨtaabo aŋolo ka 1. Ece-pite nabo lo, ipedori iyoŋ atyakatyak ŋɨnambaɛ ka kisitiya ŋatamɛta ŋʉna aŋatyakatyakaɛta akitiyaʉnɨa ŋaboŋokinɛt. Ɛpatana anɛrai ɛjɔk isitiyao ŋatyakatyakaɛt akɨlɔ ŋakɨlɨmakɨnɛt. Akirwan aŋatyakatyakaɛta aŋʉna ɛpataka Ikwa ŋɨna isyomya iyoŋ alokɨtaabo aŋolo ka 1, 8 x 3.5 ikwaan ka 8 x 3 kɨmɔrɨk ka 8 x 0.5. Iŋes atɛmar, ɛmaɨkɨna togɛɨk akiwok ŋaboŋokinɛta ŋʉna arei nʉ ɛgɛlɛgɛlaaka: 8 x 3 = 24 8 x 0.5 = ? Ibo iyoŋ toanyʉ aloyunit aŋolo ka 1 (ɛwaɛ 31) ebe:

Aŋʉn, 8 x 0.5 epedoryo akɨgɨrakɨn ɨkɔna 8 x ½ Ɛrai kirwanɨk iyoŋ ɛdi-namba ka ½ ikwaan ka atyakatyak ka 2 (kori akɔrakɨn). Iŋes atɛmar 8 x ½ = 8 ÷ 2 = 4 Ɛraunete 8 x 0.5 = 4 Ɛkɨsal, imorikini iyoŋ ŋɨtɔtɔlɨa ŋulu arei lu ikotere toryamʉ aboŋokinɛt: 8 x 3.5 = 8 x 3 plus 8 x 0.5 = 24 + 4 = 28. Iŋes atɛmar ɛrai ɛtɔtɔl aŋakiloi aŋikinyom aŋulu egyeleneneete ikes 28 kg. Ɛtʉpɨtaɛ ŋulu-pei-kɨsɨla: Akirwanɨkɨn ɛnamba ka 0.25 ikwaan ka akirwanɨkɨn ka ¼ ŋulu-pei ikwaan ka akɔrakɨn ka 4 (atyakakɨn natutubɛta-omwon) ka ŋulu-ce daŋ....

Eyenete Tad ka Mim ɛnamba ka ŋakiloi a edooli aŋolo egyeleneneete ikes alomakɛt. Ikotere toryamunere ɛtɔtɔl aŋakiloi aŋʉna aŋikinyom, irwanikinio ɛnamba ŋolo aŋidooli ka apotis aŋolo-dooli.


7

Arɨpɨkɨn aboŋokinɛt kon

Etɛsɨt Atipei 1 – Akɨmarʉn ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo aŋikinyom

Kigiri kwap ŋaboŋonokineta ka kisikwaan ka ŋaboŋonokinɛta ŋʉna eya kau ɛkɨtaabo lo.

Aboŋor neni a Uno How Farm Visit 5

Asʉbakɨn atipei, akɨmarʉn ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana ka akisikwaan ŋulu arei ɛrai epite ŋolo ajɔkan ŋolo

ɨrɨpɨkɨnɨa aboŋokinɛt kon. Ɛrai kikwaan ŋaboŋokineta, iŋes atɛmar iyookino ŋaboŋokineta

kon. Ani kɛmam, toboŋok nabo akɨmarʉn.

Kori, ece-pite, atyakakɨn ɛnamba a 3 (akɔrakɨn natutubɛta-uni) ikwaan ka akirwanɨkɨn ka 1/3 kori akirwanɨkɨn ka 0.33 ka ŋulu-ce daŋ....

Ɛgyeleneneete Tad ka Mim ŋidooli 8 ŋulu aŋikinyom, ɛrai ipei ŋakiloi 3.5 kg alomakɛt = 28 kg. Ikotere akɨmarʉn atipei ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo aŋikinyom iberi mɔnɔ kɨrɨʉ-kidyaama 3.5 torata 4. Idyo nai kirwanɨk 8 ka 4. Ikwa ŋɨna ɨyatakɨnɨa iyoŋ ŋakiloi a edooli torata 4 kg Ɨtamakini iyoŋ atɛmar ɛrauni akɨmarakɨnɛt kon ŋɨna epolot akɨlɔ ŋʉna sɛk ɨdaʉ iyoŋ akɨmarakɨn. 8 x 4 kg = 32 kg Ɛkɨdyoko ŋul akɨlɔ 28 kg ŋulu eya nakɨmarakɨnɛt kon, ka ikoni iyookino ŋakiloi 28 kg.

1 Ɛrai ecwee epei ŋakiloi 4.5 kg. Nyo ɛraunete ŋicweei 15?

Kɨmarʉ nai ɛtɔtɔl aŋakiloi? Ikokinete lu ikwaanikin ka ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo aŋakiloi aŋuna adaʉn akɨmarʉn ai?

2 Ɛrai amesekit apei ŋadɔlaɛ $30.25. Ŋadɔlaɛ ŋaai ŋamesekin 6?

Kɨmarʉ nai ɛtɔtɔl aŋadɔlaɛ? Ikokinete lu ikwaanikin ka ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo aŋakinei ŋolo adaʉn akɨmarʉn ai?

3 Kɨmarʉ ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo alokwap lo. Kɨmarʉ nai ikes. Ikwaan ŋaboŋokineta ŋʉna arei ɨkwaanɨ? a) 10 x 7.5 b) 21 x 8.5 c) 37 x 3.5 d) 15 x 6.5


8



Ŋakiloi aŋikinyom aŋulu eyekinio aŋolo ɛkɨta kori aŋolo ɛka

Ɛmɨnasɨ ŋaryoŋɛta akirworo ŋʉna aŋikinyom aŋulu eyekinio aŋolo ɛkɨta (kg/ha). Ŋakiloi a ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ ŋʉna ɛcamakinito Tad ka Mim anaryoŋɛt kɛc ɛrai 12 kg aŋolo ɛkɨta. Ikotere toryamunere ŋakiloi ŋʉna apɔtʉTad ka Mim kisitiyata, totyak ŋikinyom ŋulu esitiyaɛ (aŋakiloi) ka etyae a ɛmanɨkɔr (aŋɨɛkɨtaɛ).

Ɛrai ɛmanɨkɔr a Tad ka Mim ŋɨna apolon ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 1.25 ha (1 ¼ ha) kori ŋɨɛkaɛ 3. Ani-ɛrai isitiyaete Tad ka Mim ŋakiloi 28 kg ŋʉna aŋikinyom akitodol ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 1¼ ha, iŋes atɛmar ebe ŋakiloi ŋʉna ɛyɛkɨna aŋolo ɛkɨta ɛrai 1 ha ŋulu ekidyoko akɨlɔ 28 kg. Ŋulu ɛyɛkinio aŋolo ɛka epedor daŋ akidyoku akɨlɔ ŋakiloi 28 kg ɨkwa ŋɨna isitiyaata ikes ŋakiloi 28kg loɛkaɛ 3. 1. Akɨmarʉn ŋulu ɛyɛkinio aloɛka a 1, tokorak 28 ka 3 28 ÷ 3 = 9.33 = 9 ⅓ ŋakiloi aŋolo ɛka 2. Akɨmarʉn ŋulu ɛyɛkinio aloɛkɨta a 1, tokorak 28 ka 1¼ Ani etyakyo ɛnamba ka atyakatyakaɛt epedoryo akɨtɔpatan ɛtɔtɔl anakirwan ikotere tolɛmarɔr atyakatyakaɛt. Ipedori iyoŋ akitiya nʉ alorotin aŋulu arei alu: Epite 1 Kirwanɨk ŋɨnambaɛ ŋulu arei ka edinomineita ŋolo ka atyakatyakaɛt, ɨŋes atɛmar 4. Kirwanɨk 28 ka 4 = 20 x 4 kɨmɔrɨk ka 8 x 4 = 80 + 32 = 112 Kirwanɨk 1 ¼ ka 4 = 1 x 4 kɨmɔrɨk ka ¼ x 4 = 4 + 1 = 5 Iŋes atɛmar ikokini aboŋokinet kon ne: 112 ÷ 5. Itiyakini iyoŋ iŋes ɨkɔna:


9

.

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 2 – Akɨmarʉn ŋikinyom aŋolo ɛkɨta kori aŋolo ɛka



1 Isitiyaɛ ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi aŋikinyom 35 kg alomanɨkɔr aŋolo ɛrai ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 2 kori ŋɨɛkaɛ 5. Nyo ɛrai ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛyɛete ikest?

2 Isitiyaɛ ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi aŋikinyom 60 kg alomanɨkɔr aŋolo ɛrai ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 3 kori ŋɨɛkaɛ 7.5. Nyo ɛrai ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛyɛete ikest?

3 Isitiyaɛ ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi aŋikinyom 40 kg alomanɨkɔr aŋolo ɛrai ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 3.25 kori ŋɨɛkaɛ 8. Nyo ɛrai ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛyɛete ikest?

Epite ŋolo a 2

Epedoryo akɨgɨr 28 ÷ 1 ¼ ɨkɔna 28 ÷ 1.25, idyo kirwanɨkɨnaɛ ŋɨnambaɛ ŋulu arei ka 100 ikoter tolɛmarere akɨlɨmakɨnɛt.

Ɛrai tɔkɔna ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛyɛkineteTad ka Mim ŋakiloi 22.4 aŋolo ɛkɨta.

Epedoryo akɨrɨʉn torata ŋakiloi 22.5 kg = 22½ kg. Tocoite irikini-kwap anɛrai nyiyakar robo iyoŋ ŋikinyom ŋulu itemokino. Aŋʉn esitiyanenete Tad ka Mim ŋakiloi ŋʉna alalak ayarɛ ŋikinyom akɨlɔ ŋulu sɛk ɛcamakɨnɨtaɛ (ŋakiloi 12 kg aŋolo ɛkɨta) Iŋes atɛmar ɛbalɨbalete ikes ŋikinyom ka ŋɨsɨlɨŋa.


10



Iitanɨt ŋolo-kinyomit neni epoloo. Iitanito ŋɨce-nyomen neni ɛlal akɨlɔ ŋice. Ŋice-kinyom (ŋulu cicik) ɛyɛkinio ɨdʉnyʉny aloroin kɛc. Ŋace-pakyo, iitana aɛkɨn kori akɨpɨtakɨn (ɨkwa, ŋɨkinyom ŋulu itopoloo alonasari) tɔɔma napanya ŋʉna-lapat alomanɨkɔr. Ɛjɔk nooi ayenut ŋikinyom kon ka epite ŋolo ɛlasere ŋolo ɨyatakini ŋikinyom ekokete. Ɛtatamɨk Uno ebe ɛmaɨkɨna Tad ka Mim kɨpɨta ŋikinyom kɛc aŋɨlaino aŋulu ɛrai ŋikɨlames a Tad ½ alokidiŋ ŋiroin ka ŋɨkɨlames a Mim ½ alokidiŋ ŋɨkɨtɔ. Alatanakɨn aloroin – Ŋɨkɨlames aTad


Ɛrai ŋɨkɨolames a Tad amita 1. Iitana ŋiroin kɨpɨtakɨnaɛ ɛrai anus a ɛkɨlames aTad. Ikwaan anus ŋɨna ka amita 1 ka akityak a 2, iŋes atɛmar anus a ɛkɨlames a Tad ɛrai = ½ m kori 0.5 m. Anus a ɛkɨlames a Tad = 0.50 m.


11



Alatanakɨn ŋɨkɨtɔ – ŋɨkɨlames a Mim


Ɛrai ɛkɨlames a Mim ŋamitaɛ 0.8 m. Iitana ŋikinyom kɨpɨtaɛ ɛrai ɛkɨlames a Mim ½. Ikwaan ŋamitaɛ 0.8 m ka ŋasenitimitaɛ 80 cm. Ikwaan anus aŋasenitimitaɛ a 80 ka akityak a 2, ɨkɔna 80/2 = 40 cm. Akilocokin ŋasenitimitaɛ 40 cm torata ŋamitaɛ etyakyo ka 100 (ɨkwaŋɨna eyakatar ŋasenitimitaɛ 100 cm tɔɔma namita) ɨkɔna 40/100 = 0.40 Anus a ɛkɨlames a Mim = 0.40 kori ŋamitaɛ 0.4 m.

Ɛlalak ŋiboro ŋulu ɨkɨŋarakinete iyoŋ. Ɛrai pa kɨcamɨt akisitiya ŋɨkɨlames kon akɨpɨmya aloro, ilemuni iyoŋ akɨtɔɛ akɨpɨmya, kideŋ aŋasenitimitaɛ a 10 ikotere topɛdɔrya iyoŋ alatanakɨn.

Ipedori daŋ akisitiya akoni-kan. Ɛrai adapalu ka akan a ɨtʉŋanan aŋini apolon ŋasenitimitaɛ 20 cm, ipedori nai iyoŋ akisitiya akɨpɨmya.


12



Ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita


Toryamʉ ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita Ikotere toryamunere ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋulu eryamunete Tad ka Mim aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita, ɛbɛit mɔnɔ kɨmarak eerya ŋolo eyai ŋolo-kɨtɔɛ (neni ɛrai ɛrɛkɨtaŋʉgɔl). Kirwanɨk ɛwaɛ-kooyan (ŋolo alokidɨŋ ŋiroin) x ɛwaɛ-uriyen (ŋolo alokidɨŋ ŋɨkɨtɔ) = 0.5 x 0.4 = 0.20 sq m.

Ani ɨkɨtamakini, ɛrai eerya ŋolo iboikin epei-kɨtɔɛ = 0.20 m2.

Ɛnamba aŋɨwaetin aŋulu ipisere aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita

Erya ŋolo ɨdɔdɨʉnɨt ɛwaɛ epei ŋolo ɨpɨsyata Tad ka Mim ɛlasete aŋamitaɛ = 0.20 m2.

Amita 1 kɛkɔrakɨn 0.20 = neni kɨpita aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita.

Ikwaan 0.20 ka 1/5 ebe 1 kɛkɔrakɨn 0.20 = 5.

Iŋes atɛmar eyakaun ŋɨwaetin 5 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita.

Ani ipisi iyoŋ ɛmanɨkɔr kon kori ipimi neni etyauni akɨmʉj rwanʉ, iitani iyoŋ aanyʉn ɛkɨmar aŋikinyom kori aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋulu epete loɛkɨta epei kori loɛka epei. Eryamunio mɔnɔ ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋulu eya nasikwɛa-mita apei, ɨkwa ŋɨna ɛrakatar ŋakɨpɨmɛta kon ŋamitaɛ, idyo nai kilocok torata ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ kori ŋɨɛkaɛ.

Ipisyo ŋikinyom tɔɔma nen.


13



Epit ŋolo epolootoe

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 3 – Akɨmarʉn ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita



Elimokinit Uno Tad ka Mim aɛkɨn ŋulu edolito ŋikinyom 4 aŋɨna kɨpany. Ɛyɛkinete nai Ikes: 5 x 4 = 20 ŋikinyom aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita. Ɛcamito ikes akɨmarʉn ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛtamete ikes ebe erupunete ɛjɔk alotɔɔma apei-sɨkwɛa-mita, ɛrai keyakatar ikes epita ŋolo ɛrʉpyata 90%. Akɨmarʉn epite ŋolo ɛrʉpyata Ikotere toryamunere 90% alotɔɔma 20, kilocok 90% toraʉt akɨlɨmakɨnɛt idyo kirwanɨk ka 20. 90% ɛraunete akɨlɨmakɨnɛt ɨkɔna 90/100 = 0.9 Aso 90% alotɔɔma 20 = 0.9 x 20 = 0.9 x 2 x 10 = 18. Iitanete ikes ŋikinyom 18 arʉpʉn aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita, kɛrai epite ŋolo ɛrʉpʉnɨata 90%.

Idodiununuyo epite ŋolo epolooto ŋikinyom alotɔɔma amɨyat (%). Ebookoi pasenit ɛrai ŋulu eya na 100’. Ɛrai 100 pasenɨt (100%) Ɛrai epite ŋolo epolooto ŋikinyom daadaŋ. Epoloe ka 90% ɛrai 90 alotɔɔma ŋikinyom100 ŋulu erupete ɛjɔk. Ɨkwa ŋɨna ɛraakar pasɛnɨt ŋulu alotɔɔma 100, ɛrai ibore ŋini ka atyakatyak, ka 100 torai ɛnamba ŋolo alokwap. Aŋʉn, eyakatar ta pasɛnɨt ŋakɨlɨmakɨnɛt ŋʉna iriyan ka ŋulu aŋatyakatyakaɛta - ɛjɔk ayenut ŋulu isitiyaeneneo ka ɛtaʉ: 50% = 50/100 = 1/2 kori 0.5 25% = 25/100 = 1/4 kori 0.25 10% = 10/100 = 1/10 kori 0.1 20% = 20/100 = 1/5 kori 0.2 33% = 33/100 = 1/3 kori 0.33 (ɛyapɨkɨna) Ikotere kɨmarunere ɛpasɛnɨt ŋolo a ɛnamba, kilocok % toraʉ akɨlɨmakɨnɛt (kori atyakatyakaɛt) idyo nai kirwanɨk akɨlɨmakɨnɛt na ka ɛnamba aŋolo ɨcamɨt iyoŋ aryamʉn ɛpasɛnɨt kɛŋ.

Nyepoloete ŋikinyom ŋulu ɨpɨtanakinio daadaŋ. Eyakatar ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛgɛlɛgɛla epoloe kɛc – ŋikinyom ŋice, epoloete daadaŋ; nabo ŋikinyom ŋice nyepoloete daadaŋ. Epite ŋolo epolooto ŋikinyom nyɛrai epite a ɛkɨtɔɛ kori aŋalup bon, nait

ɛrai ɛkabɨla, ŋirwa a ekinyomit, aŋaleo ka epite ŋolo ɨŋaditere ekinyomit. Aŋʉn, ɛbɛɨt tɔɛkɨnaɛ ŋɨkinyom ŋulu alalak akɨlɔ ŋulu

ekidyoko.

1. Ipisi ɛkɛtan ŋikinyom kɛŋ 0.7 m ɛlatakɨna aloro, ka 0.5 m alokidiŋ ŋikinyom. Ɛyɛkini iŋes ŋikinyom 4 aŋina-kɨpany ka eyakar iŋes epite ŋolo ɛrʉpyata 90%. Ŋikinyom ŋɨai eryamuni iŋes aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita?

2. Ipisi ɛkɛtan ŋikinyom kɛŋ 0.6 m ɛlatakɨna aloro, ka 0.4 m alokidiŋ ŋikinyom. Ɛyɛkini iŋes ŋikinyom 4 aŋina-kɨpany ka eyakar iŋes epite ŋolo ɛrʉpyata 80%. Ŋikinyom ŋɨai eryamuni iŋes aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita?


14



Ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋolo ɛkɨta ka aŋolo ɛka Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 4 – Akɨmarʉn ɛnamba aŋikinyom aŋolo ɛkɨta kori aŋolo ɛka kɛlʉnyar akitub



Akitub ŋikinyom Ani kepoloto ikes, etubete Tad ka Mim ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛrai ŋɨkɨtɔ 4 ka ŋɨkɨtɔ 2 aŋɨna-kɨpany.

Eyakasɨ ŋapanya 5 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita. Aso, kɛdaun akitub, idoŋete ŋɨkɨtɔ 10 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita.

