Marine Taxonomy Revised PDF

8/9/2019 Marine Taxonomy Revised PDF

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Marine TaxonomyThe Basics.

Monday, May 17, 2010


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Taxonomy Review

Why use thissystem?

*Consistency throughout theScientific Community



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Breakdown of Marine Taxonomy

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Plantae,Fungi, Bacteria

Kingdom AnimaliaInvertebrates and Vertebrates



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Kingdom Protista: In MarineEnvironments

What is a Protist?

unicellular or multicellular

colonies of eukaryotic cells

autotrophic,mixtrophic, heterotrophic

Marine Examples:

Some Plankton

Some Algae

http://virtual.yosemite.cc.ca.us/randerson/Marine%20Invertebrates/dinophyt.htm

Dinofla

gellates

Zooplank

ton

http://www.prism.washington.edu/lc/CLFISH497/Web5.html

http://www.prism.washington.edu/lc/CLFISH497/Web5.htmlhttp://www.prism.washington.edu/lc/CLFISH497/Web5.htmlhttp://virtual.yosemite.cc.ca.us/randerson/Marine%20Invertebrates/dinophyt.htmhttp://virtual.yosemite.cc.ca.us/randerson/Marine%20Invertebrates/dinophyt.htm


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Kingdom PlantaeIn Marine Environments

Characteristics...

Autotrophic

Multicellular

Have roots & leaves

Cell wall

Few TRUE Marine PlantsMangrove shrubs

Grasses

http://dpi.qld.gov.au/28_9127.htm

http://dpi.qld.gov.au/28_9127.htmhttp://dpi.qld.gov.au/28_9127.htm


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Fungi

Fungi

Multicellular

Sessile

Gather nutrients from outside body

Marine Examples:

Grow on Mangrove Shrubs, Docks, Driftwood



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BacteriaUnicellular

Prokaryotic Cells

Archaebacteria: Archae: ancient

Live in extreme environments

Marine Examples: Chemosynthetic

bacteria

EubacteriaCommon bacteria

Marine Examples: Cyanobacteria

(Bacterioplankton) http://www.csuchico.edu/chem/facultyStaff/edwards.shtml

http://www.s

ciencedaily.c

om/

images/2007/10/071004143122.j

pg

http://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/images/2007/10/071004143122.jpghttp://www.csuchico.edu/chem/facultyStaff/edwards.shtmlhttp://www.csuchico.edu/chem/facultyStaff/edwards.shtml


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Kingdom Animalia

Complex multicellular

organisms

Specialized sense organs

Invertebrate

Lacks vertebral column

Vertebrate

Intact vertebral column



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Invertebrate Phyla in MarineEcosystems

Porifera

Echinodermata

MolluscaArthropoda

Cnidaria

Ctenophora

Marine Worms



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Porifera: Sponges

orus: oresNo definite symmetry

Multicellular, no organs

Filter feeders

Sessile

Larval stage is planktonic

Inner space (not true body cavity)

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/07twilightzone/logs/may23/media/sponges_galore.html

http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/07twilightzone/logs/may23/media/sponges_galore.htmlhttp://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/07twilightzone/logs/may23/media/sponges_galore.html


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Echinodermata: Sea Stars and Urchinsechino: s in derm: skin

Radial symmetry

Water vascular system (locomotion, respiration, feeding)

Tube feet

Internal skeleton

Spiny skin



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Mollusca: Cephalopods, Gastropods, BivalvesAll

Mantle

Shell

Cephalopoda(cephal: head pod: foot)

Suction tentacles, Beak

Squid, octopus, nautilus, cuttlefish

Gastropoda(gastro: stomach pod: foot)

1 Part shell

Definite heads w/ 1-2 sensory tentaclesSnails

Bivalve( bi: two)

2 part hinged shell

Clams, mussels, scallo sMonday, May 17, 2010


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Arthropoda: Class CrustaceanArthro:jointpod: foot

All

Bilateral symmetry (most cases)

Exoskeleton

Jointed legs

Body divided into 2-3 sections

Crustaceans

2 pairs antennae

2 branch on limbs

Often have fused appendages (i.e. Lobster claw)



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Cnidaria: Anemones, Sea Jellies,Coralsnide: to itch

Radial symmetry

Sac-like internal cavity

Tentacles around mouth

Nematocysts

Planktonic Larval form

2 Body Forms

Medusa, and Polyp


N


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Nematocysts



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Ctenophore: Comb Jelliesktenos: comb phoros: bearing

