Maritime Renewable Energy Prospects & Opportunities · Maritime Renewable Energy Prospects & Opportunities Prof Minoo ... Six Types of Wave Energy Converter: •2/2/10 •10 AWS Ocean

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Maritime Renewable Energy

Prospects & Opportunities

Prof Minoo Patel [email protected]

[email protected]

Tel: +44 (0) 7711 980173

Contents

 Existing technologies in wave, wind and tidal energy:

 Recent developments in licensing;

 Conclusions.

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Personal Background

  33 years of experience in offshore engineering with last 9 years of this on maritime renewable energy;

  Current roles: - Head of School of Engineering at Cranfield University; - Founder and Director of BPP Technical Services Ltd; - Director of Keppel Offshore and Marine Ltd;

  Research on maritime renewable energy and bio-fuels at Cranfield University;

  Consultancy and technical support via BPP-Tech.

www.cranfield.ac.uk/soe www.bpp-tech.com www.keppelom.com

Maritime Renewable Energy

•  Offshore wind

•  Wave energy

•  Tidal energy

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UK Offshore Wind; Policy & Objectives

•  December 2000 : first round: 18 companies selected to built wind farms (total 1.6 GW)

•  July 2003 : round 2 : total estimated of 6.4 GW

•  Round 3 : total aim of 25 GW

Offshore Wind

23,000 modern offshore 5MW wind turbines would deliver on average more than the entire present UK domestic electricity demand

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Maritime Renewable Energy Resources

Overview of the Technologies

Wave Energy Devices Six Types of Wave Energy Converter:

1. Attenuator: floating device which works perpendicular to the wave direction. Movements along its length can be selectively constrained to produce energy.

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Wave energy device : Attenuator : Pelamis 750 kW

Pitching segments react against each other - hydraulic rams drive hydraulic motor and hence an electrical generation


2. Point absorber: floating structure which absorbs energy in all directions. The power take-off system may take a number of forms, depending on the configuration of displacers/reactors.

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Wave Energy Device : Point Absorber

Ocean Power Technology’s Power Buoy

Wave Energy Device : Point Absorber 250 kW

Aquaenergy’s Hosepump Buoy supported by Finavera

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3. Oscillating water column : Waves cause the water column to rise and fall, compressing and decompressing the air column around a turbine.

Wave Energy Device : Oscillating water column (OWC) 500 kW

Near shore - Oceanlinx (Energetech) Oscillating Water Column

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4. Overtopping device : relies on physical capture of water from waves above mean sea level. Water return to the sea through conventional low-head turbines.


Wave Energy Device : Overtopping Wave Collector : Wave Dragon 4 MW Expected

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5. Oscillating Wave Surge Converter : extracts the energy caused by wave surges and the movement of water particles within them.

6. Submerged pressure differential : The motion of the waves causes the oscillation of sea level and the device. The alternating pressure can then pump fluid through a system to generate electricity.


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AWS Ocean energy Archimedes Wave swing 1 MW

•  39 x 90 foot cylinder •  Within the top cylinder (floater) is

a lower cylinder (basement) which moves up and down through the floater cylinder with the motion of the waves.

•  Depth 80 – 90 m

Tidal Stream Energy

1. Large resource - too big to be neglected or ignored;

2. Technical feasibility - rapid development is possible;

3. Predictability - driven by gravity - not weather;

4. Minimal environmental impact - and favourable ERoEI - <12 months.

Tidal Stream Energy

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Tidal Energy Devices Four Types of Tidal Energy Convertors

1. Horizontal axis turbine : extracts energy from moving water in much the same way as wind turbines extract energy from moving air.

Systems of More Than 1000 kW: Potentially Commercially Viable

SeaGen 1.2MW Commercial Demonstrator

mean max current 7.8kt water depth 25m ± 2m

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Systems of More Than 100 kW: Realistic Size for Practical Experience

Hammerfest Strøm 300kW - (2003 - ?)

Developers With Small Scale Physical Models Tested in Laboratories Systems Under Development

Lunar Energy

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Tidal Energy Converter: TEL DeltaStream

•  Horizontal axis turbines

•  No drilling on the seabed

•  5 Companies involved

•  Cranfield funded by Carbon Connection Grant

•  Private investors

•  Ongoing work since July 06

•  1st prototype at sea in 18 months


2. Venturi Effect By housing the device in a duct, this has the effect of concentrating the flow past the turbine. The flow of water can drive a turbine directly or the induced pressure differential in the system can drive an air-turbine.

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Tidal Energy Devices; Venturi Effect. Tidal Barrage: La Rance

Rance River estuary, Brittany (France)

24×10 MW bulb turbines (240 MW) Built 1966


3. Oscillating Hydrofoil A hydrofoil attached to an oscillating arm and the motion is caused by the tidal current flowing either side of a wing, which results in lift. This motion can then drive fluid in a hydraulic system to be converted into electricity.

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4. Vertical axis turbine : extracts energy from moving in a similar fashion to that above, however the turbine is mounted on a vertical axis.

Neptune Renewable Energy: the Neptune Proteus Mark III Prototype stage

•  6m x 6m vertical axis crossflow turbine mounted within a patented, symmetrical diffuser duct and beneath a very simple steel deck and buoyancy packages

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Maritime Renewable Energy Resources

Recent Developments in Licensing

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• http://www.bwea.com/offshore/round1.html

• Context: Round 1

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Context: Round 2

• http://www.bwea.com/offshore/round-2map.html

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Round 3

The Crown Estate

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Devices in the Water

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Legislation

‣ Strategic Environmental Assessment => three rounds of wind farms possibilities / 1 to 2.6 GW of wave and tidal stream energy… ‣ The Marine Bill and Coastal Access Bill (Royal Assent on 12/11/09) ‣ Strategic marine planning system ‣ Result in more consistency in licensing decisions ‣ Setting up a new Marine Management Organisation (MMO) for

installations < 100 MW offshore installations ‣ Development of joint Marine Policy Statement (MPS) ‣ Marine Scotland created for direct and executive responsibility

for planning and nature conservation out to 200nm to Scotland ‣ DECC and Ofgem to develop a new regulatory regime for offshore

electricity transmission for network >= 132 kV •  Source: BWEA

Conclusions

•  Marine renewable energy is a fast growing market in the UK stimulated by UK Government’s Renewable Order;

•  Tidal energy seems to have lower cost per kWh than wave and wind;

•  Large potential for offshore wind energy worldwide.

Documents

Maritime Renewable Energy Prospects & Opportunities · Maritime Renewable Energy Prospects & Opportunities Prof Minoo ... Six Types of Wave Energy Converter: •2/2/10 •10 AWS Ocean