Ikoter toryamunere ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋulu ɛyapɨkɨna aŋolo ɛkɨta kori aŋolo ɛka, kilocok

ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ ǝŋina-sɨkwɛa-mita toraʉt ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ kori ŋɨɛkaɛ.

Ɛnamba aŋikinyom aŋolo-ɛkɨta kɛdaun akitub

Epei ɛkɨta = 10000 m2, aso iitana iyoŋ kirwanɨk aboŋokinɛt (ŋɨna ɛrai amita 1 m2) ka 1000.

Ɨŋes atɛmar ebe alotɔɔma epei ɛkɨta eyakasɨ ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛyapikinito 10000 x 10 = 100 000 aŋolo ɛka, ka ŋikinyom 2 aŋɨna-kɨpany.

Ɛnamba aŋikinyom aŋolo-ɛkɨta kɛdaun akitub

Ikotere toryamunere ɛnamba aŋikinyom aŋolo ɛka, kirwanɨk ɛnamba aŋikinyom aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita ka 4050.

Iŋes atɛmar ebe aŋolo-ɛka eyakasɨ ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛyapikinito 4050 x 10 = 40 500 aŋolo-ɛka, ka ŋikinyom 2 aŋɨna-kɨpany.

1 Ipisi ɛkɛtan ŋikinyom kɛŋ 0.5 m ɛlatakɨna aŋolo ro, ka 0.5 m alokidiŋ ŋikinyom. Ɛyekini iŋes ŋikinyom 4 aŋɨna-kɨpany ka eyakar iŋes epite ŋolo ɛrʉpyata 90%. Etubi iŋes ŋikinyom torata 2 aŋɨna-kɨpany. Ŋikinyom ŋɨai ɛyekinio aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita? Ŋɨkɨnyom ŋɨai ɛtami iŋes ebe erupunete aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita? Kɛlʉnyar akitub, ŋikinyom ŋɨai eryamuni iŋes aŋolo-ɛkɨta ka aŋolo-ɛka?

2 Ipisi ɛkɛtan ŋikinyom kɛŋ 0.6 m ɛlatakɨna aŋolo ro, ka 0.5 m alokidiŋ ŋikinyom. Ɛyekini iŋes ŋikinyom 4 aŋɨna-kɨpany ka eyakar iŋes epite ŋolo ɛrʉpyata 70%. Etubi iŋes ŋikinyom torata 2 aŋɨna-kɨpany. Ŋikinyom ŋɨai ɛyekinio aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita? Ŋɨkɨnyom ŋɨai ɛtami iŋes ebe erupunete aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita? Kɛlʉnyar akitub, ŋikinyom ŋɨai eryamuni iŋes aŋolo-ɛkɨta ka aŋolo-ɛka?

3 Ipis ɛkɛtan ŋɨkɨtɔ kɛŋ 2 m ɛlatakɨna aloroin, ka 2.5 m alokidiŋ ŋɨkɨtɔ. Ŋɨkɨtɔ ŋɨai eryamuni iŋes aŋolo-ɛkɨta? Ŋɨkɨtɔ ŋɨai eryamuni iŋes aŋolo-ɛka?


15

Uno How’s apamu ŋɨna a 6… Ebei aŋikinyom

Ɛrɨkakin Uno How Farm Visit 6 – Toruco ŋaren Uno How Farm Visit 7


16


Ebei aŋikinyom Epite ŋolo iwaakinere ka ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 5 – Ŋikinyom ŋulu isitiyao



Ɛrai ɛmanɨkɔr a Tad ka Mim ŋɨna apolon ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 1.25 kori ŋɨɛkaɛ 3 aso iitanete ikes ŋakiloi ŋʉna ɛdɛparito 12 kg. Epedorete ikes akɨmarʉn etyae aŋikinyom aŋulu iitanito ikes isitiyaete kɛrai ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ kori ŋɨɛkaɛ. Ɨtɔɔdɨʉnɨtaɛ daadaŋ ane. Ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ: Epite ŋolo isitiyaere ɛrai 12 kg/ha iŋes atɛmar ɛrai ŋikinyom ŋulu iitanito ikes 12 x 1.25 Kirwanɨk aŋɨwaetin: 12 x 1 kɨmɔrɨk 12 x 0.25 12 x 1 = 12 Ikiyeni ebe iriyan 0.25 ika¼ aso 12 x ¼ = 12/1 x 1/4 = 12/4 = 3 Aŋʉn 12 x 1.25 = 12 + 3 = 15 kg. Ŋɨɛkaɛ: Epite ŋolo isitiyaere ɛrai 5 kg/acre iŋes atɛmar ɛrai ŋikinyom ŋulu iitanito ikes 5 x 3 = 15 kg.

Iitanito nai Tad ka Mim ŋakiloi aŋikinyom 15 ikotere ɛmanɨkɔr kɛc.

Ŋakiloi a ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ ŋʉna ɛcamakinito Tad ka Mim anaryoŋɛt kɛc ɛrai 12 kg aŋolo ɛkɨta.

Ikotere toryamunere ɛnamba aŋikinyom aŋulu ɛcamito Tad ka Mim agyelun, kirwanɨk epite ŋolo ɛyeere ka etyae a ɛmanɨkɔr.

1 Eyakar ɛkɛtan ɛmanɨkɔrŋolo ɛrai ŋɨɛkaɛ 2.5 ha. Ɛrai epite ŋolo isitiyaere ŋikinyom ŋakiloi 15 aŋolo ɛka. Ŋɨai ŋikinyom iitanito ikes akigyel?

2 Eyakar ɛkɛtan ŋɨɛkaɛ 10. Ŋɨai ŋikinyom iitanɨt iŋes akigyel ɛrai kɛrai epite ŋolo isitiyaere 8 kg/acre?

3 Eyakar ɛkɛtan ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 0.5 ha. Eyakar ekinyomit ŋolo iitanɨt iŋes akigyel epite ŋolo isitiyaere

ŋakiloi 14 aŋolo ɛkɨta. Ŋɨai ŋikinyom iitanɨt iŋes akigyel?

4 Eyakar ɛkɛtan ŋɨɛkaɛ 1.25. Ŋɨai ŋikinyom iitanɨt iŋes akigyel ɛrai kɛrai epite ŋolo isitiyaere ŋakiloi

11 aŋolo ɛka?


17


Ebei aŋikinyom

Ebei aŋikinyom

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 6 – Akɨmarʉn ebei aŋikinyom



Iitanete Tad ka Mim ŋakiloi aŋikinyom 15.

Ɛrai ŋikinyom $3 aŋɨna-kilo.

Ɛrai nai ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo aŋikinyom ŋadɔlaɛ 15 x 3 = $45

Iitanete nai ikes akigyel ŋikinyom $45.

Ikotere akɨmarʉn ebei aŋikinyom aŋulu iitana kirwanɨk:

Ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana (aŋakiloi) ka ebei aŋikinyom aŋɨna-kilo (1 kg).

1 Eyakar ɛkɛtan ɛmanɨkɔr ŋolo ɛrai ŋɨɛkaɛ 2. Ɛrai epite ŋolo isitiyaere ŋikinyom ŋakiloi 15 aŋolo ɛka. Ɛrai ŋikinyom ŋadɔlaɛ $5 aŋɨna-kilo. Ŋɨai ŋikinyom iitanɨt iŋes akigyel? Ŋɨai ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋikinyom ($)?

2 Ɛrai ɛmanɨkɔr a ɛkɛtan ŋɨɛkaɛ 1.5 ha. Ŋɨai ŋikinyom iitanɨt iŋes akigyel ɛrai kɛrai epite ŋolo isitiyaere ŋakiloi 11 aŋolo ɛka? Ɛrai ŋikinyom ŋadɔlaɛ $7 olo ɛkaaŋ. Ŋɨai ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋikinyom ($)? 3 Ɛrai ɛmanɨkɔr a ɛkɛtan ŋɨɛkaɛ 4.33. Ɛrai epite ŋolo isitiyaere ŋikinyom ŋakiloi 12 aŋolo ɛka. Ɛrai ŋikinyom ŋadɔlaɛ $4 aŋɨna kilo. Ŋɨai ŋikinyom iitanɨt iŋes akigyel? Ŋɨai ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋikinyom ($)?

4 Eyakar ɛkɛtan ɛmanɨkɔr ŋolo ɛrai ŋɨɛkaɛ 0.25 ha. Ŋɨai ŋikinyom iitanɨt iŋes akigyel ɛrai kɛrai epite ŋolo isitiyaere ŋakiloi 12 aŋolo ɛkɨta? Ɛrai ŋikinyom ŋadɔlaɛ $6 aŋɨna kilo. Ŋɨai ebei aŋikinyom a ɛmanɨkɔr a ɛkɛtan?


18


Ebei aŋikinyom

Akɨmarʉn ɛpaɨda ŋolo 10%

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 7 – Akɨmarʉn ɛpaɨda – epite ŋolo ka1


Totamunite aloyunit aŋolo ka akɨrʉp ŋolo ɨmarunere epite ŋolo ɛrʉpya ibore %, ilocokinio % torata akɨlɨmakɨnɛt kori atyakatyakaɛt ka kirwanɨk ka ɛnamba ŋolo ɨcamɨt iyoŋ aryamʉn alo % ane ebe, ebei a ŋikinyom.

Ɛrai kɛcamito Tad ka Mim akɨtac, ɛtacete ŋikinyom $45, kɨmɔrɨk ka ɛpaɨda 10%. Eya ŋipitesyo ŋɨarei ŋulu epedoryoto ikes akɨmarʉnɨa ɛpaɨda: Epiten ŋolo ka 1: Ikotere toryamunere 10% ŋulu $45, kilocok 10% torata ŋakɨlɨmakɨnɛt idyo kirwanɨk 45. 10% ɛraunete ŋakɨlɨmakɨnɛt ɨkɔna 10/100 = 0.1 Aso 10% alu $45 = 0.1 x 45 = $4.50 Kɨmɔrɨk nai 10% lobei ŋolo ɛbɛɨt Tad ka Mim totaca ($45). Ɛrai nai ebei ŋolo ɛbɛɨt Tad ka Mim totaca ŋarwa ŋʉna ka akɨlɛm $49.50.

Ɛtacete Tad ka Mim ɛpaɨda ŋolo 10% ɛrai kɛcamito ikes akɨtac ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere.

1 Ɛmarʉ ɛkɛtan ebei aŋikinyom kɛŋ ɛrai $65. ɛmaɨkɨna iŋes totac ɛpaɨda 10% ɛrai kɛtac iŋes ɛkaku. Nyo ɛrai ebei a ɛpaɨda? Nyo ɛrai ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋikinyom ka ɛpaɨda kɛc 10%?

2 Ɛrauni ebei aŋikinyom aŋulu a ɛkɛtan $57 kɨmɔrɨk ka ɛpaɨda 10%. Nyo ɛrai ebei a ɛpaɨda t? Nyo

ɛrai ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋikinyom ka ɛpaɨda kɛc 10%?


19

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 8 – Akɨmarʉn ɛpaɨda – epite ŋolo a2



Epite ŋolo a 2: Ɛrai ɛkɨmar $45 ŋolo a ebei aŋolo esyaʉnan alotɔɔma100%. Totamunite ebe ɛrai ta pasɛnɨt ŋulu iriyan-pei ka ŋatyakatyakaɛta ŋʉna ka 100, ɨkwa 100% ɛrai 100/100. Aŋʉna emorikinere ɛpaɨda 10% ŋulu elimunit Uno ɛlalak ŋulu kɨrɛ iriyan ka 110% ŋulu sɛk ɛrai ebei ŋolo-ŋorot. Ebei ŋolo ɛtacete Tad ka Mim ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere ɛrai 45 x 110% Ikotere toryamunere 110% ŋulu $45, kilocok 110% torata ŋakɨlɨmakɨnɛt idyo kirwanɨk $45. 110% as a decimal is 1.1 Aso 110% ŋulu a $45 = 1.1 x $45 Epedoryo acɨcɨʉn lu: 1 x 45 kɨmɔrɨk 0.1 x 45 = 45 + 4.5 = 49.5

Aŋʉn ɛrai ebei ŋolo ɛtacete Tad ka Mim ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere ɛrai $49.50.

1 Erai ebei aŋɨkinyom a ɛkɛtan $75. Ɛrai ɛpaɨda 10%. Nyo ɛrai ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋikinyom ka ɛpaɨda kɛc 10%?





20


Ebei aŋikinyom

Akɨtac ŋikinyom ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 9 – Akɨtac ŋinyomen ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere



Akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt, ŋarwa ŋʉna ka akɨlɛm acepak nyepedori ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ a Tad ka Mim araakou aŋɨna-kilo $1.50. Ikotere toryamunere ebei a ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ aŋoloɛcamito ikes akɨtac kan ŋikinyom, ŋulu ɛrai ebei kɛc $49.50 (kaapei ka ɛpaɨda) totyak $49.50 ka $1.50. $49.50 ÷ $1.50 = 49 ½ ÷ 1 ½ Ipedori iyoŋ akɨtɔpatan ŋatyakatyakaɛta nʉ ka akirwanɨkɨn ikes daadaŋ ka 2. 49 ½ x 2 = 99 1 ½ x 2 = 3 49.5 ÷ 1.5 ɛtɔpatanɨ a 99 ÷ 3 = 33. Ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ ŋolo iitana totacere ebei ŋolo aŋikinyom aŋarwa aŋʉna ka akɨlɛm ($49.50) = 33 kg

Ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ lo, 33 kg, ŋolo iitana totacere ŋikinyom ɛlal kɨrɛ ŋarwa ŋaarei akɨlɔ ŋikinyom (15 kg).

Ɛrai ŋikinyom ŋulu itemokino Tad ka Mim togyela aŋɨna-kilo ŋarwa ŋʉna ɛyeere $3. Akɨlɔ akɨtac ŋikinyom ekwaŋ, epedoreteTad ka Mim akɨtac ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ ŋolo elemyo. Ani-ɛrai kɨrɛ, eryamunio ebei a ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ aŋolo elemyo ɛgɛlaana (acepak eyai-kwap) akɨlɔ ebei ŋolo aŋikinyom aŋulu ŋorok.

Ikotere toryamunere ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ ŋolo iitana kan ɛtacere elon, etyakakinio ebei aŋikinyom ka ebei a ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ ŋarwa ŋʉna ka akɨlɛm.

1 Ɛtamakɨnɨt ɛkɛtan ebe ɛrauni ɛkɛɛ-kɨdɨkɨdɨ $2 aŋɨna-kilo ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere. Ɛrauni ebei aŋakiloi aŋʉna 30 kg aŋʉna ɛcamɨt iŋes akigyel $55 kɨmɔrɨk ka ɛpaɨda 10% ŋulu ɛmaɨkɨna iŋes totac ŋarwa ŋʉna ka akɨlɛm. Etya ai ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ ŋolo iitani iŋes akigyel ɛrai ŋikinyom? Nyali epite ŋolo ikwaanatar ka ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛcamɨt iŋes akigyel?

2 Ɛcamɨt ɛkɛtan akisitiya $65 ŋulu aŋikinyom 18 kg. Ɛtaci iŋes ŋarwa ŋʉna ka akɨlɛm a ŋimomwa aso ɨyatakini iŋes 10%. Ɛraunete ŋimomwa kɛŋ $3 aŋɨna-kilo ŋarwa ŋʉna ka akɨlɛm. Etya ŋimomwa ŋulu ɛtaci iŋes ɛrai ŋikinyom ai?

3 Ɛcamɨt ɛkɛtan akɨtac ŋikinyom $70 ŋulu einete iŋes ŋikinyom 35 kg. Ɛraunete ŋimomwa kɛŋ $2 aŋɨna-kilo ŋarwa ŋʉna ka akɨlɛm. Etya ŋimomwa ŋulu ɛtaci iŋes ɛrai ŋikinyom ai? Nyali epite ŋolo ikwaanatar ka ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛcamɨt iŋes akigyel?


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Ebei aŋikinyom

Ebei ka apei-kine

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 10 – Ŋamee ŋaai iitana togyelaraɛ?



Ɛrai ebei aŋakiloi aŋʉna15 kg aŋikinyom aŋulu ɛcamitoTad ka Mim akigyel, ɛrai ŋadɔlaɛ $45. Ɛrai ebei ka apei-meot $60 alomakɛt aŋolo alore. Ɛdɛparito ŋakiloi ŋʉna ka apei–meot 15 kg ŋʉna aŋikinyom, aso epedorete Tad ka Mim agyelar apei-kine aryamʉn ŋɨsɨlɨŋa ŋulu idoŋete. Ɛbalanɨs, kori ŋɨsɨlɨŋa ŋulu idoŋyoto Tad ka Mim ɛrai $60 - $45 = $15.

1 Ɛcamɨt ɛkɛtan akigyel ŋakiloi 20 kg ŋʉna aŋikinyom aŋɨsɨlɨŋa $80. Ɛtaci iŋes ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere aŋimomwa ka iitana iŋes kɨyatak ɛpaɨda 10%. Ɛraunete ŋimomwa kɛŋ ŋɨsɨlɨŋa $5 aŋɨna-kilo ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere. Ŋimomwa ŋulu etya ai iitani iŋes atacya ŋikinyom? Eyakar iŋes ŋadi-mee ŋʉna epedori iŋes agyelar toreyamʉnɨa $40 aŋɨna-meot. Ŋaai ŋamee iitani iŋes agyelar?

2 Eyakar ɛkɛtan ɛmanɨkɔr ŋolo ɛrai ŋɨɛkaɛ 2. Eyakatar ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛcamɨt iŋes akigyel epite ŋolo ɛyekinere ŋakiloi 10 aŋolo ɛka ka ɛrai ebei $3 aŋɨna-kilo. Kɨmarʉ ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana iŋes agyelun ka ebei aŋikinyom alu ɛrai kɛtac iŋes ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere (kɨyatak ɛpaɨda 10% ɛrai kɛtacɨ ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere). Epedori iŋes akɨtac aŋimomwa, aŋulu ɛraunete $3 aŋɨna-kilo ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere. Ŋimomwa ŋulu etya ai iitani iŋes atacya ŋikinyom ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere? Ɛrai kegyelarɨt iŋes ŋadi-mee, ŋʉna edolete $60 aŋɨna-meot ka totacɨa tɔkɔna, ŋaai ŋamee iitani iŋes agyelar?

3 Eyakar ɛmanɨkɔr a ɛkɛtan ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 1.5 ha. Eyakatar ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛcamɨt iŋes akigyel epite ŋolo ɛyekinere ŋakiloi 11 kg/ha aŋolo ɛka ka ɛrai ebei $5 aŋɨna-kilo. Kɨmarʉ ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana iŋes agyelun ka ebei aŋikinyom alu ɛrai kɛtac iŋes ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere (kɨyatak ɛpaɨda 10% ɛrai kɛtacɨ ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere). Ɛtami iŋes ebe ɛtaci aŋimomwa, aŋulu ɛraunete $5 aŋɨna-kilo ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere. Ɛbɛɨt mɔnɔ iŋes togyela ŋadi-mee, ŋʉna edolete $40 aŋɨna-meot ka totac tɔkɔna a? Ŋaai ŋamee iitani iŋes agyelar?


