Part 1: Jobs and Incomes- Upward mobility: the ability to move to a higher social class, for example by becoming richer.- To lag: to move or advance so slowly that you are behind other people or things.- To eschew: /ɪsˈtʃu/ to avoid something intentionally, or to give up something.- Carried interest: profits made by a financial fund that are considered to be capital gains (profits made by selling

property or an investment) and are taxed at a different rate to ordinary income. Part 2: Trade and Globalization

- To upend: to invalidate, destroy, or change completely; overthrow.- Liberal: progressive, as opposed to conservative. - Tariffs: a charge or list of charges either for services or on goods entering a country.- To dent: to have an adverse effect on; diminish.

Part 3: Taxes- Tax brackets: a range of similar incomes used to calculate the rate of income tax that people must pay. - To cap: to prevent from growing or spreading.- Tax deductions: an amount or cost that can be subtracted from someone's income before calculating how much

tax they owe.- Corporate tax rates: a tax on the income or capital of corporations.

Part 4: Social security and Medicare- Federal outlays: expenditures by the central government. - Retirees: a person who has stopped working.- Solvency gap: the state of not having enough money to pay everything that is owed. - Benefits: a helpful service given to employees in addition to their pay or to someone else who needs help.

Part 5: National debt- To soar: to increase or go up quickly to a high level.- Appropriations: an amount of money kept separate to use for a particular purpose, especially by a government. - To chide: to speak to someone severely because the person has behaved badly.- To balance a budget: to avoid deficits.

Part 6: Border walls and Immigration- To pledge: to formally promise. - To waffle: to keep changing your decisions about something so that no clear decision is made.- An overhaul: the action of repairing or improving something so it works well. - An executive order: in the US, an official instruction given by the president or by a state's governor.

Part 7: Infrastructure- To kickstart: to make something start to happen. - Stalled: delayed or put off. - To lift restrictions: to end restrictions. - To patch up: to repair.

Part 8: Monetary policy and the Federal Reserve- Bond: an official document that states you will be paid a certain amount of money because you have lent money

to a government or company. - Easy-money policies: a policy by a country's central bank of reducing interest rates to make money cheaper to

borrow.- To spike: to suddenly increase. - To join the fray: to join the fight or argument.

Part 9: Paying for college- Loans: an act of lending something, especially a sum of money that that has to be paid back with interest.- To be on the hook: liable, responsible, or blamed. - To default: to fail to do something, such as pay a debt, that you legally have to do.- Defunct: no longer existing.

Part 10: The federal minimum wage- Tussles: arguments. - A party platform: the things politicians say they believe in and will achieve if they are elected. - To gain traction: to gain the support, interest, etc. that is needed for something to succeed or make progress.

- A plank: an important principle on which the activities of a political or other group are based.