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Wangka Maya's Martu Wangka - English and English - Martu Wangka Dictionary. Martu is the language spoken by about 800-1000 aboriginals in Newman, Western Australia and the surrounding desert.
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Martu Wangka Dictionary
Martu Wangka – English
A - a
-arri verb suffix (Ø+wa class). used to become something. miralarringu to become visible. manarrarringu to
get tired. tikirlarringu to get dry. pukurlarringu to become happy. Gram: Inchoative. Attaches to a
nominal ending in a consonant and is suffixed with -rri tense suffixes Gram: -rri after a nominal ending in a vowel.
I - i
ini noun. name. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Vocalising and Thought. Phon: This is one of a few words
recorded which begins with a vowel.
ipi noun. mother. Category: People and Kinship. Phon: This word is one of a few recorded which begins with a
vowel. Socio: This word is not used at Jigalong at the present time because of a death of a person with a name with similar sounds.
J - j
-ja noun suffix. 1 • in.
2 • on. Tatirnu jiingka tikirlja. He climbed on this dry one.
3 • at. Category: Direction and Location. Phon: For some speakers, -ja is used after any word ending in a
consonant; for other speakers, -ja is used after words ending in ly, ny or rr.
-jala derivational suffix (jula class). used to do something. Kumpujala! Urinate! Category: Impact. Gram: Takes
the same tense suffixes as -ju~.
jaa noun. mouth. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jaa pakala verb, intransitive (la class). used to open one's mouth. Category: Bodily Functions. Gram: With -rnu
in Marsh's eg.
jaaji noun. church. In Biblical context also synagogue. From: English. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony,
Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jaajpa noun. church. From: English. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Artefacts Constructions and
Personal Objects.
jaakampa noun. tree with edible fruit. The fruit of this small tree is eaten. Too much is said to burn the
mouth, thus the name jaakampa. Lit: mouth + burn. Canthium latifolium. Category: Plants.
jaaku noun. just a taste. Lit: mouth + for. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
jaalpu noun. self. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
jaalpu wangkangu phrase. group talking together secretly. Category: People and Kinship.
jaalpu-jaalpu descriptor. into separate groups. Category: Number and Quantity.
jaalpumala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to separate. Category: Impact.
2 • used to divide. Category: Impact.
jaalypa noun. a whisper. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
jaamalya descriptor. whisper. Jaamalya wangkangu. He whispered. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Sounds.
jaamankarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). mouth to become open. Category: Bodily Functions.
jaamiji-miji noun. 1 • kind of devil. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • cannibal being. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
jaamurtula verb, transitive (la class). used to cover mouth. Category: Impact.
jaangkala verb, transitive (la class). used to feed someone. Category: Bodily Functions, Food Cooking and
Fire.
jaangkajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to feed someone, particularly initiates. Lit: mouth-in-put-it. Category: Bodily Functions, Food Cooking and Fire.
jaangkayuwulypa Variant: jangkayurrulypa. noun. sugar. The nectar of plants with the sugar is collected. Category: Elements, Plants.
Jaanpa noun. John. Category: Names and Place Names.
Jaanti noun. Sunday. Category: Time.
jaapa noun. evening meal. From: English. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
jaapala descriptor. sharp. From: English. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
jaapi 1 • noun. hot meat. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • descriptor. hungry for meat. Not "tin of meat", but "real" meat. Category: State.
jaaputa noun. someone who says bad things about others. Lit: mouth + bad; "bad-mouthing" people. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
jaarlurrpanyjanpa-ya phrase. they were being noisy.
jaarlurrparlurrpa noun. 1 • sound of activity. Category: Sounds.
2 • confusion of sounds. Jaarlurrparlurrpa-ya. They were making busy sounds. Category: Sounds.
jaarramula verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to stir up others and make them angry. Category: Vocalising
and Thought, Mood and Character.
2 • used to make angry. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
jaarramurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to start. From: English. Jaarramurrini kalyu. The water
started flowing. Category: Motion.
jaarta noun. shirt. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jaartipala noun. 1 • dirty person. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • one who needs washing. Category: People and Kinship.
jaawaja noun. trousers. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jaawarlula verb, intransitive (la class). used to yawn. Category: Bodily Functions.
jaja 1 • noun. food in baby talk. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • interjection. Eat it! in baby talk. Category: Interjections.
jajala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to horde. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to fail to share (particularly regarding food). Category: Holding and Transfer.
jajarrala verb, transitive (la class). used to winnow by hand. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jajarrapuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to tip yandy to clear rubbish. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to winnow grain. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jaji noun. food taboo. Custom following death of close family member (possibly English loan word) to refrain
from certain foods following the death of a relative. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
See: jaminypa. Gram: Possibly English loan.
Jajuwa noun. Joshua. Category: Names and Place Names.
-jaka noun suffix. like that; thus. ngurlujaka always frightened; coward. Category: Mood and Character. Gram: Characteriser
jaka-jaka descriptor. tired. Category: State.
jaka-jakarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become tired. Jaka-jakarringu. He became tired. Category: Stative Verbs.
Jakamarra noun. subsection name. From Pintupi area. Category: People and Kinship, Names and Place
Names, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jakapiri noun. 1 • sandle made from jakapiri plant. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal
Objects.
2 • string made from jakapiri plant. Used to tie axe head onto handle. Category: Artefacts
Constructions and Personal Objects.
3 • bird flower. Crotalaria cunninghamii. Category: Plants.
jakarlpa descriptor. dry. Category: State.
jakarrpa descriptor. quietly. Without a sound. Jakarrpa yanku. He will go along without a sound. Category: Manner and Posture, Sounds.
jakarrpunaja noun. silent movement. As walking without a sound. Category: Motion, Sounds.
jakata noun. holly-leaf grevillea. Edible nectar.Belongs to the wama group of plants. Grevillea wickhamii. Category: Plants.
jakilarta noun. crow. Young crows are said to be eaten. Corvus orru. Category: Birds.
jakipirri noun. emu. Dromaius novae-hollandiae. Category: Birds.
-jaku verb suffix. 1 • possibility.
2 • might. Miturrijaku. He might die.
jakulpa kawa verb, transitive (wa class). used to spread a message around the place. Category: Vocalising and
Thought.
jakulpa kati verb, transitive (Ø class). used to spread a message around the place. Category: Vocalising and
Thought.
jakulyjula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to report a message. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to tell on someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
jakulypa Variant: jakurlpa. noun. 1 • a report. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • feedback. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
3 • message. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
Jakulyukulyu noun. women from Dreaming. Part of the Tingarri cycle; the "Seven Sisters". Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
jakurlpa Variant: jakulypa. noun. 1 • message. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • report of some incident. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
jakurlpurluka noun. 1 • one who has a message. Biblical context mamamili jakurlpurluka. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • prophet; apostle. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jala noun. 1 • spit. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • saliva. Category: Body Parts and Products.
Jalamanpa noun. Solomon. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
jalamula verb, transitive (la class). used to sell. From: English. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jalinynguru phrase. by the point. Jalinynguru kanyila. Hold the pointed end of the spear.
jalinypa descriptor. sharp (as a point). Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
jalirrpa noun. wild onion. Cyperus bulbosus. Category: Plants.
jalkala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to let go. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to send. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jalkuran noun. paperbark tree. Melaleuca sp.. Category: Plants.
jalkurrpurta noun. paperbark tree. Melaleuca sp.. Category: Plants.
jalpinypa noun. species of grevillea. This plant has orange/yellow flowers. Edible nectar. Belongs to the
wama group of plants. Probably the desert grevillea. Grevillea aff. eriostachya. Category: Plants.
jalura noun. type of cloud. One that travels low; just building up; a "snakes mist". Category: Elements.
jalurapuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to see a cloud coming. Category: Bodily Functions.
jalurayarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to go along (of a cloud). Category: Motion.
jaluru noun. old woman. Category: People and Kinship.
jalyirrjala verb, transitive (jala class). used to clean bones for reburial. Part of the Laka ceremony. Category: Impact, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jalyirrjurra verb, transitive (rra class). used to throw leaves on a mourner at a funeral. Category: Holding and
Transfer, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jalyirrjunu phrase. he threw the leaves on the mourner. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
jalyirrpa noun. leaves used ceremonially at funeral. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
jalyjakarra noun. hair sticking up from fright. Jalyjakarra pakarnu. The hair stood on end from fear. Category: State.
jalyka noun. mulga seed. Category: Plants.
jalykarra descriptor. new. Anything brand new. Category: Value.
jalypa descriptor. 1 • still. Category: Time.
2 • yet. Category: Time.
jalypa noun. 1 • stone knife. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • flint. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jalypajunu verb, transitive (unclassed). 1 • continued to do something. Category: Impact.
2 • refused to stop doing something. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram: -nu used in Marsh's eg
which has an infinitive translation.
jalyu noun. baby talk for water. Category: Elements.
jamana noun. foot. Category: Body Parts and Products.
-jamarra noun suffix. because of. Pinirringu maparnjamarra. He ran away because of the maparn. Gram:
This suffix is used after a word ending in a consonant. Gram: used after a word ending in a vowel
jamarta noun. promise or promised girl. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jamarta warla verb, (Ø class). used to break a promise. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
jamartajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to promise something. Such as a blanket, firewood or one's
daughter in marriage. Jamartajunu-lun. You promised it to him. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
jamartapuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to offer something. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to promise something. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
3 • used to ask. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
jaminpara noun. novice in the law. Initiated but still more things to learn. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jaminypa1 noun. 1 • funeral activity. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony. See: jaji.
2 • recent initiate. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jaminypa2 noun. blackheads. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
Jamiriya noun. Samaria. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
jamirti noun. term for grandfather and grandson relationship, or cross cousin relationship. "Joking mates";
could be in a grandfather-grandson relationship or a cross-cousin relationship--Karimarra-Panaka or Purungu-Milangka; they can talk and laugh together; "like a brother"; this term applies to men--the
term yinkarni applies to women; other similar terms are wajirra, makurnta/fv:makurta, yungkuri). Category: People and Kinship.
jamirti-jamirti noun. two mates. Category: People and Kinship.
jamirtirra noun. two people in jamirti relationship. When men and women are in this relationship they are
not allowed to marry; they are like brother and sister. Category: People and Kinship.
Jamiyulpa noun. Samuel. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
jampa particle. 1 • if. Category: Particles.
2 • when. Category: Particles.
3 • while. Jampa-n nyaku, mirraku-n. When/if you see it, call out. Category: Particles.
jampajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to bury something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jampakarta descriptor. soon. Category: Time.
jampalyu descriptor. 1 • short while. Category: Time.
2 • quickly. A relative term as in "He quickly grew up". Category: Manner and Posture.
jampangka noun. 1 • at the grave. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects, Dreaming
and Ceremony.
2 • graveside. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jamparnpa noun. species of wallaby. This is said to be like a Rufous hare-wallaby. Category: Animals.
jampu noun. 1 • left hand. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • a left-handed person. Category: People and Kinship.
jampukarti phrase. 1 • to the left. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • with the left hand.
jampungka phrase. on the left side. Category: Direction and Location.
jamu noun. 1 • term for grandfather and grandson relationship. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • ancestor. Jamumili-n wangka kangku. Keep the words of your grandfather/ancestors. Category: People and Kinship.
jamujarra noun. grandfather and grandson relationship. Category: People and Kinship.
jamunu noun. initiated man (early stage). Term applies to boys, women and whitemen, too; a person who
doesn't know much; a man who hasn't been through higher levels of the Law. Category: People and
Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jamunyjanirri noun. 1 • grandfathers. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • male ancestors. Category: People and Kinship.
jamurarra noun. grandfather and grandson relationship. Category: People and Kinship.
jamurnpa particle. 1 • when. Jamurnpa maa-pinirringu, yarrarnu-rna wakarnu. When it tried to run away,
I speared it again. Category: Particles.
2 • while. Category: Particles.
3 • almost. Category: Particles.
4 • just about. Category: Particles.
jana noun. kind of devil. Described as an old woman with sharp teeth. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
-janampa pronoun suffix. for them, theirs. Marlpa-janampa ngaakajaku. He is a companion for them. Category: Pronouns.
-janampalura pronoun suffix. away from them (plural). Kayila-lijujanampalura yanu ngurrakarti. And we
two when away from them to camp. Category: Pronouns.
-jananya pronoun suffix. them; to them; at them. Nyangu-lajujananya martukaja. We saw (them) those
Aborgines. Yanu-jananya. He went to them. Nyinangu-rnajananya. I sat/stayed with them. Category: Pronouns.
janarri noun. 1 • person who avoids deserved punishment. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • person who won't admit to pain. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
janarrirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get away with a crime. Category: Motion.
janarriyarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to escape punishment. Category: Motion.
janayuru noun. like a type of devil (jana). A term used to describe someone who is particularly brutal and
cruel. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
janga noun. 1 • spit. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • saliva. Category: Body Parts and Products.
janga pakala verb, intransitive (la class). used to foam at the mouth. Used of a person in a fit. Category: Bodily Functions.
jangajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to spit. Category: Bodily Functions.
jangajunu munyjuly phrase. to spit out yellow phlegm.
Jangakulyjurni-ra jiiku idiom. He wants that very much. Idiom. Lit: spit-swallowing-for-it that-for.
Jangala noun. subsection name. Used instead of Panaka, from Pintupi. Category: People and Kinship, Names and Place Names, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jangalyi noun. dog. Category: Animals.
jangara noun. 1 • giant devil from Jukurtani times. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • cannibal devil. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
Janga-ra kulyjurni jiiku idiom. He wants that very much. Lit: spit-for-it is-swallowing that-for.
jangi noun. firestick. Jangi-ra yungu. He gave him a firestick. Category: Elements.
jangiwinti noun. new initiate. A jangi is given to the initiate by his mother-in-law; the jangi represents the
wife he will receive. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jangka-jangkati verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to walk along with legs apart. Category: Motion, Manner
and Posture. Gram: -ngu PAST
jangkarri descriptor. pretty. Category: Value.
jangkati verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to waddle along. Category: Motion.
jangkayurrulypa Variant: jaangkayuwulypa. noun. sugar. The nectar of plants with the sugar is collected. Category: Elements, Plants.
jangku noun. nest. Category: Birds.
jangkujula verb, transitive (jula class). used to build a nest. Category: Impact, Birds.
jangkulyarra verb, intransitive (rra class). 1 • used to be full of something. Category: Stative Verbs, Number
and Quantity.
2 • used to be satisfied (as with food). Category: Stative Verbs, Food Cooking and Fire.
3 • used to have enough of something. Category: Stative Verbs.
jangkurru noun. hat. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jangu noun. tobacco. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
jani noun. pubic covering. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
janikurtinypa noun. 1 • species of seed. Tiny seeds from short grass plant, ground for food. Category: Plants.
2 • species of grass. Category: Plants. See: wilyki.
janingu noun. guts (including the liver). Category: Body Parts and Products.
janingu noun. small bite of food. Janingu-rna ngalkura. Ill eat the bits of food (while I'm waiting for the
proper meal). Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
jankawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to reckon oneself as bad/not good enough. Category: Vocalising and
Thought.
jankanyjankanypa noun. one who strongly disregards or rejects another. Category: People and Kinship,
Mood and Character.
jankinpa noun. one who doubts. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
jankurru noun. hat. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
janmajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to put damper on top of hot coals. Perhaps just toss it on.
Janmajunu. Ka-rni yungu. He cooked the damper on top of the coals and gave it to me. Category: Holding and Transfer, Food Cooking and Fire.
jannga noun. 1 • ladder. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • step. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
janngala verb, transitive (irregular). used to gobble food. Category: Bodily Functions, Food Cooking and
Fire.
janngajunu verb, intransitive (unclassed). made a step. Category: Motion. Gram: With -nu in Marsh's PAST eg.
janpi noun. spinifex grass. Triodia sp.. Category: Plants.
jantaju noun. thunder. Category: Elements.
jantalypa noun. very bad sore. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
jantaparrpa noun. 1 • shoes. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • boots. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jantarrngara verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to kneel. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and Posture.
jantaru noun. 1 • wild honey. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • bees. Category: Insects.
jantaru muunurrku noun. honey bee. Category: Insects.
Jantayi noun. Sunday. Category: Names and Place Names.
jantipuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to talk about someone. Jantipungkupayi. He was talking about him. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
jantu noun. things. Category: Elements.
jantukaja noun. things. Category: Elements.
jantulpa noun. 1 • bundle of one's possessions, particularly weapons. Category: Artefacts Constructions and
Personal Objects.
2 • things belonging to a person. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jantupayi noun. person who goes and gets his weapons as soon as an argument starts. Category: People and
Kinship.
jantuwinti descriptor. with a bundle of something. Jantuwinti parra-yikini nyarra. He is standing about
with a bundle of his possessions. Category: Manner and Posture.
-janu noun suffix. 1 • out of. Ngurrajanu-rni pinirringu. He came here from camp. Julyjujanu-rna nyinani
ngaangka. I've been living here for a long time. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • because. Ngarrini ngarnta wamajanu. He is lying down ill because he drank wama. Category: Impact.
janyipuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to chop something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to hit head in grief. Category: Impact.
3 • used to split bone for marrow. Category: Impact.
janyji noun. egg. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, Birds.
janyjuru noun. gidgee tree. This is possibly a gidgee. Acacia sp. (?). Category: Plants.
janykan-janykanpa descriptor. 1 • reckless. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • rebellious. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • selfish. Totally, with no thought for others. Category: Mood and Character.
janyungu noun. tobacco. Category: Plants.
japalja descriptor. at the meeting/crowd. Category: Direction and Location, People and Kinship.
japalpa noun. 1 • big mob. Pakarnu-ya martukaja japalpa. A large mob of people arrived for the meeting. Category: People and Kinship, Number and Quantity.
2 • group of people. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • meeting. Ngayumililu-rni mamalu yanu katingu japalkarti. My father came and took me to a
big law meeting. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, People and Kinship. See: yarnnga.
japanpa descriptor. seven. From: English. Category: Number and Quantity.
japila verb, transitive (la class). used to ask. Ka-laju japirnu, "Wanyjakarti-ya yanu?" And we asked him,
"Where have the others gone?" Japila-ra mirrkaku. Ask him for food. Japila-jananya, "Yankura-la
wurna?" You ask them, "Are we going on a trip?" Japila-janampa martukajaku, nyaarta-ya
wayinkatiku. You ask the men when they are going to arrive? Category: Vocalising and Thought.
japil-japilpa noun. person who asks lots of questions. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
japilparni descriptor. without asking. Didn't let others know about something. Category: Manner and
Posture.
japirrpa descriptor. away from the mob. Japirrpa ngarri! Go lie down away from the rest of the mob! Category: Direction and Location, People and Kinship.
japiya1 noun. sacred place. Place of a maparn or of animals, e.g. lizards. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
japiya2 noun. bush tobacco. This grows on sandhills. "It will make a child tired [manarrmanku], if he/she
chews it." Belongs to the wama group of plants. Category: Plants.
japu descriptor. 1 • small. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • little. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
japujanu descriptor. since childhood. Category: Time.
japujara noun. the smallest one in a group. Category: People and Kinship.
japukurlu descriptor. as a child. Japukurlulu-rna nyawa. When I was a child, I used to see it. Category: Time.
japuly-japulyjala verb, transitive (la class). used to gobble food. Chewing loudly with a full mouth. Category: Bodily Functions, Food Cooking and Fire.
japunyjarra noun. 1 • kangaroo with young. Category: Animals.
2 • animal with young. Category: Animals.
japunyurra noun. men a person calls father or uncle. Category: People and Kinship.
japurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become small; used to decrease. Category: Stative Verbs, Size
Shape and Weight. Gram: -ngu given in Marsh PAST
japurr-japurrpa noun. strange language. Language which is foreign or difficult to understand. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
japuwarta noun. small one. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
japuwinti noun. 1 • kangaroo with young. Category: Animals.
2 • animal with young. Category: Animals.
jara1 noun. shield. Includes the use of objects other than a wooden shield to protect oneself. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jara2 noun. pouch (of marsupial). Category: Body Parts and Products, Animals.
Jaramarra noun. name of Dreamtime rainmaker. From Wiirnpa area of desert; referred to as the last
rainmaker. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
jararrpa noun. shallow place to lie in. If without water, one can wait in this depression until it is cool enough
to travel again. Category: Elements.
jararrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to dig a shallow place to lie in. Jarntulu jararrpungkuni. The dog
is digging a hole to lie down in and cool off. Category: Impact.
jari-jari 1 • descriptor. answering back. A person who can face his accusers at a meeting without shame; he
will "go for them". Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • noun. person who is eager to give cheek. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
3 • descriptor. self-willed. Category: Mood and Character.
4 • descriptor. boastful. Category: Mood and Character.
jari-jarirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become cheeky. Jari-jarirripayi-ya. They were not
listening--only giving others cheek. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
jarla noun. 1 • spit. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • saliva. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jarlawa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to bathe oneself. Category: Impact.
2 • used to wash. Category: Impact.
3 • used to swim. Category: Motion.
jarla ngukarnu idiom. want something badly. Lit: swallowed spit.
jarlajula verb, transitive (jula class). 1 • used to spit. Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • used to dip something in a liquid. Category: Holding and Transfer.
3 • used to rinse something. Particularly seeds before grinding. Category: Impact.
4 • used to wash someone. Category: Impact.
jarlila verb, transitive (la class). used to carry on head. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jarli kati verb, transitive (Ø class). used to carry something on the head or shoulders. Category: Holding and
Transfer.
jarlijarra noun. to carry on the head. The way meat is often carried. Punakurlu-rna jarlijarra. I had a dish on
my head. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jarlingka descriptor. on the head. Category: Direction and Location, Body Parts and Products.
jarlingkala verb, intransitive (la class). used to ride horseback. Jarlingkalpayi. He has been riding horses. Category: Motion.
jarlingkarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to go horseback. Category: Motion.
jarlinypa noun. tongue. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jarlipuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to ride. Category: Motion.
jarlirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to place on the head. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jarlitiwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to carry something on one's head. Jarlitipayi katangka. He was
carrying it on his head. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jarlparra noun. kangaroo. Category: Animals.
jarlu descriptor. big. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
jarlurli noun. species of skink. This lizard lives in the spinifex. It is bigger than mulunyjara. Egernia sp.. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
jarlurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to grow up; get big. Category: Stative Verbs, Size Shape and
Weight.
jarna noun. person's upper back. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jarnala verb, transitive (la class). used to carry something or someone on one's back. Kaji-rnin jarnalku ngayu? Will you carry me? Category: Holding and Transfer.
jarnangka1 descriptor. piggy-back. Category: Manner and Posture.
jarnangkala2 verb, transitive (la class). used to put something on one's back. Jarnangkarnu kangu. He put it on his back and took it. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jarnangkakati verb, transitive (Ø class). used to carry on one's back. Category: Holding and Transfer. Gram:
With -ngu in Marsh
jarnangkarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get on someone's back. Category: Motion.
jarnarti-jarnarti descriptor. 1 • sitting in a circle. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • circle of people. Category: Manner and Posture.
jarnayirra-jarnayirra descriptor. 1 • sitting in a circle. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • circle of people. Category: Manner and Posture.
jarnimirri noun. girl and her mother. Term referring to two people on separate generations above the
speakers. Category: People and Kinship.
jarnimirrirarra noun. mother and daughter relationship. Category: People and Kinship.
jarnpa noun. kind of devil. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
jarntarajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to vomit. Jarntarajunkupayi-laju. We were vomiting. Category: Bodily Functions, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
jarntarrngarapa descriptor. 1 • boastful; a "big man". Category: Mood and Character.
2 • proud looking. Category: Mood and Character.
jarntila verb, transitive (la class). used to scrape the ground. With a shovel, tractor, etc. Category: Impact.
jarnti-jarnti noun. hobbling about (with a walking stick). Category: Motion.
jarntilyirri descriptor. 1 • on its own. Jarntilyirringka nyininpa. He is sitting on his own. Category: Manner
and Posture, Number and Quantity.
2 • solitary. Category: Number and Quantity.
3 • alone in the middle. Category: Number and Quantity.
jarntirri descriptor. smooth (as the ground). Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
jarntirripuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to make it smooth. Such as the ground. Category: Impact,
Colour Pattern and Texture.
jarntu noun. dog. Jarntu miturringu. The dog died. Category: Animals.
jarntukurlu descriptor. with a dog. E.g. when going hunting. Category: Manner and Posture.
jarra noun. forked stick. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects, Elements, Plants.
-jarra noun suffix. 1 • with. wanajarra the one with a digging stick, i.e., a woman.
2 • having. mungajarra having darkness, i.e., the night. Kartujarra the language having the word
"kartu" in it. kurlijarra summer.
jarralypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to cut up meat (after it is cooked). Category: Impact, Food
Cooking and Fire.
2 • used to divide something. Category: Impact, Number and Quantity.
3 • used to break up something. Such as a melon. Category: Impact.
jarrangkawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to burst into flames. Category: Stative Verbs, Food Cooking
and Fire.
jarrapa noun. 1 • fork. Category: Elements.
2 • forking branches of a tree. Category: Plants.
jarrapa-jarrapa 1 • noun. fork of tree. Category: Plants.
2 • noun. something branching out. Category: Motion, Plants.
3 • descriptor. leafy. Category: Plants, State.
jarraparn noun. kind of spear. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jarrarlakari noun. crested pigeon. Category: Birds.
jarrarra descriptor. downwards. Jarrarra wakarnu. He threw the spear downwards. Category: Direction and
Location.
jarrarra yikinta descriptor. standing with legs apart. Category: Manner and Posture.
jarri noun. cave. Category: Elements.
jarrinymarra verb, transitive (rra class). used to get a totem. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Dreaming
and Ceremony.
jarrinypa noun. conception totem. Mata jarrinypanga. His totem is the bush potato. Category: Dreaming
and Ceremony.
jarrinypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to get a totem. Maa-jarrinypungu. He got the totem from that
other place. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jarripi noun. 1 • a fight. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • trouble. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
Jarriti noun. 1 • Saturday. Category: Names and Place Names.
2 • Sabbath. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
jarr-jarr-jarr-jarrpa descriptor. 1 • come to a sudden stop. As a horse in a race. Category: Manner and
Posture.
2 • screech to a halt. Putting on the brakes. Category: Manner and Posture.
jarr-jarrpa descriptor. 1 • agressive. Of a person who "bursts into flames" quickly. Category: Mood and
Character.
2 • argumentative. Category: Mood and Character.
jarrkanpa noun. young boy. One who goes to other places. Category: People and Kinship.
jarrki noun. bush turkey; bustard. Eupodotis australis. From: English. Category: Birds.
jarrpa verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to enter. Category: Motion.
2 • used to go in. Category: Motion.
