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Mars: The Red Planet
By Sarah Wolbach
What does Mars mean?
Roman god of war
Red color is associated with blood
Observed by Ancient Romans
Discovery of Mars
First observed by Egyptians – 1570 B.C.
Galileo Galilei was the first to view Mars through a telescope – 1610 A.D.
Distances
Fourth planet from the suno 227,940,000 km away
Distance from the Earth:o Varies because of their orbitso Avg. 225 million km
Planet Measurements
Mass – 6.42 x 1023 km
Volume – 1.63 x 1011 km
Gravity – 3.71 m/s2
Density – 3.93 g/cm3
o Mars would sink in water
because it is more dense than water.
Orbit and Rotation
687 Earth days to orbit the sun
24 hours and 40 min to rotate on its own axis
Mars’ Atmosphere
100 times thinner than Earth’s 95.3% Carbon Dioxide 2.7% Nitrogen 1.6% Argon .13% Oxygen .08% Carbon Monoxide
Temperature Range
Much colder than Earth
Temperatures average -60° to -125° C
Can reach 20° C in the summer
Composition/Appearance
Rocky, thick layer of oxidized iron dust and rocks
Crust – volcanic basalt rock
Solid Core – iron, nickel, sulfur
“The Red Planet” High iron content Dusty surface Appears to be red from Earth
Moons
Phobos Deimos• asteroid-sized• 9,377 km above Mars• orbits twice a day• discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall
• asteroid-sized• 23,460 km above Mars• takes 30.35 hours to complete orbit• discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall
Water
Much of the water escaped because of the thin atmosphere and less gravity
Water contained in ice caps at north/south poles
More water is frozen beneath the surface and covered by red dust
What would happen if a human traveled to Mars?
No oxygen
Low gravity; could float
High radiation from Sun because of the thin atmosphere
Very cold temperatures
Special Features
Tallest mountain in the solar system – Olympus Mons
Longest, deepest canyon in the solar system – Valles Marineris
Similar tilt and seasons as Earth
Dust storms Winds over 125 mph Storms can last for weeks
Bibliography
Lavender, Gemma, Mphys. "Can We Make Mars Our Home?" Astronomy For Kids. KidsKnowIt Network, n.d. Web. Dec. 2013. <http://www.kidsastronomy.com/Men-on-Mars-article.php>.
"Mars: Facts & Figures." Solar System Exploration: Planets: Mars: Overview. NASA, n.d. Web. Dec. 2013. <http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mars>.
"Phobos and Deimos." ESA - Space for Kids. European Space Agency, n.d. Web. Dec. 2013. <http://www.esa.int/esaKIDSen/SEM4Q6WJD1E_OurUniverse_0.html>.
Redd, Nola Taylor. "Water on Mars: Exploration & Evidence." Space.com. TechMedia Network, 26 Sept. 2013. Web. Dec. 2013. <http://www.space.com/17048-water-on-mars.html>.
Sharp, Tim. "Mars' Atmosphere: Composition, Climate & Weather." Space.com. TechMedia Network, 3 Aug. 2012. Web. Dec. 2013. <http://www.space.com/16903-mars-atmosphere-climate-weather.html>.
Sharp, Tim. "What Is Mars Made Of?" Space.com. TechMedia Network, 3 Aug. 2012. Web. Dec. 2013. <http://www.space.com/16895-what-is-mars-made-of.html>.
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