MARITIME TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION CENTRE PACIFIC …mtccpacific.spc.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Annex-3-presentations.pdfThe Global MTCC Network (GMN) project is funded by the European

Regional Workshop on Energy Management in Ports Auckland 31 August to 2 July 2017

The Global MTCC Network (GMN) project is funded by the European Union and implemented by the IMO 1

MARITIME TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION CENTRE – PACIFIC (MTCC-PACIFIC)

CAPACITY BUILDING FOR CLIMATE MITIGATION IN THE MARITIME SHIPPING INDUSTRY

THE GLOBAL MTCC NETWORK (GMN) PROJECT

Workshop on Energy Management in Ports

Auckland, 31 July – 2 August 2017

1 - Introduction

Workshop Aim

• To provide an overview of Energy Management and to guide each participating Port / Port Authority to prepare a draft Port Energy Management Policy (if one doesn’t already exist) and a draft Port Energy Management Plan.

• It’s a workshop, not a series of lectures• Each session there will be an activity. This may take up

some or most of the session!

• By the end of the workshop you should have a clear idea of what needs to be done to ensure good energy management at your Port.

The Global MTCC Network (GMN) project is funded by the European Union and is implemented by the IMO 2

Workshop Program

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

9:00 Opening remarks,Introduction

8:30 Webinar MTCC Caribbean, Energy Management Policy / role of Energy Manager

Group discussion and sharing, communicating and promoting your EMP

10:00 Photo session, morning tea

10:30 Morning tea 10:30 Morning tea

10:30 Energy ManagementOverview

Setting of Energy Performance Targets

Pacific Port Energy Management Collaboration and Next Steps

12:30 Lunch break

13:30 Energy Savings Opportunities in Ports

Energy Management Plans (1)

15:00 Afternoon tea

15:30 Energy use and energy baseline

Energy Management Plans (2), tools for Energy Management


Introductions

• Find someone you don’t already know. Find out:• Name

• Organisation

• Role/Title

• What he/she wants to get out of the workshop

• Experience

• You’ll then introduce that person to the whole group


Seating arrangements

• Sit with your colleagues from the same port / port authority

• Every morning and after lunch every day, try to sit next to a different port / port authority.


Workshop Resources

• Access on the google drive

• www.clean-energy-academy.com/port-workshopPassword is Auckland


http://www.clean-energy-academy.com/port-workshop



Next topic

• Energy Management Overview


12/22/2017

1

GREEN PACIFIC PORT

An initiative to improve port efficiency

Thierry NERVALE

Deputy Director Transport

SPC EDD – Transport Programme

Energy efficiency & Ship-port interface• Background

– Shipping is the most energy efficient means of mass cargo transport

– Efforts to find ways to improve efficiency of operations must continue

• Goal 1– Efficiency beyond the ship: addressing the ship-shore interface

through streamlining and standardization of the cargo documentation

– Improving coordination and promoting the use of electronic systems for clearance of ships, cargoes, crews and passengers

• Goal 2– Efficiency of port facilities to keep the operational efficiency of ships at

the highest level

– All elements of port facility efficiency would form part of a “holistic” energy efficiency concept for the whole system

Green Pacific Port initiativeObjectives

• Overall objective– to support the sustainable economic development of PICTs by

improving the efficiency and sustainability of maritime ports as an essential element of transportation system

• Specific objectives– Improving the efficiency of port operations

– Ensuring energy efficiency and carbon footprint reduction

– Preventing marine pollution and managing waste

Green Pacific Port initiativePurpose

• Project purpose– to support PICTs in developing strategy and quality management

system (QMS)

– To implement plans aiming:

• to increase the efficiency and the sustainability of port operations

• to address energy efficiency, renewable energy and carbon footprint, climate change and disaster risk management and waste management and pollution control

Green Pacific Port initiativeActivities

• Activities related to improved port operation efficiency– Develop effective and integrated strategy for maritime ports including

sustainability and efficiency in port operation

– draft and implement relevant legislative and regulatory frameworks in ports

– Draft and implement QMS/EMS ensuring safety and security, facilitating trade, minimizing harmful effects on the environment and managing continuous improvement and risk assessment of port performance

– Collate relevant information to assess climate change resilience and disaster risk of port infrastructure

– Implement efficient response plan to recover port operation in case of major disaster


• Activities related to improved energy efficiency and reduced carbon footprint– Collect and analysis data regarding energy consumption in port

operations

– Conduct energy efficiency and carbon footprint audits

– Design practical measures and draft a plan to improve port infrastructure and equipment energy efficiency, options for renewable energy and reduce carbon footprint

– Follow through with a demonstration activity so as to showcase the practicality of EE measures and benefits to port operations

12/22/2017

2


• Activities related to marine pollution and waste management– draft, implement and maintain port environment management plans (EMP)

for waste management and pollution control

– carry out proper disposal of derelict vessels and wrecks

– collect and analyse water quality in ports

– Investigate options for utilizing waste for renewable energy and other uses

– carry out port waste reception facilities audits and remediate action in support of waste collection systems for final disposal including re-use in country and export

– conduct oil spill risk assessment for ports and develop and maintain marine spill response plans

– Collect and analyse data regarding the management of invasive marine species from shipping via ballast water and hull bio-fouling

CONCLUSION

• Green Pacific Port initiative is based on collaboration between SPREP and SPC

• The objective is to address all issues of port efficiency in a global strategy

• Cross-cutting issue is improved governance

• The project is relevant to:– Framework for actions on transport services (FATS)

– Framework for Action on Energy Security in the Pacific (FAESP)

– Framework for Action on Climate Change (FACC)

Thank you








2 - Energy Management Overview

Agenda:

• What is Energy Management?

• Energy Management standards

• Energy Management principles

• Drivers of Energy Management

• Barriers to Energy Management

• Case Study

• Activity: Identification of the Drivers and Barriers to good Energy Management in Your Port


Definition of energy management / what are the benefits.• Activity / write up on white board


Energy Management Definition

• Energy Management is the effective management of the use of energy (electricity, fuels) so as to continually improve energy performance, or energy productivity.

• Energy performance is measured by the amount of energy needed to deliver one unit of goods or services – eg kWh/TEU.

• Energy performance improves when less energy is required to deliver a unit of goods or services.


Which of the following benefits of energy management would be of value to you?Reduced operating costs.

Reduced emissions (both CO2-e and local air pollution).

Lowered maintenance expenses, and reduced downtime due to equipment failure.

Improved comfort and safety.

Improved company reputation.

Greater employee retention.

An edge when it comes to recruitment.


Energy Management Standards

• ISO 50001: Energy management systems —Requirements with guidance for use (2011)

• European Standard EN 160001 (2009)




EM – ISO 50001

• Designed to assist organisations establish the systems and processes necessary to improve energy performance.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FacijJKQHRI

Energy review, establish baseline, EnPIs, objectives,

targets, action plans

States the organisation’s commitment to achieve energy performance

improvement. May include targets

Ensure competency and awareness, incorporate

into BAU, allocate resources

At scheduled intervals

7

The Global MTCC Network (GMN) project is funded by the European Union and is implemented by the IMO

EM – developing an EnMS: Policy

States the organisation’s commitment to achieve energy performance improvement

May include longer term targets

Addresses purchasing policy

This is the driver for implementing a systematic approach to reducing energy use.

The dissemination and distribution of this policy is used as a driver to manage organizational behaviour.

It is documented and communicated at all levels within the organization.


EM – developing an EnMS: Planning Reviewing energy use; sources and

current consumption, the areas of significant energy use, understanding what the drivers of energy use are, the energy performance of facilities, estimating likely future performance.

Identifying and prioritising opportunities to improve energy performance.

Establishing a baseline

Setting energy performance indicators against which energy performance is measured.

Setting specific targets for individual facilities, and developing an action plan along with a description of how results and performance will be measured and verified.

Allocates responsibility The Global MTCC Network (GMN) project is funded by the European Union and is implemented by the IMO 9

EM – developing an EnMS: Implementation

Ensuring competency to manage energy use / training and skills development.

Communicating: down (performance reporting), up (suggestions to improve) Documenting the energy management system.

Planning and developing procedures and criteria that enables effective operational control of energy use.