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Uno How’s apamu ŋɨna a 7 … Akɨpɨmʉn etyae aŋasike ka ŋacoto

Ɛrɨkakin Uno How Farm Visit 7 – Toruco ŋaren Uno How Farm Visit 8


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Akɨpɨmakɨn etyae a ŋasike DAP ka ŋacoto

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 11– Akɨmarʉn etyae ka DAP ka ŋacoto ŋʉna iitana



Ɛrai ɛmanɨkɔr aTad ka Mim ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ1 ¼ ha kori 1.25 ha kori ŋɨɛkaɛ 3, iŋes atɛmar iitanete ikes ŋakiloi ŋʉna ɛdɛparito 100 kg aŋolo ɛka. EpedoreteTad ka Mim akɨmarʉn ɛkɛcɛɛ-DAP ka ŋacoto ŋʉna iitana isitiyao ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ kori ŋɨɛkaɛ.

Ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ: Epite ŋolo isitiyaere DAP kori ŋacoto ɛrai ŋakiloi 100 kg/ha aŋolo ɛkɨta.

Ɛrai DAP ka ŋacoto ŋʉna iitana 1.25 ha = 100 x 1.25 = 125 kg.

Ŋɨɛkaɛ: Epite ŋolo isitiyaere DAP kori ŋacoto ɛrai ŋakiloi 41 kg/acre aŋolo ɛka. Ɛrai DAP ka ŋacoto ŋʉna iitana aloɛkaɛ a 3 = 41 x 3 = 123 kg.

Ikotere akɨmarʉn neni etya DAP kori ŋacoto ŋʉna iitana kirwanɨk epite ŋolo isitiyaere ka etyae a ɛmanɨkɔr.

Epite ŋolo isitiyaere DAP (Diammonium Phosphate) ka ŋacoto ŋʉna abala ayɔŋ kisitiyata Tad ka Mim ɛrai ŋakiloi 100 kg/ha aŋolo ɛkɨta.

1 Eyakar ɛkɛtan ŋɨmanikorin ŋulu ɛrai ɛtɔtɔl aŋɨɛkaɛ 2.25. Ani kɛrai epite ŋolo isitiyaere ŋakiloi 100 kg/acres aŋolo ɛka etya ai DAP kori ŋacoto isitiyaɛ iŋes?

2 Eyakar ɛkɛtan ɛmanɨkɔr ŋolo ɛrai ɛtɔtɔl aŋɨɛkaɛ 0.5 ha. Etya ai DAP kori ŋacoto ŋʉna iitani iŋes ɛraɨ kɛrai epite ŋolo isitiyaere ikes ŋakiloi 80 aŋolo

ɛkɨta? 3 Ɛrai epite ŋolo isitiyaere DAP ka ŋacoto ŋakiloi 75 kg/acre aŋolo ɛka. Ɛrai ɛtɔtɔl a ɛmanɨkɔr a ɛkɛtan ŋɨɛkaɛ 3.5.

Etya ai DAP kori ŋacoto ŋʉna iitani iŋes?

4 Ɛrai ɛtɔtɔl a ɛmanɨkɔr a ɛkɛtan ŋɨɛkaɛ 2 ha. Ɛrai epite ŋolo isitiyaere 90 kg/ha.

Etya ai DAP kori ŋacoto ŋʉna iitani iŋes?


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Akɨpɨmakɨn etyae a ŋasike

Ebei a DAP ka ŋacoto

Ɛrai ebei a DAP ŋadɔlaɛ $475 aŋɨna-tan ka ɛrai ŋacoto ŋadɔlaɛ $310 aŋɨna-tan. Iitanito Tad ka Mim ŋakiloi 125 kg ŋʉna a DAP ka ŋakiloi 125 kg ŋʉna aŋacoto. Egyelanari Uno ŋasike ka ŋacoto 50 kg aŋɨna-depedep. Ikotere kɨmarunere ebei ka adepedep 50 kg, Ɨmarʉni Uno ebei ŋolo ka 1 kg aŋasike ka ŋacoto idyo nai kirwanɨkɨnaɛ ka 50.

Akɨmarʉn ebei a DAP Ɛtan 1 (1000 kg) ŋʉna DAP ɛra ebei $475. 1 kg = 475/1000 = $0.475. Aŋʉn 50 kg = $0.475 x 50. Ani-ɛrai 50 ɛrai anus ka 100, aryamʉn aboŋokinɛt, kirwanɨk ka 100 idyo nai totub aboŋokinɛt alokidiŋ. 0.475 x 100 = 47.5. 47.5 ÷ 2 = $23.75. Epedoryo akɨrɨʉn torata $24.

Aso ŋakiloi 50 ŋʉna a DAP ɛrai ebei $24 (ɛrɨŋa nyɨyatakɨna ebei ŋolo a edipot).

Akɨmarʉn ebei ŋolo aŋacoto Ɛrai ebei 1 ŋolo aŋacoto ŋadɔlaɛ $310. Ɛrai akilo 1 ŋɨna ŋacoto = 310/1000 = $0.31. Aŋʉn 50 kg ɛrai ebei kɛc $0.31 x 50. Ɨkwa ŋɨna sɛk, akɨmarʉn 50, kirwanɨk 100 idyo nai totub aboŋokinɛt alokidiŋ. 0.31 x 100 = 31 31 ÷ 2 = $15.50. Epedoryo akɨrɨʉn torata $16.

Aso ŋakiloi 50 ŋʉna aŋacoto ɛrai ebei kɛc $16 (ɛrɨŋa nyɨyatakɨna ebei ŋolo a edipot).


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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 12– Akɨmarʉn ebei aŋadepedepyo aŋʉna ka DAP ka ŋacoto ŋʉna iitana



Epedoryo ŋaboŋonokineta arɨpʉn anakɨtaapɨkɨnɛt Eyakasɨ ŋadepedepyo ŋatomoniarei, ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 epei-tan (1000 kg). Ŋʉna a DAP, $475 ɛyapikinito $480. Totyak 480 ka 20 = $24 aŋɨna-depedep ɛrai 50. Ɛyapikinito lu ŋulu sɛk adaʉn akɨmarʉn ($23.75). For Urea, $310 ɛyapikinito $320.

Totyak 320 ka 20 = $16 aŋɨna-depedep ɛrai 50. Ɛyapikinito lu ŋulu sɛk adaʉn akɨmarʉn ($15.50)

1 Iitanɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 250 ŋʉna a DAP ka ŋakiloi aŋacoto 250. Ɛrai ɛtan1 (ŋakiloi 1000) ŋʉna a DAP ebei $510. Ɛrai ɛtan1 ŋʉna aŋacoto ebei $300. Egyelanaryo ikes daadaŋ aŋakiloi 50. Ŋɨai ɛrauni adepedep apei ŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 ŋʉna a DAP? Ŋɨai ɛrauni adepedep apei ŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 ŋʉna aŋacoto?

2 Iitanɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 75 ŋʉna a DAP ka ŋakiloi aŋacoto 75. Ɛrai ɛtan1 (ŋakiloi 1000) ŋʉna a DAP ebei $450. Ɛrai ɛtan1 ŋolo aŋacoto ebei $280. Egyelanaryo ikes daadaŋ aŋakiloi 50. Ŋɨai ɛrauni adepedep apei ŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 ŋʉna a DAP? Ŋɨai ɛrauni adepedep apei ŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 ŋʉna aŋacoto? 3 Iitanɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 150 ŋʉna a DAP ka ŋakiloi aŋacoto 75. Ɛrai ɛtan1 (ŋakiloi 1000) ŋʉna a DAP ebei $500. Ɛrai ɛtan1 ŋolo aŋacoto ebei $250. Egyelanaryo ikes daadaŋ aŋakiloi 25. Ŋɨai ɛrauni adepedep apei ŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 25 ŋʉna a DAP? Ŋɨai ɛrauni adepedep apei ŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 25 ŋʉna aŋacoto?

4 Iitanɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 125 ŋʉna a DAP ka ŋakiloi aŋacoto 125. Ɛrai ɛtan1 (ŋakiloi 1000) ŋʉna a DAP ebei $430. Ɛrai ɛtan1 ŋolo aŋacoto ebei $250. Egyelanaryo ikes daadaŋ aŋakiloi 25. Ŋɨai ɛrauni adepedep apei ŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 25 ŋʉna a DAP? Ŋɨai ɛrauni adepedep apei ŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 25 ŋʉna aŋacoto?


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Ebei ŋolo eryamunere ka ŋolo ipotorere

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 13 – Alɛmʉn ka akɨpɔtɔr

Note down the answers and check your answers here/on page x



Ebei a DAP kaapei ka 10% ŋulu ipotorere. Ɛrai DAP ŋadɔlaɛ $24 aŋɨna-kilo 50 kɨmɔrɨk 10% ŋulu ipotorere. Akɨmarʉn 10% ŋulu $24 = 24/10 = $2.40 Ebei a DAP kaapei ka ebei ŋolo ipotorere = $24 + $2.40 = $26.40, ŋulu epedoryo akɨrɨʉn torata $27. Ebei aŋacoto kaapei ka 10% ŋulu ipotorere. Akɨmarʉn 10% ŋulu $16 = 16/10 = $1.60

Ebei aŋacoto kaapei ka ebei ŋolo ipototrere = $16 + $1.6 = $17.60, ŋulu epedoryo akɨrɨʉn torata $18.

Ɛrai DAP ebei $27 aŋɨna-depedep aŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50.

Ɛrai ŋacoto ebei $18 aŋɨna-depedep aŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50.

Totamunite ebe ikotere kɨmarunere % a idyo-bore, ilocokinio % toraʉ akɨlɨmakɨnɛt kori atyakatyakaɛt ka kirwanɨk a ebei aŋolo ɨcamɨt iyoŋ aryamʉn ɛpasɛnɨt kɛŋ.

Akɨmarʉn10% a idyo-bore irwanikinio ebei 10/100 kori 0.10. Kirwanɨkɨnaɛ ka 0.10 ikwaan ka akityak ka 10, kaapatanu etyakyo ebei a 10 toryamunere 10% ŋulu ipotorere.

Eyai ebei ɛrai 10% aŋolo-bei a ɛdap DAP ka ŋacoto ŋʉna eryamunio alodipot, idyo

kɨpɔtɔkɨnaɛ Tad ka Mim.

1 Ɛrai DAP iebei $65 aŋɨna-depedep ɛrai ŋakiloi 50. Ɛrai ŋacoto $33 aŋɨna-depedep aŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50. Ŋɨai ebei aŋʉna-sike kori aŋacoto alotɔɔma10% ebei ŋolo ipotorere?

2 Ɛrai adepedep ŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 ŋʉna a DAP ebei $83. Ɛrai ŋacoto $42 aŋɨna-depedep aŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50. Ŋɨai ebei aŋʉna-sike kori aŋacoto alotɔɔma 8% ebei ŋolo ipotorere?

3 Ɛrai DAP ebei $62 aŋɨna-depedep ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 ŋʉna aŋacoto. Ɛrai ŋacoto $36 aŋɨna-depedep. Ŋɨai ebei aŋʉna-sike kori aŋacoto alotɔɔma 5% ebei ŋolo ipotorere?


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Ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo a ŋɨsɨlɨŋa aŋulu aŋasike ka ŋacoto ka ŋulu epotorere daŋ

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 14 – Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋasike ka ŋacoto



Ŋaai ŋadepedepyo a DAP iitanito ikes? Iitanito Tad ka Mim ŋakiloi 125 ŋʉna a DAP. 125/50 = 2.5 Iitanito ikes ŋadepedepyo 2.5 ŋʉna a DAP ŋʉna ɛrai apei ebei $27. Epedoryo akirwan aŋatutubɛta: $27 x 2 kɨmɔrɨk $27 x 0.5 = $54 + $13.50 = $67.50 Ebei aŋadepedepyo 2 ½ aŋʉna a DAP kaapei ka ebei ŋolo eryamunere ka ŋolo ipotorere = $67.50 Ŋaai ŋadepedepyo ŋʉna aŋacoto iitanito ikes? Ɨkwa ŋɨna iitanitotor ikes ŋakiloi 125 ŋʉna aŋacoto, iitanete daŋ ŋadepedepyo 2.5. Ebei aŋacoto = $18 x 2.5 Kirwanɨk aŋatutubɛta: $18 x 2 kɨmɔrɨk $18 x 0.5 = $36 + $9 = $45 Ebei aŋadepedepyo 2 ½ aŋʉna aŋacoto kaapei ka ŋulu eryamunere ka ŋulu ipotorere= $45

Ɛtɔtɔl aŋasike ka ŋacoto ŋʉna iitanito Tad ka Mim (ɛrai aŋɨna-kilo 125) = $67.50 + $45 = $112.50

Tɔkɔna itiyaete Tad ka Mim ŋadepedepyo ŋʉna iitanito ikes, kaapei ka ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo a ebei aŋolo aŋasike ka ŋacoto. Ɛrai nai DAP ebei $27 aŋɨna-depedep aŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50, kaapei ka ebei ŋolo ipotorere. Ɛrai nai ŋacoto ebei $18 aŋɨna-depedep aŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50, kaapei ka ebei ŋolo ipotorere.

1 Ɛcamɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 175 ŋʉna aŋasike ka ŋacoto a DAP. Ɛrai apei-depedep ŋɨna a ŋakiloi 50 ebei $35 (kaapei ka ŋulu ipotorere). Ŋaai ŋadepedepyo ŋʉna 50 iitani ɛkɛtan ka ŋɨai ebei aŋadepedepyo aŋʉna aŋasike ka ŋacoto?

2 Ɛcamɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 225 ŋʉna aŋacoto. Ɛrai apei-depedep ŋɨna aŋakiloi 50 ebei $16 (kaapei ka ŋulu ipotorere). Ŋaai ŋadepedepyo ŋʉna 50 iitani ɛkɛtan ka ŋɨai ebei aŋadepedepyo aŋʉna aŋasike ka ŋacoto?

3 Ɛcamɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 175 ŋʉna aŋasike ka ŋacoto a DAP ka 75 ŋʉna aŋacoto. Ɛrai apei-depedep ŋɨna a ŋakiloi 50 ebei $40 (pa iwaakɨnɨtaɛ ŋulu ipotorere). Ɛrai apei-depedep ŋɨna aŋacoto 50 ebei $15 (pa iwaakɨnɨtaɛ ŋulu ipotorere). Ŋaai ŋadepedepyo ŋʉna 50 ŋʉna a DAP iitani ɛkɛtan? Ŋaai ŋadepedepyo ŋʉna 50 ŋʉna aŋacoto? Ŋɨai ebei aŋadepedepyo aŋʉna aŋasike ka ŋacoto?


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Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋolo aŋasike ka ŋacoto aŋulu eya nadepedepyo ŋauni ŋʉna aŋakiloi 50


Ɛnamba aŋamee aŋʉna iitana togyelaraɛ ikotere totacere ŋasike ka ŋacoto

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 15 – Ŋamee ŋaai iitana agyelaro ataca ŋasike ka ŋacoto?



Iitanito Tad ka Mim akɨlɛlɛb adyo-depedep ŋɨna aŋasike ka ŋacoto toraʉ ŋɨna ɨlɛlɛba.

Agyelanari ayɔŋ adepedep daadaŋ ŋɨna aŋakiloi

50. Iŋes atɛmar eoi ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋasike ka ŋacoto a Tad ka Mim akɨlɔ ŋɨna sɛk iitanitotor ikes.

Iitanito Tad ka Mim ŋadepedepyo 2.5 ŋʉna aŋasike, ɨŋes atɛmar iitanioi ikes ŋadepedepyo 3. Ŋadepedepyo 3 aŋɨna DAP = $27 x 3 = $81 Ŋadepedepyo 3 ŋʉna aŋacoto = $18 x 3 = $54

Iŋes atɛmar ɛrai ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo aŋadepedepyo 3 (aŋɨna-depedep ŋakiloi 50) ŋʉna DAP ka aŋadepedepyo 3 (aŋɨna-depedep ŋakiloi 50) ŋʉna aŋacoto $135.

Iitanito Tad ka Mim ŋadɔlaɛ $135 atacɨa ŋasike ka ŋacoto. Ɛrai kegyelasi ikes apei-kine ŋadɔlaɛ $60, eyakaunotor ikes ŋadɔlaɛ $120. Aŋʉn ɛmaɨkɨna ikes togyelasɨ ŋamee ŋauni, ŋʉna ɛɨnakinete ikes ŋadɔlaɛ $180 (60 x 3), mati nabo keryamʉt ikes ece-rot. Topedosi agyelar ŋakinei ŋaarei toryamʉnɨata ŋadɔlaɛ $120 idyo totacata ŋadɔlaɛ $15, kori epedorete agyelar ŋulu alalak.

1 Iitanɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 125 ŋʉna a DAP. Ŋaai ŋadepedepyo ŋʉna aŋakiloi aŋʉna a 50 iitani iŋes

akigyel? Nyo ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo a ebei ɛrai kɛrai ŋadɔlaɛ $32 aŋɨna-depedep aŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi kɛŋ 50 (kɨmɔrɨk ŋulu ipotorere 10%)? Ŋakinei ŋaai epedorete ikes agyelar ɛrai kɛrai apei-meot ŋadɔlaɛ $52?

2 Iitanɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 675 ŋʉna aŋacoto. Ŋaai ŋadepedepyo ŋʉna aŋakiloi aŋʉna a 50 iitani iŋes akigyel? Nyo ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo a ebei ɛrai kɛrai ŋadɔlaɛ $43 aŋɨna-depedep aŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi kɛŋ 50 (kɨmɔrɨk ŋulu ipotorere 10%)? Ŋakinei ŋaai epedorete ikes agyelar ɛrai kɛrai apei-meot ŋadɔlaɛ $60?

3 Iitanɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 300 ŋʉna a DAP ka ŋakiloi 290 ŋʉna aŋacoto. Ŋaai ŋadepedepyo ŋʉna aŋakiloi aŋʉna a 50 iitani iŋes akigyel? Ɛrai DAP ŋadɔlaɛ $38 aŋɨna-depedep aŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50. Ɛrai ŋacoto ŋadɔlaɛ $18 aŋɨna-depedep aŋɨna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50. Nyo ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo a ebei aŋasike ka ŋacoto aŋɨna-depedep (kɨmɔrɨk ŋulu ipotorere 10%)? Ŋakinei ŋaai epedorete ikes agyelar ɛrai kɛrai apei-meot ŋadɔlaɛ $50?


29



Ŋasike ka ŋacoto ŋʉna alalak

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 16 – Akɨmarʉn ka akiwaakɨn ebei aŋamʉja



Ɛmaɨkɨna Tad ka Mim togyelasɨ ŋadepedepyo 3 ŋʉna a DAP ka ŋadepedepyo 3 ŋʉna aŋacoto. Iitanito ikes ŋakiloi 125 bon aŋɨna-depedep.

Eryamunete ikes ŋakiloi 25 ŋʉna a DAP (ŋakiloi150 -125) ka ŋakiloi 25 ŋʉna aŋacoto (ŋakiloi150 - 125) ŋʉna idoŋete nyiitanito ikes.

Egyeli ɛkɨdʉnyɛt kɛc Iyro ŋʉna idoŋete. Ŋɨai ɛmaɨkɨna togyelarere?

Ɛrai ŋakiloi 25 anus ka adepedep, aso etubyo ebei ŋolo ataca ikes ikotere adepedep ŋɨna aŋakiloi a 50.

Aso ikotere DAP, ɛrauni ebei aŋakiloi 25 ɛrauni $27 ÷ 2 = $13.50.

Ikotere ŋacoto, ɛrauni ebei aŋakiloi 25 ɛrauni $18 ÷ 2 = $9.

