Martin Luther, “Rejection of the Martin Luther, “Rejection of the Copernican Cosmology” June 4, Copernican Cosmology” June 4,

15391539““So it goes now. Whoever wants to be So it goes now. Whoever wants to be clever must agree with nothing that others clever must agree with nothing that others esteem. He must do something of his own. esteem. He must do something of his own. This is what that fellow does who wishes to This is what that fellow does who wishes to turn the whole of astronomy upside down. turn the whole of astronomy upside down. Even in these things that are thrown into Even in these things that are thrown into disorder I believe the Holy Scriptures, for disorder I believe the Holy Scriptures, for Joshua commanded the sun to stand still Joshua commanded the sun to stand still and not the earth [Joshua 10:12]and not the earth [Joshua 10:12]

New Science and ReligionNew Science and ReligionThree major issues:Three major issues: Certain scientific theories and discoveries Certain scientific theories and discoveries

conflicted with Scripture.conflicted with Scripture. Who resolves such disputes: religious authorities Who resolves such disputes: religious authorities

or natural philosophers?or natural philosophers? New science’s apparent replacement of spiritually New science’s apparent replacement of spiritually

significant universe with purely material one.significant universe with purely material one.

Catholic Inquisition places Copernicus’s Catholic Inquisition places Copernicus’s On the On the Revolution of the Heavenly SpheresRevolution of the Heavenly Spheres on Index of on Index of Prohibited Books, 1616Prohibited Books, 1616

Galileo Discusses the Galileo Discusses the Relationship of Science to the Relationship of Science to the

BibleBibleHow does Galileo ask people to look How does Galileo ask people to look

beyond the Bible?beyond the Bible?Why is Galileo more confidant in nature Why is Galileo more confidant in nature

than the Bible? than the Bible? How does Galileo pull the conflict between How does Galileo pull the conflict between

religion and science together? religion and science together?

Due to an endorsement of Due to an endorsement of Copernican theory in 1632, Copernican theory in 1632, ((Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the Worldof the World) Galileo was called to ) Galileo was called to the Roman Inquisition (1633)the Roman Inquisition (1633)

Roman Catholic authorities Roman Catholic authorities condemn Galileo, 1633—under condemn Galileo, 1633—under house arrest for last nine years of house arrest for last nine years of his lifehis life

Roman Catholic Church formally Roman Catholic Church formally admits errors of biblical admits errors of biblical interpretation in Galileo’s case, 1992interpretation in Galileo’s case, 1992

DeismDeismGod as a kind of cosmic clockmaker who God as a kind of cosmic clockmaker who

created a perfect universe that he does created a perfect universe that he does not have to intervene innot have to intervene in

The belief, based solely on reason, in a God who created the universe and then abandoned it, assuming no control over life, exerting no influence on natural phenomena, and giving no supernatural revelation.

Grew out of Newton’s natural law theoriesGrew out of Newton’s natural law theories

RationalismRationalism

The conviction that the laws of nature are The conviction that the laws of nature are fathomable by human reasonfathomable by human reason

Assumption and goal of the EnlightenmentAssumption and goal of the Enlightenment

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVRL3L1Fjwg&edufilter=scO_Mq_iPeSU9rbqR5CtTQ&safe=active

Summary: Science vs. ReligionSummary: Science vs. Religion

To what extent did a real conflict To what extent did a real conflict between science and religion develop between science and religion develop during the Scientific Revolution?during the Scientific Revolution?

Attempts to Reconcile Reason and Attempts to Reconcile Reason and FaithFaith

Use the Internet to summarize the Use the Internet to summarize the contributions of the following:contributions of the following:

Blaise PascalBlaise PascalBaruch SpinozaBaruch SpinozaDavid HumeDavid Hume

Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)

Pensees—Pensees—Pascal’s Wager—better to Pascal’s Wager—better to believe in God than not tobelieve in God than not toGain more if God exists; lose nothing if God Gain more if God exists; lose nothing if God

doesn’tdoesn’tDetermined to show that religion was not Determined to show that religion was not

contrary to reasoncontrary to reason Invented a mechanical calculatorInvented a mechanical calculator

Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)Jewish philosopherJewish philosopherdisagreed with Descartes’ separation disagreed with Descartes’ separation

of mind and matterof mind and matterDid not believe God was separate from Did not believe God was separate from

naturenaturePantheism (monoism)—God and Pantheism (monoism)—God and

nature are onenature are oneGod does not rule the universe by God does not rule the universe by

providenceprovidence

David HumeDavid Hume

Advocated questioning and examinationAdvocated questioning and examinationReason can only be backed by empiricismReason can only be backed by empiricismArgued against the existence of miraclesArgued against the existence of miracles

Francis BaconFrancis Bacon two books of divine revelation: the Bible and two books of divine revelation: the Bible and

naturenaturesince both books share the same author, they since both books share the same author, they

must be compatiblemust be compatible Economics: technological and economic Economics: technological and economic

innovation seen as part of a divine plan—man is innovation seen as part of a divine plan—man is to understand world and then put it into to understand world and then put it into productive rational use productive rational use