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March11Event

TheGreatEast‐JapanEarthquakeandtheresultingtsunamisstrucktheFukushimaDaiichiNuclearPowerPlantofTEPCOonMarch11,2011.Thiscausedanuclearaccidentthatwasunprecedented:thesimultaneousprogressionofsevereaccidentsatmultipleunitsandthecontinuationofaccidentoveranextendedperiodoftime.ThefactthatthisaccidenthasraisedconcernsaroundtheworldaboutthesafetyofnuclearpowergenerationisamatterwhichJapantakeswiththeutmostseriousnessandremorse.Inthefaceofthishardship,Japanhasreceivedsupportsandexpressionsofsolidarityfromaroundtheworld.IwouldliketoexpressJapan’ssinceregratitudetoyou.

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Notice:GLOBALOrganizingCommittee decidedto reschedulethemeetingperiodasDec.11‐16,2011atMakuhari,becauseofthe nuclearpowerplantaccidentinJapan.

ResponsibilityofNuclearCommunityinJapan

MakeeveryefforttoStabilizethesituationattheFukushimaplantsRecoverthelifeofpeopleinFukushima,wheremanypeoplehavebeentraumatizedbytherelocation,thebreakdowninsocialcontacts,fearandanxietyaboutwhathealtheffectsmightresultfromtheexposuretoradiationduetothecontaminationoftheirenvironmentcausedbytheaccidentRecoverthepublictrustuponthenuclearsafetymanagementsysteminJapan,reorganizingitbasedonthelessonslearnedfromtheevent.

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Full-scale water treatment facilityWaste management

Reactors

Spent fuel pools

Accumulated contaminated water

Stable cooling- Prevention of

hydrogen explosion- Injection of water

Cold shutdown state-Cooling by injection of circulating water

Secure storage- Installation of storage

facilities/decontamination processing

Mar.11 Apr.17Step 1 started.

Stable cooling- Remote-control operation- Circulating cooling system

July.19 Completion of Step 1 declared

・・targets completed

Confine and control radioactivity releases

More stable cooling

Reduction of amount of contaminated water- Expansion of processing capacity- Mitigation of ocean contamination

Protection against corrosion/cracking of structural materials

Removal of fuels

Introduction of CV atmosphere control

Step 2before the end of this year

Mid-and Long-termProgram

Step 1 Around 3 monthsTarget

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RoadmaptowardsRestorationfromtheAccidentattheSiteDevelopedonMay17

Radioactivityrelease

Decreasebycoolingfuel

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ExampleActivity0 Probing the inside of RPV and

taking samples

Necessary Technology R&D0 Decontaminate the building 0 Reestablish leak tightness0 Remotely probe and take samples in

high radiation area0 Clarify properties of debris/material 0 Treat contaminated water and waste

Spentfuel pool

DS pit

CV

Torus room

Overhead crane

Container

Work platform

Expansion pipeDebris storage drum

Camera, cutting, digging, gripping and suction equipment

probing and sampling tool

DeliberationofArrangementtoRemoveSFsandCoreDebrisandTechnologyR&DProgramsnecessary

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MeasuresforOff‐siteRemediationTodecreaseexistingandpotentialannualexposures,weshouldpursue;

• Reducingthenumberofexposedpeople• Modifyingpathwaysofcontaminanttoapeople• Removingexistingsourcesbydecontamination.

TheprioritychoicestheGovernmentispursuingarea. Restrictionofinhabitingintheareawhereexpectedannual

additionaldoseislargerthan20mSv;b. Strictshippingcontrolforagriculturalproducts,animalproducts

andmarineproductsthroughradiologicalsurveysc. Step‐by‐stepdecontaminationofthepeoples’environment.

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StrategyforDecontaminationofPeoples’Environment

Reducethesizeoftheareaswhereestimatedadditionalannualexposureislargerthan20mSv andresidentshavebeenalreadyevacuatedthroughstepbystepdecontaminationactivitiesbasedontheresultsofdemonstrationactivities.Reducetheadditionalannualexposurebelow1mSv onalongtermbasisinnon‐restrictedareaswhereitisbelow20mSv.Pursuingwideareadecontaminationinhighlycontaminatedareasandlocalizeddecontaminationinrelativelylowcontaminationareas,identifyinghotspotssuchasthoselocationswheresludgeinthedrainsorguttershascollected.Pursuingexhaustivedecontaminationofchildren's’environment(schools,playgrounds,etc.),aimingatreducingtheirannualadditionalexposureto1mSv assoonaspossible.