Aŋʉn ebei aŋakiloi 25 aŋʉna a DAP ka ŋakiloi 25 ŋʉna aŋacoto ɛrai $22.50, Ŋŋʉna abu Mim kɨrɨʉ torata $23 ɨkwa ŋɨna nyɛcamitor iŋes acakar ŋidi-sɨlɨŋa.

Iŋes atɛmar ɛmaɨkɨna Tad ka Mim togyelasɨ ŋamee 2 toryamʉnɨata ŋadɔlaɛ $120. Ŋɨsɨlɨŋa ŋulu a Iyro ŋulu eyakatar ikes ɛrai $143 ŋulu ɛlalak akɨlɔ ŋasike ka ŋacoto.

1 Iitanɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 175 ŋʉna a DAP. Egyelanaryo DAP aŋakiloi 50 ŋʉna ɛrai apei ŋadɔlaɛ $42 (kaapei ka ŋulu ipotorere). Ŋaai ŋakiloi ŋʉna aŋadepedepyo 50 iitani iŋes agyelun? Akɨmʉj ŋɨna etya ai eyakaunor iŋes? Ŋɨai ebei iwaakini iŋes ikotere egyelya ece-kɛtan?

2 Iitanɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 420 ŋʉna aŋacoto. Itogyelakini iŋes ice aŋakiloi 50 ŋʉna ɛrai apei-depedep ŋadɔlaɛ $25 (kaapei ka ŋulu ipotorere). Ŋaai ŋakiloi ŋʉna aŋadepedepyo 50 iitani iŋes agyelun? Akɨmʉj ŋɨna etya ai eyakaunor iŋes? Ŋɨai ebei iwaakini iŋes ikotere egyelya ece-kɛtan?

3 Iitanɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 310 ŋʉna a DAP ka ŋakiloi 275 ŋʉna aŋacoto. Itogyelakinio iŋes aŋakiloi 50

ŋʉna ɛrai apei-depedep ŋadɔlaɛ $20 (kaapei ka ŋulu ipotorere), ɛrai DAP ŋadɔlaɛ $35 aŋɨna-depedep ka ŋacoto $20 aŋɨna-depedep. Ŋaai ŋakiloi ŋʉna aŋadepedepyo 50 iitani iŋes agyelun? Akɨmʉj ŋɨna etya ai eyakaunor iŋes? Ŋɨai ebei iwaakini iŋes ikotere egyelya ece-kɛtan?


30

Uno How’s apamu ŋɨna a 8 …… Ŋiboro ŋulu ɨcwaɨcwaere


31


Akɨmarʉn ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo iitana

Epite ŋolo ɛnyamitere


Eya ŋiboreborei jwɨjwɨ tɔɔma lokinyom – ɛtakanete ŋice, ŋice-boreborei iŋolikinio ŋikinyom ŋulu ɛnyamito ikes bon. Epedory abʉkɨn ŋiboreborei aŋipitesyo aŋulu ka akɨtarɛ aŋulu ɛgɛlɛg. Ŋipitesyo ŋulu ajɔkak, ɨkwa akisirim akɨtarɛ ŋikinyom, epedorete abʉkɨn ŋiboreborei nyɛlalakʉʉt alomanɨkɔr ka nyɛtakanʉʉt ŋidekesyo daŋ. Ɛrai kɛlalakʉʉt ŋiboreborei, ipedori iyoŋ abʉkɨn ikes ka ɛkɨtɔɛ. Ɛrai rɨka ŋolo epite ŋolo atyonon, aso iitana iyoŋ tocamak ɛrai kɨyatakɨna ŋiboreborei ikotere toduwok ɛkɨtɔɛ. Ɛnyarɨtaɛ epite ŋolo ebe threshold level. Ɛgɛlɛgɛlana epite ŋolo a threshold levels aloboreborei aŋulu-gɛlɛgɛla ka alokinyom aŋulu-gɛlɛgɛla, ka nabo ŋibeyo ka neni etya ŋikinyom erupito, nait ŋʉna akɨrɛ ɛrai apedor a ɛkɛtan ŋɨna eryamʉnɨa iŋes ɛkɨtɔɛ ka ŋiboro ŋulu ɨcwaɨcwaere, ka daŋ apak ŋɨna aya iŋes eyenikinit ŋikinyom kɛŋ. Epedorete ŋɨcan ŋulu aŋiboreborei akɨyatakin atipei – aŋʉn, ɛjɔk atamunit paka ebe toripikinitetei ɛmanɨkɔr ɛrai keya ŋiboreborei (ɛnyarɨtaɛ ŋɨn ebe “amɨja ŋiboreborei”) ikotere topedorere akitiyakɨn ŋadi, ɛrɨŋa ŋatyokisyo ŋʉna aŋiboreborei nyɨyatakɨna. Ɨkwa ŋɨna iripikinitor iyoŋ ɛmanɨkɔr daadŋ ɛjɔk, Ɛmaɨkɨna iyoŋ kɨŋɔlɨk ɛjɔk ŋakidiŋon ŋʉna eripikinio, ebe ŋakidiŋon ŋʉna-rɨpɨkɨna. Ikilimokinit iyoŋ ɛwaɛ ŋolo-ce epite ŋolo ɨrɨpɨkɨnɨa iyoŋ ɛmanɨkɔr kon, ikotere toryamunere epite ŋolo ɛnyamitotor ŋiboreborei ŋikinyom kon.

Eya sɛk ŋiboreborei lokinyom ŋulu ɨkɨtaenene ɨwɔn – Nyɛrɔkɔ ŋulu alalak alokinyom (ɨŋaranakinete ikes ŋikinyom aŋʉna ɛnyamɨata ikes ŋiboreborei ŋice),

nait ɛrɔkɔ kɨrɛ ŋice-boreborei anɛrai ɛnyamete ikesŋikinyom alomanɨkɔr ka isipiyonorete ŋikinyom apolore ka akonore ɛjɔk. Ɛyaunito nai ŋiboreborei ŋul tar ŋidekesyo aŋikinyom ŋulu ɛmʉnaanarete

ŋikinyom.


32


Akɨmarʉn ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo iitana Ŋakidiŋon ŋʉna-rɨpikɨna


Ŋɨkɨsɨla ŋulu ajɔkak ɛrai alosit “W” alomanɨkɔr, arɨpɨkɨn alokinyom aŋulu eya nawaɛ ka kidiŋ ɛmanɨkɔr. Ŋakidiŋon ŋʉna ɛmaɨkɨna kiriyan anaoyau kɛc. Ɛmaɨkɨna aŋʉna-kidiŋon toyakatar ŋɨkɨtɔ ŋulu ɛgɛlɛgɛla – Totamʉnɨtɛ ebe toripikinite ɛnamba ŋolo aŋikinyom aŋɨna-rɨpɨkɨnɛt.

Ibooiyete ŋiboreborei ŋulu-gɛlɛgɛla anakidiŋon aŋʉna ɛgɛlɛgɛlaaka alokɨtɔ (kori tar analup), aŋʉn iitana iyoŋ toripikinite ɛjɔk ɛkɨtɔɛ (ŋɨna-pei alokidyaama tar kwap), ka daŋ ŋalup alokwap ɛkɨtɔɛ. Kɨmarak ɛnamba aŋiboreborei aŋulu ɨŋɔlɨk iyoŋ ka kɨgɨrak ɛnamba ŋolo kwap aŋɨna rɨpɨkɨnɛt. Ŋɨnapei ɨmarakini iyoŋ ŋiboreborei anakidiŋon aŋʉna ɨrɨpyanakini iyoŋ, iitana iyoŋ ɨyaʉ kaapei ɛkɨmar ŋol ikoter kitiyaʉ iyoŋ ŋʉna alokidiŋ (kori atutubɛt) Ɛnamba aŋiboreborei aŋɨna-kidiŋ ɛrɨpɨkɨna.

Ɨkɰa ŋɨmanikorin ŋulu ekidyoko akɨlɔ ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ

2, ɛmaɨkɨna toyakar ŋakidiŋon 5 kori 10 ŋʉna-

gɛlɛgɛla.


33



Ŋʉna alokidiŋ

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 17 – Akɨmarʉn ŋʉna alokidiŋ



Ɛrai ŋʉna alokidiŋ (ŋʉna daŋ ɛnyarɨpaɛ atutubet) ŋʉna itoodiʉnito atukot aŋɨnambaɛ kori ka adata.

Epedoryo akɨmarʉn ŋʉna alokidiŋ anatukot aŋɨnambaɛ. Ikotere-kɨmarunere ŋʉna alokidiŋ, kɨmɔrɨk mɔnɔ ŋɨnambaɛ daadaŋ anatukot kon aŋɨna aŋɨnambaɛ ka totyak a ɛnamba aŋolo iyakar iyoŋ.

Arɨpɨkɨs Tad ka Mim ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ kɛc ɛsakete ŋiboreborei anakidiŋon 5 aŋʉna gɛlɛgɛla: Abu Tad torɨpɨk ŋɨwaetin 3 ka abu Mim torɨpɨk 2.

Abu Tad torʉkaʉ ŋikuteleko 10, 17 ka 20 alotɔɔma ŋɨkɨtɔ aŋɨkɨdɨkɨdɨ 20 ŋulu arɨpɨkɨnɨt iŋes alotɔɔma ŋarɨpɨkɨnɛt 3.

Abu Mim torʉkaʉ ŋikuteleko 9 ka 19 alotɔɔma ŋɨkɨtɔ aŋɨkɨdɨkɨdɨ 20 ŋulu arɨpɨkɨnɨt iŋes alotɔɔma ŋarɨpɨkɨnɛt 2.

Aŋʉn, ikotere ŋarɨpɨkɨnɛt kɛŋ daadaŋ, iryamuni iyoŋ ŋatuke 5 nʉ: 10, 17, 20, 9, 19

Ani imorikinio kaapei = 10 + 17 + 20 + 9 + 19 = 75 ŋikuteleko.

Ikotere toryamunere ŋatutubɛta aŋɨnambaɛ alu totyak 75 a 5 = 75 / 5 = 15

Iŋes atɛmar ebe ŋikuteleko ŋulu alokidiŋ 15 apɔnɨ toryamʉnaɛ aŋɨna-tukot ɛrai ŋɨkɨdɨkɨdɨ 20.

Elimokinit Uno, Tad ebe ipwororit a threshold level – iŋes atɛmar, ŋikuteleko 15 ŋulu aya narɨpɨkɨnɛta ŋʉna aŋɨkɨtɔ a 20 itemokino acamakɨn ebe kɨcwaɨcwakɨnaɛ ɛkɨtɔɛ.

1 Arɨpɨkɨn ŋɨkɨtɔ 10 alowaetin 6 alomanɨkɔr, abu nait ɛkɛtan toryamʉ ŋɨnambaɛ lu ŋulu aŋiboreborei: 7, 9, 5, 9, 10, 8. Kɨmarʉ ɛnamba ŋolo alokidiŋ ŋolo aŋiborebore aŋulu eyakasɨ narɨpɨkɨnɛt apei.

Ɛbala ɛdakɨtar ebe ɛmaɨkɨna kɨcwaɨcwaɛ aŋɨna threshold level aŋɨna ɛrai ŋiboreborei 10 aŋolo-kɨtɔɛ 10. Ɛmaɨkɨna ɛkɛtan kɨcwaɨca kori mam?

2 Abʉ ɛkɛtan toryamʉ ɛnamba ŋolo aŋiboreborei alotɔɔma ŋakaidei 8, alotɔɔma ŋɨkɨtɔ 5 abu

toryamʉ: 10, 18, 12, 21, 19, 15, 17, 20. Nyo ɛrai ɛnamba ŋolo alokidiŋ ŋolo aŋiboreborei aŋulu eyakasɨ narɨpɨkɨnɛt apei? Eyeni iŋes ebe ɛmaɨkɨna kɨcwaɨcwaɛ a threshold level ŋolo aŋiboreborei 3 alotɔɔma ɛkɨtɔɛ epei. Ɛmaɨkɨna iŋes kɨcwaɨca a?

3 Toryamʉ ŋʉna alokidiŋ ŋʉna aŋadataɛ anʉ: a) 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 4 b) 27, 30, 28, 35 c) 17, 18, 9, 16, 14, 17, 20, 13


34


Akɨmarʉn ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo iitana Akɨcwaɨcwa


Akɨcwaɨcwaɛt ka ŋakɨcwaɨcwaɛta ŋʉna-gɛlɛgɛlaɛ

Ata keya ŋɨkɨtɔ ŋulu-gɛlɛgɛla ɨkwa, abisaɨd ka paŋisaɨd, epedori ɛkɛtan asɛʉn ŋolo ɛcamɨt iŋes aryamʉn alocukyo ka alodipotyo aŋulu egyelanarere.

Epite ŋolo eseunere ɛkɨtɔɛ ɛtʉpɨt atyonis aŋiboreborei, aŋikinyom, epite ŋolo epolounitotor, ɛmakɛt ka ŋiboro ŋulu ɨcwaɨcwaya ɛkɛtan.

Eponeneete ŋɨkɨtɔ alopitesyo aŋulu ɛgɛlɛgɛla (aŋipomulaɛ), iŋes atɛmar iitanito asʉbanakɨn ka akiwaanakɨn alopitesyo aŋulu ɛgɛlɛgɛla. Ŋɨkɨtɔ ŋice iwaanakinio ɛrai ŋakirya kori ɛpʉrɨpʉr nait, nooi ɛlal ɛrai akiwaanakɨn ɛrai akɨcwaɨcwa.

Ɛsʉnanakinio ŋɨkɨtɔ ŋulu ɨcwaɨcwayo lu anakinyal edikilam a ɛkɨtɔɛ ka ŋakipi ŋʉna itemokino, toraʉ ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ɨcwaɨcwayo.

Ani iwaakinio edyo-kɨtɔɛ, ɛbɛɨt mɔnɔ tosɛʉnaɛ ŋiboro ŋulu a etic.

Anapamuo aŋʉna cicik, ɛmɨnaɛ akisitiya akɨcwaɨcwaya ŋikinyom ɛrai akɨcwaɨcwaɛt ŋɨna ɛrai knapsack. Eponeneete ata Knapsack aŋɨsaiso – ɛgɛlɛgɛlaaka ŋɨtaŋikyo kɛc etya (kori ɛrapus). Epol nooi ayenut etyae kɛc.


35



Epite ŋolo isitiyaere ɛkɨtɔɛ Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 18 – Akitiyaʉn neni etya ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo isitiyao aŋolo-yunit-erya



Ŋɨna-pei jɨk ɨsɛʉnɨa iyoŋ ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo isitiyaɛ, iitani akɨmarʉn etyae a ɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo iwaakini lokinyom kon. Eyakar ŋolo-kɨtɔɛ, ŋolo-abisaɨd ka ŋolo-paŋisaɨd ekee-pite ŋolo iitanitere kiwaakɨnaɛ aŋolo-kinyomit, ka rɨka nabo kiteetei neni etya ŋikinyom erupito.

Eyakasɨ ŋakɨgɨrɛta nakɛjʉ a ecupa (kori ka apakɛt, ɛrai kɛrai ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋakirya kori ɛpʉrɨpʉr).

Neni etya ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo iwaakinio aŋolo-yunit aloerya

Ɛpatana, ɨtɔɔcɨʉnɨtaɛ epite ŋolo iwaakinere ɛrai ɛkɨtɔɛ neni etya alotɔɔma eyunit aŋolo erya. Acepak ɛrauni elita aŋolo-ɛkɨta (l/ha) akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt.

Eyakatar ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ɛcamito Tad ka Mim akisitiya eyakatar epite ŋolo iwakinere ɛrai elita1 aŋolo-ɛkɨta.

Totamunite ebe:

1 litre = ŋɨmɨlya 1000 (ml) ka ɛkɨta 1 = 10000 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa -mita (m2).

Aŋʉn, ikwaan elita 1 aŋolo-ɛkɨta ka ŋɨmɨlɨa 1000 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita 10000 m2.

Ani-ɛrai 10000 m2 aloɛkɨta, etyakyo 1000 ml ka 10000 akitiyaʉnɨa epite ŋolo iwaakinere alomililitaɛ aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita:

1000ml/10000 = 0.1 ml/m2

Aŋʉn, ɛrai epite ŋolo Iwakinere elita 1 aŋolo-ɛkɨta ikwaan ka 0.1 ml/m2.

1 Isitiyaɛ ɛkɛta ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ebala kisitiaete ŋiliotaɛ 0.5 aŋolo-ɛkɨta. Nyo iŋes aŋimililitaɛ aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa mita m2? Ɛrai kɛrai ɛkɛmanɨkɔr ŋɨɛkaɛ 0.75 ha, etya ai ɛkɨtɔɛ daadaŋ ŋolo iitani iŋes?

2 Iitanɨt ɛkɛtan akɨcwaɨcwa alopite aŋolo iwaakinere ɛrai ŋilitaɛ 0.2 aŋolo-ɛkɨta. Eyeni iŋes atɛmar ɛrai ɛmanɨkɔr kɛŋ ŋɨɛkaɛ 0.5. Ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo etya ai iitani iŋes?


36


Akɨmarʉn ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo iitana Akicul ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo idikit

Epite ŋolo iwaakinere ɛkɨtɔɛ elita 1 aŋolo-ɛkɨta= 0.1 ml/m2. Ee robo, anɛrai nyepedor akiwaakɨn

ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ɛdɨt lokinyom ŋulu alalak ɨkɔna. Aŋʉn, ɨkwa ŋɨna ɛraakar ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo “egogoŋ” (idikit) iitana toculoi aŋakipi mɔnɔ. Iŋes atɛmar akicul. Ŋɨna-pei eculere aŋakipi ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo idikit ɛrauni ŋolo ɨcwaɨcwayo.

Ani ɛsʉbanakinio ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ɨcwaɨcwayo, iitana totamunitetei ebe kinyalaɛ ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo itemokino aŋakipi aŋʉna iyookino – iŋes atɛmar, ɛmaɨkɨna toculitetei ɛjɔk. Iwakɨnɨtaɛ epite ŋolo eculere ɛkɨtɔɛ kwap ecupanai epedoryo akɨdɔdɨʉn alopitesyo aŋulu ɛgɛlɛgɛla: ŋʉna eculere; epite ŋolo eculere ka etyae ŋolo ka aculet.

Ŋʉna eculere

Epedori akɨtatam ŋɨna ka akicul ayakaunor ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo-culot (apotis ŋɨna a ɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo ɛrai ŋakirya) aŋakipi aŋʉna iitana. Iŋes ebookoi ŋʉna eculere.

Ani isitiyao akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt ŋɨna alokidyaama ŋɨn, epedorete ŋakɨcɨkɛta ŋʉna eculere ɛkɨtɔɛ atɛmar ebe kisitiya ŋimililitaɛ 100 (ŋilitaɛ 0.1) ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ tɔɔma ɛtaŋɨk kon, idyo kɨyatak ŋakipi todol ŋilitaɛ 10 ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo eculitoi. Epedoryo akiwaakɨn ɛkɨtɔɛ lo nalup ŋʉna edolito ŋasɨkwɛa-mitaɛ 1000.

Anakityak alalau a ɛkɨtɔɛ ka ŋalup ŋʉna eya = 100ml/1000m2 = 0.1 ml/m2, ikiŋolikini ɨwɔn ebe iriyan epite ŋolo iwaakinere ka ŋolo adaʉn ɨwɔn aanyʉn, nait ikilimokinito daŋ ŋakɨgɨr ŋʉna eya locupa epite ŋolo eculere ɛkɨtɔɛ.