Putting in place systems to ensure that any new facilities consider energy performance in their design

Putting in place effective procurement processes that take into account energy performance


EM – developing an EnMS: Checking

Monitoring and measurement resourcing, tools, procedures

Reporting

Development of fast and effective feedback mechanisms (eg via dashboard) to maintain good operational efficiency

Audits of performance


EM – developing an EnMS: Mgmt Review

Review by top management

Review of KPIs / manager’s achievements

Business level financial analysis


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FacijJKQHRI



Energy Management Principles

• Focus is on improving energy performance / energy productivity

• Has senior management commitment

• Involves a cycle of ongoing improvement, underpinned by measurement of energy performance

• Becomes business as usual

• Implement processes

• Monitor and measure processes

• Establish objectives and processes

• Take actions to improve process performance

Act Plan

DoCheck


Drivers and Barriers to Energy Management in Pacific Ports

• Discussion, list on white board


Systematic / Process Based EM – Case Study

• Linfox

• By how much could a trucking/logistics company reduce its carbon footprint?• https://www.youtube.com/w

atch?v=DSO3dV-HIQU


EM – example results

“In 2007, Linfox started a journey to reduce its environmental impact, setting an ambitious target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity by 50 per cent by 2015, based on 2006/07 levels. Thanks to the considerable efforts of our people and customers, Linfox has substantially achieved this target, with a 46.5 per cent reduction as at the end of September 2015.”

http://www.linfox.com/about-us/sustainability.htm


EM – Linfox example discussion

• Reduction target.

• Success factors?

• Categorisation of the savings they have achieved: process improvement, management changes, capex.


EM – success factors in developing effective systems and processes

• Strong, top level commitment. Not just “tick the box” until fully incorporated into business as usual.

• At the start of the program recognition that improving energy management involves change and requires effective change management

• Is appropriately resourced

• The responsible manager has “weight” or influence across the organisation and is persuasive

• Becomes an important part of Business as Usual


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSO3dV-HIQU



EM Summary – What’s involved (1)

• Board level commitment to effective energy management

• Embedding good EM practices into business as usual / policy

• Allocation of responsibility• Measurement (can’t manage what you don’t

measure)

19


EM Summary – What’s involved (2)

• Regular reporting:• To external stakeholders: at least annually• Internally: Energy Management and its

reporting incorporated into business as usual (eg dashboards)

• Resourcing• Of the energy management role / data

collection and management / training / project identification / project implementation / communication

• KPIs and targets, reviewed annually

20


Activity: Identify whether or not improved Energy Management would be good for your Port / Port Authority, and Why / Why Not

• Small group discussions.


Next topic

• Energy Saving Opportunities in Ports









3 - Energy Savings Opportunities in Ports

Agenda

• Understanding where energy is used in ports• Electricity

• Fuel

• Entities responsible for energy use

• Electricity savings opportunities

• Fuel savings opportunities


Port Authority

Terminal Operator

Anchorage

Piloting

BerthingLoading/unloading Handling, Temporary

Storage Access Control

Customs / Immigration

Management


Where energy is used in ports

• Activity: list down everything (plant, equipment, fixtures etc) that uses:• Electricity;

• Diesel;

• & Petrol in your port(s)

• Any other sources of energy?

• Use the template WhereEnergyIsUsed.xlsx


Example: Suva Port Energy Breakdown - Electricity5

Suva Port Light and general power

24%

Suva Port Reefers

46%

Princes Wharf

1%

Muaiwalu House12%

Muaiwalu -2

2%

Muaiwalu -1

1%

FSHIL14%

75% for Lighting


Suva Port Facilities

Kings Wharf & Prince’s Wharf

FSHIL

M1

M2

MH




Energy breakdown – diesel by entity7

FPTL - Kings Wharf79%

FPCL3%

FSHIL18%

Ship to shore cranes

39%Top Lift

20%

Reach stacker

18%

Yard Tractor

11%

Fork lift6%

Empty Contain…

Generator… Misc

0%


Suva Port – Proportion of energy use / cost / emissions

28%39%

56%8%

7%

7%

64%54%

37%

Energy % GHG % Cost%

Diesel

Petrol

Electricity


Energy Saving Opportunities in Ports - Electricity• Lighting upgrades to LED (yard lighting, all

internal lighting)

• Lighting control measures

• Power factor correction, particularly on the supply to reefers ($ savings)

• Installation of solar PV on rooftops

• Measures to reduce air conditioner and ventilation energy

• Measures to reduce pumping and conveyor energy use (bulk handling)


Energy Savings Opportunities in Ports - Fuel• Upgrades to more efficient equipment

• Handling process design (reducing travel distances/lifts)

• Terminal/vehicle operating system

• Tyre pressure, vehicle maintenance

• Driver training (eg reducing idling)

• Shore to Ship power (reduces fuel usage, increases electricity)

• Slow steamingThe Global MTCC Network (GMN) project is funded by the European Union and is implemented by the IMO 10

EM: Examples of some energy saving measures implemented at Ports: CAPEX (1)

• LED lighting upgrades. Typically around a 50% to 60% saving compared with High Pressure Sodium (eg replacing 400 watt HPS tower lights with 200 watt LED). E.g. Port of Amsterdam.

• More efficient lifting equipment. e.g Sydney Port RTGs. Diesel-hydraulic Diesel-electric. (Add regenerative energy capture or move to all electric with regenerative braking incorporated).

• Equipment upgrades – eg high efficiency reach stacker: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goiA_GFynuk


EM: Examples of some energy saving measures implemented at Ports: CAPEX (2)

• Renewable power. Eg Jurong Port, Singapore. 9.5MW solar PV system, offsetting 60% of port’s electricity requirements, at a cost of Singapore $30m (2016)

• Ship to shore power. Example: Port of Gothenburg, saving 6,400 tonnes of GHG in 2013. Note: Transfers provision of energy from ship owner to port so price sensitive. May require a 60Hz supply instead of 50Hz / standardisation. Reduces local air pollution, noise.

12


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goiA_GFynuk



EM: Examples of some energy saving measures implemented at Ports: OPERATIONS / OPEX• (possibly with low Capex)

• Lighting controls. Eg Port of Pori. 10% to 30% savings.

• Eco driving. Port of Malmo. 10% to 15% reduction in fuel consumption.

• Vehicle maintenance / tyre pressures

• HVAC controls

• Power factor correction (requires capital, but a very fast payback, can possibly use opexbudget)

13


EM: Examples of some energy saving measures implemented at Ports: PROCESS IMPROVMENT

• Minimisation of energy use through process design – e.g. minimising movement of containers.

• Use of a Terminal Operating System (TOS) to manage vehicle movement and minimize fuel wastage. Eg. Port of Liverpool.

14


Group Discussion

• Opportunities identified/implemented at Pacific ports

• Sharing of results from any energy audits undertaken to date

• Map measure types (capital, operational change, process)

• Specific discussions around some technologies (eglighting as needed)

• Who can help identify opportunities?

• Start a list of common equipment types / measures that apply to ALL Pacific ports (incl type/wattage of yard lighting, lifting equipment); qty…


For your port

• List the energy saving opportunities you think apply to your port/port authority.

Use the template WhereEnergyIsUsed.xlsx


Next topic

• Energy use and energy baseline


22/12/2017

1

Savings Opportunities

RecommendationAnnual

Electricity

Savings

(kWh)

Annual

Fuel

Savings

(litres)

Annual Cost

Savings

($)

Annual GHG

Emissions

Reduction

(tonnes CO2-e)

Estimated

Implementation Cost

($)

Est simple

payback

(years)

Project or

Mgmt

Have FEA provide power

directly to all tenants0 0 $ 4,000 0 $ - 0 P

Power factor correction on

reefer energy supply0 0 $ 310,000 0 $ 84,000 0 P

Roll out and sustain eco-drive

practices when operating

machinery

0 50,000 $ 61,000 0 $ 77,000 1 M

Dim port lights when no ships

are docked (after lighting

upgrade)

57,000 0 $ 23,000 20 $ 57,000 2 M

Upgrade internal lighting to LED 78,000 0 $ 32,000 30 $ 124,000 4 P

Replace external flood lighting

and security lighting with LED240,000 0 $ 100,000 100 $ 490,000 5 P

Install solar photo-voltaic

systems on all roofs with

minimal year round shading

600,000 0 $ 240,000 260 $ 1,710,000 7 P

Replace office air conditioning

system47,000 0 $ 19,000 20 $ 200,000 10 P

TOTALS 1,000,000 0 $ 800,000 440 $ 2,700,000 3 3

Savi

ngs

op

po

rtu

nit

ies

‘To be the maritime gateway in the Pacific region through facilitating waterborne transport, trade and commerce ’

Status of Quantified Energy Saving Projects

# PROJECTS STATUS OF WORKS

DATE OF COMPLETION AS PER THE

PROJECT PLAN

APPROX COST OF WORKS

TO DATE

1 Have FEA provide power directly to all tenants instead of Sub Metering

In Progress. Discussing with FEA and the contractors April 2017 FJD 42,000

2 Install Power Factor correction on the reefer energy supply

FPTL & FPCL to work with FEA on the Power Correction however FPTL have not confirmed participation for the Audit to date.