Radial symmetry

Swims using plates of cilia (combs)

Well developed nerve net

Planktonic larval stage

Carnivorous

http://www.terradaily.com/reports/And_The_First_Animal_On_Earth_Was_A_999.html

http://www.seacortez.com/inverts/index.html

http://www.seacortez.com/inverts/index.htmlhttp://www.seacortez.com/inverts/index.htmlhttp://www.terradaily.com/reports/And_The_First_Animal_On_Earth_Was_A_999.htmlhttp://www.terradaily.com/reports/And_The_First_Animal_On_Earth_Was_A_999.html


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Marine Worms

Annelidia-Annellus: little ring

Bilateral symmetry

Segmented

Closed circulatory system

Nematoda- Nema: thread

Bilateral symmetry

No circulatory system

Platyhelminthes-Platy: flatHelminthes: worms

Bilateral symmetry

Flat worms

Most parasites

Pogonophora- Pogo: Bearded

Bilateral symmetry

Live in naturally secreted tubes

Feed on detritus, dissolved nutrients

or through symbiosis with bacteria

http://www.dgukenvis.nic.in/Giant%20tube%20worm.jpg

http://www.fcps.edu/westspringfieldhs/academic/science

1project/zoo00/zoo00/zoowor/platy.shtml

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A Closer Look At Marine Vertebrates

Phylum Chordata

3 Classes of Fish

Marine Mammals



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Phylum Chordata(Not all vertebrates but getting close)

Pharyngeal Slits

Used for feeding

Later modified for respiration (fish)

EndostylePrimitive esophagus

Post Anal Tail

Dorsal Nerve Chord

Primitive spinal chord

Notochord (some point of life cycle)


S b h l U h d


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Subphylum: Urochordata(aka Tunicates)

Filter feeders

Pelagic (larval stage) - Sessile (adult stage)

Adults digest motor nerves



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Subphylum: Cephalochordata

Chordate characters plus...

Myomeres (muscle segments)

Spinal nerves

Lancelets

Notochord present throughout life



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Subphylum: Craniata

Chordate and Cephalochordate Characters Plus...

Neurocranium (braincase)

Cartilage skeleton (bone in some)

Paired external sense organs

1 nostril, 1 semicircular canal (hagfish)

Primitive vertebral elements,fin muscles, jaw, 2 semicircular canals (lamprey)



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3 Classes of FishCyclostomata- Cyclo: Round Stomata: Hole

Eel -like Jawless fish

Ex/ Lamprey

Osteoichthyes- Osteo: BoneIchthy: Fish

Bony fish

Ex/ Salmon, Clownfish, Angelfish....

Chondrichthyes- Chond: CartilageCartilaginous fish

Ex/ Sharks, skates, rays, chimeras


Fi t f ll


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First of all...What is a Mammal?

Has hair or fur

Give birth to live young

Mothers produce milk

Warm blooded

Have lungs to breath air


M i M l


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Marine Mammals

Pinnipeds:pinna: feather ped: foot

Seals and Sea Lions

Sirenia: siren: mermaid-like creature of myths

Manatees and Dugongs

Cetaceans: cete/cetus: Large sea creature

Whales and Dolphins


Pi i d


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Pinnipeds...Whats the difference between a seal and sea lion?

Seal: (U.S. west and east coast)

Short front flippers

No ear flaps

Sea Lion: (U.S. west coast only)

Long, supportive front flippers

Ear flaps

Long, flexible neck



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ren aManatees and Du..what?

Fully aquatic and herbivorous

Fossil records indicate 12 species of Sirenia

4 Remaining species: Endangered

Stellers Sea Cow

Extinct since 1786


e aceans


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e aceansOndontocete and Mysticete

Ondontocetes: Toothed Whales

Includes Dolphins and PorpoisesMysticetes: Baleen Whales

Major food source plankton



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Dolphins vs. PorpoisesDolphins:

Can exceed 10 ft. in length

Wave shaped dorsal fin

Sleek and slender

Prominent rostrum

Social tendencies with humans

Communicative whistles

Porpoises:

Never exceed 7 ft. in length

Triangular dorsal fin (shark like)

Robust features (chubby)

Lack a rostrum

Rarely interact with humans

Both have intense reproduction

cycles: Pregnancy possible w/in 5

weeks of calving

Documents

Marine Taxonomy Revised PDF