Epedoryo akɨtɔɔdɨʉn ŋʉna alokidyaama ɛrai ŋʉna eculere 0.1 torata 10 kori, tolɛmaraɛ akɨlɨmakɨnɛt toraʉ 1 ka 100. Epedoryo daŋ akɨdɔđɨʉn ɛrai1 “agerosit” ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo inyalɨtaɛ ɛrai 99 “ŋatutubɛta” ŋʉna aŋakipi toraʉt 100 “ŋatutubɛta” ŋʉna a ɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo eculul.

Ani ɨgɨrɨr ŋʉna eculere ɛkɨtɔɛ ɨkɔna, ikitopedori iyoŋ akitiyaʉn ɛkɨtɔɛ ka ŋakipi ŋʉna inyalere alotaŋɨkya aŋulu ɛgɛlɛgɛla.

Akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt: Iyakar iyoŋ ɛtaŋɨk ŋolo aŋilitaɛ 20 ka isitiyaɛ ŋʉna eculere ɛkɨtɔɛ1 toraʉ 100. 1/100th alotaŋɨk kon iitana min ɛkɨtɔɛ ka neni-ce torai ŋakipi. Akitiyaʉn ŋʉna ɛrai 1 “atutubɛt” alotɔɔma ŋilitaɛ 20 alotaŋɨk: ŋilitaɛ 20 ÷ 100 = 0.2 ŋilitaɛ a ɛkɨtɔɛ. Aŋʉn, iwaakini iyoŋ ŋilitaɛ a ɛkɨtɔɛ 0.2 tɔɔma lotaŋɨk idyo kɨlɛlɛb neni-ce aŋakipi (20-0.2 = 19.8 ŋilitaɛ aŋakipi). TOYENI: Ŋʉna eculere epedoryo akɨsimuryakɨn ka etyae ŋolo ka aculet (toanyʉ alokwap ane), anɛrai epedoryo akisitiya epei-macar – nait nyiriyan! Akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt, ŋʉna eculere 1:10 ɛrai ebe ɛkɨtɔɛ1 ŋolo itodolyo 10, aŋʉna ɨyatakinere ŋakipi 9. Nai epite ŋolo aŋʉna eculere 1:10 ɛbala ebe ɛkɨtɔɛ 1 iwaakinio tɔɔma10. Ɛbɛɨt iyoŋ totamunite jɨk epite ŋolo isitiyaere ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo-saa daadaŋ itupitor iyoŋ ŋakɨcɨkɛt ŋʉna eya locupa ŋolo a ɛkɨtɔɛ kon. Ɛpasɛnɨt ŋolo eculere Alotɔɔma Uno How Visit 5 (ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋolo-ɛka), ibu iyoŋ toanyʉ ebe (%) neni etya ibore alotɔɔma 100. Etyae ŋolo ka aculet iwaakinio ɛrai ɛpasɛnɨt ɨkɨgaŋete iyoŋ ŋʉna aɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo ɛbɛɨt iyoŋ kisitiya alotɔtɔl aŋolo a ɛkɨtɔɛ. Ɨkwa ŋʉna eculere, ɨkɨcamakini iyoŋ ɛpasɛnɨt ŋolo ka akicul akitiyaʉn ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo itemokin ŋɨtaŋikyo ŋulu ɨcwaɨcwaere.


37

Ɛtɛsɨs Atipei 19 – Epite ŋolo eculere, ɛoasɛnɨt ka ereco



1 Ɨgɨrɨr epite ŋolo isitiyaere ɛkɨtɔɛ ebe toculoi 1%. Ɛrai ɛtaŋɨk kon ŋolo ɨcwaɨcwaere ŋilitaɛ 15. Ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo etya ai ka ŋakipi iitana kɨyatakɨnaɛ lotaŋɨk ikotere toryamunere ɛpasɛnɨt ŋolo eculere?

2 Ɨgɨrɨr epite ŋolo isitiyaere ɛkɨtɔɛ ebe toculoi: torai ŋakipi ereco 1:49. Ɨgɨrɨr epite ŋolo isitiyaere ɛkɨtɔɛ ebe toculoi 10. Ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo etya ai ka ŋakipi iitana kɨyatakɨnaɛ lotaŋɨk ikotere toryamunere ereco ŋolo eculere?

Akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt, iyakar iyoŋ ŋɨtaŋikyo ŋulu aŋilitaɛ 20. Ikilimokinito ŋakɨcɨkɛt a ɛkɨtɔɛ ebe tocul alopasɛnɨt aŋolo a 5%. Iŋes atɛmar iitani iyoŋ ŋageron ŋʉna a ɛkɨtɔɛ 5 alotɔɔma ŋageron ŋʉna ɛrai 100 alokɨtɔɛ(ŋʉna ɛrai ŋakipi ka ɛkɨtɔɛ), ikwaan ka akitub ŋɨmɨlɨa 5 ml ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ ɨyatakinio lomɨlya 95 ml ŋʉlu aŋakipi = 100 ml ɛtɔtɔl a ɛkɨtɔɛ. Aryamʉn 5% ŋulu aŋilitaɛ 20 litres, kilocok mɔnɔ 5% torata ŋakɨlɨmakɨnɛt: 5% = 5/100 = 0.05

Kirwanɨk ŋilitaɛ 0.05 x 2ilitaɛ 0 litres = 1 litre. Iŋes atɛmar ebe ikotere toryamunere 5% inyalal tɔɔma ŋilitaɛ 20 litre alotaŋɨk, iitana iyoŋ kinyalak elita 1 ŋolo a ɛkɨtɔɛ ka ŋilitaɛ 19 (20 – 1) ŋulu aŋakipi.

Ereco ŋolo eculere

Ɛrai ereco ŋolo isikwaani ŋiboro ŋɨarei. Ɨtɔɔdɨʉnɨtaɛ ereco a ɛmacar alo ( : ).

Akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt, kiyakar iyoŋ erecyo 3:1 ŋolo aŋamesekin ka ŋaatuk, iŋes atɛmar iyakar iyoŋ ŋamesekin ŋauni akɨlɔ ŋaatuk. Aso, kiyakar iyoŋ ŋamesekin 30 iŋes atɛmar iyakar iyoŋ ŋaatuk 10 (anerai 30 ÷ 10 = 3).

Epedorete ŋakɨcɨkɛt ŋʉna ɨcwaɨcwaere ɛkɨtɔɛ alimor epite ŋolo eculere ɛkɨtɔɛ alotɔɔma ŋirecoi. Akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt, ɛrai ereco ŋolo eculere 1:4 iŋes atɛmar 1 “agerosit” ɛmaɨkɨna ɛkɨtɔɛ kɨyatakɨnaɛ 4 “ŋageron” ŋʉna aŋakipi. Ɛrai kiyeni iyoŋ neni etya ɛtaŋɨk kon, aso ɨkwa ŋɨna iyenɨa iyoŋ ereco ŋolo eculere, ipedori akitiyaʉn etyae ŋolo a ɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo ɛbɛɨt iyoŋ kisitiya alotaŋɨk.

Akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt, ereco ŋolo eculere 1:4, ŋɨtaŋikyo ŋulu aŋilitaɛ 20 litre, kitiyaʉ mɔnɔ ɛnamba “aŋageron” ŋʉna itoodiunito ŋirecoi lu. Ɛrai 1 + 4 = 5

Iŋes atɛmar, aŋʉna-geron ɛrai 5 ŋakɨcwaɨcwaɛta, agerosit 1 ɛmaɨkɨna torai ɛkɨtɔɛ. Aŋʉna apasɛnɨt, ipedori iyoŋ akiwaakɨn ɛrai akɨlɨmakɨnɛt: 1/5 = 0.2.

0.2 x 20 litres = 4 litre, ereco ŋolo eculere 1:4, iitana iyoŋ kinyalak 4 litre ŋolo a ɛkɨtɔɛ ka ŋilitaɛ 16 (20 – 4) ŋulu aŋakipi.

3 Ikotere toryamunere 15% ŋolo eculere, ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo etya ai iryamuni iyoŋ alotaŋɨk aŋolo ɛrai ŋilitaɛ 50?

4 Ani bo kiyakar iyoŋ ŋikokoroi:ŋakokoroi aloreco alo 1:5 ka toyakar ŋikokoroi 5, ŋakokoroi ŋaai

ipedori iyoŋ arʉkaʉn?

5 Kiyakar iyoŋ ŋimesekin:ŋamesekin aloreco alo 1:20 ka toyakar ŋakinei ŋʉna mesekin daadaŋ

66, ŋamesekin ka ŋimesekin ŋɨai iyakar iyoŋ?


38


Akɨmarʉn ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo iitana Akɨmarʉn epite ŋolo eduworere akɨcwaɨcwaɛt

Ɛlalak ŋakɨcwaɨcwaɛta ŋʉna ɛgɛlɛgɛla – ɨtɔgɛlaanɨt ikes ɛrai ŋɨsaiso ŋulu aŋɨtaŋikyo kɛc ka epite ŋolo eduworere.

Elimorit epite ŋolo eduworere etyae a ɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo eduwori akɨcwaɨcwaɛt aŋolo-yunit-erya. Ɨtɔpɛdɔrɨt rɨka nʉ ɛrai, ɛtaɨp, ɛnamba ka ɛsaɨs ŋolo ka akɨtʉk aŋɨna ka akɨcwaɨcwaɛt eduwori, ka nabo epite ŋolo ilosyo iyoŋ atipei.

Ɛlalak ŋipitesyo ŋulu epedorere aryamʉn epite ŋolo eduworere akɨcwaɨcwaɛt. Ŋakɨcwaɨcwaɛta ŋʉna cicik, ɛpatana, ɛrai asakɨn elose ŋɨna-pak iduworyo iyoŋ ŋakipi ɨlɛlɛba lotaŋɨk ikotere kɨrɨkak eerya ŋol ka kɨpɨm daŋ. Akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt, ɛrai kiryam iyoŋ eerya ŋolo ɛrai ɛrɛkɨtaŋʉgɔl ŋolo aŋamitaɛ 20 x 6 m, iryami epei-taŋɨk ŋolo ɨlɛlɛba ŋamitaɛ120 m2.

Eya nabo ŋipitesyo daŋ ŋice ŋulu ɨmarunere epite ŋolo eduworere akɨcwaɨcwaɛt nai egogoŋ ka ɛmam nyɨgɨrɨtaɛ lokɨtaabo lo.

Ŋarwa ŋace, nyiwaakɨnɨtaɛ ŋakɨrɔ ŋʉna eculere – nait eya ŋʉna elimorito ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo iwaakinio aŋolo-yunit. Aŋʉn, ɛbɛɨt nai iyoŋ kitiyaʉ epite ŋolo eculere ɛkɨtɔɛ. Ɛrai rɨka ani itiyaɛ iyoŋ,

toyeni neni etya akicwaɨcwaɛt kon.....

Epite ŋolo eduworere ka etyae a ɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo idikit

Akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt a:

Anakɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt ana, ɛtɔtɔl-erya ŋolo iryami ɛtaŋɨk epei (eduworyo) eyenen.

Iitanito Tad ka Mim akiwaakɨn ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ɛrai elita 1 aŋolo-ɛkɨta.

Itiyaete ikes ebe epei-taŋɨk ŋolo ka akɨcwaɨcwaɛt aŋɨna ɛrai knapsack eduwokini eerya ŋolo ɛrai ŋasɨkwɛa-mitaɛ 1000.

Epedorete nai ikes akitiyaʉn ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ɨyatakinio lotaŋɨk:

Iryami epei taŋɨk ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 1000 ÷ 10000 = 0.1 ha

Ɛrai kɛbasɨ ikes ebe ilita 1 aŋolo ɛkɨta, iŋes atɛmar ebe iitanete ikes ŋilitaɛ 0.1(100 ml) alotɔɔma ŋɨɛkaɛ 0.1 ha. Iitanete nai ikes akɨyatakɨn ŋɨmɨlɨa 100 (ml) ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ akiwaakɨn lotaŋɨk ka kilelebere aŋakipi.


39

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 20 – Akɨmarʉn epite ŋolo eduyo akɨcwaɨcwaɛt



Akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt b: Ɛgɛlaana akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt na, ani-ɛrai ɛrai ɛkɨmar ŋolo ebuni alotɔɔma epite ŋolo ebukyo akɨcwaɨcwaɛt ɛkɨtɔɛ iwaakɨnɨtaɛ ɛrai ŋilitaɛ aŋolo-ɛkɨta. Iyeni iyoŋ ebe ɛrai ɛtaŋɨk kon ŋilitaɛ 15 ka ebuki akɨcwaɨcwaɛt ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ɛrai ŋilitaɛ 250 aŋolo-ɛkɨta. Ipedori nai iyoŋ akitiyaʉn eerya ŋolo ɨcwaɨcwaɨ alotɔɔma ɛtaŋɨk ŋolo ɨlɛlɛba ɛkɨtɔɛ (ikwaan-pei ka Akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt a alokidyaama): 15/250 = 0.06. Akee-polou atɛmar ebe iryami epei-taŋɨk ŋɨɛkaɛ 0.06.

Ɛbala epite ŋolo ɛnyamitotor ŋiboreborei ebe kɨcwaɨcwaɛ ŋilitaɛ 2 aŋolo-ɛkɨta.

Kitiyaʉn nai ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ɨyatakinio lotaŋɨk epei:

Iitana ŋilitaɛ 2 ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ akiryam ɛkɨta 1 ha. Aŋʉn ŋilitaɛ 2 x 0.06 iryamete ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 0.06 ha = 0.12 l (120 ml). Iitani nai iyoŋ akɨyatakɨn ŋɨmɨlɨa 120 (ml) ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ tɔɔma ɛtaŋɨk idyo kɨlɛlɛbaɛ aŋakipi.

1 Itiyaɛ iyoŋ epite ŋolo eduyo akɨcwaɨcwaɛt kon. Epei-taŋɨk ŋolo ɨlɛlɛba ŋilitaɛ 10 iryami eerya ŋolo aŋamitaɛ 25m x 50m. Nyo ɛrauni etyae a ɛtaŋɨk a daadaŋ? Kitiyaʉ robo aŋamitaɛ m2 aŋolo-lita?

2 Nyo ɛrauni etyae a ɛtaŋɨk kon aŋolo iryami ŋamitaɛ 30 x 40? Ipedori mɔnɔ iyoŋ akɨpɨm eerya aŋɨɛkaɛ a?

3 Iitani iyoŋ akisitiya ɛkɨtɔɛ aloreco alo 0.5 litres aŋolo-ɛkɨta.Ɛrai epite ŋolo eduyo akɨcwaɨcwaɛt kon ŋasɨkwɛa-mitaɛ 1500.

Etya ai ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo iwaakini iyoŋ lotaŋɨk?

4 Iitana iyoŋ kiwaak ɛkɨtɔɛ aloreco alo 1.5 litres aŋolo-ɛkɨta. Iyeni iyoŋ ebe itemokino lotaŋɨk kon ɛrai ŋilitaɛ 15 litres ka eduwori ŋilitaɛ 100 litres aŋolo-ɛkɨta. Kitiyaʉ eerya ŋolo ipedori iyoŋ acʉkɨn ɛkɨtɔɛ alotaŋɨk aŋolo eyai ɛkɨtɔɛ ka, ane, toryamʉ etyae a

ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ɨyatakini lotaŋɨk epei ŋolo ɨcwaɨcwaere.


40



Ŋʉna kitiya losaa isitiyaere akɨcwaɨcwaɛt


Mɛrɛ robo ŋʉna ka akɨtatamo ɛmara lo ikitolosi iyoŋ aanyʉn ŋʉna alalak ŋʉna isitiyaere ɛkɨtɔɛ ɛjɔk. Nait ɛmaɨkɨna iyoŋ toyeni ebe ɛrɔkɔ ŋɨkɨtɔ ŋulu aŋikinyom ɛrai pa kisitiyaɛ ɛjɔk– epedorete akɨwan (ani iwaakini ɛkɨtɔɛ); epedori ɨtʉŋanan ŋini ɛnyami akɨmʉny; kori etyaŋ daŋ ka akibois yɔk (ŋɨna eduwokɨnɨtaɛ ɛkɨtɔɛ ka neni ɛcakakinio ɛkɨtɔɛ). Aŋʉna aŋʉn ɛmaɨkɨna iyoŋ jwɨjwɨ:

Tosɛʉ ɛjɔk akɨcwaɨcwaɛt ŋɨna iyookino lokinyom ka loboreborei kon;

Totʉpakinite ɛjɔk ŋakɨcɨkɛt ŋʉna eya locupa – kisitiyae epite ŋolo eculere ka ŋolo eduwokinere ɛkɨtɔɛ;

Kɨcwaɨcwaɛ ɛjɔk, aŋakipi aŋʉna ɛsɛgaak ka kitemokino;

Tonapite ŋiboro ŋulu ɨcwaɨcwaere (ɛrai ca epite ŋolo eyakar ɛkɨtɔɛ nait epedor araakou ɛparɔl

ŋolo edesi ŋakipi, ŋagulop, akuulu kori ŋulu ɨyaŋare ka ŋagamubut).

Ɛrai rɨka ŋakɨcwaɨcwaɛta ŋʉna iwoloko ka epedorete akɨnyasʉn ɛrai kɛnyamɨ. Nyicamʉ ɛkɨtɔɛ kori akɨcwaɨcwaɛt ɛtapakin namuny kon ka kɨlɔtanari ŋɨna-pak isitiyaa iyoŋ iŋes.

Kiwaanari ŋicupaɛ ŋulu aŋikɨtɔ neni ɨgɨrɨtaɛ ebe kiwaanaretei neni elilim, eonit, egolol,

tolwana aneni aŋɨdwɛ ka ŋityaŋ.

Kɨcwaɨcwai ɛsaa ŋolo ɛjɔkya akwap (akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt, mɛrɛ akɔlɔŋɨt ŋɨna ekusi);

Totupite ŋakɨcɨkɛt ŋʉna ɨgɨrɨtaɛ locupa, tocoite ɨcwaicwai ŋarwa ŋʉna ɛyapɨya akɨlɛm/akɨmʉj (eya ŋɨnambaɛ ŋulu aŋarwa aŋʉna ɛmaɨkɨna ŋolo-kinyomit kɨmʉkɛɨ ɛrɨŋa akɨlɛm/ạkɨmʉj);

Totyakarite ŋiboro ŋulu ɨcwaɨcwaere aloboro aŋulu-ce. Ata-kɨlɔsɨtaɛ ɛjɔk, etyono alɛmar ɛkɨtɔɛ

daadaŋ. Akɨtɔɔdɨkɨnɛt, ɛrai kisitiya iyoŋ akɨcwaɨcwaɛt ŋɨna ka abisaɨd ka ɛpɛstisaɨd, ipedori iyoŋ amʉnaar ŋikinyom kon!

Etyono acakar ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo nyisitiyataɛ, aso iitana iyoŋ jwɨjwɨ totamunite epite ŋolo isitiyaere ka ŋolo eculere, ikotere nyidoŋ edyo-kɨtɔɛ ŋɨna-pak isitiyaa iyoŋ.

When getting rid of empty, dry chemical and spray containers, always puncture them so that

they cannot be reused.


41



Akɨmarʉn ebei ŋolo ka akɨcwaɨcwaɛt

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 21 Akɨmarʉn ebei ka akɨcwaɨcwaɛt



Eyenete Tad ka Mim ŋasɨkwɛa-mitaɛ ŋʉna edolet ŋilitaɛ 20. Ikotere kɨmarunere ebei ŋolo ɨcwaɨcwaere ɛmanɨkɔr ɛmaɨkɨna ikes mɔnɔ kɨmarʉt ɛkɨmar aŋɨtaŋɨkyo aŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo iitanito ikes, ka ŋilitaɛ a ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋulu iitana.