3 • used to swim. Category: Motion.
jarrpajula verb, transitive (la class). used to put something in. Kalyungka jarrpajunu japuwarta murtilya. Put the little boy in the water. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jarrpatiwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to go toward something and enter. Jarrpatipayi jirntunga. The
sun was setting again. Category: Motion.
jarrpurta noun. initiator of a young man. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jarru noun. guts; intestines. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jarruly-jarrulypa noun. reacting offensively to rebuke. To "face people at a public meeting without any
shame and go for them". Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
jarrulyu descriptor. satisfied from drinking. Category: State. See: munku.
jarrulyurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become satisfied (from drinking). Category: Stative Verbs,
Food Cooking and Fire.
jarrwangkawa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to catch on fire quickly. As when lightning strikes something. Category: Stative Verbs, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • used to burst into flame. Category: Stative Verbs, Food Cooking and Fire.
3 • used to ignite. Category: Stative Verbs, Food Cooking and Fire.
jartangkalu descriptor. together. A "southern word" indicating an action done together. Category: Manner
and Posture.
jartarrpuka noun. species of seed. The dry seed of this grass plant is ground for food. Paractaenum novae-
hollandiae. Category: Plants. See: wilyki.
jartayi noun. faeces. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jarti noun. a bat. Category: Animals.
jartu noun. yandy dish. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jartula verb, transitive (la class). used to yandy. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jarturtu noun. 1 • wide leaf gum tree. Category: Plants.
2 • ghost gum. Eucalyptus sp.. Category: Plants. See: kirtingarli.
-jaru noun suffix. typical of him. Karimarrajaru-ya. It is typical of someone from the Karimarra skin group to
act like that. Category: Mood and Character.
Jarujalumpa noun. Jerusalem. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
Jarujalumu noun. Jerusalem. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
jata noun. shallow hole. Category: Elements.
Jatakmili wangkapurluka noun. Sadducee. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
jatamapu noun. a shut door. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jatamapula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to shut a door. Category: Impact.
2 • used to cover something up. Category: Impact.
jatu noun. March fly. Category: Insects.
jatulamula verb, transitive (mula class). used to saddle a horse. Category: Impact.
jawala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to dig. Wantilu jawarnu pirti wanakurlulu. The woman dug a hole
with her digging stick. Category: Impact.
2 • used to scratch. Jawala-ngku kata. Scratch your head. Category: Impact.
3 • used to scoop out something. Like the seeds from a pura. Pirrkirikurlulu-njananya jawalku. You should scoop out the seeds with a cleaning stick. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jawa-jawara-ya yarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to run away. Speaking of many things or persons. Category: Motion. Gram: With -nu in PAST eg.
jawali noun. thigh. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jawalyurru noun. species of tree. The fruit of this small tree is eaten. Too much is said to burn ones mouth. Canthium latifolium. Category: Plants.
jawalyurru descriptor. tired. Category: State.
jawara wanala verb, transitive (la class). used to dig along. Wululu-n jawara wanalku. Keep on digging
along (to find the honey ants). Category: Impact. Gram: With -rnu PAST in eg.
jawarnu ya~ idiom. to quicky run away. Lit: he dug, he went. Category: Motion. Gram: with -nu in PAST eg.
jawirli noun. quandong. This is said to be the emus food; however, the outer flesh of the fruit is eaten by the
people, but the kernal is not. Santalum acuminatum. Category: Plants.
jawuja noun. trousers. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jawujunpa descriptor. thousand. From: English. Category: Number and Quantity.
jawul-jawulpa noun. salty water. Category: Elements.
jawulyja noun. soldier. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
jawulyjakaja noun. 1 • soldiers. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • guards. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • army. Category: People and Kinship.
Jayaji noun. Thursday. From: English. Category: Time.
jayila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to get water from creek or soak. Jayirnu punkajingarnu. A person's
arm came up in a scooping motion and he/she dropped something, possibly because the person
slipped. (Can be used to refer to a punch that 'drops' a person in a fight). Category: Holding and
Transfer.
2 • used to fetch water. Category: Holding and Transfer.
Jayimanpa noun. Simon. Category: Names and Place Names.
Jayimijpa noun. James. Category: Names and Place Names.
Jayimunpa noun. Simon. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
jayinamula verb, transitive (la class). used to sign (a document). Category: Impact.
jayipul noun. the spade suit in cards. From shovel, which is like a spade. Category: Artefacts Constructions
and Personal Objects.
jayira wanala verb, transitive (la class). used to make someone walk backwards. As in a fight. Category: Motion. Gram: With -rnu in PAST eg.
jayirnu punkajingala verb, transitive (la class). used to scoop up and drop. A person's arm came up in a scooping motion and he/she dropped something, possibly because the person slipped. Can be used to
refer to a punch that 'drops' a person in a fight. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jayiti noun. side. Category: Direction and Location. Gram: also occurs as a suffix, -jayiti
jii demonstrative. 1 • that one nearby (mid-distant). Category: Direction and Location.
2 • this one nearby (mid-distant). Category: Direction and Location.
Jiijajpa noun. Jesus. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
Jiijajpa wana~ phrase. to live true to Jesus' teaching. Biblical context. Lit: follow Jesus.
jiijanu demonstrative. from that; for that reason. Category: Direction and Location, Manner and Posture.
jiikaja noun. that mob. Category: People and Kinship.
jiikujarra demonstrative. those two. Category: Direction and Location.
jiilpa noun. goal. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jiimpi-jiimpi noun. light rain. Category: Elements.
jiingka demonstrative. that one there. Category: Direction and Location.
jiingkangulyu demonstrative. right there. Category: Direction and Location.
jiingkartuka demonstrative. at that very place. Category: Direction and Location.
jiingulyu demonstrative. right there. Category: Direction and Location.
jiinguru descriptor. from that; for that reason. Category: Manner and Posture, Direction and Location.
jiinpa demonstrative. 1 • there. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • that one; that situation. Category: Direction and Location.
jiinpa noun. chain. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jiinya demonstrative. that one. Category: Direction and Location.
jiinyjamula verb, transitive (la class). used to change money into smaller amounts. Category: Holding and
Transfer.
Jiipanta nyinani? phrase. Is it him?
jiipu noun. sheep. From: English. Category: Animals.
jiipwanpa descriptor. 1 • cheap one. Category: Value.
2 • refers usually to cheap items. Category: Value.
jiirnmuntula verb, transitive (la class). used to chain some object securely. Category: Impact.
jiirrirri noun. cicada. Category: Insects.
jiiwati demonstrative. along that way. Category: Direction and Location.
jiiya noun. chair. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jiiyuru descriptor. thus; like that. Category: Manner and Posture. See: jilanyala; jilanyarri; jingularri.
jiiyurungkamarra descriptor. because of something like that. Category: Impact. See: -nguru.
jijawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to lose a fight. Jijangu-lu. Marlaku julirringu. He lost to the other
bloke. He felt very small (was humbled). Category: Impact.
jiji noun. 1 • child. Jijilu-rna nyakupayi. I was looking at it when I was a child. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • baby. Category: People and Kinship.
jiji kuwarrijanu noun. newborn child. Category: People and Kinship.
jijijanu yini noun. person's name since childhood. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
jijika interjection. what will we do? Jijika? What will we do? Category: Interjections.
jijika noun. shoes. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jijikanyilmunu descriptor. she has no children. Category: State, People and Kinship.
jijikarrkaly noun. spirit children. These live in trees. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
jijikujujarra noun. woman with one child. Category: People and Kinship.
jijikurlurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to have a child. Lit: child-with-became. Category: Bodily
Functions.
jijilaltujarra noun. 1 • woman who has many children. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • five-dollar note. This is a term used for a five-dollar note because of the picture on the note. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jijilarlakarti noun. children who were born after the others. Category: People and Kinship.
jijimarlajanu noun. children who were born after the others. Category: People and Kinship.
jijiparni descriptor. he/she has no children. Category: State, People and Kinship.
jijipirla noun. old person getting worn out. Category: People and Kinship.
jijiwintirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to have a child. Lit: child-with- became. Category: Bodily
Functions.
jijiyarnngajarra noun. older woman who has had many children. Category: People and Kinship.
jikaji 1 • descriptor. six. From: English. Category: Number and Quantity.
2 • noun. the six card in a deck of cards. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and
Personal Objects.
jikajula verb, transitive (jula class). 1 • used to lift something up. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to hold something up. Kata-rnin manu jikajunu. You took my head and held it up. Kata-
rnin manu jikajunu. You took my head and held it up. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jikarra noun. bauhinia tree. Bauhinia sp.. Category: Plants.
jikila verb, transitive (la class). used to drink. Category: Bodily Functions, Food Cooking and Fire.
jikijiyi descriptor. sixty. From: English. Category: Number and Quantity.
jikilkatipayi phrase. he was drinking as he went along.
jikipala 1 • descriptor. savage. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • noun. animal which bites. Category: Animals.
3 • noun. person who fights. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
jikirayila verb, transitive (la class). used to drink. Category: Bodily Functions, Food Cooking and Fire. Gram:
With -rnu in PAST eg.
jikirr-jikirr noun. 1 • a splinter. Like those that stick in a person's feet. Category: Plants.
2 • kindling. Little pieces of wood. Category: Elements.
Jikulyungu noun. 1 • Jigalong. Category: Names and Place Names.
2 • the six card in a deck of cards. Jikulyungu has the same initial sound as jikaji (six). Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
Jikulyungujanu descriptor. from Jigalong. Category: Direction and Location, Names and Place Names.
Jikulyungunguru descriptor. from Jigalong. Category: Direction and Location, Names and Place Names.
Jikuppa noun. Jacob. Category: Names and Place Names.
jila noun. snake. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
jilala verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to do like that. Category: Impact.
2 • used to do an action like the demonstrated action. Category: Impact.
jilamanpa noun. gun. Jilamankurlulu pungu. He killed him with a gun. Category: Artefacts Constructions
and Personal Objects.
jilanya descriptor. 1 • thus. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • like this. Jilanya-ya nyinanta. This is how they are living. Category: Manner and Posture.
See: jilanyala; jingularri; jilanyarri.
jilanyala verb, transitive (la class). used to do something like it is being demonstrated. Jilanyala ngayuyuru.
Do it like I am doing it. Jilanyarnu-jun. You did it like I did. Category: Impact. See: jingulpa;
jilanya; jiiyuru; jingula.
jilanyarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become thus; used to happen this way. Category: Stative
Verbs. See: jingulpa; jilanya; jiiyuru; jingula.
jilinypa noun. short person. Category: People and Kinship.
jil-jil noun. light, misty rain. Category: Elements.
jilkaja noun. travellers (usually with the initiates). Category: People and Kinship.
jilkamarta noun. echidna or spiny anteater. Tachyglossus aculeatus. Category: Animals.
jilkangkaja noun. travellers. Category: People and Kinship.
jilkarnkurru noun. ground with prickle bushes. Category: Elements.
jilkarnpa noun. 1 • thorn. Category: Plants.
2 • prickle. Category: Plants.
3 • spine of echidna. Category: Body Parts and Products, Animals.
jilkinpa interjection. an interjection. Category: Interjections.
jilpa descriptor. silver. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
jilpurnpa noun. container. Such as billycan, bucket, saucepan. Category: Artefacts Constructions and
Personal Objects.
Jilukurru noun. name of place (on the Stock Route). Category: Names and Place Names.
jilururru noun. smell of burning fur (or blanket). Category: Body Parts and Products.
jilyarrkura noun. light coloured hair. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jilyili noun. species of acacia tree. This tree is a kind of river mulga with a leaf smaller than warntany. Acacia
(sp.). Category: Plants.
jily-jilyka noun. species of wren. Category: Birds.
jilyku noun. species of mouse. Category: Animals.
jima noun. species of tree. The fruit is eaten. It is like nganungu, but somewhat bitter. It is sometimes called
"a blackberry". Category: Plants.
jimirlirri noun. chisel. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jina verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to go on foot. Category: Motion.
2 • used to walk. Category: Motion.
jina noun. 1 • foot. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • footprint. Category: Body Parts and Products.
3 • steps of a dance. Jina-ya ninti. They know the steps of the dance. (This expression applies particularly to those men who are good dancers and can clearly demonstrate the dance steps to others.) Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
jina kaninykurti noun. underneath the foot. Category: Body Parts and Products, Direction and Location.
jina mara jina mara descriptor. 1 • many. Category: Number and Quantity.
2 • very large number. Lit: feet, hands, feet, hands.
jina palyka noun. sole of the foot. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jina yarrka-yarrka descriptor. without footprints. I.e. walking on spinifex to avoid leaving tracks. Category: Manner and Posture.
jina-jina noun. dress. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jinakarrpil noun. 1 • featherfoot. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • dangerous person. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jinakarrpilpa noun. sorcerer. This person is also called a "featherfoot". Category: People and Kinship,
Dreaming and Ceremony.
jinangka-pula kanturnuka ngarrini phrase. two people lying down with feet to feet.
jinangu descriptor. on foot. Jinangu-rna yankupayi. I was going on foot. Category: Manner and Posture.
jinangurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to go on foot. Category: Motion.
jinaparni noun. someone who can't walk around--either because of illness or because they don't want to. Lit: foot-without. Category: People and Kinship.
jinapuka noun. shoes. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jinapunaja noun. someone who can't walk around. Lit: foot-without. Category: People and Kinship.
jinawanala verb, transitive (la class). used to follow a track. Jukurrjanu-n jinawanalkura. You should follow
the Dreamtime Law. Category: Motion.
jinawatijula verb, transitive (jula class). used to track something. Category: Motion. Gram: With -nu in PAST
-jinga~ verb suffix, (la class)?. 1 • transitivising suffix.
2 • used to make something happen. Punkajingarnu. He dropped it. [fv:punka- to fall + -fv:jinga~ =
punkajinga- to drop something]. Julurrjingarnu. He made him frightened. Yulajingarnu. He made
him cry. Mirrajingarnu. He made him shout. Yurrijingarnu. He made him move.
jingkirtirra noun. joking relationship. Only grandfather and grandchildren, i.e. jamurarra, can have this
relationship. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jingula descriptor. 1 • thus. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • like this. Category: Manner and Posture. See: jilanyala; jingularri; jilanyarri.
jingulanya descriptor. 1 • like that. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • like this. Category: Manner and Posture.
jingularri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become thus; used to happen this way. Category: Stative
Verbs. See: jingulpa; jilanya; jiiyuru; jingula.
jingulpa descriptor. 1 • thus. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • like this. Category: Manner and Posture.
3 • this way. Category: Manner and Posture. See: jilanyala; jilanyarri; jingularri.
jinguru particle. 1 • maybe. Category: Particles.
2 • possibly. Category: Particles.
jininypa noun. head ornament of wood worn by initiated men. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony,
Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jinkala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to carve wood. Category: Impact.
2 • used to trim wood. Category: Impact.
3 • used to sharpen a spear. Category: Impact.
jintapalpa noun. small chisel. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jinyjanu noun. active participants in ceremonial activities. The other part of the group are passive. They are
called karnku. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jinyjanungu noun. 1 • active participants in ceremonial activities. The other part of the groups are passive.
They are called karnku. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • ceremonial workers. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jinyji noun. 1 • fat. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • grease. Jinyji-lalu junku. We will put fat on him. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jinyjila noun. species of lizard. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
jinyjimama descriptor. 1 • fat. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • overweight. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
jinyjimamarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become fat/overweight. Category: Stative Verbs, Size
Shape and Weight.
jinyjimarta noun. something very fat. Such as a kangaroo. Category: Animals.
jinyjinyji noun. species of lizard. Like a maruntu. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
jinyjira noun. reeds pulled, twisted and made into something. E.g. a circular head pad for carrying
things.fv:Yilarnuka karrpirnu ngapirnu. Having pulled them up, she twisted/tied them and made
something. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jinyjiwirrily noun. bush tomato. The fruit is sometimes called a wild gooseberry. Solanum centrale. Category: Plants.
jinymirlarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become sweaty. Category: Stative Verbs.
jinymirlpa noun. 1 • sweat. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • dew. Category: Elements.
jipala verb, transitive (la class). used to drive something with wheels. Such as a car, a motorbike or bicycle.
Jipalkijalu. He intends to drive the car. Jipala! Drive (the car)! Category: Motion.
jipari noun. species of acacia tree. This tree grows in spinifex country--a wattle shrub with edible seeds eaten
as paste. Acacia ancistrocarpa. Category: Plants.
jipuku noun. rabbit. Category: Animals.
jipulyuku noun. duck. Generic term. Category: Birds.
jira descriptor. fat. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
jiralyarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become smooth or slippery. Can mean something that loses its
fur or hair. Category: Stative Verbs, Colour Pattern and Texture.
jiralykawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to slip on something slippery such as mud. Category: Motion.
jiralykati verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to slip on something slippery such as mud. Category: Motion.
jiralymala verb, transitive (mala class). used to make smooth (as free of fur). Category: Impact, Colour Pattern
and Texture.
jiralypa descriptor. 1 • smooth. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
2 • slippery. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
jiralywangkawa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to slip. Category: Motion.
2 • used to slide. Category: Motion.
jirarrangkawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to slip on something slippery such as mud. Category: Motion.
jirarrmala verb, transitive (mala class). 1 • used to make something slip. Category: Motion.
2 • used to slide something along. Category: Motion.
jirarrwangkawa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to slip. Category: Motion.
2 • used to slide. Category: Motion.
Jirimaya noun. Jeremiah. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
jirliwa noun. vein. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jirlpi noun. 1 • old man. Kinship regulations determine who can use this term with another person, e.g.
Milangka and Purungu people may be able to call each other jirlpi. It can be used to refer to both older sisters and brothers. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • grey hair. Category: Body Parts and Products. See: yirna.
jirlpimala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to cause the hair to go grey. Category: Impact.
2 • used to cause a person to be old. Category: Impact.
jirlpinyjarri noun. group of old men. Category: People and Kinship.
jirlpirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become old/grey. One can only say Jirlpirringu-n. You have
got old! to a friend as a joke. There are kinship regulations on this, e.g. a Panaka woman might say it
to a Karimarra man as a joke. Category: Stative Verbs.
jirlputala verb, transitive (la class). used to drip. Category: Motion.
jirnmuntu noun. gaol. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jirntajarra noun. 1 • bridge of nose. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • forehead (middle). As on a whitefaced horse. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jirntirr-jirntirr noun. willy-wagtail. Rhipidura leucophrys. Category: Birds.
jirntu noun. sun. Jirntulu-rni wakanyjanja, junuka-rna yanu. With the sun shining down on me, having left
that place I went on. Category: Elements.
jirntu kutuwati noun. midday. Category: Time.
jirntu ngarnawarra noun. noon. Category: Time.
jirntujirrpa noun. sunset. Category: Time.
jirntuparni descriptor. sunless. I.e. in the night. Category: Time.
jirnturri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become sunny (after a cloudy period). Category: Stative Verbs.
jirrarajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to straighten one's legs. Category: Motion.
jirrarnjirti noun. shearing shed. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
-jirri noun suffix. 1 • companions of a person. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • mob. mukuntujirri the lame man's group. Category: People and Kinship.
-jirrija noun suffix. without. Jaapijirrija nyinani. He is most upset because he has not hot meat to eat. Category: Number and Quantity. Gram: privative suffix
jirrja descriptor. scattered about. Category: Manner and Posture.
Jirrjarringu-ya phrase. The mob scattered in every direction.
jirrji noun. 1 • base of tree. Putalku-n jirrjinyuku punkajingalku. Chop the tree right down at the base.
Nyaku-n wartangka jirrjingka juurlpa parna. You will see a pile of dirt at the base of the tree. Category: Plants.
2 • base of tail of kangaroo. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jirrpirlinypa noun. species of plant. The leaves of this plant are cooked for a good medicine. It tastes bitter
and makes the patient vomit until he/she is cleaned out. Category: Plants.
jirumpu noun. straight object. Jirumpukaja-ya yikinyjan. The trees for making spears are standing straight. Category: Elements.
jitapajala verb, intransitive (jala class). used to hit the ground and bounce up. As a missile, such as a
boomerang. Category: Motion.
jitarr-jitarrpa noun. smooth gait (like skating). Jitarr-jitarrpa-n pinirringu. You ran with a smooth, steady
gait. Category: Motion.
jitartu-jitartu noun. old time car. With wooden wheels, old bomb. Category: Artefacts Constructions and
Personal Objects.
jitila verb, transitive (la class). used to tease someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
jitimula verb, intransitive (la class). used to cheat. From: English. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram:
With -rnu in PAST headword.
jitirta noun. 1 • fox. Category: Animals.
2 • wild dog. Vulpes vulpes. Category: Animals.
jiwa noun. lower grinding stone. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects, Food Cooking
and Fire.
jiwalykarra noun. 1 • cliff, too steep to climb. Category: Elements.
2 • smooth, rocky cliff (too smooth to climb). Category: Elements.
Jiwarlin noun. language name. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Names and Place Names.
jiwarrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to miss hitting a target. Category: Impact.
jiwilyirrwilyirr noun. species of wren. Category: Birds.
jurra verb, transitive (rra class). 1 • used to put something somewhere. Junu marlaku. He put it back. Maa-
jurra! Put it back! Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to place something on something else. Junu-lu. He put it on him. Category: Holding and
Transfer.
3 • used to leave someone, something or a subject alone. Nyarru. Jurra. Don't say that poor fellows name, i.e., leave him alone. Category: Holding and Transfer.
-ju~ derivational suffix. 1 • verbalising suffix.
2 • to say something. yuujunu he said "Yes". yinijula name him/her/say his/her name. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
3 • to put something somewhere. yarlkajunu he put it on the ground in the sun. Category: Holding
and Transfer. Gram: same verb suffixes as watiju~
-ju1 pronoun suffix. 1 • myself. Pungu-rnaju. I hit myself. Category: Pronouns.
2 • we all (not you). Pungu-laju. We all (excluding the person/s addressed) hit/killed it. Category: Pronouns.
3 • mine; for me. Manku-jun. You will get it for me./Will you get it for me? Ngayuku-ju. It is mine. Category: Pronouns.
-ju2 noun suffix. 1 • suffix indicating agent.
2 • suffix indicating subject of transitive verb. Maparnju manu. The maparn (healer) got it.
Ngampurrju kanyirni. Carefully he keeps it (i.e., he is taking care of somebody or something). Phon:
This suffix is used by some speakers after any word ending in a consonant; other speakers use this after a word ending in ly, ny or rr) Gram: used after a word ending in a vowel Gram: used by some speakers after a word ending in l or n Gram: used by some speakers after a word ending in rl or rn
jujika noun. shoes. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jujukulyu noun. feral cat. Felix sp.. Category: Animals.
jujurrumal noun. species of grevillea. This tree grows on the sandhills. Grevillea juncifolia. Category: Plants.
jujuwurruwurru noun. fox. Vulpes vulpes. Category: Animals.
jukapayiki noun. sugarbag; wild honey. Category: Elements.
jukaramula verb, (rra/la class). used to sweet talk someone for ulterior motives. Category: Vocalising and
Thought.
jukarurru descriptor. 1 • straight. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • true. Category: Value.
juku descriptor. 1 • small. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • little. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
jukujuku descriptor. small. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
juku-juku descriptor. small. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
jukulypa noun. headache. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
jukumunu descriptor. large. Lit: small - not. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
jukunjukunypa noun. little ones. Jukunjukunyparaku-ya yankupayi. The little ones were going about. Category: People and Kinship.
jukunyjukunypa noun. little ones. Jukunyjukunyparaku-ya yankupayi. The little ones were going about. Category: People and Kinship.
jukurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become small. Category: Stative Verbs, Size Shape and Weight.
Jukurrjanu noun. Law from the Dreamtime. Jukurrjanu- n jinawanalkura. You should follow the
Dreamtime Law. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
jukurrmala verb, transitive (mala class). 1 • used to dream. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to have a nightmare. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
jukurrpa noun. 1 • dream. Yumulu yinijulkulpayi jukurrju. For no reason he was saying someones name in
a dream (in his sleep). Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • story. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
3 • words. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
4 • Dreamtime. Jukurrpa-n wanalku. You should follow the Dreamtime Law. Nganalu-nta
jukurrju manu kangu junu? What being from the Dreamtime got you, took you and left you? Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
jukurta noun. sugar. From: English. Category: Elements.
jukurta tayimu noun. Christmas Day. I.e. sugar time from English. Category: Time.
Jukurtani noun. Dreamtime. Jukurtanijanu-n ngaa jina wanalkura. You should follow the Dreamtime Law. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Time.
jukuru 1 • noun. touchy person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • descriptor. dislike. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • descriptor. sense of danger. Category: Mood and Character.
4 • descriptor. cautious. Jukuru-rnalura yumaringkamarra. Ngurrpa-ngurrpa-rnara ngamu
yankuraku. I am cautious of my mother-in-law. I am not allowed to go near her. Category: Mood and
Character.
jukurupayi noun. someone who is always disagreeable and touchy. Category: People and Kinship, Mood
and Character.
jukururri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become aware of some danger about. Possibly from a
sound of movement or a noise. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
2 • used to get tickling feeling or goosebumps. Category: Bodily Functions.
jukururru noun. person who is touchy or dislikes requested action. Category: People and Kinship, Mood
and Character.
jukururrula verb, (la class). used to be not interested in doing what one is told. Category: Vocalising and
Thought, Mood and Character.
jukutany noun. species of tree. Category: Plants.
jukuwulu descriptor. while someone was small/young. Jukuwulu- laju yarra. While/when we were small,
we used to go. Category: Time.
juli descriptor. 1 • little. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • small. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
julijuli descriptor. very small. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
juli-juli descriptor. small; little. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
julinyjulinypa noun. little ones. Julinyjulinypa-ya yankupayi. The little ones were going around. Category: People and Kinship.
julipunaja descriptor. large. Lit: small-without. warla julipunaja a lake that isn't small. Category: Size Shape
and Weight.
julkarrpa noun. red ochre. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Elements, Colour Pattern and Texture.
julkarrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to paint. With wira or pujurr. Category: Impact, Colour Pattern
and Texture.
Julkulypari noun. Wednesday. Category: Time.
julu-julu noun. guts or intestines. Category: Body Parts and Products.
-julura pronoun suffix. away from me. Category: Pronouns.
julurrangkawa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to get a shock. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood
and Character.
2 • used to get a fright. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
julurrjingala verb, transitive (la class). used to give someone a fright. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Mood and Character.
julyju descriptor. 1 • long ago. Category: Time.
2 • before. Can refer to the day before yesterday. Category: Time.
julyjujanu descriptor. since early days; from long ago; very old. Category: Time.
julyju-julyju descriptor. really long ago. Category: Time.
julyjukurlu descriptor. in the old days; long ago. Category: Time.
julypa noun. intestines (of a kangaroo). Category: Body Parts and Products.
julyujula verb, transitive (jula class). used to make a damper. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
julyulyuyarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to fall down. Like fruit from a tree. Category: Motion.
juma descriptor. 1 • big. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • large. Kalyu juma ngarripayi. A lot of water was laying on the ground. Category: Size Shape and
Weight.
jumala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to make something big. Category: Impact, Size Shape and Weight.
2 • used to grow somebody up. Category: Impact.
