820 F. General OLR(1979)26(12)

79:6312 Cabelli, V. J., A. P, Dufour, M. A. Levin, L. J.

McCabe and P. W. Haberman, 1979. Relation- ship of microbial indicators to health effects at marine bathing beaches. Am. J. publ. Hlth, 69(7): 690-696.

In an epidemiological- microbiological study conducted at New York City beaches as part of an EPA program to develop health effects and recreational water quality criteria, swimmers had higher symptom rates (gastrointestinal, respiratory, 'other' and 'disabling') than nonswimmers, and the rate of gastrointestinal symptoms was significantly higher in swimmers at a 'barely acceptable' beach than at a 'relatively unpolluted beach.' Marine Field Station, Health Effects Research Laboratory-Cin., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Liberty Lane, West Kingston,R.l. 02892, U.S.A. (smf)

Numerical results covering a range of excitation frequencies are given in graphic form. Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C. 27650, U.S.A. (rlo)

79:6316 Vandiver, J. K. and Shuhei Mitome, 1979. Effect of

liquid storage tanks on the dynamic response of offshore platforms. Appl. Ocean Res., 1(2): 67-74.

A simple model is proposed for evaluating the damping effects on the dynamic response of a fixed offshore structure resulting from the motions of stored liquids. Optimization (to provide both storage and stability) of storage tank design is discussed and full scale field tests are reported. Department of Ocean Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139, U.S.A. (rio)

14. Engineering and industry

79:6313 Hoeg, Kaare, ed., 1979. [North Sea state-of-the-art.]

Mar. Geotechnol., 3(3)(I ): 199-314; 2 papers.

The initial two papers of a four-paper series on geotechnical engineering in the North Sea discuss the procedures involved in determining soil parameters utilized in foundation engineering and the development of pile foundations for large structures. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Norway. (rio)

79:6314 Mei, Chiang C., M, A. Foda and P. Tong, 1979.

Exact and hybrid-element solutions for the vibra- tion of a thin elastic structure seated on the sea floor. Appl. Ocean Res., 1(2): 79-88.

Exact analytical solutions employing linear acoustic and beam theories are presented for comparison to future numerical solutions. A hybrid element method is numerically applied to a beam-dam problem and is generalized to include 2-dimensional elastic structures. Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 02139, U.S.A. (rio)

79:6315 Tung, Chi C., 1979. Hydrodynamic forces on sub-

merged vertical circular cylindrical tanks under ground excitation. Appl. Ocean Res., 1(2): 75-78.

The fluid domain is divided into inner and outer regions; the water is assumed to be incompressible, inviscid and irrotational; and waves are limited to small amplitudes. Through a separation of variables method, the Laplace equations for velocity potentials in the two regions are solved and expressed as eigenfunctions satisfying boundary conditions.

15. History and contemporary devel- opment of oceanography and related sciences

79:6317 Atkinson, R. C., 1978, Rights and responsibilities in

scientific research. Bull. atom. Scient., 34(10): 10-14.

No one seriously believes that biomedical research on human beings, e.g., should be free from social control. Indeed, from the beginning there have been limits and constraints on scientific research. Whether such constraints are imposed externally (and perhaps less rationally) or internally will depend on whether scientists are willing to conscientiously exercise social responsibility on their own. National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. (fcs)

79:6318 Ayala-Castanares, Agustin, 1979. Marine sciences

research and marine resources development. lnterciencia, 4(3): 179-180.

In a paper read at the lnterciencia/AAAS Symposium (Houston, January 1979) the author describes traditional joint marine research arrangements between the U.S. (a heavily industrialized nation) and Mexico Ca developing nation) and expresses Mexico's desire for a greater role in structuring and implementing bilateral projects. Greater research and educational benefits to Mexico, the solution of common problems, and benefits of 'a proper scientific friendship' (a more nearly equal peer relationship) are mentioned as goals. Coordinador de la Investigaci6n Cientiflca Universidad National Aut6noma de M~xico, Mexico. (smf)

OLR(1979)26(12) F. General 82 !

79:6319 Day, S. B., ed., 1978. What is a scientist? Biosci.

