Martin TzanovDIS2005April, 2005 Introduction NuTeV experiment Differential cross section and structure functions Method Differential cross section extraction

Martin Tzanov DIS2005 April, 2005

Introduction• NuTeV experiment• Differential cross section and structure functions

Method• Differential cross section extraction• F2 and xF3 measurement

Results

Conclusions

Precise Measurement of the Differential Cross Section for and Scattering

(Final Result)

Precise Measurement of the Differential Cross Section for and Scattering

(Final Result)

Martin TzanovUniversity of Pittsburgh

Fe Fe

N


T. Adams 4, A. Alton 4, S. Avvakumov 8, L. de Barbaro 5, P. de Barbaro 8, R. H. Bernstein 3, A. Bodek 8,

T. Bolton 4, S. Boyd 7, J. Brau 6, D. Buchholz 5, H. Budd 8, L. Bugel 3, J. Conrad 1, R. B. Drucker 6,

B. T. Fleming 1, J. Formaggio 1, R. Frey 6, J. Goldman 4, M. Goncharov 4, D. A. Harris 8, J. H. Kim 1,

S. Koutsoliotas 1, R. A. Johnson 2, M. J. Lamm 3, W. Marsh 3, D. Mason 6, J. McDonald 7,

K. S. McFarland 8, C. McNulty 1, D. Naples 7, P. Nienaber 3,V. Radescu 7, A. Romosan 1,

W. K. Sakumoto 8, H. Schellman 5, M. H. Shaevitz 1, P. Spentzouris 1, E. G. Stern 1, N. Suwonjandee 2,

N. Tobien 3, M. Tzanov 7, A. Vaitaitis 1, M. Vakili 2,V.Wu 2, U. K. Yang 8, J. Yu 3, G. P. Zeller 5

1 Columbia University, New York, NY

2 University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

3 Fermi Nat'l Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL

4 Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS

5 Northwestern University, Evanston, IL

6 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR

7 University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

8 University of Rochester, Rochester, NY

NuTeV CollaborationNuTeV Collaboration


NuTeV DetectorNuTeV Detector

HADE,

E

Target Calorimeter:

• Steel-Scintillator Sandwich (10 cm)

-resolutionEE

E 86.0

• Tracking chambers for muon track and vertex

Muon Spectrometer:• Three toroidal iron magnets with five sets of drift chambers

cGeVpTB t /4.2,7.1

%11~11 pp MCS dominated

New feature: Continuous Calibration Beam

Hadron energy scale Muon energy scale %43.0

HAD

HAD

E

E%7.0

E

E

• Always focusing for leading muon

µ

W+

q q’


Neutrino BeamlineNeutrino Beamline

•NuTeV accumulated over 3 million neutrino/

antineutrino events in 1996-1997

20 ≤ E ≤ 400 GeV

• Wrong-sign /K are dumped

NuTeV selects neutrinos or antineutrinos

• High purity neutrino or antineutrino beam

- high y CC sample

- tag leading muon


Neutrino-Nucleon ScatteringNeutrino-Nucleon Scattering

,

,2

,2

sin4

2

22

E

E

Ey

ME

Qx

EEQ

HAD

HAD

3

2

22

2222

222

22

2),(1

41

221

1

1xF

yyF

QxR

QxMy

E

Mxyy

MQ

MG

dxdy

d

EW

F

Differential cross section in terms of structure functions:

Structure Functions in terms of parton distributions

T

L

VVNNN

NNNN

R

xcxsxxuxdxxqxxxqxF

xxkxqxxxqF

,2

,2

3

2

Squared 4-momentumtransferred to hadronic system

Fraction of momentum carried by the struck quark

Inelasticity

-scattering only


Extraction of the Differential Cross SectionExtraction of the Differential Cross Section

Differential Cross Section in terms of number of events and the flux:

ji

ijk

kijk

yx

N

Edxdy

d

E

11 2

Data sample (EHAD<20 GeV) is used to extract

the FLUX

Events selection criteria:

• Toroid muon :Good muon track, containment,

Eµ>15GeV, EHAD>10GeV, 30<Eν<360 GeV Q2>1 GeV2/c2

• Target muon: 4<Eµ<12GeV

Monte Carlo event generator is used for acceptance:

• Cross section model:

-QCD inspired fit using Buras – Gaemers1 param.