3 • used to raise a child. Category: Impact.
jumaji particle. too much. From: English. Category: Particles. Gram: Reason clause marker.
jumakukala verb, transitive (la class). used to mistakenly think someone is a big man. Jumakukarninpa-
ngku. He mistakenly thinks he is a big man. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram: With -rnu in
PAST eg.
Jumangkarni noun. Dreamtime. Particularly in reference to the stories. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Time.
Jumangkarnimili noun. that which belongs to the Dreamtime. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
jumangkarrala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to make arrangements. Category: Vocalising and
Thought.
2 • used to plan important business. Jumangkarrarni-ya. They are talking about big things (important business). Category: Vocalising and Thought.
3 • used to yarn. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
jumanyjarri noun. 1 • big boy. Post primary age - not yet initiated. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • biggest one (of two lots). Category: Size Shape and Weight.
jumarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become big; used to grow up. Category: Stative Verbs, Size
Shape and Weight.
jumawarta descriptor. big. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
junga 1 • descriptor. straight. Jungalu jurra! Put it straight! Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • noun. right hand. Category: Body Parts and Products.
3 • descriptor. clear. Category: Value.
jungala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to correct. Category: Impact.
2 • used to make right or correct. Category: Impact.
junga nyina verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to live correctly, according to God's requirements. Category: Stative Verbs.
junga wajala verb, transitive (la class). used to say something straight to someone's face. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram: With -rnu in PAST eg.
jungakarti descriptor. 1 • toward the right hand side. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • right-handed. Category: Manner and Posture.
jungamala verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to do well. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and Posture.
2 • used to do the right thing. Category: Stative Verbs.
jungan noun. 1 • smoke. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • an initiate (going off as a marlurlu). Category: People and Kinship.
jungangkangulyu descriptor. in the right way; in a straight manner. Category: Manner and Posture.
junganwinti descriptor. with an initiate marlurlu. Related to a handsign. Category: Manner and Posture,
People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
jungkula verb, transitive (la class). used to pick up something with the mouth. Kuwiyi jarntulu jungkurnu. The dog picked up the meat in his mouth. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jungkujarra descriptor. something in the mouth. Kuka jungkujarrartuka! It has meat in its mouth! Category: Direction and Location, Body Parts and Products.
jungula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to keep a fire going all night. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and
Fire.
2 • used to place wood together to build fire. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
jungulkirra descriptor. 1 • close by. To sit close by somebody. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • together. Category: Direction and Location, Number and Quantity.
juni noun. stomach. Category: Body Parts and Products.
juni marlirr-marlirrpa descriptor. stubborn. Category: Mood and Character.
juniwarta noun. big belly. Category: Body Parts and Products.
junkula yarra verb, intransitive (rra class). 1 • used to leave. Category: Motion.
2 • used to send a person or animal away. Category: Holding and Transfer. Gram: With -nu in PAST
headword.
Junkura wanalku phrase. He put it in a row.
junpara noun. fighting activity. "Up and down with a fight". Junpara yanku. He will go up and down. Category: Impact, Motion.
junpurrpa descriptor. 1 • warm. Kanyila-ngku junpurrpa. Keep yourself warm. Category: State.
2 • warmth. Janpurrpa-npula ngarri. Lie down together for warmth. Category: State.
junpurrpurtayi noun. warmth. Nice and cozy; just pleasant temperature. Category: Elements.
junta noun. thigh. Category: Body Parts and Products.
juntakurrungku noun. trousers. Lit: thigh-will-enter. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal
Objects.
juntumala verb, (la class). used to tell on another. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
junturru noun. species of tree. This tree grows on the plains (pararra) and the gum nuts are strung for
necklaces. Eucalyptus setosa. Category: Plants.
junturta noun. species of tree. This is a big shady tree. Category: Plants.
junu yarra verb, transitive (rra class). used to leave someone behind. Category: Motion. Gram: With -nu in PAST
eg.
junyila verb, transitive (la class). used to squeeze out something. E.g. blackheads. Category: Impact.
junyipuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to squeeze faeces from intestine of animal. Category: Impact.
junyju noun. rainbow. Category: Elements.
jupi descriptor. 1 • wet. Category: State.
2 • muddy. Category: State.
-jura pronoun suffix. away from me. Category: Pronouns.
juraly-juraly noun. species of plant. The seeds are used for food--ground and cooked in the ashes. Category: Plants.
juri 1 • noun. sweet taste. Category: Value, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • noun. good taste. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, Value.
3 • noun. good melody. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Value.
4 • noun. good design. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Colour Pattern and Texture, Value.
5 • descriptor. nice. But this word can also be used in a sarcastic way. Juri-n! Youre really sweet, aren't you! Category: Value.
jurimala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to make beautiful. Category: Impact.
juriparni noun. 1 • poor design. Category: Value, Colour Pattern and Texture.
2 • no tune. Category: Sounds, Value.
juriwarta descriptor. really sweet; good flavour. Category: Value, Food Cooking and Fire.
jurna noun. hitting stick. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jurniwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to laugh. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
jurninyjirri noun. 1 • diarrhoea. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
2 • upset stomach. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
jurniwarta descriptor. one who laughs a lot; a laugher. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
jurnpa noun. ashes. Term also used for ashes for cooking chewing tobacco. Category: Elements, Food
Cooking and Fire.
jurnpaly-jurnpalypa descriptor. ash colour. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
jurnpurrpa descriptor. 1 • strong. Category: State.
2 • healthy. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
jurnta noun. wild onion. Cyperus bulbosus. Category: Plants.
jurntala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to pick up. Manu-lanyaju jurntarnu. He got us and picked us up
(in his truck). Category: Holding and Transfer. Gram: Occurs with manu.
2 • used to collect. Category: Holding and Transfer.
3 • used to bring back. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jurnti noun. cave. Category: Elements.
jurntilyarr noun. bush tobacco. This plant grows near caves. It is referred to as "weak tobacco", like cabbage
(fv:kaapijiyiku).It belongs to the groups of plants called wama. Nicotiana benthamiana. Category: Plants.
jurntu descriptor. already. Jurntu-ya kunyalarringu. They are already asleep now. Category: Time.
jurntulpi descriptor. it's already happened (surprisingly quickly). Category: Time.
jurnu noun. 1 • a soak. Category: Elements.
2 • waterhole. Category: Elements.
jurri descriptor. three. Category: Number and Quantity.
jurrka noun. stamping (of feet). Jurrkalu-ya kantulpayi. They stamped their feet as they danced. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
jurrkawa verb, transitive (wa class). used to stamp feet. Jurrkawa kantula! Dance! Category: Motion.
jurrkana noun. shotgun. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jurrkapuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to dance. Stamping feet as the men do. Category: Motion,
Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • used to fight (with fear). Category: Impact.
jurrku noun. right side. As opposed to left side. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jurrku-jurrku noun. right hand. Category: Body Parts and Products.
jurrku-jurrku descriptor. straight. As a road. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
jurrkukarti descriptor. toward the right side. Category: Direction and Location.
jurrpu-jurrpu descriptor. kneeling. Pupatingu-lu murtingka jurrpu-jurrpu. He knelt down before him. Category: Manner and Posture.
jurrululypululypu descriptor. flopping around. Like something with a broken leg. Category: Manner and
Posture.
jurta noun. 1 • a fight. Jurtalu-ngkupula pungkuni. Those two are hitting each other in a fight. Category: Impact.
2 • trouble. Category: Impact.
3 • conflict. Category: Impact.
jurtakarra noun. an argument. Jurtakarra-ya nyinani. They are sitting arguing. Category: Vocalising and
Thought.
jurtany-jurtany descriptor. angrily. Jurtany-jurtanypa-ra wangkangu. He asked for him in an angry way. Category: Mood and Character.
jurtaparni descriptor. peaceful; no arguments. Category: Mood and Character.
jurtapayi noun. 1 • trouble-maker.
2 • fighter. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
jurtarra noun. pelican. Pelecanus conspicillatus. Category: Birds.
jurtarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become upset and argumentative. Category: Vocalising and
Thought, Mood and Character.
jurtawarta noun. 1 • fighter. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • trouble-maker. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
jurtawartarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become "cheeky"; used to become troublesome. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
jurtila verb, transitive (la class). used to load a spearthrower. Put hook in the hole in the end of the spear. Category: Holding and Transfer.
jurtinypa noun. hitting stick. Jurtinykurlulu pungu. He hit him with the hitting stick. Category: Artefacts
Constructions and Personal Objects.
jurtipirri noun. 1 • sugarbag. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • honey. The yellow pollen before the honey is made. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
3 • bees. Category: Insects.
jurtirangu noun. rainbow. Category: Elements.
jurtirangujula verb, intransitive (jula class). used to appear (of a rainbow). Category: Stative Verbs.
jurtkan noun. shotgun. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
jurtu noun. older sister. Category: People and Kinship.
jurtu-ra noun. his or her older sister. Category: People and Kinship.
jurturarra noun. kin term for a person and his/her older sister. Category: People and Kinship.
jurumala verb, intransitive (mala class). used to make a rustling sound. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
jutarriwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to stamp about. Parra-jutarripayi karlaya. The emu was stamping
about. Category: Motion.
jutu descriptor. 1 • closed. Category: State.
2 • shut. This can apply to flowers before the nectar appears; not yet open. kuru jutu closed eyes. Category: State.
jutula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to cover. Juturnu-rnalu. I covered it/him. Category: Impact.
2 • used to close up. Category: Impact.
3 • used to erase something. Juturninpa-rna. I am erasing it. Category: Impact.
jutu-jutu noun. avoidance. Can't see or talk to a person; a term in Mangkalyi wangka. Category: Dreaming
and Ceremony.
jutumula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to shoot with a rifle. Category: Impact.
juturntala verb, transitive (la class). used to put out a fire. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
juturri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become closed. Mulya juturringu. His nosed got blocked with mucus. Category: Motion.
2 • used to go out (fire). Category: Stative Verbs.
3 • used to dry up (water). Category: Stative Verbs.
Juujappa noun. Joseph. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
Juujapu noun. Joseph. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
juuka noun. sugar. From: English. Category: Elements.
Juulpa noun. Saul. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
juulyarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become swollen shut. As sore eyes. Category: Stative Verbs.
juulyjula verb, transitive (jula class). used to cover something up. Usually with sand. Purlilu-ya juulyjunu
pirnkingka. They covered the opening of the cave with a stone. Purlinga juulyjunkunyjanga
yitingkarringu ngarapayi. The rock that had covered it lay to one side. Category: Impact.
juupu noun. soap. From: English. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
juupupuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to spit something out. Category: Bodily Functions.
juurlaparri verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to swell up from some sickness. Category: Stative Verbs, Healing
Sickness and Ailments.
juurlpa noun. heap of sand. Nyaku-n wartangka jirrjingka juurlpa parna. You will see a pile of dirt at the
base of the tree. Category: Elements.
juurnpa noun. white clay. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Elements, Colour Pattern and Texture.
juurnpa noun. food for initiation ceremony. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Food Cooking and Fire.
juurra noun. a glow in the distance. Category: Elements.
Juutajpa noun. Judas. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
juutamula verb, transitive (mula class). used to shoot something. From: English. Juutamunu-laju jinanyuku.
We shot it in the foot/leg. Category: Impact. See: yungkala.
Juutanpa noun. Jordan river. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
Juutiya noun. Judea. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
juutu noun. shorts. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
Juutunpa noun. 1 • Jordan. Category: Names and Place Names.
2 • Jordan river. Category: Names and Place Names.
juuwa1 noun. sore. From: English. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
juuwa2 noun. baby talk. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
juwari noun. 1 • husband's sister. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • cousin of a woman. Category: People and Kinship.
juwarirra noun. kin term for two female cousins. Category: People and Kinship.
juwarrparra noun. kin term referring to male cousins. Category: People and Kinship.
juwita noun. sweater. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
Juwu noun. Jew. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
Juwuparni noun. 1 • Gentile. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • non Jew. Biblical context. Category: People and Kinship.
K - k
ka particle. 1 • and. Category: Particles.
2 • then. Ngalkupayi-jananya janyjikaja manuka. Ka-lijura majarnu kuwiyiku. He took the eggs and was eating them. Then we waited for the meat to cook, too. Category: Particles. Gram: connective
(links a sentence to the previous action/can have a listing function/can have a coordinating function between two verbs in a merged sentence)
kawa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to carry. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to take. Category: Holding and Transfer.
3 • used to bring. Mirta-rnin kangu. You didn't bring it to me. Category: Holding and Transfer.
4 • used to drive a car along. Category: Impact.
-ka verb suffix. having done an action. Ngalkupayi-jananya janyjikaja manuka. Having got the eggs, he was
eating them. Category: Time.
-kawa derivational suffix (wa class). verbalising suffix. Lakarnkangu. He peeled off the bark (from a tree or
stick). Gram: Refer to kangu for tense suffixes.
kaa particle. 1 • and. Category: Particles.
2 • then. Category: Particles.
kaaly noun. 1 • calmness (referring to feelings). Category: Mood and Character.
2 • coolness (referring to feelings). Category: Mood and Character.
kaalypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to feel coldness come over one. Category: Stative Verbs, Bodily
Functions.
kaana noun. axe. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kaanpa noun. garden. From: English. Category: Elements.
kaapu noun. cup. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kaarlala verb, transitive (la class). used to break something. Category: Impact.
kaarlapu noun. suit of clubs in cards. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal
Objects.
kaarlpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to break something. Category: Impact.
kaarnka noun. crow. Young crows are said to be eaten. Corvus orru. Category: Birds.
kaartala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to break or smash with an axe. Category: Impact.
2 • used to smash by throwing stones. Category: Impact.
kaatanmaya noun. garden. Category: Elements.
kaatanpa noun. garden. Category: Elements.
kaja noun. 1 • son. For a man, his own son or a son of his brothers; for a woman, her own son or a son of her
sisters. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • nephew. For a man, a son of his sisters; for a woman, a son of her brothers, however, this could be
her daughter's husband, i.e. son-in-law, and an avoidance relationship. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • offspring. A general term for children, kajakaja son-plural. Category: People and Kinship.
kajala verb, transitive (la class). used to lie. Paki kajarnu. He lied to him. Mayinju kajan. He is lying.
Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram: Used with paki no/nothing.
-kaja1 verb suffix. already. Yanukaja. He has already gone. Category: Time.
-kaja2 suffix. emphatic suffix. Yiltakaja. Weve proved that its true! Wirrurrukaja. It was really fast!
-kaja3 noun suffix. plural suffix. martukaja the Aborigines. ngaakaja these. Category: Number and Quantity.
kajapirti noun. all the sons. Category: People and Kinship.
kajararra noun. kin term for a man and his son or a woman and her son. Category: People and Kinship.
kaji particle. 1 • query. Category: Particles.
2 • question marker. Kaji-n Karimarra? Are you a member of the Karimarra kinship section? Kaji-
njananya wanyjalmanu? What did you do to them? Kaji-n puntany? Are you O.K.? Category: Particles.
kaju noun. axe. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kaka noun. uncle (mother's brother). Category: People and Kinship.
kakal-kakalpuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to bounce along. As a person in a car on a rough road. Category: Motion.
kakalpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to hit something accidentally. Category: Impact.
2 • used to bump someone accidentally. Category: Impact.
kakalyalya noun. species of cockatoo. Category: Birds.
kakari descriptor. 1 • drunk. Category: State.
2 • staggering. Category: Manner and Posture.
Kakari-kakarirringu wamajanu phrase. He was staggering back and forth from too much wama.
kakarirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become drunk/dizzy or begin staggering. Category: Stative
Verbs.
kakarra noun. east. Category: Direction and Location.
kakarrakarta descriptor. easterly direction. Wilinypa wangkani kakarrakarta. The wind is blowing from an
easterly direction. Category: Direction and Location.
kakarramalu noun. the mob from the east. Category: People and Kinship.
kakarramarni descriptor. the one farther on in the east. Category: Direction and Location.
kakarrara descriptor. east. Category: Direction and Location.
kakarrara descriptor. toward the east; eastwards. Category: Direction and Location.
kakarrarni descriptor. from the east. Category: Direction and Location.
kakarrarturl noun. marsupial mole. Notoryctes typhlops. Category: Animals.
kakarrawarraku descriptor. 1 • back east. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • pointing eastward. Category: Direction and Location.
kakatayilpa noun. crocodile. From: English. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
kakinypa noun. white clay. Used as paint in ceremonies. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Elements,
Colour Pattern and Texture.
kakipuwi noun. 1 • cocky-boy. From: English. Category: Birds.
2 • galah. The Martu Wangka word for this bird is not used due to the death of a person with a name that sounds similar to that word. Cacatua roseicapilla. Category: Birds.
kakiri descriptor. dizzy. Category: State.
kakirirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become dizzy. Category: Stative Verbs, Healing Sickness
and Ailments.
kakuputu descriptor. 1 • for a long time. Category: Time.
2 • for good. Category: Time.
3 • always. Kakuputu yanu. He went for keeps. Category: Time.
kala noun. lower back. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kalaru noun. 1 • species of plant. This plant has black seeds. It grows near Karlamilyi (Rudal River). Grubs
may be found in this plant. Category: Plants.
2 • species of seed food. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, Plants.
kalayimula verb, (la class). used to claim. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kaliki noun. calico or canvas for shelter or groundsheet. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal
Objects.
Kaliliya noun. Galilee lake and area name. Category: Names and Place Names.
kalipurra descriptor. precious. Thing or person. Kalipurra-ju. This is very precious to me. Category: Value.
kalirtura noun. young thing. Of animals, one that can be outside as well as inside the pouch of a marsupial. Category: Animals.
kaljala verb, intransitive (la class). used to be filled up. Category: Stative Verbs, Number and Quantity.
kalkurnijarra descriptor. coming this way. Category: Direction and Location.
kalkurnirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to turn around. Category: Motion.
kalkurniwarrakurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to turn toward someone. Kalkurniwarrakurringu-
rna. I turned toward him. Category: Motion.
kalungarnarra noun. policeman. Category: People and Kinship.
kaluyarntu noun. big person. Category: People and Kinship.
kalyapuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to make someone ill. Of a spirit of a dead person punishing
someone for bad behaviour; it will make you vomit. Kalyapungku-nta. He will make you sick. Category: Impact, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
kalyarra noun. uncle and nephew. Karimarra/Milangka or Panaka/Purungu. Category: People and Kinship.
kalyartu noun. belonging to the same kinship group. Kalyartukaja-ya. They are all the same "colour". (That
is, they all belong to the same kinship group.) Category: People and Kinship.
kalyjala verb, transitive (la class). used to fill up. As a soak. Kalyjarnu-lu. It filled it up. Category: Stative
Verbs, Number and Quantity.
kalyjirr descriptor. 1 • bitter. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, State.
2 • sour. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, State.
kalyjirrpa 1 • descriptor. sour. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, State.
2 • noun. bad tasting water. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
3 • descriptor. correct. Category: Value.
kalypartu descriptor. 1 • hungry. Category: State, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • greedy. Category: Mood and Character.
kalyparturri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become hungry. Category: Bodily Functions, Food
Cooking and Fire.
kalypartuwinti descriptor. with hunger; hungrily. Category: Manner and Posture.
kalyu noun. 1 • water. Kalyuwapayingka, marlaku yanu. Because there was water everywhere, he went back. Category: Elements.
2 • rain. This word can be used as a colour term--a light blue. Kalyu punkarnu. Rain fell. Kalyulu-
rni pungu. Rain fell on me. Category: Elements.
kalyu luka noun. muddy water. Category: Elements.
kalyukuyarra noun. 1 • lots of water. Category: Elements.
2 • refers to pools of water lying around the country after rain. Category: Elements.
kalyupara descriptor. wet. As a shirt or a book. Category: State.
kalyuparni descriptor. without water. Category: State.
kalyuparnirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to fork (of a windmill). Category: Motion.
2 • used to dry up (water supply). Category: Stative Verbs.
kalyuparrarningka phrase. because a large amount of water prevented an action.
kalyupijurlpa noun. 1 • species of plant. Category: Plants.
2 • seed food. Category: Plants.
kalyupinti noun. container for holding water. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kalyupunajarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become without water. Category: Stative Verbs.
kalyupuru descriptor. 1 • rainy. Category: State.
2 • under water. Category: Direction and Location.
3 • obscured by rain. Category: State.
kalyurninti noun. one who knows where the waterholes are; a countryman. Category: People and Kinship.
kalyurrpa descriptor. weak. Showing no strength at all. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
kalyuwapayingka phrase. because a large amount of water prevented an action.
kama descriptor. hungry. Category: State, Food Cooking and Fire.
kamalpa noun. camel. From: English. Category: Animals.
kamanpa noun. government. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kami noun. 1 • grandmother. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • granddaughter. Category: People and Kinship.
kampa verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to cook. Kampangu kirtirringu. It cooked and got black. Category: Stative Verbs, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • used to burn. Jirntulu-rni kampangu. The sun burned me. Kampanyalyurrpa. It burns (referring to fire). (With this statement is the implication that one should not touch the fire.) Category: Stative
Verbs, Food Cooking and Fire.
kampala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to cook something. Mirta-limpa kamparnu kuka. He/she didn't
cook our meat/or meat for us two. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • used to burn something. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
kamparnu noun. uncle (mother's brother). Kamparnu-ju. He is my uncle. Category: People and Kinship.
kamparra descriptor. new. In the sense of new relationships, e.g. a new baby or a new wife. Category: Value.
kamparr-kamparr descriptor. 1 • upset. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • unsettled business. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
3 • dissatisfied. Category: Mood and Character.
kampu noun. bereaved parent. Category: People and Kinship.
kampukujarra noun. bereaved parents. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
kampurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to lose a child by death. Category: Bodily Functions.
kampurta noun. 1 • orphan. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • bereaved parent. Category: People and Kinship.
-kamu suffix. 1 • and another.
2 • coupler. Martukamu-pula wanti yanu. The man and the woman went. Nganakamu-pula yanu. Who went with him/her? Category: Number and Quantity.
kamu-kamula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to shepherd. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to gather into a group. Category: Holding and Transfer.
kamuru noun. uncle (mother's brother). Category: People and Kinship.
kamururra noun. kin term for an uncle and his nephew or niece. Category: People and Kinship.
kana descriptor. 1 • awake. Kana ngarripayi. He was lying there awake. Category: State.
2 • conscious. Category: State.
kanala verb, transitive (la class). used to wake someone up. Kanarnu-rni. He/she woke me up. Category: Impact.
Kana wangkapayi phrase. He still talked while others were sleeping.
kanaja noun. bush shelter. Used during rainy time. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal
Objects.
kanaji noun. species of snake. This is an edible snake, possibly a carpet snake or python. Category: Reptiles
and Snakes.
kanalkati verb, transitive (Ø class). used to wake everyone up. Category: Impact.
Kanamarta-n phrase. Are you still awake?
kanara-kanara noun. 1 • morning. Category: Time.
2 • waking-up time. When the birds are talking. Category: Time.
kanarangu noun. dawn. Category: Elements, Time.
kanarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to wake up. kanarringu he woke up. Category: Stative Verbs.
kangkuru noun. kangaroo. From: English. Category: Animals.
kaninyjarra descriptor. 1 • inside. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • underneath. Category: Direction and Location.
kaninyjarrajanu descriptor. from the inside. Category: Direction and Location.
kaninyjarrangka descriptor. 1 • in. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • under. Category: Direction and Location.
kaninyjarrawarraku descriptor. deep in. Category: Direction and Location.
kaninykarti descriptor. to the inside. Category: Direction and Location.
kaninykurti descriptor. 1 • inside. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • underneath. Category: Direction and Location.
kaninypa descriptor. 1 • deep. Category: State.
2 • inside. Category: Direction and Location.
kanjulpa noun. community council. Category: People and Kinship.
kanka descriptor. 1 • up. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • above. Category: Direction and Location.
kankajingala verb, transitive (la class). used to raise someone's arms. Kankajingarnu. He raised up the other man's arms. Category: Motion.
kankararra descriptor. 1 • on top. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • above. Category: Direction and Location.
kankarra descriptor. on top; above; up. Category: Direction and Location.
kanmarrpa descriptor. quiet; not speaking. Category: Mood and Character.
kanpa particle. can't. From: English. Category: Particles.
kanparrja noun. species of gecko. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
kantamula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to count. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Number and
Quantity.
kanti1 noun. stone knife. Can be embedded in the handle of the spearthrower; held in place by hardened wax. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kanti2 interjection. interjection expressing feeling wuyurrpa. Kanti! Yakarriwa! Please! Don't say anything! Category: Interjections.
kantilirri interjection. interjection expressing excitement. Kantilirri! Jurrama-jananya! Please! Leave them
alone! Category: Interjections.
kantula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to stamp one's feet. Category: Impact, Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • used to dance. Kanturnu-laju wintamarrakarti. We danced to the mulga tree. Category: Motion, Dreaming and Ceremony.
3 • used to tread on. Category: Impact.
4 • used to kick. Category: Impact.
5 • used to stand before a group of people (for rebuke). Kanturnu-janampa. He stood before the mob. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
kantulkati verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to stamp along. Category: Motion. Gram: With -ngu in PAST eg.
kanya noun. groin. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kanyala noun. hill kangaroo. Category: Animals.
kanyanpa noun. hot cooking stones. Inserted inside a dead animal for cooking. Category: Food Cooking and
Fire.
kanyila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to have. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to keep. Kanyila-ra. Keep it for him. Category: Holding and Transfer.
kanyjamarra noun. species of plant. This plant has a carrot-like tuber. It is a native yam. Vigna lanceolata. Category: Plants.
kanyjangkuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to crush leaves. Category: Impact.
kanyjikujukarti descriptor. on one leg. Kanyjikujukarti yikini. He is standing on one leg. Category: Manner
and Posture.
kanyjilyi noun. species of plant. This plant grows in sandhill country. It is a favourite fruit. Solanum centrale. Category: Plants.
kapamanpa noun. 1 • Government. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • mostly refers to state Government in Perth. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • government bosses. Category: People and Kinship.
Kapaniyampa noun. Capernaum. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
Kapaniyamu noun. Capernaum. Category: Names and Place Names.
kapanta noun. carpenter. Category: People and Kinship.
Kapara noun. Thursday. From: English. Category: Time.
kapararra descriptor. 1 • shiney.
2 • smooth. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
kaparli noun. 1 • grandmother. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • granddaughter. Category: People and Kinship.
kaparlirra noun. kin term for a woman and her grandchild; a child and his/her grandmother. Category: People
and Kinship.
kapi noun. 1 • water. Category: Elements.
2 • rain. Category: Elements.
kapu particle. 1 • introducer. Category: Particles.
2 • and you? Category: Particles.
3 • then. Kapu puwa! Well then, hit it! Category: Particles.
kapukurri noun. dream. Kapukurrilu-rna nyangu. I saw him in a dream. Category: Dreaming and
Ceremony, Vocalising and Thought.
kapukurrila verb, (la class). used to dream. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kapulyurru noun. 1 • flank. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • waist. Category: Body Parts and Products.