3 Upgrade Internal lighting to LED

Muaiwalu House Upgrade - Lights to be installed by 30th December. 30/12/16 FJD 25,000

Kings Wharf, Muaiwalu 1 Buildings & Lautoka buildings next to be installed with LED. Department Managers have been asked for schedule of lights for all buildings and quantities.

30/12/16 FJD 50,000

4

Replace External Flood Lighting and Security lighting with LED after undertaking a lighting design

LED Lighting to outdoor lights were proposed but found to be too expensive so we have upgraded to Metal Halide lights instead.

30/12/16 FJD 60,000

5 Install solar photo-voltaic systems on roofs with minimal year-round shading

Discussions with MV Solar (Consultant) about installing panels on the Muaiwalu House. April 2018 N/A

6 Replace office air conditioning system

Discussions with the Air Conditioning maintenance contractor March 2017 N/A

7 Quantified Management Practices to save energy

Planned for 2nd Phase of consultancy – Feb 2017 Start April 2017

8 Eco-driving practices by machinery operators

Discussing with FPTL to conduct and awareness session. Initial program planned in March 2017 March 2017 N/A

9 Imbed Good Energy Management practices

Planned for 2nd Phase of consultancy – Feb 2017 Start May 2017 FJD 25,000

10 Set Energy KPIs for key managers

Planned for 2nd Phase of consultancy – Feb 2017 Start May 2017








4 - Energy use and energy baseline

Agenda

• Determination of operational control and energy boundary

• Establishing an energy baseline

• Sourcing energy consumption data

• Units of energy use

• Greenhouse gas emissions determination

• Energy costs determination (based on tariffs)


Determination of operational control and energy boundary Operational control –the entity that turns the energy using equipment on/off and controls its use?

Is this the same entity that pays for energy use (or are energy costs bundled in the lease)?

Port Authority

Terminal Operator

Customs

Tenants (egfreight

forwarders etc)

Tug company

Ship owners

Inland transport operators

entering the port


Port Authority

Terminal Operator

Anchorage

Piloting

BerthingLoading/unloading Handling, Temporary

Storage Access Control

Customs / Immigration

Management


Tenants

Example: Port of Suva. Within the shaded areas (owned by the Ports Corporation) a variety of entities control energy use

5

Kings Wharf & Prince’s Wharf

FSHIL

M1

M2

MH


Terminal operator

• May have the greatest energy use

• Port Authority may own some of the assets used by the terminal operator (eg yard lighting, site electrical supply)

• The “split incentive” can paralyse energy management. E.g.• Port Authority owns the assets but doesn’t pay the electricity bills –

so no incentive to upgrade the assets. Such as yard lighting.• Terminal operator pays the electricity bills but doesn’t own the assets

– doesn’t want to pay for an upgrade to equipment not on its balance sheet. Such as yard lighting.

• Result: inefficient lighting remains in use

• Effective energy management involves resolving split-incentives




Activity – for your port

• For each entity in your port - Port Authority, Terminal Operator, Customs, Tug Operator, Tenants, Ship Owners entering the Port, Inland Transport Companies entering the Port, other (?) - determine the energy usage boundary controlled by that entity. List the equipment each entity has operational control over. Use the template WhereEnergyIsUsed.xlsx


Port Authorities

• Can improve their own energy management

• As the landlord, can influence energy management practices.• Greatest influence is where its an asset owned by the

landlord• This influence should be exerted, and may create a “win-

win”• Activity / discussion: How can you influence energy

management practices in your port?



Discussion

• What “Green Lease” models might work for your port(s)?


The boundary of your energy management

• You may have 2 boundaries:• That which you own and control

• That which you own, but don’t control

• When considering port energy use keep this in mind


Baseline energy use

• Your energy use before you take action to improve your energy performance

• Savings can be determined by comparing energy use after savings measures have been implemented with your baseline (and making adjustments for changed production levels etc)




Baseline energy use / performance

• Baseline energy use = the sum of all energy consumed (electricity, natural gas, fuels). • Expressed in energy units NOT cost (tariff’s may vary and

may be out of your control)

• Baseline energy performance =

Baseline energy use

Baseline production

eg (kWh/TEU)


Sources of energy consumption data

• Bills

• Electricity sub-meters

• Fuelling records

• Tank measurements



Supply vs consumption

• Electricity (and pipeline supplied natural gas) supplied is consumed the instant its supplied

• Bulk fuel supplied is consumed at some later time

• If tanks are large and consumption is low, fuel supply records may not provide an accurate record of actual consumption

• Making it hard to determine energy performance


Note on fuel records

• Supplied to a storage tank doesn’t mean consumed.

• Supply records may not provide an accurate indicator of fuel consumed.

• Site refuelling or filling records provide a better approximation of actual consumption


For machines filled directly by

the suppliers tanker, the

delivery docket is the filling

record




• There may be many different points of fuel supply


Example refuelling records

LITRES OF DIESEL DAY OF MONTH

MACHINE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

EH01 80.4 2.1 85.0 59.3

EH02 214.8 240.7 255.8

FL01 355.4

FL02 81.8 27.5 40.8 32.5 0.1 28.5 22.2 27.3 35.8

FL03 108.8 49.1 17.1 43.3 55.2

FL05 32.3 0.7 7.4

FL06 83.3 140.3 12.5 56.8

FL10 250.0 123.9 292.1 271.2

TL02 114.7 291.4 374.5 209.7 258.6 177.7 360.1

TL03 400.1 238.9 281.9

TL05 164.9 340.5 508.5 341.8 492.1 529.3 402.9

TL06 380.1 200.1

RS01 503.7 481.2 541.0 429.1 513.4 270.0 285.1

RS02 385.6


Electricity – in the absence of sub-meters may be hard to determine electricity use within an organisational boundary- May need to install

meters

- Can be used to pass on costs to tenants

- If possible get the electricity supply authority to install/manage tenant meters if you can’t mark up electricity costs.


If installing sub-meters

• Install electronic meters that can measure all components of electricity costs, to enable full cost recovery.

• And can also aid in effective data management through the provision of interval data


Interval data

Date Time kWh kvarh

9 April 1:00 16.357 13.558

9 April 2:00 16.358 13.638

9 April 3:00 14.238 12.279

9 April 4:00 12.439 11.118

9 April 5:00 11.759 10.797

9 April 6:00 11.797 10.279

9 April 7:00 11.999 10.479

9 April 8:00 12.039 10.558

9 April 9:00 11.838 10.717

9 April 10:00 12.12 10.759

9 April 11:00 13.599 12

9 April 12:00 16.4 13.88

9 April 13:00 15.679 13.4


Energy concept and units

• Energy = “Work”• Example: It takes 900 kJ of energy

to lift a container weighing 15 tonnes from the ground up to 6m high.

• Power = the rate of doing work, or load. • Example: If it took 10 seconds to lift

the container, on average 90kJ would be used per second, and 90kW of power would be required on average over the 10 seconds. (1 watt = 1 Joule/second)




Units of energy use

• kJ, MJ, GJ, kWh, MWh etc

• Unit conversions• 1,000 kWh = 1 MWh

• 1,000 kJ = 1 MJ;

• 1,000 MJ = 1 GJ

• 3.6 MJ = 1 kWh

Exercise: Diesel fuel typically contains 35.8 MJ per litre. How many kWh of energy are used by a forklift that uses 35 litres of diesel in a day?


