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Michèle Barbier
Mediterranean Science Commission - CIESM
Marine bioprospecting challenges, examples from the Mediterranean
The “Rendez-vous“ de Concarneau“Where Industry meets Science”, 28-29 August, 2012
A network of 4500 associate researchers in 520 Institutes
long term commitment scientific research at the Basin scale for an Independent advice to society
The Mediterranean Science Commission ‐ CIESM
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Our Priorities: Environmental, biological and societal integrated research
C1MARINE
GEOSCIENCEC3
MARINEBIOGEOCHEMISTRY
C4MARINE
MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
C2 PHYSICS & CLIMATE
OF THE OCEAN
C5LIVING RESOURCES
& MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
C6 COASTAL
ECOSYSTEMS
Coastal Dynamics
Marine biodiversityObserving the sea
Earth, Ocean & Atmosphere
Beyond Science …
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• important biodiversity• huge variety of habitats, including extreme environments • related biological adaptation mechanisms
Mud volcanoes - (Western Basin) Menes Caldera (Eastern Basin)
=> great potential for Bio-mining and industrial applications
The Mediterranean - great opportunity for blue biotech
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implies shared governance, equitable access,
benefits sharing.
a Sea shared between EUEU and non EU countriesnon EU countries
CIESM - Commitment to equal opportunities across the Basin
Exploratory WK on benefit sharing, a Med perspective
MBT, 3(5) Giuliano, Barbier & Briand F. Eds, 2010
Joint EC-US and CIESM workshop, 2008
VDC podcast
CIESM Copyrighthttp://www.http://www.ciesmciesm.org.org
Marine Genetic Resources - MGRs
• Scientific research - understanding, monitoring marine diversity, ecosystem functioning and process,
• Commercial use - exploitation of MGRs for product development (direct or indirect use) for sale.
Access and use - Benefit sharing - Sustainable use of MGRs
The Nagoya CoP10 logo
CIESM eforum, 2012
http://www.ciesmseaforum.org
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• IPR & Ethics - CBD/Nagoya Protocol, ABS , National Juridi./ Open sea, Commercial/ non commercial use, Open access
• Joint Venture for Blue Biotech - SMEs, Large Companies, Public institutions,
• Sustainable use of MGRs - Communication between industry, research - Governance
Access and use of MGRsSelected challenges
Test case: the MICROB3 project
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• innovative bioinformatic approaches • legal framework • large-scale data on marine microbes metagenomes accessible for marine ecosystems biology • define new targets for biotechnological applications
http://www.microb3.eu/
MicroB3 - key points
-Partnership between large Cie, SMEs, research institutions and inter governmental organisations
-EU-FP7 project (2012-2015)- Coordination: MPI MM
Joint Venture for Blue Biotech - IPR & Ethics - Sustainable use of MGRs
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Decipher microbial diversity and function Identify ocean-derived biotechnologies
Compliance with CBD and Nagoya Protocol / ABSTraining activities, registry of sampling sites
Collaborative simultaneaous sampling campaigns for Metagenomics analysis and associated contextual / environmental data
June 21st, 2014 summer solstice
Ocean Sampling Day
Sampling - Red Sea
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• Coordination, logistics, advertisement (Univ. Oxford)• Protocols standardization / interoperability (sampling, sequencing, etc.)• Infrastructures (Bioarchiving, respositories, metadata)• OSD metadata available in the public domain• legal aspect (data policies, ABS implementation, compliance with laws)
Challenges of this World wide initiative
Nitrogen freezers housed in the NMNH’s Biorepository
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Earth Microbiome Project (standardization/sequencing)Genomic Observatories networkGlobal Genome Initiative (bioarchiving)
• Open call for sampling contribution (to come)• Sampling protocols tests in 2012, 2013• International Cooperation
Preparatory Phase - 1
Scientific (sampling, sequencing, annotating…)
http://oceansamplingday.blogspot.co.uk/
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CIESM, IUCN Environmental law CenterK.U. Louvain, Centre de philosophie du DroitUniv. Bremen, Center for European Environmental law
Preparatory Phase - 2
Legal (access, use…)
• Nagoya Protocol (National jurisdiction)• Non commercial and commercial use• Multidisciplinary working group
and external cooperation
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•ｷProvide evidence of origin of a resource and legal provenance (country, and evidence of PIC for its use) (Art. 17)
•ｷ Identify the sources that cover MGR provided by primary sources and secondary sources: ex situ collections, databases on genetic resources and scientific litterature. (Art. 17)
•ｷTrack flows/monitoring of the utilisation of genetic resources. (Art. 13 & 17)
•ｷDefine PIC, MAT and/or fair and equitable benefit sharing (art. 6) -Need to identify a market use of resources and TK: biopharmaceuticals, cosmetics, processed food
•ｷDemonstrate compliance with domestic ABS legislation (Art. 5 & 16)
Minimum Requirement for ABS
CIESM CopyrightPrior Informed Consent (PIC)Prior Informed Consent (PIC)
User of GR(& associated TK):
e.g. industry, research institutes,
universities
User of GR(& associated TK):
e.g. industry, research institutes,
universities
Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT) between provider and user
• Non-commercial or commercial utilization of GR (& associated TK): e.g. basic research, research and development, development of new pharmaceuticals,
biotechnological products • Benefit-Sharing (monetary & non-monetary): e.g.
royalties, technology transfer, training
Mutually Agreed Terms Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT) between provider and user
• Non-commercial or commercial utilization of GR (& associated TK): e.g. basic research, research and development, development of new pharmaceuticals,
biotechnological products • Benefit-Sharing (monetary & non-monetary): e.g.
royalties, technology transfer, training
Provider of GR (& associated TK):
e.g. National Competent Authority
Provider of GR (& associated TK):
e.g. National Competent Authority
Intermediaries in either provider or user country: e.g.
research institutes, universities, botanical gardens, ex situ
collections
MicroB3 - Legal aspect
=> Model agreements on Access to Marine Genetic resources, Benefit sharing and subsequent treatement of Materials/data(Non commercial or commercial use / National territories)
• less legally binding (there are no legal obligations to enforce a code of conduct and no penalty for violation)
• however it is morally-binding => interesting transient instrument
• useful umbrella for MicroB3 model contractual clause to countryproviders (WP8)
• a set of 8 principles (code of conduct) to be signed by each OSDparticipants
=> A Mediterranean Chart, a ‘’code of conduct’’• refering to Art. 20 of Nagoya Protocol• such an ‘instrument’ is already implemented (MOSAICC)CIESM Copyright
“The Mediterranean Code of Conduct”
’The Mediterranean Code of conduct' is a Chart which CIESM applies in our part of the world and which we hope to see applied in all European waters ’
Frédéric Briand, CIESM, Directeur Général
'The 8 principles of the Mediterranean Code of conduct’
- Principle 1 - Principle of Equity and Fairness- Principle 2 - Principle of Transparency and Traceability - Principle 3 - Principle of Concerted Handling of Commons- Principle 4 - Principle of Reciprocal Relations- Principle 5 - Principle of Nature Conservation- Principle 6 - Principle of Legality/liability- Principle 7 - Principle of Efficiency- Principle 8 - Principle of Certainty
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