3 • side. Category: Body Parts and Products, Direction and Location.
kapuraly Variant: kapuruly. descriptor. 1 • smooth. As a rock. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
2 • slippery. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
kapuralykawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to slip on something slippery such as mud. Category: Motion.
kapurr-kapurrjula verb, transitive (jula class). used to appear suddenly and then disappear (of a large group
or horde). Category: Motion.
kapuruly Variant: kapuraly. descriptor. 1 • smooth. As a rock. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
2 • slippery. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
karala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to sense something. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to feel the presence of something (something not visible). Category: Stative Verbs.
-karala verb suffix, (la class). 1 • mistakenly. Mitu-kara-rnu-rna. I wrongly thought he was dead.
Jumakararni-ngkun. You mistakenly think you are someone big!
2 • mistaken for something else. Kujupakaralpayi-rnanta. I mistook you for someone else. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
karalyala verb, intransitive (la class). used to break. Category: Impact.
karalypa descriptor. blunt. As a knife, axe or spear. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
kararrpa noun. species of snake. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
Karimarra noun. kinship section name. Category: People and Kinship, Names and Place Names,
Dreaming and Ceremony.
karla noun. 1 • fire. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • firewood. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
Karlamilyi noun. Rudall River. Category: Names and Place Names.
karlaya noun. 1 • emu. Dromaius novaehollandiae. Category: Birds.
2 • Emu People of the Dreamtime. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
karli1 noun. boomerang. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
karli2 noun. son or man's brother's son. This is a vocative term used for nephew; e.g., a Karimarra man may
call some Milangka men this term. Category: People and Kinship.
karlingara verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to be a new moon. Category: Elements.
karlipirtunu descriptor. lying on side. Karlipurtunu ngarri. Curl up and lie down on your side. Category: Manner and Posture.
karliyiki verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to be a new moon. Karliyikini. The new moon is shining. Category: Elements.
karljarrkawa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to break something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to smash something. E.g. an egg, orange, tyre-- something juicy. Category: Impact.
3 • used to squeeze juice out of something. E.g. an orange. Category: Impact.
karljarrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to break something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to smash something. E.g. an egg, orange, tyre-- something juicy. Category: Impact.
3 • used to squeeze juice out of something. E.g. an orange. Category: Impact.
karlji noun. white clay. Used for paint in ceremonies. Category: Elements, Colour Pattern and Texture,
Dreaming and Ceremony.
karlka descriptor. big. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
karlkajarra Variant: karlkanyjarra. noun. 1 • fork of a tree. Category: Plants.
2 • junction of a creek. Category: Elements.
3 • scissors. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
karlkajarrangka phrase. in the fork of a branch. This term describes the place the axe head was placed
before attaching it the handle.
karlka-karlkakaja noun. big stones. Category: Elements.
karlkanyjarra Variant: karlkajarra. noun. 1 • fork of a tree. Category: Plants.
2 • junction of a creek. Category: Elements.
3 • scissors. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
karlkarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become big/grow big; used to mature. As a melon or fruit. Category: Stative Verbs, Size Shape and Weight.
karlkawarta noun. heavy rain. May include hail with the rain. Category: Elements.
karlki noun. 1 • the others. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • the rest. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • some. Karlki-ya marlakarti yanu. The others went behind/after. Category: Number and Quantity.
karlkin noun. 1 • the others. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • the rest. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • some. Category: Number and Quantity.
karlkinpa noun. 1 • the others. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • the rest. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • some. Category: Number and Quantity.
karlkula noun. bush banana. Also called a "silky pear"; this is the fruit of a parasitic vine which grows up
trees. Category: Plants.
karlparrpa noun. nape of the neck. Category: Body Parts and Products.
karlpila verb, (la class). used to trip up. Used of stones or sticks causing one to trip. Category: Motion.
karlpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to break something. E.g. a leg. Karlpungu tarrka. He broke his leg. Category: Impact.
karltaly-karltalypa noun. to go along (a goanna) with claws just touching the ground. Category: Motion.
karlu-karlu noun. loaf of bread. Not in the shape of a damper. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
karluwari Variant: karluwayi. noun. honey. Category: Elements.
karluwayi Variant: karluwari. noun. honey. Category: Elements.
karnajarlpi descriptor. legs crossed. Nyinani karnajarlpi. He is sitting with his legs crossed. Category: Manner and Posture.
karnampi noun. yandy dish. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
karnampila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to yandy. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to winnow. Category: Holding and Transfer.
karnila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to yandy seeds. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to winnow seeds. Category: Holding and Transfer.
karnilpa noun. 1 • yandy dish. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • wooden dish. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
karnku noun. 1 • relations who cry for initiate. E.g. mothers, fathers, uncles and aunties. Category: People
and Kinship.
2 • mourners in a ceremony. As opposed to the active "workers". Category: People and Kinship.
karnngarrpa descriptor. restless. When a person can't sleep; senses that something is wrong somewhere. Category: Mood and Character.
karnpa noun. scorpion. Category: Insects.
karnpi noun. fat. Category: Body Parts and Products.
karntakara noun. bull ant. Category: Insects.
karntamarri noun. marriageable man. Category: People and Kinship.
karntarangu noun. desert poplar. This tree is the desert poplar. It is a shrub with grubs in the roots. Codonocarpus cotinifolius. Category: Plants.
karntawarra noun. 1 • wattle tree. Category: Plants.
2 • yellow ochre; yellow ochre. Category: Elements, Dreaming and Ceremony.
karnti noun. species of plant. This root food is like mata - a bush yam. Category: Plants.
karnu noun. fat. Category: Body Parts and Products.
karnuja noun. non-achiever. One who can't do something. Karnuja-n? Are you useless? Category: People
and Kinship, Mood and Character.
karnujalka descriptor. not skilled in a particular area. Category: Mood and Character.
karnujula verb, transitive (jula class). used to feel the fat on an animal. Category: Holding and Transfer.
karnumarta noun. fat one. Category: People and Kinship.
-karra noun suffix. event. wangkakarra a talk (fv:wangka talk + -karra event). kunyalakarra sleepy
(fv:kunyala sleep + -karra event). pinalkarra an obedient person (fv:pina ear + -l- + -karra event).
rayipulkarra shooting (fv:rayipul rifle + -karra event). kuwiyikarra a hunt (fv:kuwiyi meat + -
karra event). matakarra the time for digging for bush potatoes (fv:mata bush potato + -karra event).
mirli-mirlikarra working with papers or books, i.e., deskwork (fv:mirli-mirli paper/book + -karra
event). wuukartakarra the time for getting honey ants (wuukarta honey ants). jurtakarra an
argument (jurta fight/argument). maruntukarra the time for getting maruntu (maruntu a type of
goanna). tiinakarra lunchtime/dinnertime (tiina dinner). turlkukarra ceremonies when singing takes
place (turlku song).
karralmala verb, intransitive (mala class). used to make a rustling noise. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Sounds, Sounds.
karrany-karrany-pa noun. sunset. Category: Time.
karrata descriptor. 1 • fearful. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • shock. Category: Mood and Character.
karrata-karrata noun. extreme fright. Category: State.
karratanyju 1 • noun. helpful person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • descriptor. gracious. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • descriptor. kind. Category: Mood and Character.
4 • descriptor. caring. Category: Mood and Character.
5 • descriptor. welcoming. Of a person who will always invite you into their home. Category: Mood
and Character.
karratanyjuparni noun. person who is not helpful. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
karrataparni descriptor. not helpful. Category: Mood and Character.
karratapayi noun. caring person/kind person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
karratapayimunu noun. person with "no feeling"; ruthless and brutal person; a person who is a trouble-
maker, but gets away with it. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
karratarri verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to be amazed. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
2 • used to be frightened. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
3 • used to be horrified. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
karratarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become frightened. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Mood and Character.
-karrayija noun suffix. dweller. kalyukarrayija a water-dweller, i.e., a fish (fv:kalyu water + -karrayija
dweller). yapukarrayija a hill-dweller, i.e., an animal that lives in the hill country (fv:yapu hill/stone
+ -karrayija dweller).
karri-karri descriptor. very small. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
karrila noun. daytime hunting trip. Karrila-rna yanku. I will go out for the day. Category: Animals, Motion.
karripartu noun. wind. Category: Elements.
karrjapuwa verb, (wa class). used to swear at someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
karrjulypa noun. species of plant. Category: Plants.
karr-karrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to pain. Karr-karrarringu kata. His head was paining. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
karr-karrpa noun. pain. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
karrkarta noun. 1 • juice from meat. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, Body Parts and Products.
2 • gravy. Karrkartangka-la jarlajunkuni. We are dipping it into the gravy/meat juice. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
karrku noun. red ochre. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Elements, Colour Pattern and Texture.
karrpa-karrpa descriptor. tight grip. Held so tightly that it can't excape. Ngalurnu karrpa-karrpalu. He
held him with a tight grip. Category: Manner and Posture.
karrparta noun. spear. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
Karrparti noun. name of place. This is the waterhole yinta of a particular "rainmaker" named Karrparti in the
Dreamtime. Category: Names and Place Names.
karrpila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to tie up something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to bandage something. Category: Impact.
karrpilpa Variant: karrpirlpa. noun. sorcerer. This person is also called a "featherfoot". Category: People and
Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
karrpiri noun. something visible only to a maparn. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
karrpirlpa Variant: karrpilpa. noun. 1 • feather foot. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • kudaicha man. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
karrpu noun. daytime. Category: Time.
karrpu-karrpu noun. early morning; morning tea time. Category: Time.
karrpu-karrpumarta noun. when it is lighter; early morning. Category: Time.
karrpukujupa noun. 1 • another day. Category: Time.
2 • day after tomorrow. Category: Time.
3 • day before yesterday. Category: Time.
karrpukurlu descriptor. while there is daylight. Category: Time.
karrpulpi 1 • descriptor. before it is too late. Category: Time.
2 • descriptor. while there is still some light. Category: Time.
3 • noun. afternoon. Category: Time.
karrpumarta descriptor. when it is light. Category: Time.
karrpuminyirri descriptor. really bright. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
karrpungka noun. 1 • yesterday. Category: Time.
2 • during daytime. Category: Time.
Karrpungkalpi! phrase. Do it while there is still some daylight!
karrpurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become light/day. Category: Stative Verbs, Time.
karrpurrinyja descriptor. becoming daytime. Category: Manner and Posture.
karrpuwati noun. 1 • day time. Category: Time.
2 • middle of the day; noon. Category: Time.
karrpuyampajara noun. another day. Karrpuyampajara-la yanku. We will go another day. Category: Time.
karru noun. 1 • creek. Category: Elements.
2 • river. Category: Elements.
karru wirla noun. full creek. Category: Elements.
karrujurra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to walk up and down. Category: Motion. Gram: With -nu in PAST
headword.
karru-karru noun. path. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
karrungara verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to go back and forth. Category: Motion.
karruwanarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to come along the creek. Category: Motion.
kartala verb, transitive (la class). used to chop something. Category: Impact.
-karta noun suffix. directional suffix. Yankuni-rni kayilikarta. The wind was coming from the north.
Wilinypa wangkani kakarrakarta. The wind is blowing from an easterly direction. ngurrakarta
camping out (for more than a day). purikarta going out for a day trip. jampakarta soon/within a
short time. wirlarrakarta while the moon is shining. Category: Direction and Location, Time.
kartaku noun. container. Such as a billycan, bucket, saucepan. Category: Artefacts Constructions and
Personal Objects.
kartanypuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to cross over. Category: Motion.
Kartaparli noun. Watchpoint windmill. Category: Names and Place Names.
-karti noun suffix. 1 • to. Yanu-laju ngurrakarti. We went to camp. mulyakarti at one end (mulya nose + -
karti to). marlakarti back to where one started from (marla behind + -karti to).
2 • toward. Lit: left hand + to.. jampukarti toward the left side. Category: Direction and Location.
kartimala verb, transitive (mala class). 1 • used to grab something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to hold something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
kartiya noun. white person. Category: People and Kinship.
kartiyaparningka descriptor. in the days before the whitefella came. Lit: whitefella-without-in. Category: Time.
Kartujarra noun. language name. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Names and Place Names.
kartungu noun. 1 • woman. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • wife. Category: People and Kinship.
karu1 particle. 1 • introducer. Category: Particles.
2 • well then. Karu, wanyja? Well then, where is it? Category: Particles.
karu2 noun. short fighting spear. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
karulypa 1 • descriptor. smooth. Category: State.
2 • noun. smooth skin. A younger smooth skinned person is seen as good looking. Category: Body
Parts and Products.
karunypuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to vomit. Category: Bodily Functions, Healing Sickness
and Ailments.
2 • used to feel nauseated. Category: Bodily Functions, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
karurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to take a fit. Category: Bodily Functions, Healing Sickness
and Ailments.
2 • used to stagger. Category: Motion.
3 • used to get drunk from laughter. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
kata noun. head. Pungu katanyuku. He hit the man on the head. Kata pupati! Bow your head! Kata
yurringu. He nodded his head. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kata kurirri-kurirri descriptor. bit mad. Category: Mood and Character.
kata purli descriptor. bald. Category: State, Body Parts and Products. Gram: purli is stone.
kata wapaju descriptor. itchy, flaky head. Category: State.
katakampu noun. bald head. Category: Body Parts and Products.
katakaninypa noun. head over heels. Category: Motion.
katamatula verb, transitive (la class). used to separate one group of people or animals from another. Category: Impact.
katamijimiji noun. species of bird. Category: Birds.
katangka wajala verb, (la class). used to say something that is not true that one has thought up. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
katangka yuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to instruct. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to teach. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
katapakarrpa noun. species of lizard. This lizard lives on the mulga trees. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
katapuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to cut hair. Category: Impact.
2 • used to divide belongings. Category: Impact.
kataputa noun. mountain devil. Moloch horridus. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
katarlpa noun. top end of something. E.g. a camp, a bed. Category: Direction and Location.
katawana noun. side of the head. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kati verb, transitive (Ø class). 1 • used to carry. Jawala kati! Carry it along quickly! Category: Holding and
Transfer.
2 • used to take. Kati ngurrakarti! Take it to camp! Category: Holding and Transfer.
3 • used to bring. Category: Holding and Transfer.
-kati verb suffix, (Ø class). verbalising suffix. Gram: Same verb suffixing as kati~.
katin-katinpa noun. son (special usage). Category: People and Kinship.
katu 1 • noun. top. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • descriptor. shallow. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
3 • noun. above. Category: Direction and Location.
4 • descriptor. softly. As speaking or laughing. Category: Manner and Posture.
katula verb, transitive (la class). used to lift an object. Category: Holding and Transfer.
katuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to cut. Katungu-ngku mara murtilyalu. The boy cut his hand. Category: Impact.
2 • used to chop. Category: Impact.
katujanu descriptor. from the surface of something. Category: Direction and Location.
katujula verb, transitive (jula class). used to put something on top. Category: Holding and Transfer.
katukatu noun. very top of hills. Category: Elements.
katulkirra descriptor. on top of another. Category: Direction and Location.
katupuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to cut off a piece of something. Category: Impact.
kawajawalpa noun. camel. Category: Animals.
kawalya descriptor. 1 • quiet. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • well-behaved. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • peaceful. Category: Mood and Character. See: nganmi.
kawarlila verb, transitive (la class). used to lose something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
kawarlirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become lost. Category: Motion.
kawarn-kawarnarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become mad; deaf; confused. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Stative Verbs, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
kawarn-kawarnpa descriptor. 1 • mad. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
2 • deaf. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
3 • confused. Category: Mood and Character.
kawirlpa descriptor. bitter. As the taste of very strong tea. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, State.
kawu noun. body; corpse. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kawuntamula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to count. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Number and
Quantity.
2 • used to work out a mathematical result. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Number and
Quantity.
Kayapajpa noun. Caiaphas. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
kayi interjection. well, what's up? Kayi! Well, what's up? Category: Interjections.
-kayila suffix. and then. Signifies sequential action. Category: Time.
kayili descriptor. north. Kayili-laju yanu. We went north. Category: Direction and Location.
kayilikarta noun. north wind. Category: Elements.
kayilikarti descriptor. to the north, northwards. Category: Direction and Location.
kayili-kayili descriptor. northerly direction. Category: Direction and Location.
kayilimalu noun. mob from the north. Category: People and Kinship.
kayilirra descriptor. north. Category: Direction and Location.
kayilirra descriptor. toward the north. Category: Direction and Location.
kayilirrangu noun. north wind. Category: Elements.
kayilirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become in the north. Category: Stative Verbs.
Kayinanpa noun. Canaan. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
kayukura noun. 1 • dew. Category: Elements.
2 • fog. Category: Elements.
kiilypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to feel coldness come over one. Category: Bodily Functions, Stative
Verbs.
kiinanu noun. to skin an animal. From: English. Category: Impact.
kiinirri noun. species of bird. Category: Birds.
kiinjamula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to oppose another. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to rubbish another. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kiinpa noun. animal skin. From: English. Category: Animals, Body Parts and Products.
kiirlmala verb, intransitive (mala class). used to cry out (animal). Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
kiirntarra verb, transitive (rra class). used to choke someone. Category: Impact. Gram: With -nu in PAST
headword.
kiitpa noun. gate. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kiitu noun. gate. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
-kija verb suffix. suffix indicating intent. Yankukija. He wants to go/is thinking about going. yankukijalu just
as he was going. Gram: nominalises verbs
kiji-kiji noun. a tickle. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kiki noun. faeces. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kikirijula verb, transitive (jula class). used to throw crookedly. E.g. a boomerang. Category: Holding and
Transfer.
kila noun. bullock or other animal killed for meat. Usually European type animals. Category: Animals, Food
Cooking and Fire.
Kilijiya noun. Galatia. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
kilinpala descriptor. 1 • clean. Category: State.
2 • person clean from washing. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
kilinpalala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to clean. Category: Impact.
2 • used to wash dirt off. Category: Impact.
kilu noun. mouse. Category: Animals.
kilyarrkura noun. light-coloured hair. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kimirikinypa Variant: kumurikinypa. noun. mosquito. Category: Insects.
kingkilypa noun. animal. Category: Animals.
kinilypuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to cough. Category: Bodily Functions, Healing Sickness and
Ailments. See: wirla nguntu.
kinpa particle. again. From: English. Category: Particles.
kinpirrjula verb, intransitive (jula class). used to choke on something. Get something like a bone caught in
throat. Category: Bodily Functions, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
kinti descriptor. 1 • close. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • nearby. Category: Direction and Location.
kinti majala verb, transitive (la class). used to wait with patience. Category: Stative Verbs.
kinti wangka verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to blow gently (wind). Category: Motion.
kinti yarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to go slowly. Category: Motion. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
kinti-kinti noun. 1 • a cough. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
2 • a cold. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
kintilu japira kulila verb, transitive (la class). used to intensively question a person. Used of police questioning. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kintilu kulila verb, transitive (la class). used to listen carefully. Category: Bodily Functions.
Kintimarta! phrase. Get closer!
kintirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to not come close. Category: Motion. Gram: ??
kinyimulyju parnti noun. smell of skin burning. E.g. of a kangaroo. Category: Body Parts and Products.
Kinyu noun. name of place. Site on the Canning Stock Route. Category: Names and Place Names.
Kiriki noun. Greek. Category: Names and Place Names.
-kirra noun suffix. juxtaposed. kintilkirra too close (as a relation too close for marriage).
kirriji noun. 1 • single person. Man or woman. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • camp for single people. Kirrijingka-ya nyinani. They are living in the singlemen's camp. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kirriji ngarripayi verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to be homosexual. Category: Stative Verbs.
kirrki noun. hawk. Category: Birds.
kirta noun. 1 • man. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • husband. Category: People and Kinship.
kirtapartanu noun. one's own man; one's husband. Category: People and Kinship.
kirtapayi noun. someone attracted to men. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
kirti noun. 1 • spinifex wax. Category: Plants, Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • resin. Category: Plants, Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kirtijula verb, transitive (jula class). used to put spinifex wax on something. Category: Impact.
kirti-kirti noun. kangaroo. Category: Animals.
kirtingarli noun. cabbage gum. Eucalyptus aspera. Category: Plants. See: jarturtu.
kitaa noun. guitar. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kitawu noun. guitar. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kiti-kiti noun. armpit. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kiwily-kiwilypa noun. worms (infesting kangaroos). Category: Insects.
Kiyajarra noun. dialect name. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Names and Place Names.
-ku1 verb suffix. will. nyinaku he will sit/be/live. kunyalarriku he will go to sleep. Category: Time.
-ku2 noun suffix. dative case marker. Yanu-lajura waruku. We went for firewood. Julyjujanu-ngku
nyuntuku! Yours (the hat for you) is an old one. Manku-ran jina-jina wantiku? Will you get a
dress for the woman? Parlanpa-rnara tiiku. I am disliking for tea (i.e., I don't like tea). Wajarnu-ra
murtilyaku. He said it to/for the boy.
kujala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to cook something. Ngalangu-ya mirrka kujarnuka. They ate the
food after they cooked it. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • used to make a fire. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
kuja-kujala verb, transitive (la class). used to quickly light a fire. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
kujarra descriptor. two. Category: Number and Quantity.
kujarrala verb, transitive (la class). used to split something in two. Category: Impact, Number and Quantity.
-kujarra noun suffix. two. ngayukujarra we two. nyuntukujarra you two. jiikujarra these two. yirnakujarra
the two men. murtikujarrawana between his knees. Category: Number and Quantity.
kujarrakarti descriptor. both sides of something. Category: Direction and Location.
kujarramarriti descriptor. two at a time. Category: Number and Quantity, Manner and Posture.
kujarrangka descriptor. twice. Category: Manner and Posture, Number and Quantity.
kujarrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to separate into two parts. Category: Motion.
kujilarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become homesick. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood
and Character.
kujilkujilpa descriptor. 1 • very sad. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • homesick. Category: Mood and Character.
kujilpa descriptor. homesick. Kujilpa-rna nyinapayi. I was homesick. Category: Mood and Character.
kuju descriptor. one. Category: Number and Quantity.
kujukarti descriptor. one side. kujukarti ngarrini he is lying on one side. Category: Direction and Location.
kujukartiwiyayiju descriptor. one sided only. E.g. too greedy to return a favour; someone who receives but
refuses to give something back. Category: Mood and Character.
kuju-kujungkala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to gather together. Used of a great many people meeting together. Category: Motion.
kujumarriti descriptor. one at a time. Category: Number and Quantity, Manner and Posture.
kujungka descriptor. together. Category: Manner and Posture, Number and Quantity.
kujungkala verb, transitive (la class). used to bring together. Category: Holding and Transfer.
Kujungka puwa! phrase. He hit him once; he hit him for the last time.
kujungkarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become one. E.g. two clouds becoming one or people
gathering together into one mob. Category: Stative Verbs.
kujungkarriwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to gather together. Category: Motion.
kujungurru noun. sea. Category: Elements.
kujunguru kujunguru descriptor. one by one. Category: Manner and Posture, Number and Quantity.
kujun-kujunpa descriptor. 1 • each one. Category: Manner and Posture, Number and Quantity.
2 • one by one. Category: Manner and Posture, Number and Quantity.
kujupa noun. 1 • the other one. Category: Number and Quantity.
2 • another. Kujupa-rni yuwa! Give me another one! Category: Number and Quantity.
kujupa descriptor. 1 • the other one.
2 • another. Kujupa-rni yiwa! Give me another one! Category: Number and Quantity.
kujupala verb, transitive (la class). used to make another. Category: Impact.
-kujupa noun suffix. 1 • the other one.
2 • another. Category: Number and Quantity.
kujupajanu descriptor. from somewhere else. Category: Direction and Location.
Kujupakararnu-rnanta. phrase. I mistook you for someone else.
kujupakarti descriptor. the other way. Category: Direction and Location.
kujupakartila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to turn something over. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to make something different. Category: Impact.
3 • used to change a message. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kujupakartinala verb, transitive (la class). used to keep on turning something over. Category: Holding and
Transfer. Gram: With -ngu PAST eg.
kujupakartirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to go the other way. Category: Motion.
kujupakartirri verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to be a different way. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to think or live a different way from the norm. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kujupa-kujupa descriptor. really different. Category: State.
kujupamala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to change another. Category: Holding and Transfer.
kujuparri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become something else. Category: Stative Verbs.
kujupawanala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to cause a person to go another way. Category: Vocalising
and Thought.
2 • used to cause a person to live wrongly. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kujupawayi descriptor. another way. Category: Manner and Posture.
kujurninti descriptor. on his own. I.e. one who knows about being alone. Category: Manner and Posture.
kujurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become one. Kujurringu-rna. I became one (i.e., a brother or
sister has passed away). Category: Stative Verbs.
kujuyiti noun. one-sided favour. Won't return the favour. Category: Mood and Character.
kuka noun. 1 • meat. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, Body Parts and Products.
2 • animal. Category: Animals.
-kukala verb suffix, (la class). mistaken thought. Kujupakukalpayi-rnanta. I was mistaking you for someone
else. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kukakijalu descriptor. to be wanting meat. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Food Cooking and Fire.
kukakurra noun. duck. Generic term. Category: Birds.
kukaparni descriptor. without meat. Category: State.
kukarninti noun. hunting dog. Lit: meat and knower. Category: Animals.
kuku noun. hidden object. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
kukujarri descriptor. secretly. Category: Manner and Posture.
kukujula verb, transitive (jula class). used to hide something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
kukulyjula verb, transitive (jula class). used to put decorations on. Category: Impact, Colour Pattern and
Texture.
kukulypa noun. men's decoration (made from wood). Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Artefacts
Constructions and Personal Objects.
kukurnjari Variant: kukurnjarri. noun. sheep. Category: Animals.
kukurnjarri Variant: kukurnjari. noun. sheep. Category: Animals.
kukurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to hide. Category: Motion.
kukurrpa noun. kind of devil. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
kulila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to listen to someone. Kulila-ra. Listen to him. Kulila-rniya! Hey! All of you listen to me! Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • used to hear. Category: Bodily Functions.
3 • used to understand (which implies obeying). Category: Vocalising and Thought.
4 • used to think about something. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kulil-kulilpa noun. ear. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kulirnu jurra verb, transitive (rra class). used to reject another's advice or argument. Category: Vocalising and
Thought. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
kulirnu kati verb, (Ø class). used to hear a message and take it and give it to others. Category: Vocalising and
Thought.
kultu noun. 1 • side. Of person, animal, shield, spearthrower, etc.. Category: Body Parts and Products,
Direction and Location.
2 • waist. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kulula verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to meet up. Kululku-ngkuya. They will meet up together. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to join together. Especially at times of mourning. Category: Holding and Transfer.
kulujpa noun. 1 • clothes. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • shirt. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
3 • trousers. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
4 • dress. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kuluju noun. clothes. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kuluju juriwanpa noun. smart clothes. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kulupalarrpa noun. 1 • stragglers. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • others who arrive after the main group has arrived. Category: People and Kinship.
kulyja noun. wad of tobacco (for chewing). Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
kulyu1 descriptor. wounded. Kulyu pungu. He only wounded it. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments,
State.
kulyu2 noun. bush potato. Ipomoea sp.. Category: Plants.
kumpi descriptor. 1 • secret. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Value.