Exercise: worked solution

• Energy used (MJ) = 35.8 MJ/litre x 35 litres = 1,253 MJ

• There are 3.6 MJ per kWh

• So kWh usage = 1,253/3.6 = 348 kWh


When comparing energy usage, always use a common unit.

Exercise:

An electric forklift is charged overnight. A meter on the electric charger shows that the charger drew an average of 9 kW of power, and charging took 5 ½ hours.

A petrol forklift uses 24 litres of fuel in one day.

Which uses more energy, the electric or the petrol forklift?

*Petrol: 34.2 MJ/litre. The Global MTCC Network (GMN) project is funded by the European Union and is implemented by the IMO 27

Exercise, worked solution

Electric forkliftCharge rate 9kWDuration of charge 5.5hoursEnergy used to charge 49.5kWh

Petrol forkliftFuel used 24litresEnergy density 34.2MJ/litreEnergy used (MJ) 821MJMJ to kWh conversion 3.6MJ/kWhEnergy used (kWh) 228kWh


Determining greenhouse gas emissions• Apply an emissions factor to energy use• Emissions factors for electricity vary from place to place and

time to time depending on the generation mix and transmission losses• Eg Fiji estimate for 2015, 0.43 kg CO2-e/kWh with about 45% hydro,

rest fossil fuels• For 100% diesel genset supply, allowing for losses, approx. 0.8 kg

CO2-e/kWh• Small island countries may not calculate or publish emissions

factors.• Ask your electricity authority, environment authority

• For fuel use you could assume that the emissions factors are the same as NZ: • Diesel: 2.72 kg CO2-e/litre• Petrol: 2.36 kg CO2-e/litre


Exercise

An electric forklift is charged overnight. A meter on the electric charger shows that the charger drew an average of 12 kW of power, and charging took 5 ½ hours. A petrol forklift uses 24 litres of fuel in one day.

Which forklift had the highest greenhouse gas emissions, if the electricity emissions factor was 0.8 kg CO2-e/kWh?




Electric forkliftCharge rate 9kWDuration of charge 5.5hoursEnergy used to charge 49.5kWhEmissions factor 0.8kg CO2-e/kWhEmissions 39.6kg CO2-e

Petrol forkliftFuel used 24litresEmissions factor 2.72kg CO2-e/litreEmissions 65.3kg CO2-e


Determining costs (based on tariffs)

• Multiply the energy used by the tariff

Exercise

An electric forklift is charged overnight. A meter on the electric charger shows that the charger drew an average of 12 kW of power, and charging took 5 ½ hours.

A petrol forklift uses 24 litres of fuel in one day.

Which forklift cost the most to run, if electricity costs $0.40/kWh and diesel costs $1.08/litre?


Electric forkliftCharge rate 9kWDuration of charge 5.5hoursEnergy used to charge 49.5kWhElectricity tariff $ 0.40 $/kWhElectricity cost $ 19.80

Petrol forkliftFuel used 24litresFuel cost/litre $ 1.08 $/litreFuel cost $ 25.92


Systems needed to collect data

• Easiest to associate with the accounting system

• To monitor greenhouse gas emissions, need to collect energy consumption data as well as cost.

• To enable effective energy management aim to capture fuel usage data, and not just fuel supplier invoices. May need to put a procedure in place to collect this data.

• Decide whether to include tax or not, and be consistent in this.


Elec

tric

ity

Start and end dates

Site / meter identifier

Energy Consumption (kWh) and Demand / Reactive Consumption (kVRh) or possibly maximum demand

(kVA) if on a Reactive Power Tariff

Cost (excluding tax)


Fuel – capture supply invoice to determine cost/litre, and to balance against filling records

Base cost on the most recent supply invoice

Determine the tariff and if it includes tax or not




For machines filled directly by

the suppliers tanker, the

delivery docket is the filling

record


Fuel – record actual usage, and multiply by tariff rate

DAY OF MONTH (LITRES SUPPLIED)

MACHINE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

EH01 80.4 2.1 85.0 59.3

EH02 214.8 240.7 255.8

FL01 355.4

FL02 81.8 27.5 40.8 32.5 0.1 28.5 22.2 27.3 35.8

FL03 108.8 49.1 17.1 43.3 55.2

FL05 32.3 0.7 7.4

FL06 83.3 140.3 12.5 56.8

FL10 250.0 123.9 292.1 271.2

TL02 114.7 291.4 374.5 209.7 258.6 177.7 360.1

TL03 400.1 238.9 281.9

TL05 164.9 340.5 508.5 341.8 492.1 529.3 402.9

TL06 380.1 200.1

RS01 503.7 481.2 541.0 429.1 513.4 270.0 285.1

RS02 385.6


Filling records – cost of fuel actually supplied to machines

Cost/litre ($/litre) 1.0448

MACHMonth TOTAL

Consumption (litres) Cost (Excl VAT)EH01 761.4 $ 795.51 EH02 711.3 $ 743.17 FL01 355.4 $ 371.32 FL02 425.3 $ 444.35 FL03 452.8 $ 473.09 YT12 666.5 $ 696.36 YT13 608.1 $ 635.34 YT14 390.5 $ 407.99

FF 0.0 $ -GEN 0.0 $ -

TOTAL 25,764.8 $ 26,919.06


Capturing energy consumption data

• Various software packages available, most are online and have a monthly/annual fee.

• Can also use a spreadsheet (eg Microsoft Excel) or a database (eg MS Access)

• It can be complicated, particularly with many electricity meters/machines and time consuming

• Whichever system is used (online software, database, spreadsheet), will need to be configured/customised to the site.

• Need to make sure appropriate training is provided, and that data quality is checked.

• May be able to request data direct from suppliers in a spreadsheet format


Determining total energy use over a period

• Electricity and fuel supply records won’t correspond to the same periods of time. Eg, consider for the month of July.• There is an electricity bill from 23/6 to 21/7, and another bill

from 21/7 to 22/8.• There were tanker deliveries of diesel on 24/6, 15/7 and 2/8

to the large onsite tank; records have been kept of withdrawals from this tank to individual machines

• There were tanker deliveries on 29/6, 6/7, 14/7, 23/7 and 30/7 to the large crane.

• There was a delivery on 4/4 to the back up generator, which is used intermittently.

• What was the total energy consumption in July?


3 possible approaches

1. DON’T ADJUST. Only consider data with a July date on it: i.e. electricity bill to 21/7, machine filling records, crane tanker deliveries on 6/7, 14/7, 23/7 and 30/7

2. APPROXIMATE. Calculate the daily average for each bill, and multiply by the number of days in the month the bill applies to. Eg, for the electricity bill for supply from 23/6 to 21/7 there are 28 days. The consumption attributable to July is assumed to be 21/28 * total billed consumption. A portion of energy use from the next bill would then be similarly allocated into July.

3. MEASURE. Install meters that give daily consumption figures (eg an electricity interval meter, fuel flow meters and integrators on machines and crane)




Approach Plus Minus

Don’t Adjust Low cost, simple

Adequate for annual tracking of energy performance.

Can be hard to monitor energy intensity (eg kWh/TEU) accurately over short periods.

May not be able to easily do a month to month comparison.

Hard to assess if operational improvements are delivering results.

Approximate More accurate than ignoring, can roughly calculate monthly energy intensity (eg kWh/TEU)

Can generally compare month to month.

Can see the benefit of operational changes in 1 to 2 months.

More complex spreadsheet, more work to generate reports, and possibly more chance of errors.

Measure Most accurate, and enables determination of site energy intensity on a daily basis.

Can be used to “drill down” and look at energy intensity / energy productivity of individual machines.

Provides fast feedback on initiatives to save energy through operational control (eg operator training), can compare day to day.

Can more easily take into account external factors that may impact on energy use (eg the weather impacting on reefer energy consumption)

Requires cap ex in metering equipment

Requires a data collection system.

Large amounts of data and the most complex data management system.