-Q2 evolution from GRV for Q2<1.35 GeV/c. Includes fit

for x>0.4 to SLAC, NMC and BCDMS to account for

non-perturbative behavior at low Q2 and high x

• Detector model:

- Eµ and EHAD resolution functions are parameterized

using Test Beam (TB) muons and hadrons

- θμ is parameterized as a function of EHAD and event

position using GEANT hit level Monte Carlo

1(A. Buras, K. Gaemers, Nucl. Phys. B132, 249 (1978))

DATA

CROSS SECTION Samples

FLUX Sample Toroid µ Target µ

FLUX CROSS SECTION

MONTE CARLO

Cross Section Model + Detector Response Model


Systematic UncertaintiesSystematic Uncertainties

ijjijiijM

TheoryDMTheoryD

12

i

iiii

i

SEyxdxdyd

SEyxdxdyd

2

,,,,22

The 2 including all systematic uncertainties is given by

There are 23 systematic uncertaintieswhich are considered:

• Eµ and EHAD energy scales affect both the flux and the diff. cross section extraction

• mc and flux uncertainty are important for the relative flux extraction

• neutrino world average cross section has 2.1% uncertainty – used to normalize the flux. (included as overall normalization)

• the uncertainty in the Eµ and EHAD energy smearing models.

• 16 model fit parameters.

Each derivative is calculated by varying the corresponding systematic Si by a small εi using:

M - point to point covariance matrixij - 22x22 correlation matrix of all uncertainties σαi - the size of systematic uncertainty i at data point α

%43.0

HAD

HAD

E

E%7.0

E

E

13.04.1 cm

•statistical uncertainty is added in quadrature to the diagonal element of the matrix


Monte Carlo Modeling of DataMonte Carlo Modeling of Data

Anti-


NuTeV CC Cross SectionNuTeV CC Cross Section

• All systematics are included.

• NuTeV has comparable statistics to other ν-Fe experiments.

• Reduction in the largest systematic uncertainties : - Eµ and EHAD scales

Other ν-Fe data shown on the plot: CDHSW(Z. Phys. C49 187, 1991) U. K. Yang CCFR Ph.D. Thesis

Eµ scale EHAD scaleE range

(GeV)CDHSW 2% 2.5% 20-200

CCFR 1% 1% 30-360NuTeV 0.7% 0.43% 30-360


NuTeV’s CC Cross SectionNuTeV’s CC Cross Section


NuTeV vs CCFRNuTeV vs CCFR

• NuTeV agrees with CCFR for x<0.4.

• Increasingly higher than CCFR at x> 0.4 - x=0.45 - 4% - x=0.55 - 10% - x=0.65 - 20%

Investigating the discrepancy with CCFR:• similar detectors and techniques• NuTeV has improved hadron energy calibration - 1-2% effect at x=0.65

• precise calibration of the muon spectrometer - the difference in the CCFR and NuTeV magnetic field models is an effective 0.8% shift in the muon energy scale - 5% at the x=0.65 • improved muon energy smearing model - 2% at x=0.65

• different model fit parameters - 3% effect at x=0.65

All together account for 11% of the 20%difference at x=0.65. Systematic errors are 6-7% atx=0.65. The two results will be in 1.5 agreement.

•Other differences are: - NuTeV had separate neutrino and antineutrino beams - NuTeV - always focusing for the “right-sign” muon - CCFR – simultaneous neutrino and antineutrino runs - CCFR toroid polarity was half of the time focusing for µ+ and half of the time µ-


F2 and xF3 MeasurementF2 and xF3 Measurement

• Perform 1-parameter fit for F2

• 1TR-VFS xF3 model

• 2Rw model1(R. S. Thorne and R. G. Roberts, Phys. Lett.

B 421, 303 (1998)).2(L.W.Whitlow et. al. Phys. Lett. B250, 193 (1990)).