2 • hidden. Category: State.
kumpila verb, intransitive (la class). used to hide. Category: Motion.
kumpijula verb, transitive (jula class). used to hide something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
kumpirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become secret. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kumpu noun. urine. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kumpujala verb, intransitive (jala class). used to urinate. Category: Bodily Functions.
kumpupara descriptor. having urine in or on something. Category: State.
kumu descriptor. together. Category: Manner and Posture.
kumungkarriwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to gather together. Category: Motion.
2 • used to meet together. Category: Motion.
kumurikinypa Variant: kimirikinypa. noun. mosquito. Category: Insects.
kumurljunu verb, transitive (unclassed). put scars on someone. Category: Impact, Colour Pattern and
Texture, Dreaming and Ceremony. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
kumurlpa noun. a scar. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
kuna noun. 1 • faeces. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • anus. Category: Body Parts and Products.
3 • butt of spear. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kunala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to defecate. Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • used to lay an egg. Category: Bodily Functions. Gram: With -rnu in PAST headword.
kunakaja noun. waste material in the intestines. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kunarta noun. hail. Category: Elements.
kunaruntu noun. 1 • species of plant. Category: Plants.
2 • seed food. Category: Plants.
kunawirnka noun. 1 • rock fig. It has small yellow fruit when ripe. Category: Plants.
2 • vegetable food. Ficus platypoda. Category: Plants.
kungkungu noun. poison. From: English. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
kunka descriptor. 1 • raw. Either meat or other food. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, State.
2 • unripe. As fruit. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, State.
kunkarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become a law breaker. Category: Stative Verbs.
kunmarnu noun. name substitute. A word used in place of the name of a person who has died. At present
this word itself is not being used because of the death of a person who had been referred to this term
for a long time. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
kunurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to hibernate. E.g. goannas and lizards. Category: Bodily
Functions.
kunyala Variant: kunyarla. noun. sleep. Kunyala ngarripayi. He was lying asleep. Category: Body Parts and
Products.
kunyalajanu descriptor. from sleep; after sleeping. kunyalajanu pakarnu he just got up from sleeping. Category: Manner and Posture.
kunyalakarra descriptor. sleepy. Category: State.
kunyalarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to go to sleep. Category: Bodily Functions.
kunyarla Variant: kunyala. noun. sleep. Category: State.
kunyjala Variant: kuunyjala. verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to suck something. Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • used to sip. Category: Bodily Functions.
kunyjunyu Variant: kunyunyu. descriptor. 1 • good. Category: Value.
2 • well. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
3 • healthy. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
4 • pretty. Category: Value.
5 • safe. I.e. "clear"; not sacred. Category: State.
kunyjunyula Variant: kunyunyula. verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to make something good. Category: Impact.
2 • used to repair. Category: Impact.
kunyjunyumala verb, transitive (mala class). 1 • used to make something good. Category: Impact.
2 • used to fix something. Category: Impact.
3 • used to heal someone. Category: Impact, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
kunyjunyumarta noun. good one. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
kunyjunyuminyirri descriptor. really good. Category: Value.
kunyjunyurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get well; used to become good. Category: Stative Verbs,
Healing Sickness and Ailments.
kunyjunyuwanpa noun. good one; good thing. Category: Value.
kunyunyu Variant: kunyjunyu. descriptor. good; well. Category: Value.
kunyunyula Variant: kunyjunyula. verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to make good. Category: Impact.
kupirlangkawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to turn around. Kupirlangkangu. It has turned around. Category: Motion.
kupirl-kupirlpa noun. winding. As a road. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
kupirlpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to turn something around. E.g. a car, a bullock. Category: Motion.
kupurljingala verb, transitive (la class). used to turn something around. Category: Holding and Transfer.
Kuraji noun. Christ. Category: Names and Place Names.
kuralypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to brush dirt off something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to clean something with water. Category: Impact.
kuran kirtijarra noun. disobedient person. A person who cannot hear a request. Lit: an ear full of spinifex
wax. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
kuran kujupa noun. different idea. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kuran murltu noun. disobedient person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
kuranarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become sensible. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood
and Character.
kuranarriwa verb, (wa class). 1 • used to understand. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to know. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
Kurangarra noun. name of a song line. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
kuranjula verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to remind a person what they have been told. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to teach; used to instruct. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
3 • used to tell. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kuranju kanyila verb, (la class). used to keep a word in your head. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
Kuranju kanyila! phrase. Keep that advice in your mind!; Remember that advice! Lit: keep it in your ear.
kuranmarra verb, transitive (rra class). used to instruct a person. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram:
With -nu in PAST headword.
kuranpa noun. ear. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kurarra noun. species of tree. This is a wattle with edible seeds. The ground seeds are eaten as a paste. The
wood is very hard and suitable for boomerangs and hitting sticks. Acacia tetragonophylla. Category: Plants.
Kurayijpa noun. Christ. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
kuriipiji noun. grapes. Category: Plants.
kuripijpa noun. grapes. Category: Plants.
kurirri descriptor. 1 • spinning. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • going around. Kurirri yanu. It went round and round. Category: Manner and Posture.
kurirrijingala verb, transitive (la class). used to twirl something around. Like something on the end of a rope. Category: Holding and Transfer.
kurlakurla noun. one who is wanting sex. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
kurlanyju noun. one who is wanting sex very much. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
kurlarta noun. a spear. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kurlartala verb, transitive (la class). used to make a spear. Category: Impact. Gram: With -rnu in PAST headword.
kurli noun. hot time. Category: Time.
kurlijarra noun. summer. Category: Time.
kurljirrkurljirrpa descriptor. 1 • very sad. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • very homesick. Category: Mood and Character.
kurljirrpa descriptor. 1 • sad. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • homesick. Category: Mood and Character.
kurljula verb, transitive (jula class). used to swallow something. Category: Bodily Functions.
kurlka noun. ear. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kurlkawarta noun. obedient person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
kurlkupinti descriptor. on one elbow. Category: Manner and Posture.
kurlkupirti descriptor. on one elbow. Kurlkupirti ngarrini. He is lying on one elbow. Category: Manner and
Posture.
kurlpajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to vomit. Category: Bodily Functions, Healing Sickness and
Ailments.
kurlpa-kurlparri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to vomit. Category: Bodily Functions, Healing
Sickness and Ailments.
kurlpakurlu descriptor. feeling ill; about to vomit. Category: Mood and Character, Healing Sickness and
Ailments.
kurlpila verb, transitive (la class). used to trip up someone. Kurlpirnu-rnaju. I tripped up myself. Category: Impact.
kurlpirrpa noun. kangaroo. Category: Animals.
kurlpula verb, transitive (la class). used to chase something. Category: Motion.
kurlpura wanala verb, transitive (la class). used to chase something. Category: Motion.
kurlu descriptor. later. Kurlu-li yanku. We two will go later. Category: Time.
-kurlu suffix. 1 • having.
2 • possessing.
3 • with. Wantilu jawarnu pirti wanakurlulu. The woman dug the hole with a digging stick.
kurlunga descriptor. after. Category: Time.
kurlunypa noun. young animals. Category: Animals.
kurlurrpa noun. testes. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kurluwa noun. light winter rain. Category: Elements.
kurluwalu puwa verb, (wa class). 1 • rain hitting people. Category: Impact.
2 • rained heavily on us. Category: Impact.
-kurna noun suffix. to; toward. Wanyjakurna yankuni? Where is he going? kaninyjarrakurna the bottom
side. Category: Direction and Location.
kurnpu descriptor. 1 • well. Category: State.
2 • strong. Category: State.
3 • thick. As a loaf of bread. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
kurnpumarta noun. thick one. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
kurnta descriptor. 1 • shy. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • shame. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • ashamed. Category: Mood and Character.
kurntala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to cut something. Mara-rnaju kurntarnu nayipuwintilu. I cut my
hand with a knife. Category: Impact.
2 • used to sever something. Category: Impact.
kurntajula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to make another ashamed. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Mood and Character.
kurntaminyirri descriptor. really shy. Category: Mood and Character.
Kurntangka! phrase. He is shy!
kurntaparni descriptor. shameless; brash; rude; improper. Category: Mood and Character.
kurntapayi noun. someone who is always shy. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
kurntarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become ashamed; used to get shy. Category: Vocalising and
Thought, Mood and Character.
kurntarringu-lura phrase. he felt shame towards the man.
kurnti noun. hitting stick. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kurntili noun. 1 • auntie. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • father's sister. This father's sister is not avoided like a yumari. Category: People and Kinship.
kurntirrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to massage a sore muscle. Category: Healing Sickness and
Ailments, Impact.
kurnturru noun. a boil. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
kurnu descriptor. quiet. Category: Mood and Character, Sounds.
-kurnu noun suffix. 1 • family member. Pajarnu-ngku nyuntukurnu. It bit a member of your family (e.g.,
your father, child or dog). Category: People and Kinship.
2 • relative. Category: People and Kinship.
kurnumala verb, transitive (mala class). used to quieten someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kurnurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become quiet. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
kurranyi Variant: kurranyu. descriptor. 1 • ahead. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • first. Category: Manner and Posture.
kurranyirra verb, transitive (rra class). used to cause someone to go ahead. Category: Motion. Gram: With -nu
in PAST Headword.
kurranyu Variant: kurranyi. descriptor. 1 • ahead. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • first. Category: Number and Quantity.
3 • in front. Kurranyu yanu. He went first. Category: Direction and Location.
kurranyujanu verb, intransitive (unclassed). fell back from the lead. Category: Motion. Gram: With -nu in PAST
headword.
kurranyu-kurranyu descriptor. really ahead. Category: Direction and Location.
kurranyurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become ahead; used to take the lead. Category: Motion.
kurrarlka descriptor. long ago. Category: Time.
kurrin-kurrin descriptor. pitiless. Kurrin-kurrinju-n pungu. What a pity you hit that poor fellow. Category: Mood and Character.
kurrkalpa noun. branches (of trees). Category: Plants.
kurr-kurrpa noun. owl. Category: Birds.
kurrpanyji noun. magpie. Category: Birds.
kurrparu noun. magpie. Category: Birds.
kurrpila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to sprinkle with water. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to spray water on someone. Category: Holding and Transfer.
kurrpi-kurrpila verb, transitive (la class). used to sprinkle water with hand. Category: Holding and Transfer. Gram: With -rnu in PAST Headword.
kurrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to crush something. Category: Impact.
kurru noun. stick for scraping out seeds. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects,
Elements.
kurruwa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to enter. E.g. into a house. Kurrungku-rnanta? Shall I come inside the house? Category: Motion.
2 • used to dive in water. Category: Motion.
3 • used to set (of sun). Jirntu kurrungkunyjangka, wankarnu. When the sun went down, he healed the man. Category: Motion, Time.
4 • used to dress (put on clothes). Category: Impact.
5 • used to bathe. Category: Impact.
-kurru noun suffix. characterising suffix. yukurikurru a grassy place. purlikurru a rocky place. warlpukurru lengthy. Category: State. Gram: Marsh lists as M in headword and K in subentry for -lyukurru.
kurrujula verb, transitive (jula class). 1 • used to put something in. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to insert. Category: Holding and Transfer.
kurrulyu noun. species of eucalyptus tree. Eucalyptus terminalis. Category: Plants.
kurrurnjarra noun. something that is one's own; something one doesn't want to part with. Category: Body
Parts and Products, Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kurrurnpa noun. 1 • feelings. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
2 • spirit. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony. See: juni.
kurrurnpa kalyurringu descriptor. won't listen. He doesn't want to listen to the argument anymore. Category: Mood and Character.
kurrurnpa kuju descriptor. determined. Lit: one feeling. Category: Mood and Character.
kurrurnpa maju descriptor. sad feeling. Lit: big feeling. Category: Mood and Character.
kurrurnpa marr-marr descriptor. feeling lonely for one's relatives. Category: Mood and Character,
People and Kinship.
kurrurnpa palyjalypa descriptor. paralysed with fear. Lit: paralysed feeling. Category: Mood and
Character.
kurrurnpa parlanpa descriptor. dislike. Lit: disliking feeling. Category: Mood and Character.
kurrurnpa wiltu descriptor. 1 • brave; no worries. Lit: hard feeling. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • confident. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • unafraid. Category: Mood and Character.
kurrurnpa wirrilyi descriptor. wild; raging. Lit: angry feeling. Category: Mood and Character.
kurrurnpa yalta descriptor. peaceful. Lit: cold feeling. Category: Mood and Character.
kurta noun. older brother. Category: People and Kinship.
Kurtakurta noun. name of water place. Category: Names and Place Names.
kurtalya noun. star. Category: Elements.
kurtalyapurungka descriptor. beneath the stars; in the starlight. Category: Manner and Posture.
kurtangkala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to cause to be ashamed. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Mood and Character.
kurtanpa noun. bag. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kurtapartanu noun. his/her own older brother. Category: People and Kinship.
kurtararra noun. kin term for a person and his/her older brother. Category: People and Kinship.
kurtiwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to send. Kurtingu-rni mirli-mirli. He sent me a letter. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to free. Category: Holding and Transfer.
3 • used to release. Category: Holding and Transfer.
4 • used to let something go. Category: Holding and Transfer.
kurti-kurtiyarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to roll downhill. Category: Motion.
kurtirl-kurtirlpa descriptor. black and white (of a dog). Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
kurturtu noun. heart. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kurtururru descriptor. middle. kurtururrungka in the midst. Category: Direction and Location.
kuru1 noun. eye. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kuru2 noun. drop of nectar. Category: Plants.
kuru jumarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to be surprised; amazed. Lit: eyes grew big. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
kuru majurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to be surprised; amazed. Lit: eyes grew big. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
kuru pakala verb, intransitive (la class). used to be surprised. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
kuru wajala verb, transitive (la class). used to accuse another face to face. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kurujumula verb, intransitive (rra/la class). used to cross a creek or road. Category: Motion.
kurujutu descriptor. blind. Lit: eyes shut. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
kurujuulypa descriptor. swollen eyes; "bung eye". Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
kurukujukartirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to wink. Lit: eye became one-sided. Category: Bodily
Functions.
kurumiji noun. pigeon. Category: Birds.
kurumijimiji noun. pigeon. Category: Birds.
kururri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to be born. Category: Bodily Functions.
kuta descriptor. short. Of a person. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
kuti-kutiyarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to roll (used of a drum rolling). Category: Motion. Gram:
With -nu in PAST headword.
kutu descriptor. 1 • middle. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • part way. Category: Direction and Location.
kutu verb, transitive (Ø class). 1 • used to cause to be in the middle. Category: Motion.
2 • surround(?) Category: Motion.
-kutu noun suffix. to; toward. Yanu-laju wintamarrakutu. We went to the mulga tree. Category: Direction
and Location.
kutungka descriptor. in the middle; half-way; in between. Category: Direction and Location.
kutunjanu kanarri verb, (Ø class). used to suddenly realise something important happening. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kuturri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to come to the centre of the mob. Category: Motion.
kutuwanajanu descriptor. from the middle. Category: Direction and Location.
kutuwartini Variant: kutuwatini. noun. midnight. Category: Time.
kutuwatini Variant: kutuwartini. noun. middle of the night; midnight. Category: Time.
kuu verb, intransitive (unclassed). go. From: English. Category: Motion.
kuulpa noun. school. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kuulu noun. gold. Category: Elements.
kuuluwanpa noun. gold thing. Category: Elements.
kuulypa noun. a stretch. From tiredness. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kuumula verb, transitive (la class). used to comb hair. Category: Impact.
kuunyjala Variant: kunyjala. verb, transitive (la class). used to suck something out. E.g. the nectar from a
honey ant. Category: Bodily Functions.
kuuri noun. species of plant. Like a tarrun. Category: Plants.
kuurljulkuurljulpa noun. throat. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kuurljulpa noun. throat. Category: Body Parts and Products.
kuurrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to crush something. E.g. to crush dried pura; it can then be mixed
with water and eaten cooked or uncooked. Category: Impact.
kuurti noun. spirit of any living thing. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
kuurtiparnirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to lose one's spirit. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
kuurtu Variant: kuutu. noun. coat. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kuutpa1 noun. coat. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kuutpa2 noun. goat. Category: Animals.
kuutu Variant: kuurtu. noun. coat. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
kuwarrara descriptor. later. Category: Time.
kuwarri noun. 1 • now. Category: Time.
2 • today. Category: Time.
kuwarrijanu descriptor. recent; new one. Category: Value.
kuwarri-kuwarri descriptor. recently. Category: Time.
kuwarrilyu descriptor. about now. Category: Time.
kuwarringulyu descriptor. right away. Category: Manner and Posture.
kuwayitpala noun. 1 • quiet person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • one who does not fight. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
kuwiyi noun. 1 • meat. Category: Body Parts and Products, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • edible animal. Category: Animals, Food Cooking and Fire.
kuya descriptor. bad. Category: Value.
kuyurnpa noun. young girl. Category: People and Kinship.
L - l
-la1 pronoun suffix. we all (including those spoken to). Yanu-la nyangu. We went and saw it. Mirta-la yanu.
We didn't go. Nyampa-la pungu maruntu. Recall how we killed that goanna? Category: Pronouns.
-la2 verb suffix. imperative tense. Majala! Wait! Jikila puujala! Drink it until it's all gone! Pakala! Get up!
-la3 verb suffix. used to. Past habituative tense. Wakala-laju. We used to spear it. Category: Time.
laampa Variant: laampu. noun. lamp. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal
Objects.
laampu Variant: laampa. noun. lamp. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal
Objects.
laja noun. seeds from grinding stone (the bits of seeds that fall off). Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
Lajarajpa noun. Lazarus. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
-laju pronoun suffix. we all (not including those spoken to). Yanu-laju karrukarti. We went to the creek.
Pungu-lajujananya. We hit them. Jila-laju nyangu. We saw a snake. Category: Pronouns.
Laka noun. ceremony relating to funeral. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
lakamapula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to lock up a person in goal. Category: Holding and Transfer.
lakarnkawa verb, transitive (wa class). used to peel off something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
lakarnpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to peel something off. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to tear something off. Category: Impact.
3 • used to open something. E.g. a gate. Category: Holding and Transfer.
lakarnyarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to be peeled off. Category: Holding and Transfer.
lalawa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to split up (into groups). Category: Impact, Number and Quantity.
2 • used to separate (into groups). Category: Impact, Number and Quantity.
lalalajula verb, intransitive (jula class). used to sound like swift water flowing. Category: Vocalising and
Thought, Sounds.
lalapa noun. 1 • fork. Category: Elements.
2 • branch. Category: Plants.
lalapuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to split up (into groups). Category: Impact, Number and Quantity.
2 • used to fork (as a road). Category: Stative Verbs.
lalayarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to be split up. E.g. a group. Lalayanu-pula. Those two were
separated. Category: Impact.
laltu descriptor. 1 • many. Category: Number and Quantity.
2 • plenty. Category: Number and Quantity.
laltujarra descriptor. having a great deal of something. Category: State, Number and Quantity.
laltukuyarra descriptor. great many. Category: Number and Quantity.
lalypa descriptor. 1 • too big. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • loose fitting. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
lalyurrangka verb, (Ø class). used to splash down into water quickly by jumping off some object. Category: Motion.
-lampa pronoun suffix. ours; for us all (including those spoken to). Wangkani-lampaya. They are asking for
us, i.e., they want us. Nyamu-lampa. He is our grandfather. Category: Pronouns.
-lampaju pronoun suffix. ours; for us all (not including those spoken to). Walykurringu-lampaju. Our
(clutch) broke. Wajarnu-lampajuya. They spoke to us. Category: Pronouns.
-lampajulura pronoun suffix. away from us all (not including you). Category: Pronouns.
-lampalura pronoun suffix. away from us (including you). Category: Pronouns.
langa noun. 1 • ground. Category: Elements.
2 • earth. Category: Elements.
langupala descriptor. long. From: English. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
lani noun. wound in thigh. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
-lanya pronoun suffix. us all; to us all (including those spoken to). Ka-lanya wajarnu kalyu juma ngarripayi.
And he told us that there was a lot of water there. Yanu-lanya. He came to us. Category: Pronouns.
-lanyaju pronoun suffix. us all; to us all (not including those spoken to). Nyakujaku-lanyaju. He might see us.
Yungu-lanyajun mirrka. You gave us food. Category: Pronouns.
lanyma noun. a tease. Mirta puwa lanymalu. Don't hit teasingly. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and
Character.
laparli noun. female kangaroo (with a joey in the pouch). Category: Animals.
-lara suffix. suffix indicating progress in growth. ngarrilara a child too small to sit up. nyinalara a child who
can sit alone. yankulara a child who is able to walk alone.
larrja noun. species of snake. Edible. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
larrku noun. 1 • valley. Category: Elements.
2 • a plain. Category: Elements.
3 • flat country between sandhills or mountains. Category: Elements.
latu-latu noun. bunches (of fruit). Category: Plants.
layikamu noun. one who loves or likes something. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
layikamurri verb, transitive (Ø+wa class). used to like or love someone or thing. Category: Vocalising and
Thought, Mood and Character.
layinpa noun. lion. From: English. Category: Animals.
layiti noun. light. Mainly electric light. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
layitningpa noun. lightning. Category: Elements.
-li pronoun suffix. we two (including the one spoken to). Yankura-li ngurrakarti. let's two go to camp. Kurlu-
lijananya yanku. We two will go to them later. Category: Pronouns.
liijipaka noun. lazy person. From: English: lazy bugger. From: English. Category: People and Kinship, Mood
and Character.
liipanpa descriptor. eleven. Category: Number and Quantity.
liiti noun. thing causing sickness. This is removed by the maparn so the patient can recover. It is often
discribed as a "coil of wire". Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
-liju pronoun suffix. we two (not including those spoken to). Nyinangu-liju karrungka. We two sat in the
creek. Pungu-lijungku ngaparrku. We two hit each other in return. Mirta-lijunta pungu. We two didn't hit you. Category: Pronouns.
likarra noun. 1 • bark of tree. Likarra tikirlarringu. The bark of the tree dried up. Category: Plants.
2 • skin of fruit. Category: Plants.
likarrala verb, transitive (la class). used to get bark from tree. Category: Holding and Transfer.
likarrapuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to strip bark off tree. Category: Holding and Transfer.
likiri descriptor. empty. E.g. a camp. Category: Number and Quantity.
Likirinji noun. La Grange. Category: Names and Place Names.
lilula verb, transitive (la class). used to move food with a stick (while it is cooking on the fire). Category: Impact,
Food Cooking and Fire.
lilulypa noun. stick for moving food on the fire. While it is cooking on the fire. Category: Artefacts
Constructions and Personal Objects.
lilyirrmala verb, transitive (mala class). used to vibrate. Category: Motion.
lilyirrwangka verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to make a vibrating noise. E.g., when someone hits a tin with a
stone. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
limi noun. a wound. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
-limpa pronoun suffix. for us two (including the one spoken to). Tii-limpa kujalku ngayukujarraku. He will
make tea for us two. Nyamu-limpa. He is our (two) grandfather. Category: Pronouns.
-limpaju pronoun suffix. ours; for us two (not including those spoken to). Manku-limpajun? Will you get it
for us two? Category: Pronouns.
-limpajulura pronoun suffix. away from us two (not including hearer). Category: Pronouns.
-limpalura pronoun suffix. away from us two (including hearer). Category: Pronouns.
limpi-limpi noun. flat stone. Category: Elements.
linmurru noun. hitting stick. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
-linya pronoun suffix. us two; to us two (including the one spoken to). Yungu-linya mirrka. He gave food to
us two. Pungu-linya. He hit us two. Yanku-linya. He will come to us two. Category: Pronouns.
-linyaju pronoun suffix. us two; to us two (not including the one's spoken to). Nyaangkamarra-linyajun
yungkarnu? Why did you hit us two? Category: Pronouns.
linyji noun. claypan. Category: Elements.
Lipayi noun. Levi. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
Lipayimili wangkapurluka noun. Levite. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
lipi descriptor. wide. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
lipuriji noun. leprosy. Biblical context. From: English. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing
Sickness and Ailments.
liwarrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to pour out something. E.g. tea leaves from a can. Category: Holding and Transfer.
-lkija verb suffix. wants to do something. Intentive verb suffix. Wakalkija. He is thinking about spearing it.
-lku verb suffix. will. Nyaarta-ya pakalku? When will they arrive? Kalyu-laju jikilku. We will drink water. Category: Time.
-lkura verb suffix. let's do something; ought to do something. Hortative verb suffix. Ngampurrkanyilkura-
pulanyaya. They should take care of those two.
-lkuraku verb suffix. for doing something; in order to do something. Purposive suffix. Yanu-rni
wakalkuraku. He came here to spear it.
-lmarranypa verb suffix. completive suffix. Wakalmarranypa. He has already speared it.
-lngara verb suffix. 1 • would have, but didn't.
2 • almost, but not quite. Wakalngara. He almost speared it (but didn't).
3 • ought to, but didn't.
-lpayi verb suffix. was doing something. Warrkilpayi-jananya. He growled them. Purtu ngalulpayi. He
couldn't hold on to it. Category: Time.
-lpi noun suffix. suffix indicating duration. Jurilpi! [That photograph shows him] while he was still
goodlooking. Wangkakurlulpi. [That event happened] when he still had his voice [lit.: speech-with]. Category: Time.
-lu1 pronoun suffix. 1 • him.
2 • her.
3 • it. Juturnu-lu. He covered it over. Category: Pronouns.
4 • at/with/to/off/on/in him. Nyakuni-lu. He is looking at him. Yanu-lu. He went to him. Mamala-
lu. Grab it off him. Jurra-lu. Put it on him.
5 • at/with/to/off/on/in her. Nyinani-lu wantingka. He is sitting with the woman.
6 • at/with/to/off/on/in it. Category: Pronouns.
-lu2 noun suffix. 1 • ergative case suffix. Nganalu-jananya pungu. Who hit them? Jarntulu maru-marulu
pajarnu murtilya. The black dog bit the boy. Wululu puwa! Keep on hitting him!
2 • instrument. Maralu-rna pungu. I hit him with my hand. Wartawintilu-rni pungu. He hit me with a stick. Gram: This suffix is used after a word ending in a vowel. Gram: used by some speakers after any
word ending in a consonant; others use it after a word ending in ly, ny or rr Gram: used by some speakers after a word ending in rl or rn Gram: used by some speakers after a word ending in l or n
luka noun. muddy water. Category: Elements.
luka-luka noun. small puddle of muddy water. Just a bit left. Category: Elements.
lukarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become muddy water. Category: Stative Verbs.
luku noun. 1 • ankle. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • heel. Category: Body Parts and Products.
lukuti noun. grub. Category: Insects.
luma noun. species of lizard. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
lungkarta Variant: lungkurta. noun. bluetongue lizard. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
-lungkura pronoun suffix. away from you (singular). Category: Pronouns.
lungkurta Variant: lungkarta. noun. bluetongue lizard. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
lungu noun. clot of blood. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
lunki noun. edible grub. Appears to be a generic term. Category: Insects.
lunngu noun. hot coals. kuka lunngujanu meat from the coals (refers to bush meats cooked in the traditional
way). Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
lupu1 descriptor. 1 • bent. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • twisted. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
3 • warped. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
lupu2 noun. yandy dish. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
lupurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become twisted. Category: Stative Verbs.
lupurr-lupurrpa noun. dried pus. In eyes or on sores. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing
Sickness and Ailments.