Pulling it all together for your EM plan

• Decide how you will track your energy use (don’t adjust / approximate / measure)

• Begin roughly setting up a spreadsheet to enable the tracking of your energy consumption: open energytracker.xlsx

• Determine you annual total fuel and electricity usage.• Consumption• Cost • Emissions

• Within your boundary


Next Topic

• Energy Management Policy, Energy Manager









5 - Energy Management Policy

Energy Manager

Agenda

• Why have an Energy Management Policy

• Components of an Energy Management Policy• Other policies that should consider energy

• The role of Energy Manager


Why have an EM Policy

• Discussion / on whiteboard


What is a policy?

• “A deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes”

• “A statement of intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol”

• “Policies are generally adopted by the board of directors or senior governance body…. Procedures or protocols are developed and adopted by senior executive officers”

• (Wikipedia)


What is “good” energy management policy?• Discussion as to what good energy management

policy is


EM – developing an EnMS: Policy

States the organisation’s commitment to achieve energy performance improvement

May include longer term targets

Addresses purchasing policy

This is the driver for implementing a systematic approach to reducing energy use.

The dissemination and distribution of this policy is used as a driver to manage organizational behaviour.

It is documented and communicated at all levels within the organization.




There are many ways to improve energy performance • Overall energy

performance depends on many, many decisions

• A policy, backed up with procedures and protocols, and implementation of those procedures and protocols, can be really effective in guiding those decisions.


What decisions impact the energy performance of ports?• Discussion / on whiteboard

• What are the various policies that may impact on energy use?

• Policy is very important because it’s a guide to decision making.


Example EM Policies

• Sample policies:• http://www.newcastle.edu.au/about-uon/governance-

and-leadership/policy-library/document?RecordNumber=D09_2063P

• http://cdn.portofportland.com/pdfs/Energy%20Management%207.4.20%20Policy%20(2014-02-26).pdf

• https://www.norbar.com/Portals/0/EnMS003%20-%20Energy%20Policy%20-%20Issue%2002%20-%20251115.pdf?ver=2016-05-06-094933-630


New draft an energy management policy for your port• Refer to example template, step through it. Pay

attention to the performance criteria/validate it. DraftPort Energy Management Policy.docx

• Decide if you wish to reference ISO 50001 or not. “The purpose of this International Standard is to enable organizations to establish the system and processes necessary to improve energy performance, including energy efficiency, use and consumption.”

• Note: “Successful implementation depends on commitment from all levels and functions of the organization, and especially from top management.”


Other policies to consider energy

• Procurement

• Finance

• HR

• Asset Management

• Environment

• Refer to: List of Policies that impact on Energy Performance.docx


Energy Manager Role

• Responsible for the overall Energy Performance of the Organisation

• Responsible for implementing the Energy Management Plan


http://www.newcastle.edu.au/about-uon/governance-and-leadership/policy-library/document?RecordNumber=D09_2063P

http://cdn.portofportland.com/pdfs/Energy Management 7.4.20 Policy (2014-02-26).pdf

https://www.norbar.com/Portals/0/EnMS003 - Energy Policy - Issue 02 - 251115.pdf?ver=2016-05-06-094933-630



Energy Manager Activities• Collection of energy consumption data, data to enable the

determination of energy performance

• Reporting and tracking of energy / carbon performance (overall, sub-systems)

• Training to ensure operational practices maximise energy performance

• Working with operational managers to measure, report on and improve energy performance

• Development of proposals for energy performance improvement

• Project management of EE upgrades

• Communication of energy performance internally/externally

• Assistance with EE procurement, determination of cost/benefit


Useful Energy Manager Skills

• Technical understanding of energy (lighting, machinery, HVAC)

• Data collection/manipulation (eg spreadsheet skills)

• Training / engagement / effective at persuasion/influence

• Report preparation

• Project management

• Ability to develop a business case, including financials

• Refer to https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/11/f4/webcast_20100701_role_energy_manager.pdf


Activity

• Identify an energy manager for your organisation

• Who? Existing employee or new?

• Estimated time requirements, whether full time or part time.

• What training the energy manager will need

• What activities may need to be outsourced and managed by the energy manager

• Resourcing requirements: salary, tools.


Next Topic

• Energy Performance Targets


https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/11/f4/webcast_20100701_role_energy_manager.pdf








6 - Setting of Energy Performance Targets

Agenda

• Defining Energy Performance for your Port

• Sourcing and collecting data to enable determination of Energy Performance

• Considerations when setting a Performance target

• Determining how frequently energy performance can be determined


Defining Energy Performance for your Port• Depends on the type of port:

• Container – per TEU

• Passenger – per passenger

• Bulk goods – per tonne

• Mixed use. Multiple measures? Or just select one? Can usage be isolated?

• May depend on the extent of operational control/influence

• How many energy performance parameters will you measure?


EM: TEU handling energy intensity

• As reported by Wilmsmeier

• http://clacsec.lima.icao.int/Reuniones/2015/SemChile-TPA/Presentaciones/012.pdf

4


EM: TEU handling energy intensity

• As reported by Wilmsmeier

• http://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/news/files/eclac_maritime_and_logistics_bulletin_-energy_consumption_in_container_terminals_-_july_2015.pdf

5


EM: Data from 5 Australian ports

• DP World Australia Sustainability Report 2011

• Eg “An identified solution in reducing the fuel consumption of the RTG fleet was the purchase of more fuel efficient Kalmar E-One2 RTGs to replace two of the current aging Samsung RTG’s… The previous use of Kalmar RTGs within the terminal has indicated an average diesel consumption rate of 11.8 L/hr an improvement of 9.6 L/hr when compared with the Samsung RTGs they will replace.”

Note misleading

graph scales…

6


http://clacsec.lima.icao.int/Reuniones/2015/SemChile-TPA/Presentaciones/012.pdf

http://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/news/files/eclac_maritime_and_logistics_bulletin_-energy_consumption_in_container_terminals_-_july_2015.pdf



Sourcing data for determination of energy performance• Should be relatively easy to collect / already by

collected

• Should be reliable

• Ideally should enable comparison and benchmarking

• What is already being collected and can be used?


Performance Indicators for a Port Authority

• What might be appropriate energy performance indicators for a Port Authority? Discuss


Activity• Decide on what you think are

reasonable energy performance indicator(s) for your port or port authority.

• Is the data already available, or do you need to put in place a process to collect the data needed?

• Add this data to your energy tracking spreadsheet so you can track energy performance and performance improvements.


Considerations when setting a target• The extent of opportunity to reduce

• Available resources (skills, finance) now

• Ability to attract more resources for EM in the future

• How long it takes to get things to happen

• Constraints (eg lease agreements)

• Technical capacity


Extent of the opportunity to reduce energy use• Discussion as to what extent participants believe

energy use can be reduced in Pacific ports.


Energy Management Resourcing

• Fixed costs:• Data collection (time, cost of any software)

• Reporting

• Energy Manager Role

• Variable costs:• Energy Performance Improvement Projects




Resourcing discussion

• What resources might you have available now: eg• Balance sheet• Under-employed staff who may have skills useful to

energy management• Opportunities with a very fast payback that will provide

and so are self-financing in one or two budgetary cycles?• Re-negotiated energy supply contracts

• Other resources• Knowledge: Enormous amount of guidance available on-

line on energy efficiency/energy management. Eg. www.clean-energy-academy.com

• Finance: ? MTCCP contribution?


Ability to attract more resources in the future• “Quick wins” can be very useful to achieve this

• Set up a clear Energy Management budget, and allocate some of the savings achieved to this, so as to create and ongoing source of funds


How long does it take to get things to happen? Consider:• Getting board approval

• Developing a business case

• Accessing financing

• Tendering

• Implementation / Commissioning

• Monitoring and reporting on performance improvement

• Discussion: What is a reasonable time frame for one full cycle?


Constraints

• What constraints do you have?

• Is the “split incentive” between landlord and tenant a constraint?

• How long will it take to manage?


Technical Capacity

• How much capacity do you have to:• Manage energy consumption data (collection, collating

and analysis, reporting)

• Identify and quantify opportunities?

• Project Manage?

• Monitor and Continually Improve?

• Should you develop your own capacity, or outsource?


Targets – general guidance

• Over 5 years a 30% to 40% improvement in energy performance appears to be achievable by many organisations with a serious approach to improving energy performance

• In the first year you might achieve a 5% improvement as it can take a while to get set up for effective energy management.

