Maritime Challenges

Lt Cdr Sebastian Hamann N5

Maritime Component Command Northwood/UK

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Content

AU’s Tasks and Objectives

Approaches to the Objectives

How to do it

NATO Counter Piracy as one Example

Situational Awareness around Africa

Information Sharing

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The Global Maritime Environmentand the World Trade

“Whosoever commands the trade of the world, commands the riches of the world and hence the world itself.”

Sir Walter Raleigh

1554-1618

Establish interoperable Maritime HQs in order to improve maritime situational awareness and

increase effectiveness of law enforcement agencies.

Assumed Objective of African Union’s efforts:

“improve African maritime Security and Safety standards as well as African maritime economy for more wealth creation from its oceans and seas”

(Draft Strategy p. 11 para 9.)

AU Maritime Tasks and Objective

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Surveillance Information sharing Action

Approaches to the Objectives

Can you spot the threat?

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How to do it?

Watch: AIS Coastal Radar Patrols (Ships and Aircraft) Information from ports and Flag States (ISPS, LRIT) Information from other agencies (police, customs,...) Internet Services (“Web scraping”)

Cooperate and share: Reports from merchant community:

Voluntary reporting of own movements Reports of suspicious behaviour/incidents

Fuse the different pieces into one common picture in a maritime HQ.

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• AIS only provides data from vessels above 300ts.

• Illegal activities are mostly carried by small vessels.

• Ships can easily switch off the system.

• Anomaly investigation still be needed.

AIS Deficiencies

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• The Indian Ocean averages approx 5000 merchants• Data sources available until 4Q 2010:

• Voluntary reporting via UK MTO• Reports from units

= A very poor Picture

• Additions as of Jan 2011:• Satellite based AIS• LRIT data from Panama• LRIT data from IMO

= 3500 tracks, • 70% coverage

and a lot better information

NATO Counter piracy: one example

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Situational Awareness around Africa

World Trade• 90% of global trade volume by sea• 10,000 cargo destinations• 50.000 ocean going ships• 95% of maritime trade travels

through 9 chokepoints

Combined Counter piracy OPS

NATO Active Endeavour

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Key Issues for info sharing

1. Understand each player’s own capacities and roles

Coast Guard and Navy, Police and Customs, who does what?

2. Make info sharing possible Legal agreements need to be in place for info sharing

3. Liaise with existing players Some information is already available (ISPS, Active

Endeavour, UKMTO, MERCURY...)

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How much to share Policy towards sharing Categories of information Sharing information across security domains

(police/states) Developing and maintaining metadata standards

and registries Establishment of priorities (Who gets what first?)

Info sharing: other remarks

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Strategy Doctrine Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Training Linkage between HQ and with Agencies

Running a system of HQs

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In order to act, one needs to know what is going on.

In order to know what is going on, one can use the many sources of information that are already existing.

In order to share information, legal and organizational issues are most important.

Then one can take action !

Summary

Thanks for your attention.

Questions?

Lt Cdr Sebastian Hamann N5Maritime Component Command

Northwood/UK

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