Ɛrai kiyeni iyoŋ ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo isitiyaɛ iyoŋ aŋolo-yunit-erya, ɛtɔtɔl a ɛmanɨkɔr aŋolo ɨcwaɨcwayo ka ebei a ɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo ɛmaɨkɨna iyoŋ kisitiya, ipedori

iyoŋ akɨmarʉn ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo a ebei aŋolo ɨcwaɨcwaere ɛmanɨkɔr kon.

Iitanito Tad ka Mim akɨcwaɨcwa ŋɨɛkaɛ 1.25. Itemokin epei taŋɨk ŋolo a ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋasɨkwɛa-mitaɛ 1000– ŋʉna ɛrai ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 0.1. Ikotere kɨcwɨcwere ŋɨɛkaɛ 1.25, iitana ikes kisitiyata: 1.25 / 0.1 = 12.5 ŋɨtaŋɨkyo ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ. Iitanɨt epei-taŋɨk ŋɨmɨlɨa ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ 100 ml, ŋulu ɛrai ŋilitaɛ 0.1. Aŋʉn, iitanito ikes ŋilitaɛ a ɛkɨtɔɛ 0.1 x 12.5 = 1.25.

Ɛrai ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ɛcamito ikes akisitiya ŋadɔlaɛ $10 aŋolo-cupa 1. Epedorete ikes agyelun ŋicupaɛ 2 a ebei alo 2 x $10 = $20.

Ɛrai kegyelasɨ ikes ŋini nyisitiyaete ikes neni a Iyro, ɛrauni ebei kɛc bon: 1.25 X $10 = $12.50

For example

1 Ɛmaɨkɨna iyoŋ kitiyaʉ ebe iitanɨt ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo edoli ŋitaŋɨkyo 15 ikotere ŋɨmanikorin kon ka iitanɨt epei-taŋɨk ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ɛrai ŋimɨlɨa 50ml. Egyelanaryo ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋadɔlaɛ $20 aŋolo-cupa ɛrai ŋɨmɨlɨa 500ml. Nyo ɛrauni ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo a ebei a ɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo igyeli iyoŋ?


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Akɨmarʉn ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo iitana Ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo iitana ikotere ɛmanɨkɔr a lyro

Ɨrɨkak nai iyoŋ ɛkɨtaabo ŋolo a 2

Ɨtɔɔdɨʉnɨtaɛ ɛmanɨkɔr a lyro ane:

Ɛrai eerya a ɛmanɨkɔr a lyro ŋasɨkwɛa-mitaɛ 50 x 100 = 5000 m2 = 0.5 ha Ilipuni lyro ɛtaŋɨk a Tad ka Mim ŋolo ɛrai ŋasɨwɛa-mitaɛ 1,000 – ŋʉna ɛrai ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 0.1. Akɨcwaɨcwa ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 0.5, iitani nai lyro akiwaakɨn ŋɨtaŋikyo 5 ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ. Iitanɨt ŋolo-taŋɨk ɛkɨtɔɛ 100 ml, ŋolo ɛrai ŋilitaɛ 0.1. Aŋʉn iitanɨt lyro ŋilitaɛ a ɛkɨtɔɛ 0.1 x 5= 0.5.

Egyeli lyro ŋilitaɛ a ɛkɨtɔɛ 0.75 aneni a Tad ka Mim. Iŋisito iŋes ŋadɔlaɛ $7.50 ($20.00 - $21.50) Eryamuni iŋes ŋilitaɛ a ɛkɨtɔɛ 0.25 ŋulu idoŋete.

50 m

100 m


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Ŋaboŋonokinɛta ka ŋakisileerekinet ŋʉna a Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei

Etɛsɨt Atipei 1 – Akɨmarʉn ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo aŋikinyom Ŋaboŋonokinɛta 1 67.5 kg Ɛyapɨkɨnɨt 75 kg 2 $181.50 Ɛyapɨkɨnɨt $180 3a 75 Ɛyapɨkɨnɨt 80 3b 178.5 Ɛyapɨkɨnɨt 189 3c 129.5 Ɛyapɨkɨnɨt 148 3d 97.5 Ɛyapɨkɨnɨt 105 Akisileerekinɛta 1 4.5 x 15 = 4 x 15 kɨmɔrɨk 0.5 x 15 = 60 + 7.5 = 67.5 Ɛyapɨkɨnɨt = 5 x 15 = 75 2 30.25 x 6 = 30 x 6 kɨmɔrɨk 6 x 0.25 = 180 + 1.25 = 181.65 Ɛyapɨkɨnɨt 30 x 6 = 180 3a 10 x 7.5 = 75 (ya akɨlɨmakɨnɛt lowaɛ epei ŋolo alo-tɛtɛn) Ɛyapɨkɨnɨt 10 x 8 = 80 3b 21 x 8.5 = 21 x 8 kɨmɔrɨk 21 x 0.5 = 168 kɨmɔrɨk 10.5 = 178.5 Ɛyapɨkɨnɨt 21 x 9 = 189 3c 37 x 3.5 = 37 x 3 kɨmɔrɨk 37 x 0.5 = 111 kɨmɔrɨk 18.5 = 129.5 Ɛyapɨkɨnɨt 37 x 4 = 148 3d 15 x 6.5 = 15 x 6 kɨmɔrɨk 15 x 0.5 = 90 + 7.5 = 97.5 Ɛyapɨkɨnɨt 15 x 7 = 105

Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 2 – Akɨmarʉn epiteŋolo ɛyɛkitnere aŋolo-ɛkɨta Ŋaboŋonokinɛta 1 Ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ: 17.5 kg/ha Ŋɨɛkaɛ: 7 kg/acre 2 Ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ: 20 kg/ha. Ŋɨɛkaɛ: 8 kg/acre 3 Ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ: 12.31 kg/ha, kɨrɨʉ torata 12.5 kg/ha. Ŋɨɛkaɛ: 5 kg/acre Akisileerekinɛta 1 Ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ:

35 ÷ 2 = 17.5 kg/ha Ŋɨɛkaɛ: 35 ÷ 5 = 7 kg/acre

2 Ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ:

60 ÷ 3 = 20 kg/ha Ŋɨɛkaɛ: 60 ÷ 7 ½ Kirwanɨk ka 2 tolɛmarere atyakatyakaɛt 120 ÷ 15 = 8 kg/acre

3 Ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ:

40 ÷ 3 ¼ Kirwanɨk ka 4 tolɛmarere atyakatyakaɛt 160 ÷ 13 = 12.31 Kɨrɨʉ torata 12.5 Epit ŋolo ɛyɛkinere 12 ½ kg/ha Ŋɨɛkaɛ

40 ÷ 8 = 5 kg/acre

aboŋor (nakɨŋɨsɛta)



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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 3 – Akɨmarʉn ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita Ŋaboŋonokinɛta 1 Ŋikinyom 10.8 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita, ɛrai kɨpɨtakɨn ŋikinyom 4 aŋɨna-kɨpany, ka epite ŋolo ɛrʉpyata

90%. 2 Ŋikinyom 12.8 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita, ɛrai kɨpɨtakɨn ŋikinyom 4 aŋɨna-kɨpany, ka epite ŋolo ɛrʉpyata

80%. Akisileerekinɛt 1 Toryamʉ eerya ŋolo eyei epei-kɨtɔɛ = 0.7 x 0.5

Ikiyeni ebe ɛrai 0.7 ŋulu iriyan ka 7/10 nabo 0.5 iriyan ka 5/10 so 7/10 x 5/10 = 35/100 = 0.35 sq m Ŋɨkitɔ 1 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita = 1 ÷ 0.35 0.35 ɛyapikinito araʉn aŋuuni, aso ikiyeni ebe eteni aboŋokinɛt ayapɨyar 3. Kirwanɨk ŋɨnambaɛ ŋulu arei ka 100 tolɛmarere akɨlɨmakɨnɛt aso kɨmarʉ 100 ÷ 35

Ɛrai ŋɨkɨtɔ 2.85 aŋolo-ɛka ɛrai asɨkwɛa-mitaɛ 1, ŋulu ikiriuni torata ŋɨkɨtɔ 3 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita. Aɛkɨn ŋikinyom 4 aŋɨna-kɨpany ɛraunet ŋikinyom = 4 x 3 = 12 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita. Epite ŋolo ɛrʉpyata alotɔɔma 90% = 12 x 90% = 12 x 90/100 = 0.12 x 90 = 0.12 x 9 x 10 = 1.08 x 10 = 10.8 Acamakɨn epite ŋolo ɛrʉpyata 90% eyakasɨ ŋikinyom 10.8 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita ɛrai kɨpɨtakɨn ŋikinyom 4 aŋɨna-kɨpany.

2 Toryamʉ eerya ŋolo emini epei-kɨtɔɛ = 0.6 x 0.4

Ikiyeni ɨwɔn ebe 0.6 iriyan ka 6/10 nabo 0.4 iriyan ka 4/10 aso 6/10 x 4/10 = 24/100 = 0.24 sq m. Ŋɨkɨtɔ alotɔɔma asɨkwɛa-mita 1 = 1 ÷ 0.24 Epedoryo ɨwɔn akɨtoapɨkɨn torata 4. Eya ŋɨkɨtɔ ŋulu ɛyapikinito 4 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita ɛrai 1. Aɛkɨn ŋikinyom 4 aŋɨna-kɨpany ɛraunet ŋikinyom = 4 x 4 = 16 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita.

Epite ŋolo ɛrʉpyata alotɔɔma 80% = 16 x 80% = 16 x 80/100 = 0.16 x 80 = 0.16 x 8 x 10 = 1.28 x 10 = 12.8 Acamakɨn epite ŋolo ɛrʉpyata 80% eyakasɨ ŋikinyom 12.8 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita ɛrai kɨpɨtakɨn ŋikinyom 4 aŋɨna-kɨpany.



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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 4 – Akɨmarʉn ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋolo-ɛkɨta ka aŋolo-ɛka kɛdaun akitub Ŋaboŋonokinɛta 1 Ŋikinyom 80000 aŋolo-ɛkɨta kɛdaun akitub. Ŋikinyom 32400 aŋolo-ɛka kɛdaun akitub. 2 Ŋikinyom 60000 aŋolo-ɛkɨta kɛdaun akitub. Ŋikinyom 24300 aŋolo-ɛkɨta kɛdaun akitub. 3 Ŋɨkɨtɔ 2000 aŋolo-ɛkɨta. Ŋɨkɨtɔ 810 aŋolo-ɛka. Akisileerekinɛt 1 Toryamʉ eerya ŋolo ɨdɔdɨʉnɨt apei-kɨpany = 0.5 x 0.5

5 x 5 = 25. Kisiluny akɨlɨmakɨnɛt lowaɛ ŋolo a 2 torata = 0.25. 1 akɨpany ŋɨna idodiuni 0.25 sq m ŋulu ɛrai ŋasɨkwɛa-mitaɛ ¼. Ɛnamba ŋolo ka akɨpany ka 1 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita = 1 ÷ ¼ = 4, aso eyakaun ŋapanya 4 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita. Aɛkɨn ŋikinyom 4 aŋɨna-kɨpany ɛraunete = 4 x 4 = 16 ŋikinyom aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita.

Epite ŋolo ɛrʉpyata alotɔɔma 90% ɛraunete = 16 x 90% = 16 x 90/100 = 16 x 0.9 = 14.4 ŋikinyom aŋɨna- sɨkwɛa-mita. Akitub ŋikinyom 2 aŋɨna-kɨpany = ɛraunete ŋapanya 4 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita. x 2 ŋikinyom aŋɨna-kɨpany = 8 ŋɨɛkaɛ aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita. Ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ:

Aryamʉn ɛnamba aŋikinyom aŋolo ɛkɨta kɛdaun akitub: 8 x 10000 = 80000 ŋikinyom aŋolo-ɛka kɛdaun akitub. Ŋɨɛkaɛ: Aryamʉn ɛnamba aŋikinyom aŋolo ɛkɨta kɛdaun akitub: 8 x 4050 Kirwanɨk aŋatutubɛta: 8 x 4000 plus 8 x 50 = 32000 + 400 = 32400 ŋikinyom aŋolo-ɛka kɛdaun akitub.

2 Toryamʉ eerya ŋolo ɨdɔdɨʉnɨt apei-kɨpany = 0.6 x 0.5

6 x 5 = 30. Kisiluny akɨlɨmakɨnɛt lowaɛ ŋolo a 2 torata = 0.30 1 akɨpany ŋɨna idodiuni 0.3 sq m. Ɛnamba ŋolo ka akɨpany ka 1 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita = 1 ÷ 0.3 = 3.3, aso eyakaun ŋapanya 3 aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita. Aɛkɨn ŋikinyom 4 aŋɨna-kɨpany ɛraunete = 4 x 3 = 12 ŋikinyom aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita.

Epite ŋolo ɛrʉpyata alotɔɔma 70% ɛraunete = 12 x 70% = 12 x 70/100 = 12 x 0.7 = 8.4 ŋikinyom aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita. Akitub torata ŋikinyom 2 aŋɨna-kɨpany ɛraunete = 3 ŋapanya aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita. x 2 ŋikinyom aŋɨna-kipany = 6 ŋikinyom aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita.

Ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ:

Aryamʉn ɛnamba aŋikinyom aŋolo-ɛkɨta kɛdaun akitub: 6 x 10000 = 60000 ŋikinyom aŋolo ɛkɨta kɛlʉnyar akitub. Ŋɨɛkaɛ: Aryamʉn ɛnamba aŋikinyom aŋolo ɛkɨta kɛdaun akitub: 6 x 4050 Kirwanɨk aŋatutubɛta: 6 x 4000 plus 6 x 50 = 24000 + 300 = 24300 ŋikinyom aŋolo-ɛka kɛdaun akitub.

3 Toryamʉ eerya ŋolo ɨdɔdɨʉnɨt epei-kɨtɔɛ = 2 x 2.5 = 5 sq m. Ɛrai ŋɨkɨtɔ aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita ɛrai 1 = 1 ÷ 5 = 0.2 ŋɨkɨtɔ aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita. Ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ: Aryamʉn ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ alotɔɔma ɛkɨta1 ha: 0.2 x 10000 = 2000 ŋɨkɨtɔ aŋolo-ɛka. Ŋɨɛkaɛ: Aryamʉn ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋolo-ɛka:0.2 x 4050 0.2 iriyan ka 1/5 ŋulu-pei ikwaan ka akityak ka 5 aso ɛnamba aŋɨkɨtɔ aŋolo-ɛka = 4050/5 = 810 Ŋɨkɨtɔ aŋolo-ɛka.



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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 5– Epite ŋolo iwaakinere ka etyae aŋikinyom aŋulu iitana Ŋaboŋokinɛta 1 37.5 kg 2 80 kg 3 7 kg 4 13.75 kg Akisileerekinɛt 1 2.5 x 15

Akirwanɨkɨn aŋatutubeta: 2 x 15 kɨmɔrɨk 0.5 x 15 Akirwanɨkɨn ka 0.5 ikwaan ka akityak ka 2 so 0.5 x 15 = 7.5 ka 2 x 15 = 30 aso 2.5 x 15 = 30 + 7.5 = 37.5

2 10 x 8 = 80 3 0.5 x 14 Akirwanɨkɨn ka 0.5 ikwaan ka akityak ka 2 so 0.5 x 14 = 7 4 11 x 1.25 Akirwanɨklin lu ka akɨpak ɛtɔtɔl: 11 x 1.25 = 10 x 1.25 kɨmɔrɨk 1 x 1.25 = 12.5 kɨmɔrɨk 1.25 = 13.75


Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 6– Akɨmarʉn ebei aŋikinyom Ŋaboŋokineta 1 Iitani iŋes ŋakiloi aŋikinyom 30. Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei ɛrai ŋadɔlaɛ $150

2 Iitani iŋes ŋakiloi aŋikinyom 16.5. Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei ɛrai ŋadɔlaɛ $115.50

3 Iitanɨt iŋes ŋikinyom 52. Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei ɛrai ŋadɔla $208

4 Iitanɨt iŋes ŋikinyom 3. Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei ɛrai ŋadɔla $18 Akisileerekinɛt 1 Ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana = 2 x 15 = 30 kg.

Ebei aŋikinyom = 30 x $5 = $150

2 Ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana = 1.5 x 11 = 1.5 x 10 kɨmɔrɨk 1.5 = 15 + 1.5 = 16.5 kg.

Ebei aŋikinyom = 16.5 x $7 = 16 x 7 kɨmɔrɨk 0.5 x 7 = 112 + 3.5 = $115.50 3 Ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana = 4.33 x 12 = 4 x 12 kɨmɔrɨk 0.33 x 12 = 48 + 4 = 52 kg.


4 Ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana = 0.25 x 12 = 3 kg (akirwannɨkɨn ka 0.25 ikwaan ka akityak ka 4).




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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 7 – Akɨmarʉ ɛpaɨda (epite ŋolo ka 1) Ŋaboŋokineta 1 Ɛrai ɛpaɨda $6.50 Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋikinyom ka ɛpaɨda $71.50 2 Ɛrai ɛpaɨda $5.70 Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋikinyom ka ɛpaɨda $62.70

Akisileerekinɛt 1 Kɨmarʉ 10% ɛpaɨda

10% ɛrai akɨlɨmakɨnɛt ɛrai 0.1: $65 x 0.1 = $6.50 Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei ka ɛpaɨda = $65 + $6.50 = $71.50

2 Kɨmarʉ 10% ɛpaɨda 10% ɛrai akɨlɨmakɨnɛt ɛrai 0.1: $57 x 0.1 = $5.70

Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei ka ɛpaɨda = $57 + $5.70 = $62.70


Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 8 – Akɨmarʉ ɛpaɨda (epite ŋolo a 2) Ŋaboŋokineta 1 Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋikinyom ka ɛpaɨda $82.50 2 Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋikinyom ka ɛpaɨda $137.50 3 Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋikinyom ka ɛpaɨda $54 4 Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋikinyom ka ɛpaɨda $156.88 Akisileerekinɛt 1 Kɨmarʉ 110% ɛpaɨda.