3

2222

2

2

22

21

1

41

2212 xF

yy

R

QxMy

E

MxyyF

MEGdydx

d

dydx

d

F

3

2222

2

2

22

212

1

41

221 Fx

yy

R

QxMy

E

MxyyF

MEGdydx

d

dydx

d

F

• Perform 1-parameter fit for xF3

• F2 is very small and is neglected

F2 xF3

• Radiative corrections applied

(D. Y. Bardin and Dokuchaeva, JINR-E2-86-260 (1986))

• Isoscalar correction applied• Bin centering correction for Q2


F2 Measurement F2 Measurement

• Isoscalar ν-Fe F2

• NuTeV F2 is compared with CCFR and CDHSW results - the line is a fit to NuTeV data

• All systematic uncertainties are included

• All data sets agree for x<0.4.

• At x>0.4 NuTeV agrees with CDHSW

• At x>0.4 NuTeV is systematically above CCFR


xF3 Measurement xF3 Measurement

• Isoscalar ν-Fe xF3

• NuTeV xF3 is compared with CCFR and CDHSW results - the line is a fit to NuTeV data

• All systematic uncertainties are included

• All data sets agree for x<0.4.

• At x>0.4 NuTeV agrees with CDHSW

• At x>0.4 NuTeV is systematically above CCFR


Comparison with Charge Lepton Data for x>0.4 Comparison with Charge Lepton Data for x>0.4

• Baseline is NuTeV model fit

• data points are

•charge lepton data is corrected for:

- using CTEQ4D

- heavy target

lF

F

2

2

D

N

F

F

2

2

• the nuclear correction is dominated by SLAC data, which is at lower Q2 from NuTeV in this region

• NuTeV agrees with charge lepton data for x=0.45.

•NuTeV is higher than BCDMS(D2), different Q2 dependence

- 7% at x=0.55, 12% at x=0.65, and 15% at x=0.75

• NuTeV is higher than SLAC(D2) (bottom 4 plots)

- 4% at x=0.55, 10% at x=0.65, and 17% at x=0.75

Perhaps the nuclear correction is smaller

for neutrino scattering at high x.

BG

BGDATA

F

FF

2

22

Q2


Comparison with Theory for F2 Comparison with Theory for F2

• Baseline is TRVFS(MRST2001E)

• NuTeV and CCFR F2 are compared to TRVFS(MRST2001E)

• Theoretical models shown are: - ACOT(CTEQ6M) - ACOT(CTEQ5HQ1) - TRVFS (MRST2001E)

• Theory curves are corrected for: - target mass (H. Georgi and H. D. Politzer, Phys. Rev. D14, 1829) - nuclear effects – parameterization from charge lepton data, assumed to be the same for neutrino scattering (no Q2 dependence added) nuclear effects parameterization is dominated by SLAC (lower Q2 in this region) data at high-x

• NuTeV F2 agrees with theory for medium x.• At low x different Q2 dependence.• At high x (x>0.6) NuTeV is systematically higher.

TRVFS

TRVFSNuTeV

F

FF

2

22


Comparison with Theory for xF3 Comparison with Theory for xF3

• Baseline is TRVFS(MRST2001E).

• NuTeV and CCFR xF3 are compared to TRVFS(MRST2001E)

• Theoretical models shown are: - ACOT(CTEQ6M) - ACOT(CTEQ5HQ1) - TRVFS (MRST2001E)

• theory curves are corrected for: - target mass (H. Georgi and H. D. Politzer, Phys. Rev. D14, 1829) - nuclear effects – parameterization from charge lepton data, assumed to be the same for neutrino scattering (no Q2 dependence added) nuclear effects parameterization is dominated by SLAC (lower Q2 in this region) data at high-x

• NuTeV xF3 agrees with theory for medium x.• At low x different Q2 dependence.• At high x (x>0.6) NuTeV is systematically higher.

