Mark Scheme

• You will be awarded grades based on your investigation skills within Geography.

• Merits will also be available for the most detailed and colourful powerpoint slides.

LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 5 LEVEL 6 LEVEL 7

They ask and

suggest responses to a range of simple questions

They suggest relevant

questions

They ask relevant

questions and suggest sequences of

enquiry

They identify relevant

geographical questions & establish

sequences for their

investigations

With growing independence

they implement effective

sequences of questions and

select their own methods for

investigations

They observe,

collect and record

information indoors and

outdoors

They observe, collect,

measure and record

relevant data, in and out of doors

They collect, accurately

measure and record

relevant data from

different resources

They select, collect,

measure and record

relevant data, from a range

of sources including fieldwork.

They collect, measure and

record accurately more complex

data.

They find some

answers to their

investigation questions

They organise

information to present straight forward

conclusions to their

investigations

They use evidence and

draw plausible

conclusions from their

investigation

They analyse information

to provide logical

explanations and present conclusions which are

consistent with the evidence.

They analyse evidence to

construct and justify valid

explanations and substantiated conclusions.

Investigation skills IN geography

BBC WebsiteSpecial Report

Video – One Year Anniversary

IMAGES of China

earthquake

The Sichuan Earthquake,

China

Details of the Earthquake

This is where the

earthquake happened .

On the afternoon of May 12, 2008, a 7.9-magnitude earthquake hit Sichuan Province, a mountainous region in Western China, killing about 70,000 people and leaving over 18,000 missing. Over 15 million people lived in the affected area, including almost 4 million in the city of Chengdu.Since the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, which killed over 240,000 people, China has required that new structures withstand major quakes. But the collapse of schools, hospitals and factories in several different areas around Sichuan has raised questions about how rigorously such codes have been enforced during China's recent, epic building boom.

RichterApproximate

Magnitude

Approximate TNT forSeismic Energy

Yield

Joule equivalent Example

5.0 31.6 kilotons 134.4 TJ Nagasaki atomic bomb (actual seismic yield was negligible since it detonated in the atmosphere)Lincolnshire earthquake (UK), 2008

5.5 178 kilotons 747.6 TJ Little Skull Mtn. earthquake (NV, USA), 1992Alum Rock earthquake (CA, USA), 2007

2008 Chino Hills earthquake (Los Angeles, USA)

6.0 1 megaton 4.18 PJ Double Spring Flat earthquake (NV, USA), 1994

6.5 5.6 megatons 23.5 PJ Caracas (Venezuela), 1967Rhodes (Greece), 2008 Eureka Earthquake (Humboldt County CA, USA), 2010

6.7 11.2 megatons 46.9 PJ Northridge earthquake (CA, USA), 1994

6.9 22.4 megatons 93.7 PJ San Francisco Bay Area earthquake (CA, USA), 1989

7.0 31.6 megatons 132.3 PJ Java earthquake (Indonesia), 20092010 Haiti Earthquake

7.1 44.7 megatons 186.9 PJ Energy released is equivalent to that of Tsar Bomba (50 megatons, 210 PJ), the largest thermonuclearweapon ever tested 1944 San Juan earthquake

7.5 178 megatons 744.0 PJ

7.8 501 megatons 2.10 EJ

8.0 1 gigaton 4.18 EJ 1894 San Juan earthquake

8.5 5.6 gigatons 23.5 EJ Toba eruption75,000 years ago; the largest known volcanic eventSumatra earthquake (Indonesia), 2007

8.8 15.8 gigatons 66.3 EJ Chile earthquake, 2010

9.0 31.6 gigatons 132.3 EJ Lisbon Earthquake (Lisbon, Portugal), All Saints Day, 1755

9.2 63.1 gigatons 264.0 EJ Anchorage earthquake (AK, USA), 1964

9.3 89.1 gigatons 372.9 EJ Indian Ocean earthquake, 2004

9.5 178 gigatons 744.0 EJ Valdivia earthquake (Chile), 1960

10.0 1 teraton 4.18 ZJ Never recorded by humans

13.0 108 megatons 372.9 ZJ Yucatán Peninsula impact (causing Chicxulub crater) 65 Ma ago (108 megatons = 100 teratons; almost 5x1030 ergs = 500 ZJ)

The Causes of the Earthquake

The energy source of the Wenchuan earthquake and Longmenshan's southeast push came from the strike of the Indian Plate onto the Eurasian Plate and its northward push. The inter-plate relative motion caused large scale structural deformation inside the Asian continent, resulting in a thinning crust of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the uplift of its landscape and an eastward extrude. Near the Sichuan basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's east-northward movement meets with strong resistance from the South China Block, causing a high degree of stress accumulation in the Longmenshan thrust formation. This finally caused a sudden dislocation in the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture, leading to the violent earthquake of Ms 8.0." 33

Add map

The Social Effects

• It separate families and friends.• People moved away because they were physiological

damaged.• Friends and family died.• No school

Physical Effects

The older buildings and smaller residential properties performed far less well - there are large areas in which the structures have collapsed completely. Note the shut up shops on the far side of the tower. In fact, this central part of the settlement has been totally abandoned and is now like a ghost town with just a few people passing through on their way to somewhere else. The newer buildings mostly remained standing but have been so badly damaged that they are not usable. They have been stripped bare and the windows have been removed.

Economic Effects

• A month before the anniversary, China said it would spend an extra 8 billion yuan ($1.17 billion) on making schools in earthquake-prone areas safer.

Human Responses

• No school , no food.

• Friends and family died , no house.

Solutions to Earthquakes• Nothing can be done to prevent them as they occur naturally. But their effects can be reduced

Emergency Preparedness Plans : There are several preventative measures that people can take within their homes and at the office to reduce risk.

Earthquake education and preparedness plans can help significantly reduce death and injury caused by earthquakes. People can take several preventative measures within their homes and at the office to reduce risk. Supports and bracing for shelves reduce the likelihood of items falling and potentially causing harm. Maintaining an earthquake survival kit in the home and at the office is also an important part of being prepared.

In the home, earthquake preparedness includes maintaining an earthquake kit and making sure that the house is structurally stable. The local chapter of the American Red Cross is a good source of information for how to assemble an earthquake kit. During an earthquake, people indoors should protect themselves from falling objects and flying glass by taking refuge under a heavy table. After an earthquake, people should move outside of buildings, assemble in open spaces, and prepare themselves for aftershocks. They should also listen for emergency bulletins on the radio, stay out of severely damaged buildings, and avoid coastal areas in the event of a tsunami.

Other Interesting Info regarding Earthquakes

• The most recent earthquake was in Indonesia, 24 april 2010

• The most powerful earthquake was in Yucatán Peninsula • The most devestating earthquake of all time was in chile

in china• Earthquakes in Lincolnshire earthquake (UK), 2008• When an earthquake happens it is cause on plates

moving, so some parts on the sea have that same plate and it allows energy to go thought the water and it will create a tsunami, it will either die down, or it will hit land.

Useful Weblinks

• Seismic Scale

• Earthquake Locator

• Most Recent Earthquake Locations

• Chile Earthquake

• Why do earthquakes happen?

Games to finish!

Click on the links below to try your hand at protecting San Francisco from an earthquake:

• New Bridge Bay

• Build an earthquake proof city

• Earthquake Interactive Activity

• Quake Quiz

• Emergency!