110% ɛrai akɨlɨmakɨnɛt ɛrai = 1.1, aso 110% alotɔɔma $75 = 1.1 x 75 Tocɨcɨʉ aŋɨwaetin: 1 x 75 kɨmɔrɨk 0.1 x 75 = 75 + 7.5 = 82.5 Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei ka ɛpaɨda = $82.50

2 Kɨmarʉ 110% ɛpaɨda

110% ɛrai akɨlɨmakɨnɛt ɛrai = 1.1, aso 110% alotɔɔma $125 = 1.1 x 125 Tocɨcɨʉ aŋɨwaetin: 1 x 125 kɨmɔrɨk 0.1 x 125 = 125 + 12.5 = 137.5 Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei ka ɛpaɨda = $137.50


108% ɛrai akɨlɨmakɨnɛt ɛrai = 1.08, aso 108% alotɔɔma $50 = 1.08 x 50 Akirwanɨkɨn ka 50, kirwanɨk ka 100 idyo kinusik aboŋokinɛt. 1.08 x 100 = 108 Anus a 108 = 54 Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei ka ɛpaɨda = $54


106% ɛrai akɨlɨmakɨnɛt ɛrai = 1.06, aso 106% alotɔɔma $148 = 1.06 x 148 Tocɨcɨʉ aŋɨwaetin: 1 x 148 kɨmɔrɨk 0.06 x 148 0.06 x 148 epedoryo akɨtɔpatan ka akirwan ŋɨwaetin daadaŋ ka 100, idyo nai totyakaɛ ka 100 = 6 x 148 = 888 ketyak ka 100 = 8.88 Aso 1 x 148 kɨmɔrɨk 0.06 x 148 = 148 + 8.88 = 156.88 Ɛtɔtɔl a ebei ka ɛpaɨda = $156.88



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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 9 – Akɨtac ka akɨmʉj ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere Ŋaboŋokineta 1 Ŋakiloi a ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ 30.25 iitana ŋarwa ŋʉnak ka akɨlɛm, ŋulu ɛlalak ɨwadyo akɨlɔ ŋulu eryamuni

iŋes. 2 Ŋakiloi aŋimomwa 23. 83 iitana ŋarwa ŋʉnak ka akɨlɛm, ŋulu ɛlalak akɨlɔ ŋulu eryamuni iŋes. 3 Ŋakiloi aŋimomwa 38.5 iitana ŋarwa ŋʉnak ka akɨlɛm, ŋulu ɛlalakakɨlɔ ŋulu eryamuni iŋes. Akisileerekinet 1 Kɨmarak 10% ŋulu ɛrai ɛpaɨda

Isitiyao epite ŋolo ka 1:

10% ɛrai akɨlɨmakɨnɛt ɛrai = 0.1, aso 10% alotɔɔma $55 = 0.1 x $55 = $5.50

Ebei aŋikinyom ka 10% ɛpaɨda = 55 + 5.50 = $60.50 Ɛrauni ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ ŋadɔlaɛ $2 ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere. Ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ ŋolo ɛtacere ŋikinyom = 60.50 ÷ 2 = 30.25 Ɛkɨdɨkɨdɨ ŋolo iitana totacere ebei aŋikinyom ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere ($60.50) = 30.25 kg.

2 Kɨmarak 10% ŋulu ɛrai ɛpaɨda Isitiyao epite ŋolo ka 1:

10% ɛrai akɨlɨmakɨnɛt ɛrai = 0.1, aso 10% alotɔɔma $65 = 0.1 x $65 = $6.50 Ebei aŋikinyom kaapei ka 10% ɛpaɨda = 65 + 6.50 = $71.50 Ɛraunete ŋimomwa ŋadɔlaɛ $3 ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere. Ŋimomwa ŋulu iitana totacere ŋikinyom = 71.50 ÷ 3 = 23.83 Ŋimomwa ŋulu iitana totacere ebei aŋikinyom ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere ($71.50) = 23.83 kg.

3 Kɨmarak 10% ŋulu ɛrai ɛpaɨda Isitiyao epite ŋolo ka 1:

10% ɛrai akɨlɨmakɨnɛt ɛrai = 0.1, aso 10% alotɔɔma $70 = 0.1 x $70 = $7 Ebei aŋikinyom kaapei ka 10% ɛpaɨda = 70 + 7 = $77 Ɛraunete ŋimomwa ŋadɔlaɛ $2 ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere. Ŋimomwa ŋulu iitana totacere ŋikinyom = 77 ÷ 2 = 38.5 Ŋimomwa ŋulu iitana totacere ebei aŋikinyom ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere ($77) = 38.5 kg.



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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 10 – Ŋamee ŋaai iitana togyelaraɛ? Ŋaboŋokinɛta 1 Ŋakiloi aŋimomwa 17.6 iitana ŋarwa ŋʉnaelemere. Iitani ɛkɛtan agyelar ŋamee 3, mati sɛk

kegyelasɨ ikes ŋamee 2 ikotere ŋadɔlaɛ $80 ka kɨyatakɨnaɛ nabo $8. 2 Iitani ɛkɛtan agyelun ŋakiloi 20 ŋʉna aŋikinyom ikotere $66 (kaapei ka 10% ɛpaɨda). Iitanete ikes

ŋakiloi 22 ŋʉna aŋimomwa ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere totacere ŋikinyom. Iitanete ikes agyelar ŋamee 2, mati sɛk kegyelarɨt ameot 1 ŋɨna aŋadɔlaɛ $60 ka kɨyatakinere nabo ŋadɔlaɛ $6.

3 Iitani ɛkɛtan agyelun ŋakiloi 16.5 ŋʉna aŋikinyom ikotere $90.75 (kaapei ka 10% ɛpaɨda). Iitanete ikes ŋakiloi 55 ŋʉna aŋimomwa ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere totacere ŋikinyom. Iitanete ikes agyelar ŋamee 3, mati sɛk kegyelarɨt ŋamee 2 ŋʉna aŋadɔlaɛ $60 ka kɨyatakinere nabo ŋadɔlaɛ $10.75.

Akisileerekinɛt 1 Kɨmarak 10% ŋulu ɛrai ɛpaɨda

Isitiyao epite ŋolo ka 1:

10% ɛrai akɨlɨmakɨnɛt ɛrai 0.1, aso 10% alotɔɔma $80 = 0.1 x $80 = $8

Ebei aŋikinyom kaapei ka 10% ɛpaɨda = 80 + 8 = $88 Ɛraunete ŋimomwa ŋadɔlaɛ $5 ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere. Ŋimomwa ŋulu iitana totacere ebei aŋikinyom = 88 ÷ 5 = 17.6 Ŋimomwa ŋulu iitana totacere ebei aŋikinyom ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere ($88) = 17.6 kg. Ɛrai ŋamee $40. Ɛnamba aŋamee aŋʉna egyelaryo = $88 ÷ 40 = 2 ŋiperya. 8 aso iitani ɛkɛtan agyelar ŋakinei 3, mati sɛk kegyelasɨ ikes ŋamee 2 ikotere $80 kɨyatakinere $8.

2 Ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana togyelunaɛ = epite ŋolo iwaakinere x etyae a ɛmanɨkɔr = 10 x 2 = 20 ŋikinyom aŋɨna-kilo. Ebei aŋikinyom = 20 x $3 = $60 Kɨmarak 10% ŋulu ɛrai ɛpaɨda ɛrai kɛtacɨ ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere Isitiyao epite ŋolo ka 1:

10% ɛrai akɨlɨmakɨnɛt = 0.1, aso 10% alotɔɔma $60 = 0.1 x $60 = $6 Ebei aŋikinyom kaapei ka 10% ɛpaɨda = 60 + 6 = $66 Ɛraunete ŋimomwa ŋadɔlaɛ $3 ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere. Ŋimomwa ŋulu iitana totacere ŋikinyom

= 66 ÷ 3 = 22 kg.

Ɛrai ŋamee $60. Ɛnamba aŋamee aŋʉna egyelaryo = $66 ÷ 60 = 1 ŋiperya. 6 aso iitani ɛkɛtan agyelar ŋamee 2, mati sɛk kegyelasɨ ikes ameot 1 ikotere $60 kɨyatakinere $6.

3 Ŋikinyom ŋulu iitana agyelun = epite ŋolo iwaakinere x etyae a ɛmanɨkɔr = 11 x 1.5 = 16.5 ŋikinyom aŋɨna-kilo. Ebei aŋikinyom = 16.5 x $5 = 16 x 5 kɨmɔrɨk 0.5 x 5 = 80 + 2.5 = 82.5

Kɨmarak 10% ŋulu ɛrai ɛpaɨda ɛrai kɛtacɨ ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere. Isitiyao epite ŋolo ka 1:

10% ɛrai akɨlɨmakɨnɛt = 0.1, aso 10% alotɔɔma $82.50 = 0.1 x 82.50 = $8.25

Ebei aŋikinyom kaapei ka 10% ɛpaɨda = 82.50 + 8.25 = $90.75 Ɛraunete ŋimomwa ŋadɔlaɛ $5 ŋarwa ŋʉna elemere. Ŋimomwa ŋulu iitana totacere ŋikinyom = 90.75 ÷ 5 = 18.15 kg

Ɛrai ŋamee $40. Ɛnamba aŋamee aŋʉna egyelaryo = $90.75 ÷ 40 = 2 ŋiperya. 10.75 aso iitani ɛkɛtan agyelar ŋamee 3, mati sɛk kegyela iŋes ŋamee 2 ikotere $80 kɨyatakinere $10.75.



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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 11 – Akɨmarʉn etyae a DAP ka ŋacoto ŋʉna iitana Ŋaboŋokinɛta 1 DAP 225 kg. ŋacoto 225 kg 2 DAP 40 kg. ŋacoto 40 kg 3 DAP 262.5 kg. ŋacoto 262.5 kg 4 DAP 180 kg. ŋacoto 180 kg Akisileerekinet 1 Etyae a DAP aŋolo iitana ikotere ŋɨɛkaɛ 2.25 ha = 100 x 2.25 = 225 kg

Etyae aŋacoto aŋʉna iitana ikotere ŋɨɛkaɛ 2.25 ha = 100 x 2.25 = 225 kg

2 Etyae a DAP aŋolo iitana ikotere ŋɨɛkaɛ 0.5 ha = 80 x 0.5 = 40 kg Etyae aŋacoto aŋʉna iitana ikotere ŋɨɛkaɛ 0.5 ha = 80 x 0.5 = 40 kg

3 Etyae a DAP aŋolo iitana ikotere ŋɨɛkaɛ 3.5 acres = 75 x 3.5 Tocɨcɨʉ aŋɨwaetin: 75 x 3 kɨmɔrɨk 75 x 0.5 = 225 + 37.5 = 262.5 kg Etyae aŋacoto aŋʉna iitana ikotere ŋɨɛkaɛ 3.5 acres = 75 x 3.5 Tocɨcɨʉ aŋɨwaetin: 75 x 3 kɨmɔrɨk 75 x 0.5 = 225 + 37.5 = 262.5 kg

4 Etyae a DAP aŋolo iitana ikotere ŋɨɛkɨaɛ 2 ha = 90 x 2 = 180 kg Etyae aŋacoto aŋʉna iitana ikotere ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ 2 ha = 90 x 2 = 180 kg



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Etɛsɨt Atipei 12 – Akɨmarʉn ebei ka ŋadepedepyo ŋʉna a DAP ka ŋacoto Ŋaboŋonokineta 1 50 kg ŋʉna a DAP = $25.50 50 kg ŋʉna aŋacoto = $15 2 50 kg ŋʉna a DAP = $22.50 50 kg ŋʉna aŋacoto = $14 3 25 kg ŋʉna a DAP = $12.50 25 kg ŋʉna aŋacoto = $6.25 4 25 kg ŋʉna a DAP = $10.75 25 kg ŋʉna aŋacoto = $6.25 Explanation 1 Kɨmarʉ ebei ŋolo ka akilo ka 1 kg aŋɨna a DAP idyo kirwanɨk ka 50 toryamunere ŋakiloi 50 kg. Ŋʉna

ɛrai ebei ŋolo a ɛtan ka 1 tonne = $510 1 kg = 510/1000 = $0.51 50 kg = 0.51 x 50 Ikotere akirwanɨkɨn ka 50, kirwanɨk ka 100 idyo kinusik aboŋokinɛt 0.51 x 100 = 51 Anus a 51 = 25.5 50 kg ŋʉna a DAP = $25.50 Kɨmarʉ ebei ŋolo ka akilo ka 1 kg aŋɨna aŋacoto idyo kirwanɨk ka 50 toryamunere ŋakiloi 50 kg. Ŋʉna ɛrai ebei ŋolo a ɛtan ka 1 tonne = $300 1 kg = 300/1000 = $0.30 50 kg = 0.30 x 50 Ikotere akirwanɨkɨn ka 50, kirwanɨk ka 100 idyo kinusik aboŋokinɛt 0.30 x 100 = 30 Anus a = 15 50 kg ŋʉna aŋacoto = $15

2 Kɨmarʉ ebei ŋolo ka akilo ka 1 kg aŋɨna a DAP idyo kirwanɨk ka 50 toryamunere ŋakiloi 50 kg. Ŋʉna

ɛrai ebei ŋolo a ɛtan ka 1 tonne = $450 1 kg = 450/1000 = $0.45 50 kg = 0.45 x 50 To multiply by 50, multiply by 100 and halve the answer 0.45 x 100 = 45 Half of 45 = 22.5 50 kg ŋʉna a DAP = $22.50

Calculate the cost of 1 kg of Urea then multiply by 50 to find 50 kg. Cost of 1 tonne = $280 1 kg = 280/1000 = $0.28 50 kg = 0.28 x 50 Ikotere akirwanɨkɨn ka 50, kirwanɨk ka 100 idyo kinusik aboŋokinɛt 0.28 x 100 = 28 Anus a 28 = 14 50 kg ŋʉna aŋacoto = $14

3 Kɨmarʉ ebei ŋolo ka akilo ka 1 kg aŋɨna a DAP idyo kirwanɨk ka 25 toryamunere ŋakiloi 25 kg. Ŋʉna

ɛrai ebei ŋolo a ɛtan ka 1 tonne = $500 25 kg = 0.50 x 25 Ikotere akirwanɨkɨn ka 25, kirwanɨk ka 100 idyo totyak aboŋokinɛt ka 4 0.50 x 100 = 50 50 ÷ 4 = 12.5 25 kg ŋʉna a DAP = $12.5

Kɨmarʉ ebei ŋolo ka akilo ka 1 kg aŋɨna aŋacoto idyo kirwanɨk ka 25 toryamunere ŋakiloi 25 kg. Ŋʉna ɛrai ebei ŋolo a ɛtan ka 1 tonne = $250 1 kg = 250/1000 = $0.25 25 kg = 0.25 x 25 Ikotere akirwanɨkɨn ka 25, kirwanɨk ka 100 idyo totyak aboŋokinɛt ka 4 0.25 x 100 = 25 25 ÷ 4 = 6.25 25 kg ŋʉna aŋacoto = $6.25

4 Kɨmarʉ ebei ŋolo ka akilo ka 1 kg aŋɨna a DAP idyo kirwanɨk ka 25 toryamunere ŋakiloi 25 kg. Ŋʉna ɛrai ebei ŋolo a ɛtan ka 1 tonne = $430 1 kg = 430/1000 = $0.43 25 kg = 0.43 x 25 Ikotere akirwanɨkɨn ka 25, kirwanɨk ka 100 idyo totyak aboŋokinɛt ka 4 0.43 x 100 = 43 43 ÷ 4 = 10.75 25 ŋʉna a DAP = $10.75

Kɨmarʉ ebei ŋolo ka akilo ka 1 kg aŋɨna aŋacoto idyo kirwanɨk ka 25 toryamunere ŋakiloi 25 kg. Ŋʉna ɛrai ebei ŋolo a ɛtan ka 1 tonne = $250 1 kg = 250/1000 = $0.25 25 kg = 0.25 x 25 Ikotere akirwanɨkɨn ka 25, kirwanɨk ka 100 idyo totyak aboŋokinɛt ka 4 0.25 x 100 = 25 25 ÷ 4 = 6.25 25 kg ŋʉna aŋacoto = $6.25



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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 13 – Ebei ŋolo eryamunere ka ŋolo ipotorere DAP ka ŋacoto Ŋaboŋokinete 1 Ebei aŋakiloi 50 kg adepedep ŋɨna a DAP ka ŋulu ipotorere = $71.50 Ɛrai ebei 50 kg adepedep

aŋacoto ka ŋʉna ipotorere = $36.30 2 Ebei aŋakiloi 50 kg adepedep ŋɨna a DAP ka ŋulu ipotorere = $89.64 Ɛrai ebei 50 kg adepedep

aŋacoto ka ŋʉna ipotorere = $45.36 3 Ebei aŋakiloi 50 kg adepedep ŋɨna a DAP ka ŋulu ipotorere = $65.10 Ɛrai ebei 50 kg adepedep

aŋacoto ka ŋʉna ipotorere = $37.80 Akisileerekinet 1 Kɨmarʉ 10 % ebei ŋolo a DAP

65/10 = $6.5 Ebei ŋolo 50 kg adepedep ŋɨna a DAP ka ŋulu ipotorere = 65 + 6.5 = $71.50 Kɨmarʉ 10 % ebei ŋolo aŋacoto 33/10 = $3.3 Ebei ŋolo 50 kg adepedep ŋɨna aŋacoto ka ŋulu ipotorere = 33 + 3.3 = $36.30

2 Kɨmarʉ 8 % ɛpaɨda ŋolo a DAP 8% alotɔɔma $83 = $83 x 8/100 Kɨtɔpatan ka akityak ŋɨnambaɛ ŋulu arei ka 100 = $0.83 x 8 = $6.64 Ebei ŋolo 50 kg adepedep ŋɨna a DAP ka ŋulu ipotorere = 83 + 6.64 = $89.64 Kɨmarʉ 8 % ɛpaɨda ŋolo aŋacoto 8% alotɔɔma $42 = $42 x 8/100 Kɨtɔpatan ka akityak ŋɨnambaɛ ŋulu arei ka 100 = $0.42 x 8 = $2.56 Ebei ŋolo 50 kg adepedep ŋɨna aŋacoto ka ŋulu ipotorere = 42 + 3.36 = $45.36

3 Kɨmarʉ 5 % ɛpaɨda ŋolo a DAP Aryamʉn 5% ŋulu a idyo-bore ɛpatana aryamʉn 10% (ka akityak ka 10) idyo nai kinusik aboŋokinɛt. 10% alotɔɔma $62 = 6.2. 5% = 6.2/2 = 3.1 Ebei ŋolo 50 kg adepedep ŋɨna a DAP ka ŋulu ipotorere = 62 + 3.1 = $65.10 Kɨmarʉ 5 % ɛpaɨda ŋolo aŋacoto Aryamʉn 5% ŋulu a idyo-bore ɛpatana aryamʉn 10% (ka akityak ka 10) idyo nai kinusik aboŋokinɛt. 10% alotɔɔma $36 = 3.6. 5% = 3.6/2 = 1.8 Ebei ŋolo 50 kg adepedep ŋɨna aŋacoto ka ŋulu ipotorere = 36 + 1.8 = $37.80



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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 14 – Ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo aŋasike ka ŋacoto Ŋaboŋokineta 1 Ɛrai ŋadepedepyo 3.5. Ebei $122.50 ŋolo aŋadepedepyo 3.5 aŋʉna a DAP, ka ŋulu ipotorere. 2 Ɛrai ŋadepedepyo 4.5. Ebei $72 ŋolo aŋadepedepyo 4.5 aŋʉna aŋacoto, ka ŋulu ipotorere. 3 DAP: 3.5 bags. Ebei $154 for 3.5 ŋolo aŋadepedepyo a DAP, ka ŋulu ipotorere.

Ŋcoto: Ŋadepedepyo1.5. Ebei $24.75 ŋolo aŋadepedepyo 1.5 aŋʉna aŋacoto, ka ŋulu ipotorere.

Akisileerekinet 1 Kɨmarʉ ɛnamba aŋadepedepyo aŋʉna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 kg = 175 ÷ 50 = 3 iperya 25 = 3.5 ŋadepedepyo.