-lura pronoun suffix. away from someone/something. Kayila-lijujanampalura yanu ngurrakujupakarti. Then we (two) went away from them to another place. Category: Pronouns.
lurrju descriptor. together (two or a few). Lurrju-pula yarra malpungkamarra! You two go together in case
you meet up with a devil! Category: Number and Quantity.
-lurrju noun suffix. also; too. Jijiparakulurrju. The children also did it. Category: Manner and Posture.
lurrpala verb, transitive (la class). used to spoil something. E.g. a shot, someone's work. Category: Impact.
luujarriwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to be lost. Category: Stative Verbs.
luujwanpa descriptor. loose; not tight. Category: State.
Luukpa noun. Luke. Category: Names and Place Names.
luurnpa noun. kingfisher. Alcyone sp.. Category: Birds.
luutu noun. a load. Especially on a vehicle. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
luutumula verb, transitive (la class). used to load a truck or vehicle. From: English. Category: Holding and
Transfer.
luwu noun. 1 • law. From: English. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • customs. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
luwu wanala verb, (la class). used to live in accordance to the law. Aboriginal ceremonial law. Category: Stative Verbs.
-lwara verb suffix. was doing something. Jikilwara kalyu. He was drinking water. Category: Time.
-lyjaku verb suffix. 1 • possibility.
2 • might do something. Pajalyjaku-nta. He might bite you. Punkalyjaku. He might fall.
Warrkilyjaku-rni. He might growl me.
-lyjirri noun suffix. 1 • numeraliser. Category: Number and Quantity.
2 • how many? Nyaalyjirri? How many? Category: Number and Quantity, Interrogatives.
-lyu noun suffix. 1 • terminative suffix. Palulyu. That's all/that's the lot.
2 • really.
-lyukurru noun suffix. suffix indicating a kind of place. yapulyukurru a rocky place (yapu rock). Category: State. Gram: Marsh lists as M in headword and K in subentry for -kurru.
M - m
marra verb, transitive (rra class). 1 • used to get something. Yanu manu jurntarnu. He went and collected it. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to take something. Ngulyu-ju manu. He stole mine. Category: Holding and Transfer.
3 • used to choose something. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
4 • used to marry. Karimarralu manku Panaka wanti. A Karimarra man will marry a Panaka woman. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
-mala dsuff-mala. 1 • to make. kunyjunyumanu he made him well (i.e., he healed him) (kunyjunyu good).
2 • to do. Causative verbalising suffix. Putamanu. He did a bad thing. (puta bad). Gram: Takes same
suffixes as kartima~.
-ma1 verb suffix. keep on doing something. Imperative continuous tense. Wangkama! Keep on talking!
Ngarrima! Keep on lying down! Category: Time.
-ma2 verb suffix. used to be doing something. Past habituative continuous tense. Mirta-laju martu wangka
wangkama. We were not talking Martu Wangka (in school). Category: Time.
maa- prefix. away from the speaker. Maa-yarra! Go away! Maa-jurra! Put it away! Category: Direction and
Location, Motion.
maaja noun. 1 • boss. Possibly from English master. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • leader. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • instructor. Category: People and Kinship.
Maajurru noun. Mathew. Category: Names and Place Names.
maa-kati verb, transitive (Ø class). used to take it away. Category: Holding and Transfer. Gram: With -ngu in
PAST subentry.
maapu noun. mob. From: English. Category: Number and Quantity, People and Kinship.
maarra descriptor. 1 • somewhere. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • unknown. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • ignorant of something. Category: Mood and Character.
maarranyu particle. 1 • maybe. Category: Particles.
2 • might be. Category: Particles.
maa-takala verb, intransitive (la class). used to climb away from where the speaker is. Category: Motion.
Maa-yiki! phrase. Stop!
Maa! phrase. Get away! E.g. command to a dog to go away.
majala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to wait. Purtu-laju majurnu majurnu majurnu. In vain we waited
and waited. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to wait for something. Majarninpa-ra kujupaku martuku. He is waiting for the other man. Category: Stative Verbs. Gram: With dative case.
majapurti noun. edible fungus. When fresh, majapurti may be eaten like a mushroom. Category: Plants.
maju descriptor. big. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
majula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to make a large amount. Category: Impact, Number and Quantity.
2 • used to multiply. Category: Impact, Number and Quantity.
majujara noun. the biggest one. Comparing two or more things. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
majumarra verb, transitive (rra class). 1 • used to grow a baby up. Category: Impact.
2 • used to make large. Category: Impact.
3 • used to make big. Category: Impact. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
majunyjarri noun. 1 • big boy. Post primary age - not yet initiated. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • biggest one (of two lots). Category: Size Shape and Weight.
majurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get big. Category: Stative Verbs, Size Shape and Weight.
majuwarta noun. big one. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
majuwartala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to make large. Category: Impact, Size Shape and Weight.
2 • used to increase the size of some material. Category: Impact, Size Shape and Weight.
makurnta Variant: makurta. noun. 1 • brother-in-law. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • cousin. Category: People and Kinship.
makurta Variant: makurnta. noun. 1 • brother-in-law. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • cousin. Category: People and Kinship.
mala noun. Rufous Hare-wallaby. Lagorchestes hirsutus. Category: Animals.
Maliki noun. name of Law ceremony. For training young men in further areas of the law. Category: Dreaming
and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
malka-malka noun. rabbit. Oryctolagus cuniculus. Category: Animals.
malkapiri noun. 1 • bark sandles. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • green birdflower bush. The bark is stripped from the plant and used for plaiting sandles. Crotalaria cunninghamii. Category: Plants.
-malpa verb suffix. will be doing something. Future continuative tense. Nyinamalpa-ya. They will be sitting. Category: Time.
malpu noun. devil. Appears to be generic. Yarra-ya malpungkamarra. You all go away because of the
devils that are here. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
-malu noun suffix. 1 • mob. Nganamalu-ya pakarnu? Whose mob arrived? Kayilimalu-ya pakarnu. The
Northern Mob arrived. Category: Number and Quantity.
2 • group. Category: Number and Quantity, People and Kinship.
malurrpa noun. 1 • bowed head. Showing respect, as a marlurlu does. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • nodding. Category: Motion.
malya1 noun. 1 • star. Malya punkarnu. A star fell. Category: Elements.
2 • meteor. Category: Elements.
malya2 descriptor. greedy. Category: Mood and Character.
malypa noun. rattlepod grevillea. This is the Rattlepod Grevillea. The bark is used for ashes to mix with
tobacco. The dry seeds are edible and are said to taste like a peanut. Grevillea stenobotrya. Category: Plants.
malyurta noun. middle child or children (in a family). Often used as a name. Category: People and Kinship.
mama noun. father. Also includes the brothers of a person's father. Category: People and Kinship.
mamala verb, transitive (la class). used to grab something off someone. Mamala-lu! Grab it off him! Category: Holding and Transfer.
mamamili ngurlunintipurluka noun. prophet. Biblical context. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
mamapartanu noun. person's real father. Category: People and Kinship.
mamapirrayi noun. respectful reference to a person's father. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
mamarti noun. respectful way of addressing your father. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
mamartura noun. big toe. Category: Body Parts and Products.
mami noun. mother. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
mamipartanu noun. person's real mother. Category: People and Kinship.
mamipunaja descriptor. motherless. Category: State.
mamu noun. devil. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
mamurlpa yarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to twist (of a spear as it flies through the air). Category: Motion. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
manarr descriptor. tired. Can be applied to the tiredness of an expectant mother. Manarrju junu yanu. He
left it because he was too tired. Category: State.
manarrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become tired. Category: Bodily Functions.
Mangala noun. language name. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Names and Place Names.
manganpa noun. bucking (on a horse). Category: Motion.
manganya noun. echidna or anteater. Category: Animals.
mangarri noun. food. Including berries and fruit. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
mangarrpa noun. 1 • bark sandles. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • green birdflower bush. The bark is stripped from the plant and used for plaiting sandles. Crotalaria cunninghamii. Category: Plants.
mangka noun. head hair. Category: Body Parts and Products.
mangkaja noun. shelter. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects, Elements.
mangkalyi noun. initiator of a young man. There is respectful avoidance between this man and the initiate
and their families. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
mangu noun. sorcerer. This person is also called a "featherfoot". Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming
and Ceremony.
manguji noun. 1 • thorn. Category: Plants.
2 • prickle. Category: Plants.
3 • spine of echidna. Category: Body Parts and Products, Animals.
Mangunypa noun. Dreaming. The creative force of the Dreamtime. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
mani noun. money. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
Manjiljarra Variant: Manyjiljarra; Manyjilyjarra. noun. language name. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony,
Vocalising and Thought, Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
mannga descriptor. 1 • still. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • yet. Category: Manner and Posture.
3 • even though. Category: Manner and Posture.
mannganyju descriptor. 1 • persistent. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • stubborn. Category: Mood and Character.
manngarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become determined. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Mood and Character.
-manta noun suffix. from where? Suffix indicating origin. Nganamanta? Where is that man from? Category: Direction and Location.
mantalyngara verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to be stuck on. Category: Stative Verbs.
mantarrirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to laugh. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
Mantuwinti noun. Mundiwindi. From mantu meat [Nyiyaparli word]. Category: Names and Place Names.
manyalyjula verb, transitive (jula class). used to put wax on something. Manyalyjula-lu! Put resin on it (in
order to waterproof it)! Category: Impact.
manyalypa noun. 1 • resin. From spinifex plant. Category: Plants.
2 • wax. From spinifex plant. Category: Plants.
manyarrpa descriptor. 1 • illogical. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • for no reason. Manyarrju pungu. For no apparent reason, he hit the man. Category: Mood and
Character.
manyjarra descriptor. away from one's family. Nyinani manyjarra. He is a long way from his folks. Category: Direction and Location, People and Kinship.
Manyjiljarra Variant: Manyjilyjarra; Manjiljarra. noun. language name. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony,
Vocalising and Thought, Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
Manyjilyjarra Variant: Manyjiljarra; Manjiljarra. noun. language name. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony,
Vocalising and Thought, Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
manyjirrpa noun. food (vegetable or seed). Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
manyjurrpa noun. 1 • termite. Category: Insects.
2 • white ant. Category: Insects.
manypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to shoo something away. E.g. dog, flies. Category: Vocalising and
Thought.
manyu-manyu descriptor. 1 • starving. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, State.
2 • extreme hunger. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, State.
manyuru noun. ants. Category: Insects.
mapa verb, transitive (Ø class). 1 • used to copy an action. Category: Motion.
2 • used to imitate someone. Category: Motion.
maparnjanu descriptor. with the doctor's help. Lit: from the doctor. Category: Manner and Posture, Healing
Sickness and Ailments.
maparnjula verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to heal. Category: Impact, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
2 • used to make well. Particularly of a traditional doctor's activity. Category: Impact, Healing
Sickness and Ailments.
maparnmala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to make well. Category: Impact, Healing Sickness and
Ailments.
maparnpa noun. 1 • traditional doctor. Maparnju wankarnu. The doctor cured the man. Category: People
and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
2 • object with power (for healing or sorcery). Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Artefacts
Constructions and Personal Objects, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
maparnwinti descriptor. possessing a maparn. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
Mapulpa noun. Marble bar. Category: Names and Place Names.
mara noun. 1 • hand (including fingers). Maralu pungu. He hit the man with his hand (i.e., not with a
weapon). Mara-rnajanampa wangkangu. I used hand-signs to talk to them. Mara-rnaju kurntarnu. I cut my hand. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • arm. Category: Body Parts and Products.
marala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to flow. As a creek. Category: Motion.
2 • used to crawl. Category: Motion.
mara tirnu Variant: maratiinu. noun. fist. Category: Body Parts and Products.
mara wangka verb, (Ø class). used to indicate an action to another with a hand signal. Category: Vocalising
and Thought.
maralpa noun. one who has no food or clothing. Category: People and Kinship.
maramulyji noun. fist. Category: Body Parts and Products.
marangka kanyila verb, transitive (la class). used to look after someone. Category: Impact.
maranypa particle. 1 • no. Category: Particles.
2 • nothing. Category: Particles.
marapaku noun. spearthrower. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
maratiinu Variant: mara tirnu. noun. fist. Category: Body Parts and Products.
maratuti noun. hand with a finger missing. Category: Body Parts and Products.
mariji noun. brother-in-law. Category: People and Kinship.
marijirra noun. two kinship groups. Category: People and Kinship, Names and Place Names, Dreaming
and Ceremony.
marirra noun. kinship groups that can intermarry. I.e., Purungu and Milangka; Karimarra and Panaka. Category: People and Kinship.
marla descriptor. 1 • behind. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • back (direction). Category: Direction and Location.
3 • after. Marlalu pungu. He hit him afterwards. Category: Direction and Location.
marlajanu noun. descendant. Category: People and Kinship.
marlaju noun. younger brother or sister. marlaju-ju he is my younger brother. Category: People and
Kinship.
marlajunu verb, transitive (unclassed). put it back. Category: Holding and Transfer. Gram: With -nu in PAST
headword.
marlakarti descriptor. behind; afterwards; later. Category: Time.
marlaku descriptor. 1 • return. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • back (direction). Category: Direction and Location.
marlakula verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to turn back. Category: Motion.
2 • used to turn a vehicle around to go back the same way. Category: Motion.
Marlaku walykukarti yanu. phrase. He went back to doing wrong things.
marlakurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to return. Category: Motion.
2 • used to come back. Category: Motion.
marlangka yarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to follow behind. Category: Motion. Gram: With -nu in
PAST headword.
marlangu noun. younger brother or sister. Category: People and Kinship.
marlanypa noun. younger sibling. Category: People and Kinship.
marlapuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to arrive following another. Category: Motion.
2 • used to arrive after some incident. Category: Motion.
marlarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get behind. Category: Motion.
marlarrpa noun. 1 • end of something. E.g. a swag or a camp. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • foot of something. E.g. a swag or a camp. Category: Direction and Location.
marlayarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to go back. Category: Motion. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
marlirrpa descriptor. stubborn. Someone who won't take notice of what he/she is told. Category: Mood and
Character.
marlkarri 1 • descriptor. dead. Category: State.
2 • noun. dead person. Category: People and Kinship.
marlkarrirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to die. Category: Stative Verbs.
marlpa noun. 1 • companion. Can be human or a weapon. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • mates. Marlpayirra-pula yanu. Those two mates went together. Category: People and Kinship.
marlu noun. plains kangaroo. Macropus rufus. Category: Animals.
marlukururrpa noun. Sturts Desert Pea. Clianthus formosus. Category: Plants.
marlurlu noun. initiate. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
marlurlu-marlurlu noun. processional caterpillars. Category: Insects.
marna noun. 1 • bottom. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • buttocks. Category: Body Parts and Products.
marnin-marninpa noun. 1 • praising person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • boasting person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
marninpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to praise oneself. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to brag about oneself. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
marnkal noun. 1 • species of seed. Ground into flour for bread. Category: Plants, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • species of spinifex. Troidia sp.. Category: Plants.
marnkarrpa noun. bandicoot. Category: Animals.
marnkurrpa descriptor. 1 • few. Sometimes used for three. Category: Number and Quantity.
2 • some. Category: Number and Quantity.
marnma noun. small dish (for scooping). Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
marnmala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to scoop. As sand or water from a soak. Category: Holding and
Transfer.
2 • used to fetch water. Category: Holding and Transfer.
marntamarangka noun. police. Category: People and Kinship.
marntarru noun. species of acacia tree. This was called the "miji tree". Acacia rhodophloia. Category: Plants.
marntila noun. black gidgee. It is a wattle with edible yellow sap. Acacia pruinocarpa. Category: Plants.
Marntiyarra noun. group made up of Karimarra and Panaka people. Category: People and Kinship, Names
and Place Names, Dreaming and Ceremony.
-marntu suffix. suffix indicating instantaneous action. ngaamarntu suddenly. Category: Time.
marnturrmala verb, intransitive (mala class). used to kick up dust. Category: Impact.
marraka noun. nestling bird. Category: Birds.
-marranypa suffix. completive suffix. Wangkamarranypa. He already talked. Category: Time. Gram:
Nominalises verbs.
marriti descriptor. married. From: English. Marriti-pula nyinani. Those two are married. Category: State.
-marriti noun suffix. suffix indicating turns or sequence. kujumarriti one at a time. kujarramarriti two by
two. Category: Time.
marrjula verb, intransitive (jula class). 1 • used to get a shock. Sense of something unexpected. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
2 • used to get a fright. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
marrka-marrka noun. 1 • mirage. Category: Elements.
2 • heat haze. Category: Elements.
marrku descriptor. thirsty. Marrkulu kalyu jikirnu. He drank the water because he was very thirsty. Category: State, Food Cooking and Fire.
marrkula verb, transitive (la class). used to stop someone or something. Category: Impact.
marrku-marrkula verb, transitive (la class). used to steady someone down during a fight. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
marruku noun. 1 • mother-in-law. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • son-in-law. Category: People and Kinship.
-marta suffix. characterising suffix. Wiltumarta! Louder! Wankamartarringu-rna. I got well.
Jikilkuramarta! Drink it (don't refuse)! Kanamarta-n? Are you awake? Category: Manner and
Posture.
-martaji noun suffix. 1 • resident.
2 • native of a particular place. Suffix indicating inhabitant. Ngaamartaji-rna. I am from this place.
Jikulyungumartaji a resident of Jigalong.
marta-marta noun. person of Aboriginal and European descent. Category: People and Kinship.
marti noun. axe. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
martu noun. 1 • Aborigine. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • person. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • people. Yarnnga-ya martu yanu karruwana. All the people went along the creek. Nyangu-
lajujananya martukaja. We saw the people. Category: People and Kinship.
4 • man. Category: People and Kinship.
Martu Wangka noun. general term used to refer to the language spoken at Jigalong. Lit: Aboriginal
language. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
Martujanu noun. in the language spoken by the Martu. Lit: from the Martu Aborigines. Category: Vocalising
and Thought.
martu-martu noun. 1 • devil. A giant from the Dreamtime period. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • cannibal. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
martungu noun. 1 • spouse. Use of term determined by kinship section of person speaking and the one being
spoken to. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • husband. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • wife. Category: People and Kinship.
marturri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become a man. I.e. he was initiated. Category: Stative Verbs.
maru descriptor. dark-coloured. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
marululpi descriptor. precious. Can refer to a person or a thing. Category: Value.
marumala verb, transitive (la class). used to make black. Category: Impact, Colour Pattern and Texture.
maru-maru descriptor. 1 • black. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
2 • dark-coloured. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
marumpu noun. 1 • arm. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • hand. Category: Body Parts and Products.
maruntu noun. goanna. Varanus panoptes. Category: Reptiles and Snakes. See: yalapara.
marurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become dark-coloured. Category: Stative Verbs, Colour
Pattern and Texture.
mata noun. bush potato. Ipomoea sp.. Category: Plants.
mawu descriptor. away from. Direction away from the speaker which applies to the following verb. Category: Direction and Location.
mawu- prefix. away. Prefixed with directional verb stems. Mawu-yarra! Go away! Category: Direction and
Location.
mawurra particle. 1 • maybe. Category: Particles.
2 • might be. Category: Particles.
maya noun. house. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
mayajarri noun. a visit. Category: Motion.
mayi noun. food. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
mayinajpa noun. miners. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
mayinpa noun. a mine. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
mayinyju Variant: mayunyju. noun. 1 • liar. Mayinyju-n nyuntu. You are a liar. Category: People and
Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • a lie. Mayinyju wangkin. He is telling a lie. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
mayiparni descriptor. without food. Category: State, Food Cooking and Fire.
mayipunaja descriptor. without food. Category: State, Food Cooking and Fire.
mayiti particle. might be. From: English. Category: Particles.
mayitpi particle. 1 • might. Category: Particles.
2 • maybe. Category: Particles.
mayula verb, intransitive (la class). used to tell lies. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
mayujula verb, (la class). used to tell lies. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
mayunyju Variant: mayinyju. noun. 1 • deceiver. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • liar. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
miijaramula verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to measure something with some calculating device. Category: Impact, Size Shape and Weight.
2 • used to measure with a tape or ruler. Category: Impact, Size Shape and Weight.
miijinpa noun. mission. Usually refers to Jigalong at the time it was a mission. Category: Artefacts
Constructions and Personal Objects.
miikamula verb, transitive (la class). used to make something. Category: Impact.
miilpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to shave off rough edges. As on a spear. Category: Impact, Colour
Pattern and Texture.
miintamula verb, transitive (la class). used to mend something. From: English. Category: Impact.
miinwanpa noun. most important. Used of people or subjects. Category: Value.
Miiri noun. Mary. Category: Names and Place Names.
miirnti noun. charcoal. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
miitingpa noun. meeting. From: English. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
miitingu noun. meeting. From: English. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
mijarrpa noun. bloodwood tree. This tree grows in the flat country. It has galls with edible grubs. Eucalyptus
terminalis. Category: Plants.
miji noun. blood. Category: Body Parts and Products.
mijiji noun. white woman. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
mijikirti noun. food like mushroom. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, Plants.
miji-miji descriptor. red. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
miji-mijirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become red. Category: Stative Verbs, Colour Pattern and
Texture.
mijinpa noun. mission. Usually refers to Jigalong. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and
Personal Objects.
Mika noun. name of spring. Category: Names and Place Names.
miku descriptor. jealous. Mikulu pungu. Because of jealousy he hit the man. Category: Mood and Character.
mikujaka noun. 1 • jealous person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • one who jealously guards his things. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
mikupayi phrase. he's always jealous.
mikurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become jealous. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
Milangka noun. kinship section name. Milangkalu manku Purungu wanti. A Milangka man will marry a
Purungu woman. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
-mili noun suffix. belonging to someone or something. Pakarnu-laju palumilingka jirlpimilingka
ngurrangka. We arrived at the old mans camp. Yarra-ra marra nyuntumiliku papartuku. Go get it
for your brother.
mili-mili noun. 1 • paper. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • book. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects. Gram: Marsh's original was 'mirli-
mirli' but Joshua Booth felt it would be better spelt as 'mili-mili'.
mili-milikarra descriptor. working with papers or books. I.e. desk work. Category: Manner and Posture. Gram: Marsh's original was 'mirli-mirlikarra' but Joshua Booth felt it would be better spelt as 'mili-milikarra'.
milirrjula verb, transitive (jula class). 1 • used to put wax on something. For waterproofing or repair. Category: Impact.
2 • used to put resin on something. For waterproofing or repair. Category: Impact.
milkarrpa noun. bitch or female dog. Category: Animals.
milki noun. milk. From: English. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
milpinypa noun. fingernail. Milpinyju-rni jawarnu. He scratched me with his fingernail. Category: Body
Parts and Products.
milya descriptor. wet. Category: State.
milyangkulypa noun. greeting ceremony. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
milyarnpa noun. tears. Category: Body Parts and Products.
milyulyu noun. mistletoe. A parasitic plant with edible berries. Category: Plants.
minala verb, transitive (la class). used to dip grass sop into nectar (for sucking out). Category: Holding and
Transfer, Food Cooking and Fire.
minga noun. ant. Means white ants as well. Category: Insects.
mingari noun. mountain devil. Moloch horridus. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
mingarrju noun. strong dislike. Category: Mood and Character.
mingarrjurra verb, transitive (rra class). used to reject someone or something. Category: Vocalising and
Thought, Mood and Character. See: nyurnimala; tirtila. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
mingarr-mingarrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to dislike something/someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
mingarr-mingarrpa descriptor. 1 • dislike. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • disgust. Category: Mood and Character.
mingarrpa descriptor. 1 • dislike. Parlanpa-rnara jiiku. I don't like that one. Parlanju junu. He left it in
disgust. manner. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • disagreeable toward someone/something. Category: Mood and Character.
mingkurlpa noun. traditional chewing tobacco. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
minguwa noun. anteater or echidna. Category: Animals.
mininyjula verb, transitive (la class). used to fight someone. Category: Impact.
minirrngara verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to shake with fear. Category: Bodily Functions.
minmirrmala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to tremble. Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • teeth chattering. Category: Bodily Functions.
minyarra noun. wild onion. Cyperus bulbosus. Category: Plants.
minyawu noun. pussy-cat. Category: Animals.
minyi 1 • noun. strong smell. Category: Elements.
2 • descriptor. stinking. Category: State.
minyi-minyi noun. corpse. Category: Body Parts and Products.
minyingalku noun. pig. Category: Animals.
Minyipurru noun. women from Dreaming. Part of the Tingarri cycle; the "Seven Sisters". Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
minyirrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become serious. E.g. what started out as a joke became a
serious fight. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
-minyirri suffix. suffix indicating intensity. Martunga jiinga kalypartuminyirri. This man is really hungry.
ngamuminyirri very close to something/someone.
minyirrju descriptor. 1 • very deliberate. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • one who acts deliberately. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
3 • forcefully without mercy. Category: Manner and Posture.
minyirr-minyirrpa descriptor. very serious. Category: Mood and Character.
minyirrpa descriptor. 1 • serious. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • solemn. Minyirrju junu. He put it down solemnly. Category: Mood and Character.
minyirrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to teach someone. Particularly a "cheeky" person. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
minyjilarri Variant: minyjilyarri. verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become bereft of family. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to become alone. Kampurta minyjilarringu. The bereaved person is nobody's now (i.e., she
is alone). Category: Stative Verbs.
minyjiljula verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to speak disparagingly about another. Category: Vocalising
and Thought.
2 • used to rubbish a person. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
minyjilpa noun. 1 • orphan. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • unrelated situation. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
minyjilyarri Variant: minyjilarri. verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to become rubbish. Category: Stative
Verbs.
2 • used to be unrelated. Category: Stative Verbs.
minyjilymala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to rubbish; used to criticise. Category: Vocalising and
Thought.
minyjilymala verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to rubbish another. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to cause something to be rubbish. Category: Impact.
minyjilypa jurra verb, transitive (rra class). 1 • used to criticise. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to gossip. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
minyjilypa warni verb, transitive (Ø class). 1 • used to speak disparagingly of another. Category: Vocalising
and Thought.
2 • used to disown another. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
minyji-minyji descriptor. itchy. Category: State.
minyju noun. pistol. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
miny-miny descriptor. red. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
miparrpa noun. face. Category: Body Parts and Products.
mipi noun. leaf. Category: Plants.
mirajula verb, transitive (jula class). 1 • used to signal someone. E.g. with a smoke signal. Category: Vocalising
and Thought.
2 • used to show something. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
miralarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become visible. Category: Stative Verbs.
miralmala verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to expose. Category: Impact.
