HarryV.Strehlow

MarineRecrea*onalFisheries-DataCollec*onHarryV.Strehlow1&KieranHyder21ThünenIns*tuteofBal*cSeaFisheries2CefasLowesto?

Athens,06.10.2015

HarryV.Strehlow

Whyisrecrea>onalfisheriesimportant?

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•  Highvalue–spendbillions€

•  Largenumbers–usersofthemarineenvironment

•  Removals–impactonachievingmanagementobjec*ves(MSY)

•  Management&alloca*onofresourcesbetweensectors

Hyderetal.(2014).ICESINSIGHT51:8-15

HarryV.Strehlow

EuropeanRSF:numbers,par>cipa>on&effort

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Category Total Atlan*c MedNumbers(millions) 8.00(-) 6.02(+/-) 1.98(---)Par*cipa*on(%) 1.53 1.71 1.16Ac*vity(milliondays) 47.9(-) 39.5(+/-) 12.3(---)

HarryV.Strehlow

EuropeanRSF:directexpenditure

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Category Total Atlan*c MedExpenditure(billion€) 5.18(--)4.51(+/-) 0.67(---)Spendperangler(€) 654 755 344

HarryV.Strehlow

Legisla>on

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EuropeanMemberStatesobligedtocollectrecrea*onalfisheriesdata:

-  (EC)No1639/2001-  (EC)2008/949-  2010/93/EU-  C(2013)5243

Ø  cod,salmon,bluefintuna,eel,sharks,seabass

Ø  Recommeda*onsfromICESEGsWGRFSandWGBAST⇒seatrout,Europeanlobster,pollackgroupers,Sparidae,Cephalopods

HarryV.Strehlow

Terminology

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Defini*on:(ICESWGRFS)

Recrea&onalfishingisthecaptureora3emptedcaptureoflivingaqua&cresourcesmainlyforleisureand/orpersonalconsump1on.Thiscoversac1vefishingmethodsincludingline,spear,andhand–gathering,andpassivefishingmethodsincludingnets,traps,pots,andset–lines.

Recrea*onalfishingac*vi*esarecarriedoutfromdifferentplahorms:

-  land-based-  sea-based

Mediterranean:EC1967/2006Ar*cle17

Theuseofnets…shallbeprohibitedforleisurefisheries.

HarryV.Strehlow

Challengesfordatacollec>on

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Datagapsàrecrea>onalfisheriesdatapatchyand/orlackingcompletely!1.  nocentralregistra*onofrecrea*onalfishers

2.  recrea*onalcatchesnotdocumented

3.  recrea*onalfishersfishinremoteandhardtoaccessareas

4.  Surveysdifficult&expensive

5.  Manycountriesexploitthesamestock

HarryV.Strehlow

Fishingsurveymethods

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•  Challengingstats(design-basedprobabilitysampling)àneedanexpert

•  Lowpar*cipa*onrateàdifficulttogetarepresenta*vesample

•  Differentdesigns:

-  List(e.g.licence)–sampleatrandom&recruitpanel,thenraisetopopula*on

- Nolist–separatesurveysofeffort&catchperuniteffort

HarryV.Strehlow

Surveydesignandbias

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•  Coverage

•  Self-selec*on

•  Non-response

•  Recall

•  Avidity

•  Speciesiden*fica*on(highvaluespecies)

•  Inclusionprobability

•  Rounding/digit

•  Telescoping,Pres*ge

•  Fluctua*on(drop-outs/drop-ins)

HarryV.Strehlow

Exkurs:surveydesignandbias

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Biasmayoccuronmanylevels:

1.Surveydesign

•  Doesmysamplingframecoverthetargetpopula*on?àcoverageerror,e.g.tourists,illegalfishersetc

•  Ismysamplingprocedureprobabilitybased?àe.g.self-selec*onbias,over-andunderes*ma*on

HarryV.Strehlow

Exkurs:surveydesignandbias

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Biasmayoccuronmanylevels:

2.Implementa>on

•  Arethereprotocolsfortheselec*onofsubsamples?àSelec*onerror,e.g.individuals,*mes,boatsetc

•  Areresponseratesrecordedandevaluated?ànonresponsebias

•  Istherecallperiodappropriate?àrecallbias;e.g.doesrecallperiodmatchfishingseason

•  Speciesiden*fica*on,high-valuespecies

HarryV.Strehlow

Exkurs:surveydesignandbias

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Biasmayoccuronmanylevels:

3.Analysis

•  Doesthees*ma*onprocedurefollowthesurveydesign?àInclusionprobability,e.g.accesspointssampledwiththesameprobability

•  Hasthedatabeenweighted?àcorrec*onfornonresponse/aviditybias

•  Havedrop-insordrop-outsbeenconsidered?àfluctua*onbias

HarryV.Strehlow

Recrea>onalfisherydatause

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Ø  Inclusioninstockassessments

Ø  Designandevalua*onofmanagementmeasures(e.g.baglimit)

Ø  Designandevalua*onofmanagementplansandstrategies

Ø  Marinespa*alplanning

⇒ Co-Management

(recrea*onal&commercialfishery)

HarryV.Strehlow

Managementparadox

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MaximumTotalSa*sfac*on(MTS) MaximumSustainableYield(MSY)

VS

Compe*ngobjec*vesarenotalwayscompa*ble,somayrequiretrade-offsbetweensectors

HarryV.Strehlow

Endusersofrecrea>onalfisherydata

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Ø  ICESexpertgroups(WGRFS,WGNAS,WGBAST,WGBFAS,WGCSE,WGEEL)

Ø  EUCommission(DGMARE,DGEnvironment)

Ø  Na*onalGovernments

Ø  Na*onalandinterna*onalrecrea*onalfishingbodies

Ø  Na*onalandinterna*onalcommercialfisheriesbodies

Ø  AdvisoryCouncils(e.g.MEDAC,Bal*cSeaAC,NorthSeaAC)

Ø  …

HarryV.Strehlow

Whatrecrea>onalfisherydataisneeded...

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…tosupporttheCFP?

Es&ma&onofrecrea&onalfisherycatches

•  totalnumberofrecrea*onalfishers,charterboats,fishingtripsetc

•  CPUE(orcatchperpersonorperboat)

•  Biologicaldataoncatches–sizeoragecomposi*on

•  Demographicandavidity(frequencyoffishing)data

Economicvalueofrecrea&onalfishing

•  Directexpendituredatabyspendcategories

•  Marginalvaluesassociatedwithachangeinstock

HarryV.Strehlow

Typesofsurveys

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Screeningsurvey

•  samplefromabroadcoverageframelikeresiden*alhouseholds•  Recruitfishingpar*cipantsàpanelsurvey

Off-site Pros Cons

RandomDigitDialing(RDD)

•  Completecoveragepossible

•  Accurateeffortdata

•  Mobilephonesmaybeexcluded•  Expensive•  Poten*alnonresponse

Mailsurvey •  Mostcompletecoveragepossible

•  Cheap

•  Inefficient•  Highnonresponse

Online •  Easy•  Cheap

•  Fishingbehaviourmaynotmatchgeneralpopula*on

HarryV.Strehlow

Typesofsurveys

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On-site Pros Cons

Accesspoint(fixedpoint)interceptsurvey

•  Highpar*cipa*onrate•  Norecallbias•  Completedfishingday•  Accuratecatchdata

•  Possibleundercoveragebias

•  Expensive

Roving(diffusedpoint)creelsurvey

•  Highpar*cipa*onrates•  Norecallbias

•  Uncompletedfishingday•  Expensive

Visual Pros Cons

Aerial/boatsurvey •  Coverslargeareas•  Usefullforheatmaps

•  Veryexpensive•  Onlyforeffort

Camerasurvey •  Inexpensive•  Coversen*refishingday

•  Vandalism•  Weather

HarryV.Strehlow

Recommenda>ons

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Ø  Regionalcoopera*onbetweencountriesisneeded

Ø  Adoptdefini*onforMediterranean

Ø  Combina*onofon-siteandoff-siteapproaches

Ø  Mul*speciesdatashouldbecollected

Ø  Includeeconomicvalueandsocialbenefits(every5years)

Ø  Datacollec*ondefinedoncase-by-casebasis

Ø  Samplingwithcommercialsmall-scalefisheriessurveys

Ø  SeekexpertadvicefromICES

HarryV.Strehlow06.10.2015 MEDAC–Recrea*onalFisheriesSeite20

Thankyou!

harry.strehlow@*.bund.de

WGRFSistheICESWorkingGrouponRecrea*onalFisheriesSurveys:

hsp://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGRFS.aspx

WeareseekingnewmembersintheMediterranean!