IAEA Original English

MISSION REPORT

THE GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE EXPERT MISSION

IAEA INTERNATIONAL FACT FINDING EXPERT MISSION OF THE

FUKUSHIMA DAI-ICHI NPP ACCIDENT FOLLOWING THE GREAT EAST JAPAN

EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI

Tokyo, Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP, Fukushima Dai-ni NPP and Tokai Dai-ni NPP, Japan

24 May – 2 June 2011

IAEA MISSION REPORT

DIVISION OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATION SAFETY

DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR SAFETY AND SECURITY

IAEA'sInternationalExpertMissiononRemediation

InternationalSymposiumonDecontaminationcosponsoredbyIAEAandNEAheldinFukushimaon16

October2011

InternationalSupportsandAdvices

AirborneMonitoringByUSDOE

ParticipationinRiskCommunicationActivitiesatFukushimabyRadiation

SafetyExpertsincludingICRPMembers

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RootCausesoftheAccidentNuclearregulatorandoperators,whowereshywithprobabilisticanalysis,failedtolettheexpertsoftsunamiknowthenecessityofhavinginformationaboutatsunamithathasafrequencyofexceedanceoflessthan1in10,000years.

Before2000theexpertsoftsunamihadbeeninterestedinfindingthehistoricalmaximumtsunamiheightatagivensitewithlimitedresourcesavailable.However,nuclearpeoplehadutilizeditasadesignbasiswithoutpayingdueattentiontothelimitation.

Nuclearregulatorandoperators alsofailedtorecognizetheemergingneedfordefense‐in‐depthfeaturesthatwouldpreventadisproportionateincreaseinradiologicalconsequencesfromanappropriaterangeofeventsthataremoreseverethanthedesignbasiseventincludingterroristattacks,i.e.theneedforsevereaccidentmitigationfeaturesthatshouldpreventsevereexternaleventscausingprolongedstationblackout.

NuclearSafetyandSecurityAgency

TheCabinetdecidedtocreate“NuclearSafetyandSecurityAgency(NSSA)(tentative)”nextAprilasanaffiliatedorganizationoftheMinistryofEnvironment,separatingthenuclearsafetyregulationsectionoftheNuclearandIndustrySafetyAgency(NISA)fromtheMinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustry(METI)andintegratingthefunctionoftheNuclearSafetyCommission(NSC).TheNSSAwillbeinchargeofsafetyregulationontheuseofreactorsandnuclearfuelmaterials,nuclearsecurity,leadingfunctioninenvironmentalmonitoringandcrisismanagementincludingemergencyresponses.

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CompensationofDamageCausedbytheAccidentTheLawsaythatplantoperatorliabilityisexclusive,absolute andunlimited.Thegovernmentmayrelievetheoperatorofliabilityifitdeterminesthatdamageresultsfrom“agravenaturaldisasterofanexceptionalcharacter”.

Thegovernment,judgingthattheaccidentwasaman‐madedisaster(tobeprecise,TEPCOaskedtheGovernmenttopostponethelegaldecisionoftheapplicabilityofthereliefclauserelatedwithagravenaturaldisastertoexpeditethedamagecompensation),setupanewstate‐backedinstitutioncalledNuclearDamageLiabilityFacilitationFundtoexpeditepaymentstothoseaffected.TheFundreceivesfinancialcontributionsfromnuclearpowerplantoperatorsinJapan,andfromthegovernmentthroughspecialbondsthattotalJPY5trillion($62billion).TheprovisionforcontributionsfromnuclearoperatorsissimilartothatintheUSA.

TheTEPCOhavetopayaspecialannualfeeforthegovernmentsupport,maintainingadequatepowersuppliesanddecreasingfixedassetsintocashastheneedarises. 12

InternationalResponses0 Stresstestsorequivalentreviewstodeterminecapabilitytohandlebeyonddesignbasiseventsincludingsevereaccident

0 TheIAEAadoptedthe12‐PointActionPlanonNuclearSafety.Intheactionplan,weallagreedtoworkhardforstrongerinternationalsafetystandards.

0 AkeyissueshouldbehowtoandhowquicklytoachieveaharmonizationoftechnicalsafetystandardsamongmemberstatessothateverybodywilladoptakeylessonlearnedatFukushima,thatis,theneedforenoughthicknessofdefense‐in‐depthindesignandoperationofnuclearfacilitiestopreparefortheworstandenjoythebenefitofnuclearpowerunderenhancedsafetyframework.