Ɛrai apei-depedep ebei $35. Ebei ŋolo aŋadepedepyo 3.5 = 35 x 3.5 Kirwanɨk aŋɨwaetin: 35 x 3 kɨmɔrɨk 35 x 0.5 = 105 + 17.5 = $122.50

2 Kɨmarʉ ɛnamba aŋadepedepyo aŋʉna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 kg = 225 ÷ 50 = 4 iperya 25 = 4.5 ŋadepedepyo Ɛrai apei-depedep ebei $16. Ebei ŋolo aŋadepedepyo 4.5 = 16 x 4.5 Kirwanɨk aŋɨwaetin: 16 x 4 kɨmɔrɨk 16 x 0.5 = 64 + 8 = $72

3 DAP: Kɨmarʉ ɛnamba aŋadepedepyo aŋʉna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 kg = 175 ÷ 50 = 3 iperya 25 = 3.5 ŋadepedepyo Ɛrai apei-depedep ebei $40 KITEE ka ŋulu ipotorere idyo kɨmarʉ 10% 40 ÷ 10 = 4 aso ka 10% ŋulu ipotorere adepedep 50 kg = $44 Ebei ŋolo aŋadepedepyo 3.5 ka ŋulu ipotorere = 44 x 3.5 Kirwanɨk aŋɨwaetin: 44 x 3 kɨmɔrɨk 44 x 0.5 = 132 + 22 = $154 Ŋcoto: Kɨmarʉ ɛnamba aŋadepedepyo aŋʉna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 kg = 75 ÷ 50 = 1 iperya 25 = 1.5 ŋadepedepyo Ɛrai apei-depedep ebei $15 KITEE ka ŋulu ipotorere idyo kɨmarʉ 10%. 15 ÷ 10 = 1.5 aso ka 10% ŋulu ipotorere adepedep 50 kg = $16.5 Ebei ŋolo aŋadepedepyo 1.5 = 16.5 x 1.5 Kirwanɨk aŋɨwaetin: 16.5 x 1 kɨmɔrɨk 16.5 x 0.5 = 16.5 + 8.25 = $24.75



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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 15 – Ŋamee ŋaai iitana togyelaraɛ totacere ŋadepedepyo daadaŋ ŋʉna aŋasike ka ŋacoto Ŋaboŋokineta 1 Ɛrai ŋadepedepyo 3. Ebei $105.6 ka ŋulu ipotorere ŋadepedepyo 3.

Iitanete ikes agyelar ŋamee 3, kori 2 ikotere $104 ɛrai kiwaakɨs ikes ŋice $1.60 2 Ɛrai ŋadepedepyo 14. Ebei $662.2 ka ŋulu ipotorere ŋadepedepyo 14.

Iitanete ikes agyelar ŋamee 12, kori 11 ikotere $660 ɛrai kiwaakɨs ikes ŋice $2.20 3 DAP: Ɛrai ŋadepedepyo 6. Ebei $250.8 ka ŋulu ipotorere ŋadepedepyo 6.

Iitanete ikes agyelar ŋamee 6, kori 5 goats for $250 ɛrai kiwaakɨs ikes ŋice $0.80 Ŋcoto: Ɛrai ŋadepedepyo 6. Ebei $118.8 ka ŋulu ipotorere ŋadepedepyo 6. Iitanete ikes agyelar ŋamee 3, kori 2 ikotere $100 ɛrai kiwaakɨs ikes ŋice $18.80

Akisileerekinet 1 Ɛnamba aŋadepedepyo aŋʉna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 kg = 125 ÷ 50 = 2 iperya 25 = 2.5.

Iitani iŋes agyelun ŋadepedepyo 3. Ɛrai ŋɨna-depedep ebei $32. Ebei ŋolo aŋadepedepyo 3 = 32 x 3 = $96 10% aŋadɔlaɛ $96 = 9.6 aso ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋadepedepyo 3 = 96 + 9.6 = $105.60 ka ŋulu ipotorere. ɛrai akine 1 ŋadɔlaɛ $52. 105.6 ÷ 52 = 2 iperya 1.6, aso iitanete ikes agyelar ŋamee 3, kori 2 ikotere ŋadɔlaɛ $104 ɛrai kiwaakɨs ikes ŋice $1.60

2 Ɛnamba aŋadepedepyo aŋʉna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 kg = 675 ÷ 50 = 13 iperya 25 = 13.5. Iitani iŋes agyelun ŋadepedepyo 14. Ɛrai ŋɨna-depedep ebei $43. Ebei ŋolo aŋadepedepyo 14 = 43 x 14 = 43 x 10 plus 43 x 4 = 430 + 172 = $602 10% aŋadɔlaɛ $602 = 60.2 aso ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋadepedepyo = 602 + 60.2 = $662.20 ka ŋulu ipotorere. Ɛrai akine 1 ŋadɔlaɛ $60. 662.2 ÷ 60 = 11 iperya 2.2, aso iitanete ikes agyelar ŋamee 12, kori 11 ikotere ŋadɔlaɛ $660 if they could put the extra $2.20

3 DAP: Ɛnamba aŋadepedepyo aŋʉna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 kg = 300 ÷ 50 = 6. Iitani iŋes agyelun ŋadepedepyo 6. Ɛrai ŋɨna-depedep ebei $38. Ebei ŋolo aŋadepedepyo 6 = 38 x 6 = $228 10% aŋadɔlaɛ $228 = 22.8 aso ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋadepedepyo = 228 + 22.8 = $250.80 ka ŋulu ipotorere. Ɛrai akine 1 ŋadɔlaɛ $50. 250.8 ÷ 50 = 5 iperya 0.8, aso iitanete ikes agyelar ŋamee 6, kori 5 ikotere ŋadɔlaɛ $250 ɛrai kiwaakɨs ikes ŋice $0.80 Ŋacoto: Ɛnamba aŋadepedepyo aŋʉna ɛrai ŋakiloi 50 kg = 275 ÷ 50 = 5 iperya 25. Iitani iŋes agyelun ŋadepedepyo 6. Ɛrai ŋɨna-depedep ebei $18. Ebei ŋolo aŋadepedepyo 6 = 18 x 6 = $108 10% aŋadɔlaɛ $108 = 10.8 aso ɛtɔtɔl a ebei aŋadepedepyo = 108 + 10.8 = $118.80 ka ŋulu ipotorere. Ɛrai akine 1 ŋadɔlaɛ $50. 118.8 ÷ 50 = 2 iperya 18.8, aso iitanete ikes agyelar ŋamee 3, kori 2 ikotere ŋadɔlaɛ $100 ɛrai

kiwaakɨs ikes ŋice $18.80



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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 16 – Akɨmarʉn ka akilocokin ŋʉna aŋiboro Ŋaboŋokineta 1 Ɛrai ŋadepedepyo 4. Eyakaunotor ikes ŋakiloi ŋʉna idoŋete 25 ka ebei $21 ŋolo aŋiboro alu. 2 Ɛrai ŋadepedepyo 9. Eyekaunotor ikes ŋakiloi ŋʉna idoŋete 30 ka ebei $15 ŋolo aŋiboro alu. 3 DAP: Ɛrai ŋadepedepyo 7. Eyakaunotor ŋakiloi 40 ŋʉna idoŋete ka ebei $28 ŋolo aŋiboro alu.

Ŋacoto: Ɛrai ŋadepedepyo 6. They would have 10 kg left and charge $4 ŋolo aŋiboro alu.

Akisileerekinet 1 Ɛcamɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 175 kg ŋʉna a DAP.

Ɛnamba aŋadepedepyo 50 kg ɛmaɨkɨna iŋes togyel = 175 ÷ 50 = 3 iperya 25 aso iitani iŋes akigyel ŋadepedepyo 4. Ŋiboro ŋulu ɛmaɨkɨna iŋes togyel (50 x 4) tolɛma ebei ŋolo iitanɨt iŋes (175) = 200 – 175 = 25 kg. Ɛrai ebei aŋakiloi 25 kg anus aŋakiloi 50 kg ana-depedep = 42 ÷ 2 = $21

2 Ɛcamɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 420 kg ŋʉna aŋacoto. Ɛnamba aŋadepedepyo 50 kg ɛmaɨkɨna iŋes togyel = 420 ÷ 50 = 8 iperya 20 aso iitani iŋes akigyel ŋadepedepyo 9. Ŋiboro ŋulu ɛmaɨkɨna iŋes togyel (50 x 9) tolɛma ebei ŋolo iitanɨt iŋes (420) = 450 – 420 = 30 kg. Akɨmarʉn ebei aŋakiloi 30kg toryamʉ ebei aŋakiloi 10 kg kirwanɨk ka 3. Ebei aŋakiloi 50 kg = $25 aso 10 kg = 25 ÷ 5 = $5 Ebei aŋakiloi 30 kg = 5 x 3 = $15

3 Ɛcamɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 310 kg ŋʉna a DAP. Ɛnamba aŋadepedepyo 50 kg ɛmaɨkɨna iŋes togyel = 310 ÷ 50 = 6 iperya 10 aso iitani iŋes akigyel ŋadepedepyo 7. Ŋiboro ŋulu ɛmaɨkɨna iŋes togyel (50 x 7) tolɛma ebei ŋolo iitanɨt iŋes (310) = 350 – 310 = 40 kg. Akɨmarʉn ebei aŋakiloi 40 kg toryamʉ ebei aŋakiloi 10 kg kirwanɨk ka 4. Ebei aŋakiloi 50 kg = $35 aso 10 kg = 35 ÷ 5 = $7 Ebei aŋakiloi 40 kg = $7 x 4 = $28

4 Ɛcamɨt ɛkɛtan ŋakiloi 290 kg ŋʉna aŋacoto.

Ɛnamba aŋadepedepyo 50 kg ɛmaɨkɨna iŋes togyel = 290 ÷ 50 = 5 iperya 40 aso iitani iŋes akigyel ŋadepedepyo 6. Ŋiboro ŋulu ɛmaɨkɨna iŋes togyel (50 x 6) tolɛma ebei ŋolo iitanɨt iŋes (290) = 300 – 290 = 10 kg. Akɨmarʉn ebei aŋakiloi 10 kg epedoryo akityak ebei aŋadepedepyo 50 kg ka 5. Ebei aŋakiloi 50 kg = $20 aso 10 kg = 20 ÷ 5 = $4



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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 17 – Akɨmarʉn ŋulu alokidiŋ

Ŋaboŋokineta

1 Ɛnamba ŋolo alokidiŋ = 8 ŋiboreborei aŋɨna-lɛmʉnɛt. Nyɛmaɨkɨna iŋes toduwok ɛkɨtɔɛ.

2 Ɛnamba ŋolo alokidiŋ = 16.5 ŋiboreborei aŋɨna-rɨpɨkɨnɛt 3.3. Nyɛmaɨkɨna iŋes toduwok ɛkɨtɔɛ.

3 a. 6 b. 30 c. 15.5

Akisileerekinet 1 7 + 9 + 5 + 9 + 10 + 8 = 48 48 ÷ 6 ŋarɨpɨkɨnɛt = 8 ŋiboreborei aŋɨna-rɨpɨkɨnɛt. Anerai ekidyoko 8 akɨlɔ 10, nyɛmaɨkɨna iŋes toduwok ɛkɨtɔɛ. 2 10 + 18 + 12 + 21 + 19 + 15 + 17 + 20 = 132 132 ÷ 8 = 16.5 ŋiboreborei aŋɨna-rɨpɨkɨnɛt (alokɨtɔ 5) Ŋiboreborei aŋolo-kɨtɔɛ = 16.5 ÷ 5 = 3.3 ŋiboreborei aŋolo-kɨtɔɛ. Anerai ɛlalak 3 akɨlɔ 3, ɛmaɨkɨna iŋes toduwok ɛkɨtɔɛ. 3 a 2 + 5 + 7 + 8 + 10 + 4 = 36 ÷ 6 = 6 b 27 + 30 + 28 + 35 = 120 ÷ 4 = 30 c 17 + 18 + 9 + 16 + 14 + 17 + 20 + 13 = 124 ÷ 8 = 15.5


Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 18 – Akitiyaʉn neni etya ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo isitiyao aŋolo-yunit-eerya. Ŋaboŋokineta

1 Epite ŋolo iwaakinere 0.05 ml/m2. Iitanɨt ɛkɛtan ɛkɨtɔɛ 375 ml.

2 Ɛkɨtɔɛ 40.5 ml, ŋolo iriunio toraʉ ŋɨmɨlɨa 41 ml.

Akisileerekinet 1 Ɛrai ŋilitaɛ 0.5 aŋolo-ɛkɨta ikwaan ka 500 ml aŋolo-mililita 10,000m2. Etyakyo 500 ml ka 10,000 akitiyaʉnɨa ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo iwaakinio aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita: 500ml/10,000 = 0.05 ml/m2 0.75 ha ɛrai 10,000 x 0.75 = 7500 m2. Aŋʉn, iitani iŋes ɛkɨtɔɛ 7500 x 0.05 = 375 ml ikotere ɛmanɨkɔr kɛŋ. 2 Ɛrai ŋilitaɛ 0.2 litres aŋolo-ɛkɨta ikwaan ka 200 ml aŋolo-mililita 10,000m2. Etyakyo 200 ml ka 10,000 akitiyaʉnɨa ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo iwaakinio aŋɨna-sɨkwɛa-mita: 200ml/10000 = 0.02 ml/m2. Ɛraunete ŋɨɛkaɛ 0.5 ɛraunete: 0.5 x 4050 = 2025 m2. Aŋʉn, iitani ɛkɛtan ŋɨmɨlɨa 2025 x 0.02 = 40.5 ml ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ. Epedoryo akɨrɨʉn torata ŋɨmɨlɨa 40 ml.



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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 19 – Epite ŋolo eculere, ɛpasɛnɨt ka ereco Ŋaboŋokineta 1 Ŋɨmɨlɨa ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ 150 ml ŋulu ɨyatakinio. Ŋilitaɛ aŋakipi 14.85 litres ŋulu ɨyatakinio. 2 Ŋɨmɨlɨa ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ 200 mls ŋulu ɨyatakinio. Ŋilitaɛ aŋakipi 9.8 litres ŋulu ɨyatakinio.

3 7.5 ŋilitaɛ

4 25 ɛtɔtɔl aŋikokoroi

5 3 ŋimesekin ka 60 ŋamesekin

Akisileerekinet 1 1% = 0.01 aŋakɨlɨmakɨnɛta 0.01 x 15 = 0.15 litres ɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo-taŋɨk, ŋolo ɛrai 0.15 x 1000 = 150 ml a ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ɨyatakinio. 15 – 0.15 = 14.85 ŋilitaɛ aŋakipi ŋʉna ɨyatakinio. 2 1 + 49 = 50 ɛtɔtɔl aŋatutubɛta. 1/50 = 0.02 0.02 x 10 = 0.2 ŋilitaɛ. Ɛraunete 0.2 x 1000 = 200 mls a ɛkɨtɔɛ ŋolo ɨyatakinio. 10 – 0.2 = 9.8 ŋilitaɛ aŋakipi ŋʉna ɨyatakinio. 3 15% = 0.15 aŋakɨlɨmakɨnɛta. 0.15 x 50 = 7.5 ŋilitaɛ. 4 5 x 5 = 25 ɛtɔtɔl aŋikikokoroi 5 1 + 20 = ɛtɔtɔl 21 “aŋatutubɛta”. Ɛrai apei-tutubet 66 ÷ 21 = 3.14 Ŋulu iriunio torata 3. Aŋʉn, iyakar iyoŋ ŋimesekin 3. Iyakar iyoŋ 3 x 20 = 60 ŋamesekin = 63 ŋakinei.


Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 20 – Akɨmarʉn epite ŋolo isitiyaere akɨcwaɨcwaɛt Ŋaboŋokineta

1 1250 m2 ŋulu a ɛtaŋɨk a epei aŋolo aŋilitaɛ 10. 125 m

2 ŋulu a ɛtaŋɨk a epei aŋolo aŋilitaɛ.

2 1200 m2 ɛtɔtɔl. Approximately 0.3 ŋɨɛkaɛ.

3 Iitana iyoŋ kɨyatak ŋɨmɨlɨa 75 (ml) ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ lotaŋɨk epei ŋolo aŋakipi. 4 itemokin epei-taŋɨk 1500m

2 ka iitana iyoŋ kɨcwaɨcwa 0.15 ml/m

2.

Aŋʉn, 1500 x 0.15 = 225 ml a ɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo iitana aŋolo-taŋɨk 15 ŋilitaɛ. Akisileerekinet 1 25 x 50 = 1250 m2 ŋulu a ɛtaŋɨk a epei aŋolo aŋilitaɛ 10. 1250 ÷ 10 = 125 m2 ŋulu a ɛtaŋɨk a epei aŋolo aŋilitaɛ. 2 30 x 40 = 1200 m2 alotɔtɔl. Eyakaun ŋɨmɨlɨa 4000 m2 alotɔɔma ɛka. 1200 ÷ 4000 = 0.3 ŋɨɛkaɛ. 3 0.5 ŋilitaɛ aŋolo-ɛka ikwaan ka 500 ml aŋolo-ɛkɨta kori 500 ÷ 10000 = 0.05 ml/m2. Ikotere toryamunere ŋulu iitana 1500 ŋasɨkwɛa-mitaɛ, kirwanɨk 0.05 ml/m2 x 1500 = 75ml. Iitana nai iyoŋ kɨyatak ŋɨmilɨa 75 (ml) tɔɔma ɛtaŋɨk epei ŋolo a ɛkɨtɔɛ. 4 Ɛrai epite ŋolo eduyo akɨcwaɨcwaɛt ŋilitaɛ 100 aŋolo-ɛkɨta. Aŋʉn 15 edolete ŋilitaɛ 15/100 = 0.15

ŋɨɛkɨtaɛ, ŋulu-pei ɛrai 1500 ŋasɨkwɛa-mitaɛ.. ɛrai epite ŋolo isitiyaere ŋilitaɛ 1.5 litres/ha ŋulu-pei ɛrai 0.15 ml/m2. Aso, edoli ɛtaŋɨk epei 1500 m2 ka iitani iyoŋ akɨcwaɨcwa 0.15 ml/m2. Aŋʉn, 1500 x 0.15 = 225 ml a ɛkɨtɔɛ aŋolo iitana aŋolo-taŋɨk aŋolo ɛrai ŋilitaɛ 15.



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Ɛtɛsɨt Atipei 21 – Akɨmarʉn ebei ŋolo ka akɨcwaɨcwaɛt Ŋaboŋokineta 1 Ɛrauni ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo a ebei aŋolo a ɛkɨtɔɛ aneni kon $40 kori $30 ɛrai kigyela iyoŋ ŋolo idoŋit neni

a ɛkɨdʉnyɛt. Akisileerekinɛt 1 Iitani iyoŋ 50 x 15 = 750ml ŋolo a ɛkɨtɔɛ. Nyitemokin nai epei-cupa ŋolo a ɛkɨtɔɛ – iitani iyoŋ agyelun ŋicupaɛ ŋɨarei (toraʉ ɛtɔtɔl elita 1) ŋolo

ɛrauni ebei 2 x $20 = $40. Ɨkwa ŋɨna iitanitor iyoŋ ŋilitaɛ 0.75 ŋulu a ɛkɨtɔɛ, iyakaunor 1 – 0.75 = 0.25 ŋilitaɛ (anus a ecupa) ŋolo

idoŋi. Ipedori iyoŋ akitogyelakɨn ɛkɨdʉnyɛt 0.5 x $20 = $10. Iŋes atɛmar ɛrauni ɛtɔtɔl ŋolo a ɛkɨtɔɛ $40 - $10 = $30.



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Acat aŋɨnambaɛ


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Ŋɨmɛsaɛ ŋulu ka akirwan

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Ɛmara ŋolo a ɛmanɨkɔr - Uno How's Farm Visits™ How Module 2 Ngikarimojong 2016 linked.pdf · Agenisi ŋɨna itopoloɛ akwap (USAID).Ŋʉna eya tooma lokɨtaabo ŋolo a TOPS