2 • used to make known. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
3 • used to uncover. Category: Impact.
miralpa descriptor. visible. Includes the idea of having freedom to view someone/something. Category: State.
mira-mira noun. 1 • waiting. Category: State.
2 • expectation. Category: State, Mood and Character.
mirangara verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to wait for someone. Mirangarinpa-ra. He is waiting for the man. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram: Used with referential pronominal suffixes.
mirangarra descriptor. 1 • clearly visible. Category: State.
2 • plainly seen. Category: State.
mirangka noun. witness in the sight of another. Category: People and Kinship.
mirla noun. flesh. Category: Body Parts and Products.
mirliki noun. liver. Category: Body Parts and Products.
mirlka noun. groin. Category: Body Parts and Products.
mirna noun. 1 • arm. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • hand. Category: Body Parts and Products.
mirnalarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to branch out. Category: Motion.
mirnijurra verb, (rra class). used to lie; used to deceive. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram: With -nu in
PAST headword.
mirra verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to call out. Mirrani-ngku. He is calling out for you. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
2 • used to sing out. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
3 • used to call for someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds. Gram: Used with referential
pronominal suffixes.
mirrilyi noun. rope. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
mirri-mirri descriptor. itchy. Category: State.
mirrjula verb, transitive (la class). used to cause a gathering together. Category: Holding and Transfer, Motion.
mirrjurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to gather together. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to meet. Category: Motion.
mirrka noun. vegetable food. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
mirrka kampa~ phrase. the berries become ripe. Gram: This is a modern language idiom.
mirrkajarra noun. woman. Lit: one who possesses food. Category: People and Kinship.
mirrkamala verb, transitive (la class). used to make food. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
mirta particle. not. Mirta-n puwa. Don't hit him! mirta juli big. mirta yumu for a good reason. Category: Particles.
mirta-mirta descriptor. white. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
mirtayirti noun. ceremonial meat or food gift offering. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Food Cooking
and Fire.
mirti noun. friend. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
Mirtikanya noun. Watchpoint Hill. To the north of Jigalong. Category: Names and Place Names.
mirtilya noun. hunting dog. Category: Animals.
mitijinpa noun. medicine. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments.
mitirlarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become calm. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
mitirlpa descriptor. 1 • calm. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • quiet. Category: Mood and Character.
mitu descriptor. dead. Can be used of a person who is alive but close to death. Category: State.
mitu puwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to kill. The use of pungu without mitu can mean fight. Category: Impact.
2 • used to hit. Category: Impact.
mitujurra verb, transitive (rra class). 1 • used to say another should die. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to condemn to death. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
mitunyjanirri Variant: mitunyjarri. noun. dead ancestors. Usually within the memory of the living. Category: People and Kinship.
mitunyjarri Variant: mitunyjanirri. noun. dead ancestors. Category: People and Kinship.
mituny-mitunypa noun. lifeless person. A person who just drags along as if almost dead. Category: People
and Kinship, Mood and Character.
miturntala verb, transitive (la class). used to kill someone or something. Category: Impact.
miturri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become dead. I.e. to die. Category: Bodily Functions.
-mpa suffix. 1 • suffix indicating doubt.
2 • suffix indicating focus.
3 • benefactive focus suffix.
5 • might be. Jiingampa wirrilyipayiminyirri. This man might get wild quickly--you'd better not tease
him! Ngurrpampa-rna! I don't think I know anything about that! ngulampa maybe later. Kurlumpa!
Wait a bit! Yirnampa-rna ngayunga! I most certainly am an initiated man!
-mula dsuff-la. to do something. Verbalising suffix. Jampa kujulu miijamula mirrka, jiinga-ya puwa
marawana. When someone would miss a meal, they would hit that one on the hands. [miija miss].
Riitamula Martu Wangka. You read Martu Wangka! [riita read]. luujamunu lost [luuja lose].
waajamula washed [waaja wash]. Category: Impact. Gram: Usually a transitive action. Gram: This suffix
is used with nominals taken from English to form verbs. This suffix takes the same tense suffixes as -ma~.
mujarri descriptor. cowardly. A person who runs away for no apparent reason. Mujarri yanu. He ran away
for no reason. Category: Mood and Character.
mujurnpa descriptor. short. Of a person. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
muku-muku descriptor. 1 • satisfied. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • proud of one's accomplishment. Category: Mood and Character.
muku-mukurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become satisfied. Category: Stative Verbs.
mukuntu descriptor. 1 • lame. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
2 • crippled. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
3 • limping. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
mularrpa descriptor. true. Category: Value.
mulula verb, transitive (la class). used to shave. Category: Impact.
mulumaru noun. species of lizard. Egernia sp.. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
mulya noun. 1 • nose. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • edge. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
3 • end. Category: Direction and Location.
mulya yikini descriptor. at the edge. Category: Direction and Location, Size Shape and Weight.
mulyajanu descriptor. from one end. Category: Manner and Posture.
mulyajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to put ends of wood into fire. Waru mulyajunu. He put the
firewood into the main fire. Category: Holding and Transfer, Food Cooking and Fire.
mulyajutu noun. boy whose nasal septum has not been pierced. Lit: nose closed. Category: People and
Kinship.
mulyakarti descriptor. at one end. Category: Direction and Location, Size Shape and Weight.
mulyamulpa noun. young girl. Category: People and Kinship.
mulyamunmulpa noun. young girl. Category: People and Kinship.
mulyangamu noun. pussy-cat. Category: Animals.
mulyaparu noun. the end of a stalk of wama. Like a nipple. Category: Elements, Plants.
mulyarrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to sulk. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
mulyarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to settle down; used to calm down. Category: Stative Verbs.
mulyjarra descriptor. swollen. Category: State.
mulyjarrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become swollen. Category: Stative Verbs.
mulyji descriptor. curled up. Category: Manner and Posture, Size Shape and Weight.
mulyjila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to fold up. Category: Impact.
2 • used to roll up swag. Category: Impact.
3 • used to squeeze orange. Category: Impact.
mulyju descriptor. deep. E.g. a hole. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
mulypa descriptor. 1 • calm. Category: State.
2 • settled. Mulypa nyina! Settle down! Category: State.
munarta noun. ear. Category: Body Parts and Products.
munga noun. 1 • night. Category: Elements, Time.
2 • darkness. Category: Elements.
mungajarra noun. 1 • nighttime. Category: Time.
2 • dark. Category: Time.
mungajarrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become night.
2 • used to become dark. Category: Stative Verbs, Time.
Mungajarrarringu-rni phrase. I was there when it became night. Lit: it became night to me.
mungalypa noun. 1 • early morning. Category: Time.
2 • tomorrow. Category: Time.
mungangka descriptor. at night. Category: Time.
mungapuru descriptor. black. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
mungarri+Ø verb, (Ø class). 1 • used to darken. Category: Impact, Colour Pattern and Texture.
2 • used to become dark. Category: Stative Verbs, Time.
mungarr-mungarrpa descriptor. 1 • getting dark. Category: Time.
2 • after sunset. Category: Time.
mungawana descriptor. early morning when it is still dark. Category: Time.
mungayanu noun. kind of devil (a female spirit that travels at night). Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
mungka noun. stick. Category: Plants.
mungkilypa noun. 1 • species of plant. Category: Plants.
2 • species of seed. Category: Plants. See: wilyki.
munkarra descriptor. 1 • beyond. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • distant. Category: Direction and Location.
munkarrajula verb, (rra/la class). used to notice something beyond one's immediate concentration. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
munkarrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get to a distant place. E.g. beyond a certain landmark. Category: Motion.
munku descriptor. full stomach from eating. Category: State, Food Cooking and Fire. See: jarrulyu.
munkurra verb, (rra class). 1 • used to feed. Category: Bodily Functions, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • used to cause to be satisfied. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
munkurri verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to be satisfied. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to become pregnant. Category: Bodily Functions.
munkurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become full or satisfied from eating. Category: Stative Verbs,
Number and Quantity.
munta noun. person without a maparn. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
muntala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to take something off someone. Muntaljaku-rnin. You might take
it away from me. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to grab something from someone. Category: Holding and Transfer.
muntulngunyjarri verb, transitive (Ø class)?. used to loosen a small shrub and pull it out. Looking for grubs. Category: Holding and Transfer.
muntungu noun. whiteman. Category: People and Kinship.
munturu noun. species of plant. This plant has an edible gall. Category: Plants.
munu noun. nothing. Category: Number and Quantity.
munula verb, transitive (la class). used to finish something. Category: Impact.
-munu suffix. not. wangkaramunu speechless (either from defect or amazement). yirna jukumunu a big
man. Nyinapayi-laju Nalakayinja--Nalakayinmunu--Maapalpangka. We were staying in
Nullagine--not Nullagine--Marble Bar. wangkapayimunu a person who doesn't talk much.
munurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become nothing. Category: Stative Verbs.
munya Variant: munyja. descriptor. generous; not greedy. Munyalu-rni yungu. Out of generosity he gave it
to me. Category: Mood and Character. See: yirnipayi.
munyarri noun. species of mouse. Category: Animals.
munyja Variant: munya. descriptor. generous. Category: Mood and Character.
munyjanpa noun. species of tree. This tree has an edible fruit like a fig. Category: Plants.
munyjapayi noun. person who is always generous. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
munyjulyarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become ripe. Category: Stative Verbs, Food Cooking
and Fire.
munyjulypa descriptor. 1 • cooked. Category: State, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • done. As meat that has been cooked. Category: State, Food Cooking and Fire.
3 • ripe. As fruit. Category: State, Food Cooking and Fire.
munyurnpa noun. native plum bush. This has an edible fruit. Santalum lanceolatum. Category: Plants.
murli-murlila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to stir something. E.g. food, water. Category: Impact.
2 • used to swirl something. Category: Impact.
murljila verb, transitive (la class). used to wrap up something. E.g. a swag. Category: Impact.
murlkurrpa descriptor. hungry. Category: State, Food Cooking and Fire.
murlpirrju descriptor. very confident. Category: Mood and Character.
murlpirrmarra verb, transitive (rra class). 1 • used to make strong. Category: Impact.
2 • used to make confident. Category: Impact.
3 • used to empower. Category: Impact. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
murlpirrpa descriptor. strong. Category: State.
murltu descriptor. closed. kuran murltu disobedient person. Category: State.
murnaji noun. 1 • reciprocal gift. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • in return. Karrpukujupangka-ya murnaji wantikajalu waajamula purlitikaja. On other days the girls took a turn and would wash the plates. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
murnila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to get firewood. Category: Holding and Transfer, Food Cooking
and Fire.
2 • used to break off firewood. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
murrarni descriptor. 1 • customarily. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • habitually. Category: Manner and Posture.
murrjala verb, transitive (la class). used to crunch on something. E.g. toast, a bone. Category: Impact.
murrjinarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to lose weight; used to get thin. Category: Stative Verbs, Size
Shape and Weight.
murrjinpa descriptor. 1 • thin. Of a person or animal. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • skinny. Of a person or animal. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
murrkangunya noun. first-born child (in a family). Category: People and Kinship.
murrpu noun. back of body. Category: Body Parts and Products.
murrpu-murrpu noun. ripples on the water. Category: Elements.
murru descriptor. backwards. Yanu murru. He went backwards. Category: Manner and Posture.
murrujula verb, transitive (jula class). used to place something upright. Can be used of transplanting trees. Category: Holding and Transfer.
murru-murru descriptor. in a straight direction (of a boomerang). Category: Size Shape and Weight.
murrungarati verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to be standing upright. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and
Posture.
murrurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to back something up; used to back something out. Category: Motion.
murti noun. knee. Category: Body Parts and Products.
murti jurrpu-jurrpu Variant: murtijurrpu-jurrpu. descriptor. kneeling. Category: Manner and Posture.
murtijurrpu descriptor. kneeling. Category: Manner and Posture.
murtijurrpu-jurrpu Variant: murti jurrpu-jurrpu. descriptor. kneeling. Category: Manner and Posture.
murtilya noun. boy. Category: People and Kinship.
murtilya-murtilya noun. group of small boys, at least three. Category: People and Kinship.
murtirrpa noun. lips. Category: Body Parts and Products.
murtitikirlpa noun. camel. Camelus dromedarius. Category: Animals.
murtula verb, transitive (la class). used to hug. Category: Holding and Transfer.
murturrpa noun. young man (new initiated). Category: People and Kinship.
muru descriptor. clear following punishment for breaking the law. Category: State.
mururri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become clear. Category: Stative Verbs.
mutula verb, transitive (la class). used to conceal quickly. Category: Impact.
mutuka noun. motorcar. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
muu descriptor. more. From: English. Category: Manner and Posture.
Muuja noun. Moses. Category: Names and Place Names.
Muujajpa noun. Moses. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
muujamili luwuku ninti noun. scribes. Biblical context. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
muungu noun. a fly. Category: Insects.
muunpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to persuade another. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
muunurrku noun. a fly. Category: Insects.
muunurrku-nurrku noun. buzzy insect or a fly. Category: Insects.
muurrkati verb, transitive (Ø class). 1 • used to shift something away.
2 • used to shift something over. Category: Holding and Transfer.
muurrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to shift something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to move something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
muyurra noun. desire to have sex. Category: Mood and Character.
muyurrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become envious for something. Category: Vocalising and
Thought, Mood and Character.
muyurrpa descriptor. envious. Category: Mood and Character.
N - n
-n pronoun suffix. you (singular). Yanku-n kalyu manku. You will go and get water. Kaji-n kalypartu? Are
you hungry? Mirta-n puwa! Don't you hit him! Walyku-n nyuntu! Youre bad! Category: Pronouns.
-na~ verb suffix. 1 • repeatedly. Suffix indicating repetition.
2 • again and again. Kujupakartinaku-n! You keep on turning it over!
naapa descriptor. never. From: English. Category: Time.
naja descriptor. blunt. As a knife, axe or spear. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
Najarijpa noun. Nazareth. Category: Names and Place Names.
Najarra noun. name of spring (water). Category: Names and Place Names.
najawanpa descriptor. another one. From: English. Category: Number and Quantity.
naka noun. men's costume (made of cloth, for dancing). Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Artefacts
Constructions and Personal Objects.
Nalakayinpa noun. Nullagine. Category: Names and Place Names.
nalya descriptor. blunt. As a knife, axe or spear. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
-nama verb suffix. keep on doing something. Imperative continuous tense. Junama! Keep on putting it there!
Yanama-ya! All of you keep on going!
-namalpa verb suffix. will be doing something. Future continuous tense. Yanamalpa. He will be going.
Manamalpa. He will be getting it. Category: Time.
nampa noun. number. Category: Number and Quantity.
namurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become dumb. Category: Stative Verbs, Healing Sickness
and Ailments.
nana noun. 1 • nanna. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • grandmother. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • granddaughter. Category: People and Kinship.
nani noun. rabbit. Category: Animals.
nanpa noun. hair belt. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
nanpajurra verb, transitive (rra class). 1 • used to tie up. Category: Impact.
2 • used to buckle up. Originally used of tying a hair belt. Category: Impact. Gram: With -nu in PAST
headword.
nantirrpa descriptor. 1 • hard. Category: State.
2 • tough (of meat). Category: State, Food Cooking and Fire.
nanturrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to knock against something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to push someone. Category: Impact.
nanyjarnpa noun. species of python. Edible. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
narnma noun. lower back. Category: Body Parts and Products.
narnngu noun. a hook. Of spearthrower, spear, wire, stick. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal
Objects.
narnngula verb, transitive (la class). used to hook something from a hole. E.g. honeyants. Category: Holding
and Transfer.
narntarlpina noun. species of lizard. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
narntatiwa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to tip-toe. Category: Motion.
2 • used to limp along. Category: Motion.
narntungula verb, (la class). 1 • used to make paralysed. Category: Impact, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
2 • used to become stiff (of a dead body). Category: Stative Verbs.
nawu descriptor. now. From: English. Category: Time.
nayipu noun. knife. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
ngala verb, transitive (irregular). 1 • used to eat something. Category: Bodily Functions, Food Cooking and
Fire.
2 • used to consume. E.g., the creek ate the garden, i.e., the water destroyed the plants. Category: Impact.
-nga suffix. stative focus marker. Palunga kunyjunyungulyu. That is a really good one. Warta
warlpukurrumartanga. It is a really tall tree. Palunyalunga-rni ngurlumankupayi ngayunga. That one really gave me a fright.
ngaa demonstrative. this one (nearby). Ngana jina ngaa? Whose track is this? Category: Direction and
Location.
ngaajanu demonstrative. from here. Category: Direction and Location.
ngaakaja demonstrative. these people/things. Category: Direction and Location.
ngaakarti demonstrative. to this place. Category: Direction and Location.
ngaakujarra demonstrative. these two. Category: Direction and Location, Number and Quantity.
ngaamarntu descriptor. suddenly. Category: Manner and Posture.
ngaamartaji noun. inhabitant of this place. Category: People and Kinship.
ngaampa particle. contrary to expectation. Ngaampa palunyanga martu. Contrary to expectation, this was
the very man! Category: Particles.
ngaampa demonstrative. this one (nearby). Category: Direction and Location.
ngaanga demonstrative. this one (focus on it). Category: Direction and Location.
ngaangka demonstrative. right here. Category: Direction and Location.
ngaangkalyu demonstrative. this is the place. Category: Direction and Location.
ngaangulyu demonstrative. this one (focus on it). Category: Direction and Location.
ngaankura noun. species of frog. Category: Aquatic Creatures.
ngaanpa demonstrative. 1 • this person or thing. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • these persons or things. Category: Direction and Location.
ngaanya demonstrative. this one (nearby). Category: Direction and Location.
ngaanymala verb, intransitive (mala class). used to breathe. Category: Bodily Functions.
ngaany-ngaanypa noun. soft spot on babys head; fontanelle. Category: Body Parts and Products.
ngaanypa noun. breath. Ngaanypa-rna pakirringu. I held my breath. Category: Body Parts and Products.
ngaanypa kurtiwa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to sigh. Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • let out a big breath. Category: Bodily Functions.
ngaapa interrogative. 1 • what.
2 • this one, too? Category: Interrogatives.
ngaapakala verb, intransitive (la class). used to fill with water. As a soak or a boat. Category: Stative Verbs,
Number and Quantity.
ngaawana demonstrative. along here. Category: Direction and Location.
ngaawati demonstrative. beside here. Category: Direction and Location.
ngaayiku demonstrative. like this one. Category: Direction and Location.
ngajarri noun. stranger. Category: People and Kinship.
ngajila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to ask (usually for food). Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to beg. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ngajijaka noun. beggar. Someone who is always asking for something. Category: People and Kinship, Mood
and Character.
ngajirri verb, transitive (Ø class). used to borrow. Category: Impact.
ngakaji noun. wrong marriage relationship. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
ngakajipayi noun. someone who is always having a wrong relationship. Category: People and Kinship,
Mood and Character.
ngakajirra noun. couple in a wrong relationship. Category: People and Kinship.
ngakalyalya noun. species of cockatoo. Category: Birds.
ngakarlpa descriptor. fat. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
ngakumpa descriptor. 1 • deaf. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
2 • mad; insane. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
3 • simple-minded. Category: State.
ngakumpala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to cause madness. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Healing Sickness and Ailments.
2 • used to confuse. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ngakumpajaru descriptor. typically simple. Category: State.
ngakumparri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become deaf. Category: Stative Verbs, Healing
Sickness and Ailments.
2 • used to become mad. Category: Stative Verbs, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
3 • used to become simple-minded. Category: Stative Verbs, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
4 • used to forget. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
Ngakumparringu-rnalura. phrase. I forgot about it.
ngalkari noun. heart. Category: Body Parts and Products.
ngalkula verb, (rra/la class). used to eat food. Category: Bodily Functions, Food Cooking and Fire.
ngalkupinti noun. the material that can be eaten. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
ngalparra noun. 1 • line. E.g. coming along in a line. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • a row. E.g. standing in a row. Category: Direction and Location.
ngalula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to hold on to something. Purtu ngalulpayi murtilyalu. The boy
couldn't hold on to it. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to grab something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
ngalunyjapinti noun. thing used for holding things. E.g. a net. Category: Artefacts Constructions and
Personal Objects.
ngalya1 noun. forehead. Category: Body Parts and Products.
ngalya2 noun. stubborn person. Lit: hard forehead. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
See: juni marlirr-marlirrpa; marlirrpa.
ngalya pararra noun. receding hairline; bald. Category: Body Parts and Products.
ngalya rarru noun. angry person. Lit: hot forehead. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
ngalya wiltu noun. stubborn person. Lit: hard forehead. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and
Character.
ngalya yinyja-yinyja descriptor. head up. Category: Manner and Posture.
ngalyangamu noun. pussy-cat. Category: Animals.
ngalyangkarrka particle. against. Used mainly of the wind blowing against one's progress in walking. Category: Particles.
ngalyarlpa descriptor. short of the mark. Category: Manner and Posture.
ngalyarni demonstrative. 1 • to this place; here; in this direction.
2 • this side. Category: Direction and Location.
ngalyi noun. 1 • throat. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • neck. Category: Body Parts and Products.
ngalyikarrpilpa noun. policeman. Lit: one who ties the neck. Category: People and Kinship.
ngalyiwilirrpa noun. species of lizard. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
ngalyjurrmala verb, (la class). 1 • used to talk continually. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used of a dog barking continually. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ngalypa descriptor. 1 • good. Category: Value.
2 • well. Category: Value.
ngalypangulyu descriptor. really good. Category: Value.
ngama noun. 1 • breast. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • breast milk. Category: Body Parts and Products.
-ngama verb suffix. imperative continuous tense. Pungama! Keep on hitting him!
-ngamalpa verb suffix. future continuous tense. Pungamalpa. He will be hitting it. Category: Time.
ngampa verb, (Ø class). used to question one's self. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ngampaku noun. 1 • surprise. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
2 • questioning. Yanku-ran ngampaku. You will go to find out what happened. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ngampapuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to corner something. Jarntukajalu-yajananya
ngampapungu wumurnu. The dogs cornered them [the pigs] and got them in a group. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to capture something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
3 • used to jostle. Category: Motion.
4 • used to hem in. Category: Holding and Transfer.
ngamparljula verb, transitive (jula class). used to place something face-downward. Category: Holding and
Transfer.
ngamparl-ngamparl ngarri verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to lie face-downward. Category: Stative
Verbs, Manner and Posture. Gram: With -ngu in PAST eg.
ngamparlpa descriptor. face-downward. Category: Manner and Posture.
ngampu noun. egg. Category: Body Parts and Products, Birds.
ngampurrarri verb, (Ø+wa class). used to teach or give a discourse. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ngampurrju kanyila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to look after. Category: Impact.
2 • used to care for. Category: Impact.
3 • used to rule as a boss. Category: Impact.
ngampurrmala verb, transitive (mala class). 1 • used to take care of someone. Category: Impact.
2 • used to look after someone. Category: Impact.
ngampurrpa descriptor. 1 • care. Ngampurrpa nyina! Be careful! Ngampurrju kanyirni. She is taking care of that man. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • caution. Category: Manner and Posture.
ngamu descriptor. 1 • nearby. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • close. Category: Direction and Location.
ngamulkirra descriptor. close together. Used of two roads close to each other and running parallel. Category: Manner and Posture.
Ngamumarta! phrase. Come closer!
ngamunpa kata noun. top of the head. Category: Body Parts and Products.
ngamurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get closer. Category: Motion.
ngamurru noun. charcoal. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
ngana interrogative. 1 • who. Jampa ngana mirta marlakurriwa tayimungka, puwa-ya jiinga. When
someone didn't return in time, they would hit that one. Nganalu wajarnu? Who said it? Category: Interrogatives.
2 • what. Ngana jiji punkarnu? What child fell down? Category: Interrogatives. Gram: This word can
be used as an indefinite pronoun, anybody, someone
ngana wajarnu phrase. what he said. Eg to hear what he said. Gram: English literal translation of relative
pronoun
nganajanu interrogative. from what source. Category: Interrogatives.
nganaju interrogative. what relation is that person to me. Category: Interrogatives.
nganakamu interrogative. with what other person. Category: Interrogatives.
Nganaku-ran wangkinpa? phrase. For what are you asking?/What do you want?
nganalu interrogative. who did something to someone. Category: Interrogatives.
nganamalu interrogative. how many. Category: Interrogatives, Number and Quantity.
nganamili interrogative. whose is it. Category: Interrogatives.
ngananga interrogative. what is it. Category: Interrogatives.
nganangka interrogative. on what (did he come). Category: Interrogatives.
nganangkamarra interrogative. why; for what reason; from what. Nganangkamarra-ya yanu ngurrajanu? Why did they leave camp? Category: Interrogatives.
nganangku interrogative. what relation is that person to you. Category: Interrogatives.
nganapa interrogative. what was that. Category: Interrogatives.
nganarnpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to fail to recognise someone. Nganarnpungu-rniya. They couldn't recognise me (with my beard). Category: Vocalising and Thought.
nganartinpa interrogative. what group was it. Category: Interrogatives.
nganawa interrogative. what. Category: Interrogatives.
nganawintilu interrogative. with what instrument (was the action done)? Category: Interrogatives.
nganayuru interrogative. what is it like. Category: Interrogatives.
ngangkula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to hear. Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • used to listen. Ngangkula-rni! Listen to me! Category: Bodily Functions.
3 • used to think about. Ngangkulpayi-rna, "Wirriliminyirri!" I was thinking, "Its a very long way!" Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ngankala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to look after. Category: Impact.
2 • used to throw out rubbish. Category: Holding and Transfer.
nganmarlpa noun. hollow log. Category: Plants.
nganmi 1 • noun. person known. Not a stranger. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • descriptor. quiet. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • noun. neighbor. Category: People and Kinship.
4 • noun. relations. Category: People and Kinship. See: ngulyju; kawalya.
nganpila verb, transitive (la class). used to peek at something. Nganpila! Take a peek at it! Category: Bodily
Functions.
nganungu noun. species of berry. The ripe fruit is like "sticky sultanas". Canthium latifolium. Category: Plants.
nganyjarrpa descriptor. 1 • alone. On its own, as a camp to one side. Category: Number and Quantity.
2 • singly. On its own, as a camp to one side. Category: Number and Quantity.
nganyjila verb, intransitive (la class). used to warm oneself (at a fire). Category: Impact.
nganyju noun. calf of leg. Category: Body Parts and Products.
nganykuru noun. food for in-laws (gifts from a son-in-law). Category: Food Cooking and Fire, Dreaming
and Ceremony.
ngaparri noun. returning person. Category: People and Kinship.
ngaparrji descriptor. in return. Category: Manner and Posture.
ngaparrku noun. 1 • join up. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • meet up. Category: Holding and Transfer.
ngaparrpa descriptor. in turn. Category: Manner and Posture.
ngaparrpuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to return to a certain place. Category: Motion.
ngaparti descriptor. south. Ngaparti-rniya pakarnu Wirlurnajanu. They came here from the south, from
Wiluna. Category: Direction and Location.
ngapi pronoun. what's its name. Hesitation word (often indicates pause). Ngapi-rni yanu. So and so (a
persons name) came to me. Ngapi-laju nyangu. We saw a what-do-you-call-it (a kangaroo).