Communs, 4(5): 241-292; 7 papers.

It was a stunning revelation to Max Planck that sometimes even scientists can't be bothered with the facts. Contributors to this issue (a memorial to Professor Oscar Bodansky) grapple with the definition of a scientist, of science, its politics, culture, methods, foibles, philosophy and gnoseological limits. (fcs)

79:6320 Lolli, Gabriele, 1978. Science and common sense.

Scientia, 113(9/12): 735-738.

Gargani's (1978) argument that science and common sense are inseparable is refuted. The controversy is made analogous to that between Wittgenstein and Moore, and it is argued that there is the possibility of absolute knowledge unconstrained by the rules of language, and in frequent (though not qecessary) opposition to common sense. Universita di Genova, Italy. (fcs)

79:6321 Magyar, George, 1978. Science and nationalism.

Scientia, I I 3(9/12): 867-884.

There are claims that science can take on a national character; however, this is not found in some quantitative comparisons of British and French physics. The most nationalism can do is to modify the form (language, citation habits, institutional framework, etc.) of science. Of this, many examples are given. Culham Laboratory, UKAEA Research Group. Abingdon Oxfordshire, U.K.

79:6322 Synge, R. L. M., 1979. Wasteful research in pure and

applied science. Interdiscipl. Sci. Rev., 4(2): 98-105.

Research has an inherently wasteful side in that its outcome is unknown; thus in retrospect, many experiments will always show themselves to have been comparatively fruitless. Nevertheless, real waste can include research that is unnecessarily repeated, trendy studies that play only to politics or public anxieties, and research motivated to provide 'jobs for the troops.' School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7JT, U.K. (fcs)

79:6323 Todd, A. R., 1979. On the state of science. Inter-

discipl. Sci. Rev., 4(2): 93-97.

Civilization is indeed again at a turning point (as it was, e.g., during the industrial revolution), but the doomwatchers' predictions need not come true provided the various resource and environmental problems are realistically addressed, in this regard, the scientist must act as advocate as well as

researcher. The Royal Society, 6 Carlton House Terrace, London S W l Y 5AG, U.K. (fcs)

79:6324 Ziman, John, 1978. Human rights and the polity of

science. Bull. atom. Scient., 34(8): ! 9-23.

Science cannot exist independent of human values, i.e., independent of politics. Thus debate on the issue should focus on precisely what kind of transactional scientific policy should be worked for and what political goals might be pursued. A starting point for these protocols is already codified in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. University of Bristol. (fcs)

17. Marine policy and law, leases, treaties, etc.

79:6325 Young, Elizabeth, 1978. Law of the Sea: an arms

control issue. Bull. atom. Scient., 34(9): 53-56.

UNCLOS !II is viewed as an arms control issue of the first order, since the question of enforcement of treaty agreements ultimately comes down to a matter of armed force. Loopholes and pitfalls in the most recent Informal Composite Negotiating Text (the fourth generation of such texts) include the unforbidden engagement by a nation in naval militarv exercises of a very broad nature within another state's Exclusive Economic Zone (usually 3-200 n.mi. offshore) as long as it has no economic purpose and does not affect the coastal state's economic activities. However, UNCLOS's ongoing, unconcluded activities may indeed provide the means by which agreement can be reached: a continuing metamorphosis of consensus by member states through an indefinite number of negotiating texts, and the institutionalization of UNCLOS as a U.N. family member with authority to regulate sea use through existing states' governments. London, England. (smf)

18. Waste disposal and pollution 79:6326

Eagle, R. A., P. A. Hardiman, M. G. Norton and R. S. Nunny, 1978. The field assessment of effects of dumping wastes at sea. 3. A survey of the sewage sludge disposal area in Lyme Bay [England]. Fish. Res. tech. Rept, Minist. Agric. Fish. Fd, Gt Br., 49:22 pp.

Two surveys were undertaken in Lyme Bay (October 1975, July 1976) to acquire physical, chemical and biological baseline data; to identify dispersal routes o f dumped waste; to determine physico-chemical alterations attributable to sludge dumping; and to