• Depends on how good your existing energy management practices are.


http://www.clean-energy-academy.com/



How often can energy performance be determined?• Yearly? Monthly? Daily?

• Depends on data

• In general the longer the interval for measuring energy performance, the longer it will take to validate operational improvements


Activity

• Decide how frequently you will determine your energy performance

• Set a preliminary energy performance target for your port / port authority.


Next Topic

• Energy Management Plan









7 - Energy Management Plans

Agenda

• Contents of an Energy Management Plan

• Energy efficiency opportunities to consider

• Ways of identifying energy saving opportunities

• Calculating cost benefit

• Continual improvement

• Operational Procedures

• Drafting your plan


EM – developing an EnMS: Planning Reviewing energy use; sources and

current consumption, the areas of significant energy use, understanding what the drivers of energy use are, the energy performance of facilities, estimating likely future performance.

Identifying and prioritising opportunities to improve energy performance.

Establishing a baseline

Setting energy performance indicators against which energy performance is measured.

Setting specific targets for individual facilities, and developing an action plan along with a description of how results and performance will be measured and verified.

Allocates responsibility


Contents of Plan

• Work through the sample plan: Draft Energy Management Plan.docx


Applying the Energy Efficiency Hierarchy when identifying savings opportunities

1• Eliminate the need for the service

2• Reduce the need for the service

3• Improve system efficiency

4• Eliminate or reduce storage/transmission losses

5• Improve conversion efficiency (from energy supply source to end use form)


Effcy hierarchy example: Domestic hot water (1)

• Eliminate? • Personal cleanliness? Not really

possible/practical• Dishwashing? Not yet?

(substituting chemicals for heat)

• Laundry? – use chemicals (what about the impact of the chemicals?)

• Reduce the need for the service?• Frequency of use • Duration of use • Flow rate during use• Dishwasher / washing machine

with low water use

6




• System efficiency?• Any waste heat recovery opportunities? • Use of ozone in laundry• Hot water temperature set points

• Eliminate or reduce the need for storage / transmission?• Instantaneous vs storage• Storage insulation• Reduced distances, improved insulation

• Conversion efficiency.• Gas or electric, solar boost / only solar (tropics)? • Gas conversion / condensing flue• Electrical conversion / resistance heat pump

7

Effcy hierarchy example : Domestic hot water (2)


Some Port Energy Efficiency opportunities to consider• Vessels

• Buildings

• Yard

• Goods movement

• Other


Group discussion

• Apply the energy efficiency hierarchy to pilot boats







Vessels

• Such as pilot boats, tug boats

• Slow steaming / operator practices

• LED lighting fixtures

• Hull cleaning• New vessels• Shore to ship

power


Slow steaming/Speed - example11

Reduce speed by 1 knot (7%), reduce HP by 200 (25%), so over the same

distance reduce fuel use by around 20%


Opportunities to reduce speed

• Before arrival (so no need to wait for a berth)

• Through faster loading/unloading (giving more time at sea to meet the schedule)

• By extending port operational hours (allowing for earlier departures, later arrivals)

• Contractual arrangements

• Pilot boats/tugs. Depart dock 10% earlier, go at 90% of their former speed.

• Ferries: Cut down shore time to enable (slightly) slower steaming

• Inter-island cargo. Put in procedures so that everything ready for loading/unloading on arrival, to enable slower steaming.

12




Solar panel / LED lighting fixtures

• Retrofit vessels with LED lighting

• Solar PV/ small battery may be appropriate in some cases to avoid auxiliary generator operation


Engine management

• Operating at “the sweet spot” where the power to fuel consumption ratio is the lowest.• There are certain load and speed

conditions where engines operated most efficiently.

• Typically in the range of 70% to 90%

• For both propulsion and auxiliary engines (requires effective multiple aux mgmt)

• Maintenance

14

Image from IMO

Every engine has a different curve

Propellormust be

matched to engine!


Hull cleaningImage from IMO

15

Rate of decay depends on smoothness, coating type,

speeds, …


Propeller modification/replacement16


New vessels

• NZ, Americas cup vessel cat design

• Flettner rotor


Measurement and ship energy management• Monitor fuel consumption (meter on fuel line),

speed, distance.

• Cover both auxiliary and propulsion engines

• Provides data that provides feedback essential to be able to achieve sustained energy savings by implementing a SEEMP.

• Can’t manage, can’t lead, if you don’t measure

18




Buildings


Group discussion

• Apply the energy efficiency hierarchy to buildings







Lighting - office

LED / LED panelReliableBig savingsReasonable payback for lights usually in use

Occupancy sensorSwitch replacement sensors good for small roomsLunch rooms/conference rooms use a roof mounted sensor. Best where lights are often left on.

Daylight controlsWhere good daylighting already existsCan be technically challenging to installWork well with LED fixturesBest combined with occupancy sensor

SkylightsHighly visibleNeed to make sure the lights stay offMay have a longer paybackWatch for unwanted heat gain

Run-out timerGood for rooms with short usage (eg bathrooms, cupboards)


Lighting - warehouse

LED high bayInstant start, more efficient, reliable, big savings, technology has improved a lot, good economics for high use areas

Sky lightsPut a dimming circuit on lights for greatest benefit / with occupancy sensor

! May be difficult to find electricians with experience in occupancy sensors, very hard to find electricians with experience in dimming, your energy manager may need to get very technical and hands on in managing any such projects.


HVAC

Control- Eg time of use- Also temperature

control- For larger systems

may be relatively complex but savings can be large

Maintenance- Filters, actuators,

belts etc.

Heat recovery- Building should be

well sealed for greatest benefit

High effcy equipment- Large reliable

savings


Other building opportunities

Office equipment- Power management

settings – can deliver good relative savings at negligible cost

- Good energy start rating

Low flow water fixtures- Energy and water

savings (hot water)

Solar hot water- Or heat pump

More- Server room cooling- Lift control

Passive solar measures- Insulation- Shading- Orientation- Etc




Rooftop solar PV

• Reliable, big savings

• Eg Jurong Port, Singapore. 9.5MW solar PV system, offsetting 60% of port’s electricity requirements, at a cost of Singapore $30m

• Costs keep dropping

• Solar provider may be able to finance

• Can be highly competitive if you can attract many tenderers

• For best results don’t be lax about due diligence


Group discussion

• Apply the energy efficiency hierarchy to wharf lighting







Yard

• Lighting upgrade to LED• Technology example:

https://www.tigerlight.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Tiger-CaseStudy-ACFS.pdf

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJ7RMgKddzw

• Lighting control – only operate sections of light that are actually needed/dim (e.g. if no ships, then dim lights)

• Example: http://luxim.resilient.lighting/technology/case-studies/43-shipping-port-upgrades-to-lep

LED lighting- Same physics as solar

panels- Keeps getting better!


Goods movement

Operational Management

• Equipment selection/scheduling

• Workflow

High efficiency equipmenthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goiA_GFynuk“30%” rule

Tyre pressureand vehicle maintenance

Operator practices


Other

• Air compressor effcy/control

• Incinerator operation/heat recoveryPower factor correction- Benefit depends

on tariff- Provides $

savings, not energy or emissions savings

- Needed for reefers

Shore to ship power- Meter separately!

- Could be appropriate for

small 50Hz vessels moored for long

periods- Cuts local

pollution


Top measures for relatively large savings and a reasonable ROI• Reducing the need for a service

• Slow steaming

• LED lighting upgrade (building and yard)

• Solar PV on rooftops

• HVAC upgrade including control (if upgrading anyway)

• High efficiency materials handling equipment (if upgrading anyway)

• Power factor correctionThe Global MTCC Network (GMN) project is funded by the European Union and is implemented by the IMO 30

https://www.tigerlight.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Tiger-CaseStudy-ACFS.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJ7RMgKddzw

http://luxim.resilient.lighting/technology/case-studies/43-shipping-port-upgrades-to-lep

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goiA_GFynuk



Ways of identifying and quantifying opportunities

• Consult internally• Focus on those who control large energy uses

• Look for ongoing suggestions to improve energy use

• Undertake an Energy Audit• A key skill of auditors is being able to quantify the likely

saving from energy improvements


Cost benefit calculation

• Determine annual savings• Energy savings• Maintenance savings• Savings from reduced downtime• Etc

• Determine costs• Design and specification costs• Capital cost of measure• Project management costs• Shutdown costs• Etc

• Simple payback = costs/savings


Example cost benefit calculation

• All 600 interior fluorescent light fittings (“troffers”) in an office are being replaced with LED panels.

