www.periodni.com

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

Li3

Be4

Na11

Mg12

K19

Ca20

Rb37

Sr38

Cs55

Ba56

Fr87

Ra88

H

IA

IIA

1

2

La57

Lu71

Ce58

Pr59

Nd60 61

Sm62

Eu63

Gd64

Tb65

Dy66

Ho67

Er68

Tm69

Yb70

Pm

Ac89

Th90

Pa91

U92 10393 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

LrNp Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Sc21

Y39

IIIB3

Tc

BhRf Db Hs Mt

1.0079 4.0026

2

107

1817

98

36

54

86

6

C6.941 9.0122 20.18014.007 18.99815.99912.01110.811

B5

Al13

Si14

P15

22.990 24.305 39.94835.45326.982 28.086 30.974 32.065

S16

Ti22

V23

Cr24

Mn25

Fe26

Co27

Ni28

Cu29

Zn30

Ga31

Ge32

As33

Se34

39.098 40.078 44.956 83.79847.867 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.38 69.723 72.64 74.922 78.96 79.904

35

Zr40

Nb41

Mo42

Hf72

Ta73

W74

43

I53

Ru44

Rh45

Pd46

Ag47

Cd48

Re75

Os76

Ir77

Pt78

Au79

Tl81

Pb82

Bi83

Po84

At85

In49

Sn50

Sb51

85.468 87.62 88.906 131.2991.224 92.906 95.96 (98) 126.90101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60

Te52

He

NeN

ArCl

FO

Kr

Xe

Rn

Br

IVB VB VIB VIIB IB IIB

IVA VA VIA VIIA

VIIIB

VIIIA

54

13 14 15 16 17

18

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

IIIA

107104 105 108 109

132.91 137.33 138.91 174.97140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 (222)178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210)200.59

Hg80

Sg106

Ds110

Rg(223) (226) (227) 232.04 231.04 238.03 (262)(237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (272)(267) (268) (277) (276)(271) (281) (280)

111

1

1.0079

1

H

IA1

Ne

Hg

Fe

Tcwww.periodni.com

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PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Absolute zero ........................ -273.15 °C

Avogadro constant ................ 6.0221367 10 mol·23 -1

Base of natural logarithms ..... 2.718281828

Elementary charge ................ 1.60217733 10 C·-19

Electronvolt ........................... 1.6021892 10 J·-19

Faraday constant ................... 96485.309 C mol-1

Constant of gravitation .......... 6.67259 10 Nm kg·-11 2 -2

Molar gas constant ................ 8.314510 J mol K-1 -1

Molar volume of ideal gas ....... 0.02241410 m mol3 -1

Standard pressure ................. 101325 Pa

Pi ........................................... 3.1415926535897932

Planck constants ................... 6.6260755 10 J s·-34

BASIC RULES FOR BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

1. Write down the equation of the chemical reaction, all reactants and products must be known.

2. The total change of the oxidation number of the oxidized atoms must be same as the total change

of the oxidation number of reduced atoms

a) First determine oxidation numbers for every element on both sides of the equation.

b) Write down  the electron-half-reactions for oxidation and reduction processes.

c) Write down the transfer of electrons.

d) Equilibrate charge on the left and right side

e) Check if there are the same numbers of hydrogen and oxygen atoms on the left and right

side, if they aren't equilibrate these atoms by adding water molecules.f ) Br the aing half-reactions to the same number of transferred electrons and make sumdown

3. Sum of the charges on left side must be equal to the right side of the summary equation.

4. Number of atoms for every particular element must be equal on both sides of the summary equation.

- H+

in acidic media by adding s on the side w ere electrons .ion h the are

- OH-

in alkaline media by adding s on the side opposite to one with electrons.ion

of the .half-reactions

PTE

Cn(285)

112

Copyright © 2010 Eni Generalic, SplitCopyright © 2010 Eni Generalic, Split

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

PERIOD

ATOMIC NUMBER SYMBOL

RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS

(IUPAC 1985)GROUP (CAS 1986)GROUP

Metal

Alkali metal

Alkaline earth metal

Transition metals

Lanthanide

Actinide

Chalcogens element

Halogens element

Noble gas

Semimetal Nonmetal

- gas

- liquid

- solid

- synthetic

STANDARD STATE ( °C; 101 kPa)25

PTE

www.periodni.com

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

ww

w.p

erio

dn

i.co

m

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Absolute zero ........................ -273.15 °C