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TheGLOBAL2011isthe10thAnniversaryoftheGLOBALConferenceSeriesThatStartedat

Seattlein1993.

AkeynotespeakerofSeattleGLOBAL,Dr.WolfHaefele,whowasthefatherofGermanfastbreederprogramargued;Thefirstwaveofnuclearpowerdeploymentswithanopenfuelcycleisdestinedtosaturateattheshareunder20%ofglobalelectricityproduction,becausenuclearpowerwasputintoanexistingtechnicalandinstitutionalinfrastructurecharacterizedbytheuseofoil,coalandgas.Toprepareourselvesforevolutionorevenrevolutioninthefuture,spentfuelshouldbetentativelystoredinternationally,asonecannottreatnuclearpowerlikechemicalpower,uraniumlikeyellowcoal.

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EstablishmentofGenerationIVInternationalForum(GIF)

Therationales:a. Prospectsforenergyneedsshowthepossibilityofastrongly

increasingdemandfornuclearpower.Insuchahypothesis,sustainabilitybecomesapredominantconcern,whichmeansthatpreservationofnaturalresources,wasteminimizationandproliferationresistancearecriteriaasimportantaseconomyandsafety:

b. Otherapplicationsofnuclearenergythanelectricityproductionaretobeconsidered,inparticular,hydrogenproduction,industrialuseofheatordesalination:and

c. Thedevelopmentofnewsystemswilltaketimeandrequirevalidationanddemonstration.Therefore,thetargetforindustrialscaleapplicationswas2030orlater.

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EstablishmentoftheInternationalProjectonInnovativeNuclearReactors

andFuelCycles(INPRO)Itintendstobringtogethernucleartechnologyholdersanduserstoconsiderjointlyinternationalandnationalactionsthatwouldresultinrequiredinnovationsinnuclearreactors,fuelcyclesorinstitutionalapproaches.Ithasattainedaremarkablesuccessinbringingabouttheunderstandingofthefuturedevelopmentofnuclearenergysystemsfromanational,regionalandglobalperspective.

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WaytoCombatGlobalWarming

0 IPCC:reductionsofatleast50%inglobalCO2 emissionscomparedto2000levelswillneedtobeachievedby2050tolimitthelong‐termglobalaveragetemperaturerisetobetween2.0Cand2.4C.

0 TheIEAstudiedtheleast‐costmeansofachievingthegoalofhalvingglobalenergy‐relatedCO2emissionsby2050(comparedto2005levels)throughthedeploymentofexistingandnewlow‐carbontechnologies.

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OurObligationTrainyounggenerationofnuclearscientistsandengineerswhoaretosustainthedevelopmentandutilizationofnuclearenergytowardthefuturePromotecarefullyplannedyethighlyaggressivelong‐termresearchanddevelopmentprogramsthatexploitanuclearenergy’sinnatefeature,namely,itseconomicallyharvestableresourcebasegoodforamillenniumofworldenergysupplybyclosingthefuelcycle.• Produceaconceptualdesignofafastreactoranditsfuelcyclesystemthatcansatisfytheperformancegoalsofsafety,economy,sustainability,andproliferationresistanceandoperateitsprototypesystembefore2030.

• Exploreadvancedreprocessingtechnologythatcanefficientlyrecovermineractinides(MAs)aswellasplutoniumfromspentfuelandadvancedtechnologytofabricatefueltoburnsuchmaterialsinfastneutronsystems.

GIFandINPROshouldcooperateforpursuingsustainabilityofnucleartechnologyrealizingsustainablenuclearenergytechnologywithsuchcharacteristics.

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20kizuna

Solidarity

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PlansforEvacuationAreaTheGovernmenthasstarted onedemonstrationdecontaminationprojectineverymunicipalareatotryvariousapproachesandestablishtheguidelinefortheirwidespreadimplementation.Asforagriculturalland,theMinistryofAgriculture,ForestryandFisherieshaspromotedactivitiestoverifytheeffectivenessofvariousdecontaminationtechnologiestobeappliedtocontaminateagriculturalfields.Basedontheresultsofsuchprojects,theGovernmentwillstartafull‐scaledecontaminationactivitybeforetheendoftheyearincooperationwiththemunicipalgovernmentssothatdisplacedpeoplecanreturnhomeassoonaspossible,thoughitwillbenecessarytorestoretheoperationofpublicservicesessentialforlivingbeforeremovingtherestrictionofentrance.

OverviewoftheGenerationIVSystems

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ProjectednuclearcapacityintheNEAhighandlowscenarios