TRVFS

TRVFSNuTeV

xF

xFxF

3

33


Comparison with Theory at Low x Comparison with Theory at Low x

• both NuTeV and CCFR agree in level with theory in the shadowing region (except CTEQ6M)

• the red curve is TRVFS(MRST) using the following model for nuclear correction: NUCLEAR SHADOWING IN NEUTRINO NUCLEUS DEEPLY INELASTIC SCATTERING. By Jianwei Qiu, Ivan Vitev (Iowa State U.),. Jan 2004. 7pp. Published in Phys.Lett.B587:52-61,2004 e-Print Archive: hep-ph/0401062


NuTeVPack NuTeVPack

• NuTeVPack is a user friendly interface to access NuTeV cross section data

• The data represents the NuTeV neutrino and anti-neutrino differential cross section on IRON, along with a full covariance matrix containing all systematic errors. There are no corrections applied to the data. (all radiative effects are in). Data is binned in 12 x-bins, 13 y-bins and 17 E-bins.

• A new version of the package allows access to each systematic error separately, as well as combination of systematic errors. (requested by theorists) It will return the covariance (or inverse covariance) matrix for the chosen set of systematic errors. The statistical error is always added in quadrature to the diagonal. Will be available by the end of DIS2005. We strongly recommend the use of the full covariance matrix. Even in a case of one systematic error there is a bin-to-bin correlation in the data.

The NuTeVPack is available for download here: http://www-nutev.phyast.pitt.edu/results_2005/nutev_sf.html


ConclusionsConclusions• NuTeV has extracted high precision differential cross section.• NuTeV measurement is in an agreement with previous experiments - agrees with CDHSW - agrees with CCFR for x<0.4 and systematically higher at high x 4% at x=0.45, 10% at x=0.55, 20% at x=0.65 - NuTeV has an improved detector calibration compared to CCFR. - accounts for 11% of the 20% discrepancy at x=0.65. Both results would be in 1.5 agreement.

• NuTeV agrees with charge lepton data for x<0.5. - perhaps the nuclear correction at high-x is smaller for neutrino scattering.

• NuTeV agrees with theory for medium x. - at low x different Q2 dependence. Q2 dependent nuclear shadowing. - differs in level at x>0.6.

• NuTeVPack is available on the web: http://www-nutev.phyast.pitt.edu/results_2005/nutev_sf.html

Future:• Target sample cross section and QCD fits.

FeFe


Flux ExtractionFlux Extraction

Relative flux extraction using “fixed 0 method”

• We can rewrite the differential cross section in terms of ν=EHAD integrate over x.

,0,

221

0 2

2

1

0

23

22

221

0 2

2

2,,,

,

,,

,,,,,

,2

AEd

dN

RABQxRdxQxFMG

BC

dxQxxFQxFMG

BdxQxFMG

A

EC

EBAEd

dN

TERMTERMF

FF

1,1

21,

,2

22

2322

2

322

22

Mx

QxR

MxQxRwhere

FRxFFE

xFFE

FMG

ddx

d

LTERM

TERM

dy

yAC

yAB

dyEdN

EE

0

0

2

21

Normalizing the relative flux

• using world average neutrino cross section for 30GeV < E <200GeV

GeV

cm

E

23810014.0677.0

•the neutrino cross section is flat as a function of E within less than 2%

• the relative antineutrino cross section agrees with the world average

E


Nuclear CorrectionNuclear Correction


Buras-Gaemers Parameterization Buras-Gaemers Parameterization

• Valence quark distributions parameterization:

654321 111 32EEEEEE xxAVxxAVxx

• Sea quark distributions parameterization:

21 11 21ESES xASxAS

• The exponents Ei and ESi and the normalization

coefficients AVi and ASi are fitted to NuTeV differential

cross section data.

• 13 parameters to fit. Fit includes standard QCD evolution, assumes R=Rworld, charm mass, W-mass and sea constraint from dimuon data.


Acceptance CorrectionAcceptance Correction


Radiative CorrectionRadiative Correction


Higher TwistHigher Twist

• fit to ep, ed data (SLAC, NMC,BCDMS) to account for Target Mass and Higher-Twist effects in parton level cross section model• important at high x and low Q2

Documents

Martin TzanovDIS2005April, 2005 Introduction NuTeV experiment Differential cross section and structure functions Method Differential cross section extraction