Avogadro constant ................ 6.0221367 10 mol·23 -1

Base of natural logarithms ..... 2.718281828

Elementary charge ................ 1.60217733 10 C·-19

Electronvolt ........................... 1.6021892 10 J·-19

Faraday constant ................... 96485.309 C mol-1

Constant of gravitation .......... 6.67259 10 Nm kg·-11 2 -2

Molar gas constant ................ 8.314510 J mol K-1 -1

Molar volume of ideal gas ....... 0.02241410 m mol3 -1

Standard pressure ................. 101325 Pa

Pi ........................................... 3.1415926535897932

Planck constants ................... 6.6260755 10 J s·-34

BASIC RULES FOR BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

1. Write down the equation of the chemical reaction, all reactants and products must be known.

2. The total change of the oxidation number of the oxidized atoms must be same as the total change

of the oxidation number of reduced atoms

a) First determine oxidation numbers for every element on both sides of the equation.

b) Write down  the electron-half-reactions for oxidation and reduction processes.

c) Write down the transfer of electrons.

d) Equilibrate charge on the left and right side

e) Check if there are the same numbers of hydrogen and oxygen atoms on the left and right

side, if they aren't equilibrate these atoms by adding water molecules.f ) Br the aing half-reactions to the same number of transferred electrons and make sumdown

3. Sum of the charges on left side must be equal to the right side of the summary equation.

4. Number of atoms for every particular element must be equal on both sides of the summary equation.

- H+

in acidic media by adding s on the side w ere electrons .ion h the are

- OH-

in alkaline media by adding s on the side opposite to one with electrons.ion

of the .half-reactions

PTE

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

Li3

Be4

Na11

Mg12

K19

Ca20

Rb37

Sr38

Cs55

Ba56

Fr87

Ra88

H

IA

IIA

1

2

La57

Lu71

Ce58

Pr59

Nd60 61

Sm62

Eu63

Gd64

Tb65

Dy66

Ho67

Er68

Tm69

Yb70

Pm

Ac89

Th90

Pa91

U92 10393 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

LrNp Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Sc21

Y39

IIIB3

Tc

BhRf Db Hs Mt

1.0079 4.0026

2

107

1817

98

36

54

86

6

C6.941 9.0122 20.18014.007 18.99815.99912.01110.811

B5

Al13

Si14

P15

22.990 24.305 39.94835.45326.982 28.086 30.974 32.065

S16

Ti22

V23

Cr24

Mn25

Fe26

Co27

Ni28

Cu29

Zn30

Ga31

Ge32

As33

Se34

39.098 40.078 44.956 83.79847.867 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.38 69.723 72.64 74.922 78.96 79.904

35

Zr40

Nb41

Mo42

Hf72

Ta73

W74

43

I53

Ru44

Rh45

Pd46

Ag47

Cd48

Re75

Os76

Ir77

Pt78

Au79

Tl81

Pb82

Bi83

Po84

At85

In49

Sn50

Sb51

85.468 87.62 88.906 131.2991.224 92.906 95.96 (98) 126.90101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60

Te52

He

NeN

ArCl

FO

Kr

Xe

Rn

Br

IVB VB VIB VIIB IB IIB

IVA VA VIA VIIA

VIIIB

VIIIA

54

13 14 15 16 17

18

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

IIIA

107104 105 108 109

132.91 137.33 138.91 174.97140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 (222)178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210)200.59

Hg80

Sg106

Ds110

Rg(223) (226) (227) 232.04 231.04 238.03 (262)(237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (272)(267) (268) (277) (276)(271) (281) (280)

111

1

1.0079

1

H

IA1

Ne

Hg

Fe

Tcwww.periodni.com

ww

w.p

erio

dn

i.co

m

Copyright © 2010 Eni Generalic, Split

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

PERIOD

ATOMIC NUMBER SYMBOL

RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS

(IUPAC 1985)GROUP (CAS 1986)GROUP

Metal

Alkali metal

Alkaline earth metal

Transition metals

Lanthanide

Actinide

Chalcogens element

Halogens element

Noble gas

Semimetal Nonmetal

- gas

- liquid

- solid

- synthetic

STANDARD STATE ( °C; 101 kPa)25

PTE

Cn(285)

112

Copyright © 2010 Eni Generalic, SplitCopyright © 2010 Eni Generalic, Split