• The old fluorescent fixture had two 36 watt tubes. With the ballast, fixture power draw is 82 watts. The LED panels use 40 watts


More details• The office is in use 5 ½ days a week, for 48 weeks of the year

(allowing for a 2 week annual shut down, and 10 days of public holidays).

• Office hours are from 7:30 am to 6:30 pm, lights are switched on and off as people leave, most lights are on for 9 hours a day and 4 days on Saturday.

• 5% of lights don’t work

• Electricity costs $0.35/kWh

• Existing fluorescent tubes need replacing every 10,000 hours at a installed cost of $3/tube + $7/tube labour (2 tubes/fitting), costs are not expected to change

• LED light fitting costs $100 and $20 to install, fitting is expected to last for 50,000 hours and cost $50 in ten years time

• Disposing of old fluorescent fittings costs $5/fitting


Example calculations

• Refer to spreadsheet example_calcs.xlsx

• Simple payback is 5 years

• Discuss other considerations:• Future tariff increases

• Demand savings (depends on tariff)

• Risk

• Future plans for the building


How to Continually Improve

• Update the Energy Management Plan annually• Monitor energy performance at the smallest practical

interval• Have a “Monitoring and Targeting” approach where

operational behaviour and operational settings have a large impact on energy use

• Always be looking for ways to improve, and always be seeking ideas

• Technology continues to improve, follow technological developments

• Use scheduled plant and equipment upgrades to make step improvements in energy performance (30% rule)




Operational Procedures for EM

• The execution of routine procedures can have a large impact on energy use.

• Discussion – what procedures in ports can have a large impact?


2 procedures relevant to Ports

1. Yard lighting control• Best enabled by LED lighting / dimming

circuits, but may otherwise be possible

• Only operating lights when and where needed

2. Machinery operation• Operating for maximum efficiency


Activity

• Now complete the draft of your own draft Energy Management Plan

• Can base it on the template: Draft Energy Management Plan.docx


Next Topic

• Energy Management Tools









8 - Tools for Energy Management

Agenda

• Consultation tools

• Spreadsheet tools

• Measurement tools

• Checklist tools


Consultation tools

• The biggest barriers to improved energy performance may not be technical.

• Consultation and persuasion can overcome some of the non-technical barriers


Barrier Suggested consultative approach

“Split incentive” – the owner of the energy using asset doesn’t have operational control of it and doesn’t pay the energy bills.

Try to come up with a broad agreement on how to manage this (eg by increasing rental charges) up front. Look at the common benefit, try to structure any agreement so all parties win

A manager where operational decisions / behaviour can have a big impact on energy use isn’t engaged

Consult the manager early on, get their suggestions for energy improvements. Look at how benefits can flow to them, such as some of the savings going to their opex budget. Find ways to make it easy for them to do it (eg by covering the costs, providing personnel to help). Also look to see if improved energy performance provides other benefits that may be more highly valued.

Lack of financing Perhaps the issue isn’t actually a lack of finance, its concern about the risks of the project. Be open about discussing risks – some EE measures are risky and perhaps should be avoided. Make every effort to identify all risks and come up with a way of managing them. Also make every effort to identify all the benefits. If a measure is too risky, it might be better to drop it, but then focus and get support for low risk measures that might have a longer payback (eg solar PV)


Spreadsheet tools

• Energy consumption tracking: As already demonstrated (add to this performance tracking)…

• Cost/benefit calculation: As already demonstrated

• Quantitative risk assessment: Used by energy auditors when undertaking an investment grade audit.


Measurement tools

• Safety! Tools must only be used by those qualified and trained to do so: eg power measurements to be undertaken by an electrician

• Electrical power and energy measurement

• Fuel flow metering

• Illumination meter




Electrical power and energy measurement• Use to:

• Determine actual energy use• Sub-bill / allocate costs by

department / turn electricity consumption from a fixed cost to a variable cost that can be managed.

• Provide feedback to improve operational control

• Watch out for:• Ease of collecting data• Accuracy – easy to mis-install


Fuel flow measurement• Use for:

• Measuring volume supplied or actual real time fuel flow measurements

• Providing instantaneous feedback to drivers to aid in fuel savings

• Setting fuel intensity targets per TEU

• Selecting most efficient machine to use

• Watch for:

• Installation challenges: not easy to install on a vehicle and set up with a display that also integrates volume as well as flow rate

• Ease of data collection for reporting purposes


Illumination meter

• Use for• Ensuring safe lighting levels• Compliance with OH&S

requirements• Potentially identifying

savings opportunities from delamping in overlit areas

• Watch out for:• Accuracy / calibration cost


Checklist tools

• Why checklists?

• Suggested checklists


Suggested checklists

• Materials handling equipment

• Vessels such as pilot boats

• Wharf light control

• Maintenance activities (such as HVAC, vehicle maintenance)


What tools do you need?

• Identify / discussion




Next Topic

• Communicating and Promoting your Energy Management Plan; Summary









9 - Communicating and Promoting your EMP;

Workshop wrap up – next steps

Discussion

• Why communicate and promote?

• Who to communicate with?

• What to communicate?


Activity: Present your draft EM Plan• In groups of 3 Port Authorities. Each Port Authority

to present its EM Plan to the other group


Next steps – workshop wrap up

• Summary

• Suggested activities going forward

• Discussion led by MTCCP


Summary

• Energy Management enables the effective use of energy so as to continually reduce the financial and environmental costs of the energy consumed to deliver products/services and improve energy productivity.


Summary – How to Achieve Effective Energy Management• Develop an energy policy – a set of principles that guide

decisions about energy use – and reference energy management in purchasing, HR, finance and other policies as appropriate.

• Appoint an Energy Manager

• Develop an Energy Management Plan, which identifies the organisation’s energy use, its energy performance (egkWh/TEU), an Energy Performance Improvement Target, and outlines the activities that will be implemented, and resources required, to meet the target.

• Review performance and update the EMP annually.

• Address “split incentives” – eg between the Port Authority and the Terminal Operator




EM – ISO 50001

• Designed to assist organisations establish the systems and processes necessary to improve energy performance.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FacijJKQHRI

Energy review, establish baseline, EnPIs, objectives,

targets, action plans

States the organisation’s commitment to achieve energy performance

improvement. May include targets

Ensure competency and awareness, incorporate

into BAU, allocate resources

At scheduled intervals

7


Summary - Major Energy Savings Opportunities in PortsElectricity

• Lighting upgrades to LED / Lighting control measures

• Power factor correction

• Installation of solar PV

Fuels

• Driver training, close management of equipment fuel use (including maintenance, tyre pressure, vessel speed for pilot boats etc)

• Upgrades to more efficient equipment

• Workflow design so as to minimize distances/liftsThe Global MTCC Network (GMN) project is funded by the European Union and is implemented by the IMO 8

Discussion led by MTCCP

• Pacific Port Energy Management Collaboration and next steps


Thank you!

Its been a pleasure being your facilitator

Bruce Rowse

8020 Green Pty Ltd

Tel + 61 438 878 311

E: [email protected]

W: www.8020green.com; www.clean-energy-academy.com


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FacijJKQHRI

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.8020green.com/

http://www.clean-energy-academy.com/

REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN PORTS Auckland, New Zealand, 31 July – 2 August 2017

COLLABORATION AND NEXT STEPS

Workshop Participants Countries which attended and participated in the workshop were representatives of the Port Authorities from the Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu. The workshop was arranged and coordinated by MTCC Pacific with the assistance of SPC. Bruce Rowse of 8020Green was contracted by MTCC Pacific to facilitate the workshop.

Energy Management Initiatives at the Participating Port Authorities The participating ports are already implementing a wide range of good energy management initiatives. These are described in more detail below, along with intended future energy management activities.

The Cook Islands Ports description The Cook Islands has ports at Avatiu (Island of Raratonga) and Arutanga. Avatiu has a container wharf and a domestic shipping wharf. Arutanga has a small wharf with a barge. Annual container throughput is around 2900 TEUs. Role of the port authority The Port Authority directly controls and implements all port operations, except for stevedoring.

