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MARIE SKLODOWSKA CURIE
MARIE CURIE
Marie Sklodowska Curie was born in Warsaw,
Poland on November 7, 1867. She had two daughters
named Irène and Eve with her husband Pierre, who
was also her experiment and work partner. She
passed away July 4, 1934 in Savoy, France. She died
of “radiation” anemia, a blood disease that often
results from exposure to large amounts of radiation.
SCHOOLING
She began to her living through private tutoring.
She became associated with the “Floating University,” a
group of young men and women who tried to quench their
thirst for knowledge in secret sessions.
By the time Marie was twenty-four she was able to move to
Paris and enroll at the prestigious Sorbonne. She studied
hard in chemistry, math, and physics and within three years
time she had earned her Masters degree.
SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS
She gained a gold medal upon completing her secondary
education in 1883.
By mid-1897 Curie's scientific achievements were two university
degrees, a fellowship (a scholarship), and a monograph (published
paper) on the magnetization of tempered steel.
Marie’s discoveries also led to a new era for medical knowledge
and the treatment of diseases.
She won the Nobel Prize twice for Physics and Chemistry. She
was the first female to earn the Nobel Prize twice.
RADIOACTIVITY
The couple's first daughter, Irène, had just been born, and it
was then that the Curies turned their attention to the
mysterious radiation from uranium recently discovered by
Antoine Henri Becquerel. It was Marie's hunch that the
radiation was an atomic property, and therefore had to be
present in some other elements as well. Her search soon
established the fact of a similar radiation from thorium, and she
invented the historic word "radioactivity" (the spontaneous
release of radium).
THE DISCOVERY OF POLONIUM AND RADIUM
While searching for other sources of radioactivity, the Curies had
turned their attention to pitchblende, a mineral well known for its
uranium content. To their immense surprise the radioactivity of
pitchblende far exceeded the combined radioactivity of the uranium
and thorium contained in it. From their laboratory two papers reached
the Academy of Sciences within six months. The first, read at the
meeting of July 18, 1898, announced the discovery of a new radioactive
element, which the Curies named polonium after Marie's native
country. The other paper, announcing the discovery of radium, was read
at the December 26 meeting.
THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Radium was also used by scientists for experiments
on atoms. They confirmed what Marie had suspected
- the powerful energy that showed up in radioactivity
was a fundamental property of every atom of matter.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
“Marie Curie.”Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921. Elsevier
Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1967.
“Marie Curie.” Encyclopedia of World Biography. Advameg, Inc.
2010. 19 Oct, 2010.
http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_mla_for
mat_examples.shtml
“Madame Marie Curie.” Essortment. Pagewise. 2002. 19 Oct, 2010.
http://www.essortment.com/all/curiemariewher_opu.htm
“Physics: Marie Curie.” On Truth and Reality. 19 Oct, 2010.
http://www.spaceandmotion.com/physics-marie-curie-biography.htm