Initiatives implemented or in the process of being implemented with have improved energy performance

- Proper surfacing of the yard, eliminating pot holes so as to speed up movement and reduce downtime. Preventative maintenance activities such as regular cleaning so as to maintain the surface in good condition.

- Installation of stand-alone solar lighting; maintenance activities including replacement of charge controllers.

- Upgrading of air compressor, which has enabled vehicle tyres to be inflated to the correct pressure.

- Reduced idling. Previously vehicles would be left with their engines running all day, including at lunchtime.

- Minimisation of travel distances within the port. - Electricity meters installed on supply to each marina berth, with each boat charged for the

electricity it uses. - Changing of propeller on the barge, which is better matched to the engine and the hull,

which has resulted in fuel savings. Post workshop intent Preparation of an Energy Policy, appointment of an Energy Manager, and development of an Energy Management Action Plan.

Fiji Ports description Fiji Ports Corporation Limited operates the two main ports:

- Port of Suva, which has a container and cruise ship terminal, fishing wharf, interisland wharf and the headquarters building. Approximately 90,000 TEUs are processed annually at the main wharf.

- Port of Lautoka, which is a bulk cargo port. Secondary ports are Levuka, Vuda, Malau, Rotuma and Wairiki. Role of the port authority The Ports of Suva and Lautoka are landlord ports, with a terminal operator, 50% owned by the Ports Corporation, managing all cargo movements in the container and cruise ship terminal. At the other ports Initiatives implemented or in the process of being implemented with have improved energy performance Overall

- Reports on annual energy consumption in its annual report - In its agreement with the terminal operator provisions have been made for costs associated

with maintenance of port facilities owned by the Port Authority and used by the Terminal

Operator to be passed through to the Terminal Operator where such costs increase by more than 10%. This arrangement helps overcome the split incentive that can be a constraint on investments in more efficient equipment.

At the Port of Suva: - Installation of voltage reducers/optimizers on the power supply to wharf lighting. - Collection of fuel consumption data for each machine, collection of electricity consumption

data. - Energy audit. - Development of an energy projects action plan - Replacement of all internal lighting with LED - At the fishing terminal arranging for Fiji Electricity to directly bill tenants for their electricity

consumption. - Installation of timers on lighting circuits in the head office - Implementation of a Power Factor Correction trial on yard lighting.

Post workshop intent Preparation of an Energy Policy, appointment of an Energy Manager, and enhancement of its Energy Management Action Plan. Undertaking a more detailed energy audit of the Port of Suva and review of its energy management activities and plans. During this audit trials of improved driver training and a small yard lighting trial will be undertaken. An assistant port engineer is about to be appointed who will be given responsibility for Energy Management. Ongoing implementation of its energy management action plan.

Kiribati Ports description The Kiribati Port Authority operates the ports of Betio (HQ) and Christmas Island. Betio has a container wharf, processing around 11,000 TEUs annually. Role of the port authority The Port Authority directly controls and implements all port operations including stevedoring. It also provides a container delivery service. Initiatives implemented or in the process of being implemented with have improved energy performance

- Resurfacing of the wharf and yard, eliminating pot holes so as to speed up movement and reduce downtime.

- Switching yard lights to solar. - Relocation of engineering workshop to be closer. - Installation of a port control tower.

Post workshop intent Preparation of an Energy Policy, appointment of an Energy Manager, and development of an Energy Management Action Plan. A project officer with Masters Degree in Sustainable Energy has been recently appointed.

Nauru Ports description Nauru has one port, the Port of Nauru. There is no berthing wharf. Two conveyor lines enables the bulk loading of vessels with potash being exported by Nauru. Four multi-purpose barges are used for the movement of containers. A crane and forklift are used for unloading. Role of the port authority The Port Authority undertakes all movements from ship through to unloading at the wharf. Initiatives implemented or in the process of being implemented with have improved energy performance LED lighting is being installed to illuminate the port area. Post workshop intent An energy management policy will be developed along an energy management plan. The intent is to eventually appoint an energy management officer. When it comes to building a new port, the intent is to include energy efficiency measures in the specification.

Solomon Islands Ports description The Solomon Islands Port Authority manages the Ports of Honiara and Noro. Both ports are multipurpose, with container movements. Annual container throughput is around 32,000 TEUs. Role of the port authority The Port Authority directly controls and implements all port operations at both ports including stevedoring. Initiatives implemented or in the process of being implemented with have improved energy performance

- Upgrading of wharf lighting to LED at Honiara

Post workshop intent Preparation of an Energy Policy, appointment of an Energy Manager, and development of an Energy Management Action Plan. The Port has a strong focus on minimising its operational costs and is looking to reduce its energy use. An energy audit will be undertaken in August. Installing solar panels at Noro is a priority.

Tonga Ports description The Ports Authority Tonga Manages the Port of Nuku'alofa, with 1 passenger wharf and 1 cargo and container wharf. Annual container throughput is around 20,000 TEUs. Role of the port authority The Port Authority directly controls and implements all port operations including terminal operation (but not stevedoring) Initiatives implemented or in the process of being implemented with have improved energy performance

- Collection of fuel consumption data for each machine, collection of electricity consumption data.

- Record keeping of the movements of all machines, such as number of lifts and productivity measures.

- Checklists which drivers need to complete each morning. - Slow steaming, with the pilot boat and tug boat leaving 30 minutes early so as to minimize

fuel usage. - Reducing number of lights in use when cruise ships aren’t in the port. - Annual hull cleaning of the pilot boat and tug boat every third year (which goes to dry dock

in Fiji). - Purchase of two new reach stackers over the last two years, and two new trailers, which

have improved productivity whilst reducing use - A strong focus on minimising operational costs, including energy. - A 3% reduction in annual fuel usage in 2016, whilst the number of TEUs processed

increased. Post workshop intent Preparation of an Energy Policy, appointment of an Energy Manager, and development of an Energy Management Action Plan. Specifically it aims to develop energy intensity metrics, and is well aided in doing so by its existing good data collection systems. The intent is to integrate it with the financial reporting and data collection.

Vanuatu Ports description The Ports Authority Tonga Manages the Ports of Vila, Forari Bay and Santo. A new wharf for international cargo and cruise ships is nearing completion in Vila. Role of the port authority The Port Authority operates as a landlord. Initiatives implemented or in the process of being implemented with have improved energy performance

- LED wharf lighting Post workshop intent Undertake and energy audit. Preparation of an Energy Policy, and development of an Energy Management Action Plan.

Collaboration on Energy Management and Next Steps

Sharing of energy management activities Tonga: Sharing of energy performance data on each of its machines. Eg machine description, model number, fuel use per lift, fuel use per hour. Share information on hull cleaning Prepare a short video outlining its good energy monitoring and operational practices, showing:

- Pilot boat – entering data on consumption - Record keeping, number of lifts made by each machine - Driver inspecting vehicle and filling in a checklist - Pilot boat leaving early. Showing speed of boat as it goes out to minimise fuel usage. - Statement by the CEO

Cook Islands Preparation of a video outlining what it has done on energy management so far:

- Hardtop surface and surface maintenance - Anti-idling (ie show operator switching off) - Rationalisation of vehicle movements so as to minimize distances travelled (a diagram and

explanation of this would be nice) - Correct tyre pressure inflation - Solar lighting/solar controller upgrades (explain reason for controller upgrades) - Propeller selection for pilot boat - Metering of the marina berths - Push button lighting controls in marina - Statement by the CEO

Fiji

- Share results of upcoming yard lighting trials and fuel vehicle trials. - Video

Solomon Islands

- Share information on its LED lighting, and the lighting design undertaken.

Ideas for other activities An annual report distributed that benchmarks energy performance at each port (try to be as detailed as possible, ideally down to individual vehicle performance) and shares energy management activities at each port Coordination between ports to facilitate sharing of experience. Provision of an advisory service that ports can tap into for consultation/assistance on energy management. Further energy audits of selected ports

Documents

MARITIME TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION CENTRE PACIFIC …mtccpacific.spc.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Annex-3-presentations.pdfThe Global MTCC Network (GMN) project is funded by the European