Ngapilu murtilya pungu. So and so (a persons name) hit the boy. Yanu-ya ngapingkamarra
kukurrjamarra. They went because of the what-do-you-call-it, because of the devil. Category: Pronouns.
ngapila verb, transitive (la class). used to do something. Based on the proword ngapi, thus representing an
action for which the speaker cannot recall the name at the moment. Ngana-n ngapirni? What are
you doing? Ngurra ngapilpayi. He was making a camp. Category: Impact.
ngapurlu noun. 1 • breast. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • breast milk. Category: Body Parts and Products.
ngapurrju descriptor. in return. Category: Manner and Posture.
ngara verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to stand. Ngarapayi ngurrangka. He was standing in camp.
Wartakaja-ya ngarani yarnnga. Many trees are standing there. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner
and Posture.
2 • used to be (in a vertical position). Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and Posture.
ngarajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to stand upright. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and Posture.
ngarlirrpa noun. barbs on a spear. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
ngarlkila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to block a blow. Category: Impact.
2 • used to stop someone fighting. Category: Impact.
ngarlkilmala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to protect a person from harm. Particularly in a fight. Category: Impact.
ngarlpu noun. play. Category: Motion.
ngarlpungarlpu descriptor. very playful. Category: Mood and Character.
ngarlpu-ngarlpu noun. person who is always playful. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and
Character.
ngarlpunyji noun. bush turkey; bustard. Eupodotis australis. Category: Birds.
ngarlpupinti noun. plaything. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
ngarlpurri verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to play. Category: Motion.
ngarlpurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to play a game. Category: Motion.
ngarlpuyuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to play a musical instrument. Category: Impact, Dreaming and
Ceremony.
ngarna noun. stick. Category: Plants.
ngarnanpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to speak against. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to rubbish. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ngarnawarra descriptor. 1 • up. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • high. Junu wartangka ngarnawarra. He put it high up in the tree. Category: Direction and
Location.
3 • above. Category: Direction and Location.
ngarnawarrala verb, transitive (la class). used to lift someone up. Category: Holding and Transfer.
ngarnawarrajingala verb, transitive (la class). used to raise someone's arms. Category: Motion.
ngarnawarramala verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to raise something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to raise an arm. Category: Holding and Transfer.
ngarnawarrapurluka noun. 1 • belongs above. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • inhabits above. Category: Direction and Location.
3 • God. Biblical context. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
ngarnawarrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to rise higher; used to become high up. Category: Motion.
ngarnka noun. sky. Category: Elements.
ngarnkangka warningu phrase. to throw dirt up into the air when angry.
ngarnkawana noun. along the sky. Category: Direction and Location.
ngarnkurrjarra noun. 1 • person with a beard. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • ten dollar note. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
ngarnkurrpa noun. beard. Category: Body Parts and Products.
ngarnta descriptor. sick. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
ngarntakaja noun. sick people. Category: People and Kinship, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
ngarntamala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to cause sickness. Category: Impact, Healing Sickness and
Ailments.
ngarntaminyirri descriptor. really sick. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
ngarntangara verb, (Ø class). used to be sickness there. Category: Stative Verbs, Healing Sickness and
Ailments.
ngarntaparni descriptor. without sickness; well. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
ngarntapirla descriptor. sick all the time. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
ngarntarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get sick. Category: Stative Verbs, Healing Sickness and
Ailments.
ngarnurti noun. bush turkey; bustard. Eupodotis australis. Category: Birds.
ngarrala verb, intransitive (la class). used to get caught in something. For example, a door. Category: Holding
and Transfer.
ngarranpa noun. group of people. Category: People and Kinship.
ngarranpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to divide into portions. Particularly of grain. Category: Impact.
ngarranypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to share around. Category: Holding and Transfer.
ngarrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to return. Category: Motion.
ngarri verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to lie down. Ngarringu-lu jijingka She lay down with the child.
Ngarripayi-laju parlkarrangka. We were lying on the flat. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and
Posture.
2 • used to camp. Category: Stative Verbs.
3 • used to be horizontal in position. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and Posture.
ngarrilara noun. baby at the lying stage. A child who must lie down all the time (can't sit alone yet). Category: People and Kinship.
ngarriti verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to lie down. Specifically the act of lying down. Category: Motion.
ngarrka noun. chest. Category: Body Parts and Products.
ngarru descriptor. 1 • industrious. Goes about his job without complaints.
2 • busy. Always busy.
3 • willing. Agreeable. Category: Mood and Character.
ngarrurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to be willing to do a job. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Mood and Character.
ngarrurta descriptor. energetic; ready to work. Category: State.
ngarruta noun. one who doesn't care about others. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character. Phon: may be ngarrurta
ngata-ngata descriptor. meeting up.
ngawula verb, transitive (la class). used to gather berries or other objects. Category: Holding and Transfer.
ngawujula verb, transitive (jula class). used to place the initate on the backs of the mourners. Category: Holding and Transfer, Dreaming and Ceremony.
ngayikarla noun. meat for old people. It is killed by the young fellows. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
ngayu pronoun. I; me. Pukurlpa-rna nyinapayi ngayu I was the happy one. Ngayulu-rna nyangu kalyu I
was the one who saw the water. Ngayu-rni pungu. I'm the one he hit. Jiingampa-ju ngayumili
marlpa. This one is my mate. Ngayu-rna Panaka. I am a member of the Panaka kinship group.
Yiki-rni ngayuwati! Stand beside me! Warta-rni punkarnu ngayungka. The tree fell on me.
Ngayunyanga! It's me! Category: Pronouns.
ngayukujarra pronoun. we two. Ngayukujarra-li yanku kuwarri. We two will go right now. Yanu-linya
jii martu ngayukujarakarti. That man came to us two. Nyangu-liju ngayukujarralu nyuntumili
yakurti. We two saw your mother. Category: Pronouns. Gram: Inclusive or exclusive of you.
ngayun pronoun. we all (three or more). Ngayunju-laju pungu marlu. We killed a kangaroo (speaking to
someone who did not kill it). Ngayunpa-la yulapayi. We were crying (speaking to someone who
cried with them). Yanu-lanya ngayunkarti. He came to us (speaking to someone who was with them when he came). Category: Pronouns.
ngayurtin pronoun. we all (three or more). Ngayurtiinpa-laju kurranyu yanu We went on ahead (speaking
to someone who did not go on ahead with them). Ngayurtinju-laju ngalkupayi mirrka. We were
eating food (speaking to someone who had not been eating with them). Yarltingu-lampaju
ngayurtinku. He called out for us (speaking to someone who had not been with them). Ngayutinpa-
la marlakarti pinirripayi. We were running along behind (speaking to someone who had been
running with them). Category: Pronouns.
ngayurtinpa pronoun. we all. Category: Pronouns.
ngijirri noun. firestick. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
ngijirrijula verb, transitive (jula class). used to give someone a firestick. Category: Holding and Transfer, Food Cooking and Fire.
ngilypi noun. woman. Category: People and Kinship.
-nginpa verb suffix. is doing something. Punginpa. He is hitting it. Category: Time.
ngintarlpa descriptor. white. Of a dog. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
ngiri descriptor. side look. Look out the corner of one's eyes. Ngirilu-rnara nyangu. I looked for him out of
the corners of my eyes. Category: Manner and Posture.
ngirrmala verb, transitive (mala class). used to grind teeth. Category: Bodily Functions.
ngirr-ngirrpa descriptor. grinding of teeth. Category: Sounds.
ngitarnmala verb, intransitive (mala class). 1 • used to burp.
2 • used to hiccough. Category: Bodily Functions.
ngiyari noun. mountain devil. Moloch horridus. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
-ngka1 suffix. subordinate clause suffix. Munyjulyarrinyjangka-n manku. When the meat is done, you will
get it. Waru nyarra tilirrinyjangka majurrinyjangka, warningku-n katu marlu tilingka. When the
fire over there is really burning, throw the kangaroo on top of the flames. Gram: Follows nominalised
verbs.
-ngka2 noun suffix. 1 • on. Jurra parnangka! Put it on the ground!
2 • in. Kurrungu pirningka wujungka. He entered the narrow cave. Mutukangka-ya yanu. They went in the car.
3 • at.
4 • with. Nyinapayi-lu yirnangka wanti jiinya. That woman was sitting with that man (just a visit).
5 • from. Jarru-lun manku marlungka. You will remove the intestines from the kangaroo.
6 • off. Category: Direction and Location.
-ngkamarra suffix. 1 • cause.
2 • because of.
3 • affected by. Nganangkamarra-ya yanu? Why (because of what) did they go?
Pukurrangkamarrangku-ya kata putalpayi. They were hitiing their heads because of the dead
person (ie grief). Waru tilila malpungkumarra! Light a fire - there could be devils about! Gram:
Used after words ending in a vowel.
-ngku1 verb suffix. will do something. Pungku-ntaya. They will hit you. Yungku-nta mani. He will give
you money. Kurtingku-rni mirli-mirli. He will send me a letter. Category: Time.
-ngku2 pronoun suffix. 1 • for you. Lit: They are talking for you.. Wangkani-ngkuya. They want you. Gram:
There is ambiguity here with the suffix -ngku 'reflexive' and this could also mean 'They are talking among themselves.'
2 • yours. Mama-ngku. It is your father. Category: Pronouns.
-ngku3 pronoun suffix. 1 • himself.
2 • herself.
3 • itself.
4 • yourself. Pampula-ngku! Touch yourself!
5 • yourselves.
6 • each other. Pungkuni-ngkuya. They are hitting each other. Jurtalu-ngkupula punginpa. Those two are fighting each other.
7 • ourselves.
8 • themselves. Pukurrangkamarra-ngkuya kata putalpayi. They were hitting themselves on the head because of the dead person (ie in grief). Category: Pronouns. Gram: Reflexive other than 1sg.
-ngkujaku verb suffix. might do something. Pungkujaku-nta martulu. The man might hit you.
Warlangkujaku. It might break.
-ngkukija suffix. wants to do something. Pungkukija. He is thinking about hitting him. Gram: Nominalises
verbs.
-ngkumarranypa verb suffix. suffix indicating completion. Pungkumarranypa. He already hit him. Category: Time. Gram: completive suffix
-ngkungara verb suffix. 1 • would have done something but didn't.
2 • almost did. Pungkungara. He almost hit him (but didn't).
-ngkuni verb suffix. is doing something. Pungkuni. He is hitting it. Yungkuni-rnajananya mirrka. I am
giving them food. Category: Time.
-ngkupayi verb suffix. was doing something. Pungkupayi. He was hitting the man. Kangkupayi-ya kuwiyi. They were carrying the meat. Category: Time.
-ngkupula pronoun suffix. 1 • for you two. Manu-ngkupula. He got it for you two.
2 • yours (two people). Category: Pronouns.
-ngkura1 pronoun suffix. away from you. Category: Pronouns.
-ngkura2 verb suffix. 1 • let's do something. Pungkura-li. Let us two hit it.
2 • ought to do something. Gram: Hortative suffix.
-ngkura3 verb suffix. 1 • having done something.
2 • doing something. Category: Time.
-ngkuraku verb suffix. 1 • in order to do something. Martu-lu yanu, pungkuraku. The man went to him in
order to hit him.
2 • for doing something. Gram: Purposive suffix.
-ngkurapula pronoun suffix. away from you two. Category: Pronouns.
-ngkuwara verb suffix. was doing something. Pungkuwarra. He was hitting it. Category: Time.
-ngu verb suffix. 1 • did something. Pungu-rni. He hit me. Yungu-rnara. I gave it to him. Marlakurringu.
He returned. Nyinangu rawa. He sat for a long time. Wangkangu-rni. He spoke to me. Category: Time.
2 • has done something. Jirntu kurrungu. The sun has set. Category: Time. Gram: For -zero and -wa
class verbs.
Ngujapunkanu noun. name of rockhole (near Jigalong). Category: Names and Place Names.
ngujurlpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to make a fire (using a friction method). Category: Impact, Food
Cooking and Fire.
ngukala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to swallow something. Ngukarnu ngalangu. He swallowed it and
ate it. Category: Bodily Functions, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • used to blame someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ngukarri descriptor. aimless. Category: Mood and Character.
ngukarrila verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to be uncertain. About a certain action. Category: Vocalising
and Thought, Mood and Character.
2 • used to be unsure. About doing something. Nyampa-li yankupayi ngukarrirnu. Remember how we two were going along, not too sure of what to do. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
ngukurnmala verb, transitive (mala class). 1 • used to congratulate. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to compliment. Ngukurnmanu. He complimented him, "Yes, that's a good job!". Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ngula descriptor. later. Category: Time.
ngulampa descriptor. later. Ngulampa-rni yanku. He will come here later. Category: Time.
ngulawiyayiju descriptor. only at a later time - not now. Category: Time.
ngulpurru noun. tail. Category: Body Parts and Products.
ngulyi noun. 1 • child. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • offspring. Can be used to refer to anyone in the generation below the speakers. Category: People
and Kinship.
ngulyju 1 • descriptor. tame (of animal). Category: Animals, Mood and Character.
2 • noun. pet. Category: Animals.
3 • descriptor. friendly. Category: Mood and Character.
4 • noun. countryman. Martu-ya ngulyju. Those people are friendly--they are relatives.
Category: People and Kinship. See: nganmi.
ngulyjula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to make a friend. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to domesticate a wild animal. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ngulyu noun. 1 • possession. Including a person's wife or husband. Ngulyu-ju. That is my possession. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • something belonging to someone. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
ngulyula verb, transitive (la class). used to steal. Category: Holding and Transfer.
-ngulyu suffix. suffix indicating certainty. Palunyangulyu! That's the lot! Ngalypangulyu! That's really
good!
ngulyu marra verb, transitive (rra class). used to steal someone's property. Ngulyu-ju manu wanti. He stole
my wife. Category: Holding and Transfer. Gram: With -nu in PAST eg.
ngulyujaka noun. thief; robber. Category: People and Kinship.
ngulyunyju noun. one who steals all the time; thief. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
ngumpa noun. 1 • face. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • relationship. Category: People and Kinship.
ngumpala verb, (la class). 1 • used to scold. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to tell off. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ngumpa juri phrase. good looking face.
ngumurlpa noun. child. Category: People and Kinship.
ngunjularriwa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to be puzzled. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood
and Character.
2 • used to be undecided about some problem. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
ngunjul-ngunjulpa descriptor. 1 • very perplexed. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • puzzled. Category: Mood and Character.
ngunjurlpa descriptor. 1 • undecided. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • puzzled. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • stumped. Category: Mood and Character.
nguntirrila verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • purring noise. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
2 • noise of a car engine running. Category: Sounds.
nguntu noun. 1 • head-cold. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
2 • phlegm. Category: Body Parts and Products.
nguntujurra verb, (rra class). used to feel another's touch or close presence. Category: Bodily Functions. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
ngunu noun. spirit (within a person). Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
ngunyarri noun. 1 • daughter-in-law (man speaking of his son's wife). Category: People and Kinship.
2 • father-in-law (woman speaking of her husband's father). Category: People and Kinship.
ngupanu noun. dingo. Category: Animals.
ngurinyji descriptor. 1 • undecided. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • uncertain. Category: Mood and Character.
ngurinyjirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become undecided. Nganaku-ran ngurinyjirringu? What is it you are uncertain about? Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
2 • used to be surprised. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
3 • used to be uncertain. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
4 • used to be perplexed. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
ngurlturr-ngurlturrpa Variant: ngurnturr-ngurnturrpa. noun. pig. Category: Animals.
ngurlu noun. 1 • fear. Ngurlu kukurripayi. He was hiding because he was afraid. Ngurlu pinirringu. He ran
away in fear. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • sacred (of object or ceremony). Maa-yarra ngurlungkamarra. Go away because of the sacred activities. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
3 • taboo. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
4 • the sacred area. Yanu-ya ngurlukarti. They went to the sacred area. Category: Dreaming and
Ceremony.
ngurlula verb, transitive (la class). used to chase something. Ngurlura wanarnu. He chased after it. Category: Motion.
ngurlujaka noun. 1 • coward or fearful person.
2 • very frightened person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
ngurlujula verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to frighten another. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Mood and Character.
2 • used to warn of frightening consequences. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
ngurlumala verb, intransitive (rra/la class). used to be frightened. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood
and Character.
ngurluninti Variant: ngurlurninti. noun. one who is knowlegable about taboo ceremony. Category: People
and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony, Mood and Character.
ngurluny-ngurlunypa descriptor. very afraid. Category: Mood and Character.
ngurluparni descriptor. fearless; brave. Category: Mood and Character.
ngurlura kurti verb, transitive (Ø class). used to frighten something away. Category: Impact.
ngurlurninti Variant: ngurluninti. noun. person who knows about sacred things. Category: People and
Kinship, Mood and Character, Dreaming and Ceremony.
ngurlurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to be afraid, used to become frightened. Category: Vocalising
and Thought, Mood and Character.
ngurlutingu verb, intransitive (unclassed). got a fright. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character. Gram: with -ngu in PAST eg.
ngurluwinti descriptor. frightened; with fear. Category: Mood and Character.
-ngurninyji suffix. 1 • limitational suffix.
2 • focus marker. Ngayungurninyji! I'm the bloke! Ngayungurninyjilu-rna kanyilku. I'm the one who will keep it.
ngurnjularri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to be undecided; used to become puzzled. E.g., in a
courtroom when a person doesn't know all the details-- not having enough proof. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
ngurnjulpa descriptor. 1 • undecided. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • puzzled. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • stumped. Ngurnjulpa-rna. I'm stumped--I can't do it. Category: Mood and Character.
ngurnku noun. elbow. Category: Body Parts and Products.
ngurnti noun. 1 • shoulder. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • shoulders. Category: Body Parts and Products.
ngurntilya noun. young tree. Generic term. Category: Plants.
ngurntingka descriptor. on a person's shoulders. Katipayi-rna ngurntingka. I carried it on my shoulders. Category: Manner and Posture.
ngurntirrirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to start up (of an engine). Category: Impact.
ngurnturr-ngurnturrpa Variant: ngurlturr-ngurlturrpa. noun. pig. Category: Animals.
ngurra noun. 1 • camp. Nyingangu-laju ngurrangka. We sat in camp. Ngurrakujarra-liju ngarringu. We
camped there for two days. Nyangu-lajupulampa ngurra. We saw the camp of those two people. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • shelter. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects, Elements.
3 • day. Time can be measured by the number of times a person camps at a place or along the way. Category: Time, Elements.
ngurrakarta phrase. camping out. For at least one night.
ngurrakarti noun. to the camp. Category: Direction and Location.
ngurrangkarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to come into camp. Category: Motion.
ngurrara1 noun. person's home country. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
ngurrara2 descriptor. belongs to a thing or place. Category: State.
ngurrila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to search for something. Ngurrila-ra murtilyaku! Search for the
boy! Category: Motion. Gram: The object of the search is marked with the dative case marker -ku.
2 • used to look for something. Parra-ngurrilku-ra. He will go about looking for it. Nganaku-ran
ngurrirni? What are you looking for? Category: Motion. Gram: The object of the search is marked with
the dative case marker -ku.
ngurrinpa noun. a fly. Category: Insects.
ngurr-ngurrpa Variant: nguurr-nguurrpa. noun. pig. Category: Animals.
ngurrpa descriptor. 1 • unknowing. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • ignorant of something. Ngurrpa! It is unknown! Ngurrpa-rna. I don't know. Ngurrpa-rnara
mutukaku. I know nothing about motor-cars. Ngurrpa-lajura. We don't know anything about it.
Ngurrpakanu-rnanta. I thought you didn't know it. Ngurrpajanulu manu. Out of ignorance he got
it (i.e., he didn't know any better). Category: Mood and Character.
ngurrpajula verb, (la class). used to say one is ignorant or inexperienced. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ngurtarla noun. ceremonial decorations of white cockatoo feathers. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony,
Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
ngurtila verb, transitive (la class). used to clamp knees around something. E.g. when riding a horse. Category: Holding and Transfer.
Ngurtulypa noun. name of place. Category: Names and Place Names.
ngurtuma noun. 1 • species of tree. Category: Plants.
2 • species of grub. Found in the ngurtuma tree. Eucalyptus microtheca. Category: Insects.
-nguru suffix. from. Category: Direction and Location. See: jiiyurungkamarra.
ngururrjanu descriptor. from the inside. Category: Direction and Location.
ngururrpa descriptor. 1 • inside. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • underneath. Category: Direction and Location.
nguunjula verb, (la class). used to try to get past a barrier. Category: Motion.
nguunypuwa verb, (wa class). used to talk continually. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
nguurrmala verb, intransitive (mala class). used to grunt. Nguurrmanu. He said "huh?". Category: Vocalising
and Thought, Sounds.
nguurr-nguurrpa Variant: ngurr-ngurrpa. noun. pig. Category: Animals.
nguwanpa descriptor. 1 • almost. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • just about. Category: Manner and Posture.
nguyalpa descriptor. stance to receive a sentence. As standing ready to take ones punishment/standing "before the judges". Category: Manner and Posture.
nguyu descriptor. raw. Of eggs or meat. Food and Cooking. Category: State.
nguyuwarra noun. 1 • dead person. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • unconscious person. Category: People and Kinship.
-ni verb suffix. is doing something. Wangkani. He is talking. Ngarrini. He is lying down. Category: Time.
niijpa noun. bird's nest. From: English. Category: Birds.
niilamula verb, transitive (la class). used to drive a nail. Category: Impact.
niilpa noun. nail. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
niitingpa noun. 1 • fish net. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • wire netting. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
niitulpa noun. needle. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
nikilijpa noun. necklace. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
nikitpala descriptor. naked. Category: State.
-ninpa verb suffix. is doing something. Yaninpa-rna. I am going. Category: Time.
ninti noun. 1 • knowledge. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • knowing. Ninti-rnara. I know about that. Ninti-ju? Do I know that person? Category: Vocalising
and Thought.
nintila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to show someone something. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to teach someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
nintijula verb, transitive (jula class). used to show someone something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
nintikaja noun. really clever person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
nintilumarta noun. one who knows certain information. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and
Character.
nintimala verb, transitive (mala class). used to teach someone. Kaji-ran nintimanu nyuntulu yawartaku? Did
you teach him about horses? Category: Vocalising and Thought.
nintipuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to teach someone something. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
nintipuka noun. 1 • clever person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • knowledgeable person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
3 • scribes. Biblical context. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
nintipurluka noun. teacher. Biblical context. Category: People and Kinship.
nintirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get to know something; used to learn something. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ninyji-ninyji noun. a dance. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
-nirra verb suffix. completive suffix. Yungkunyjanirrangka-la nyaku. After we give it all away, well see
something. Yanunirra-ya. The whole mob has gone. Ngalangunirra-ya. They ate the lot.
Kampakunirra wurnakaja. He will burn off all the kangaroos fur. Category: Time. Gram: Follows
inflectional suffix on verb.
-nku verb suffix. will do something. Panakalu manku Karimarra wanti. A Panaka man will marry a
Karimarra woman. Ka-li manku marlu junku pirrpilyangka. And we two will get the kangaroo and
put it on the leaves. Mirta-rna yanku. I won't go. Category: Time.
-nkujaku verb suffix. 1 • possibility.
2 • might do something. Mankujaku mirrka. He might get the food. Yankujaku. He might go.
-nkukija derivational suffix. wants to do something. Nominalises verbs. Yankukija. He is thinking about
going.
-nkumarranypa verb suffix. 1 • completive suffix.
2 • already did something. Yankumarranypa. He has already gone. Category: Time.
-nkungara verb suffix. 1 • would have done something.
2 • should have done something. Yankungara. He should have gone. Junkungara-n marlaku. You should have put it back.
-nkuni verb suffix. is doing something. Kuwarri yankuni. He is going now. Mankuni-pula kalyu karrungka. Those two are getting water at the creek. Category: Time.
-nkupayi verb suffix. was doing something. Ka-rna maa-yankupayi. And I was going away. Mankupayi. He was getting it. Category: Time.
-nkura1 verb suffix. 1 • let's do something. Yankura-la. Let's go. Junkura-la pilkirrinyja. Since it is rotten,
let's leave it.
2 • ought to do something. Hortative suffix.
-nkura2 verb suffix. 1 • having done something.
2 • doing something. Suffix indicating serial action. Category: Time.
-nkuraku verb suffix. 1 • for doing something.
2 • in order to do something. Suffix indicating purpose. Yanku-pula mirrka mankuraku. Those two went in order to get some food.
-nkuwara verb suffix. was doing something. Past continuous tense. Yankuwara. He was going. Category: Time.
-nma verb suffix. keep on doing something. Imperative continuous tense. Wakanma! Keep on spearing!
Wajanma wululu! Keep on saying it forever!
-nmalpa verb suffix. will be doing something. Future continuous tense. Wakanmalpa. He will be spearing it.
Kanyinmalpa. He will be keeping it. Category: Time.
-npula pronoun suffix. you two. Ngalangu-npula? Did you two eat something? Nyaarta-rninpula pakarnu? When did you two arrive here? Category: Pronouns.
-npulampa pronoun suffix. yours (two people); for you two. Manu-npulampa? Did he get it for you two? Category: Pronouns.
-npulampalura pronoun suffix. away from you two. Category: Pronouns.
-npulanya pronoun suffix. you two; to you two; at you two. Pungu-npulanya? Did he hit you two? Category: Pronouns.
-nta1 suffix. having done something. Nominalising suffix. Nyaku-n ngarrintajanu. You will see the
kangaroo when it has laid down. Category: Time.
-nta2 pronoun suffix. 1 • you. Nganalu-nta pungu? Who hit you?
2 • to you. Yanu-ntaya? Did they come to you?
3 • at you.
4 • off you. Nyinapayi-nta. He was sitting with you. Category: Pronouns.
-nu verb suffix. did something. Past tense suffix. Pakarnu-laju yanu ngurrakarti. We got up and went to
camp. Manu-pulanya. He got those two. Junu-rna yanu. I left it behind. Category: Time.
nunupuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to tap someone. Category: Impact.
nurru-nurru descriptor. 1 • round. Like a stone. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • spherical. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
Nuuwa noun. Noah. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
nyawa verb, transitive (irregular). 1 • used to see. Nyangu-laju marlu. We saw a kangaroo. Purtu nyangu. He
couldn't see it. Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • used to look at. Nyakupayi-lanyaju. The kangaroo was looking at us. Nyawa-lu pilurnja! Look
at the bird! Parra-nyawa! Look all about! Category: Bodily Functions.
3 • used to look for. Nyawa-ra jilaku! Look for the snake! Category: Bodily Functions. Gram: The
object of the looking is marked with dative case.
-nya noun suffix. focus (goal). Jiinya kalyu kunyjunyu. That water is good to drink. Ngaanya-ju. This one is
mine.
nyaa interrogative. what. Category: Interrogatives.
nyaaku interrogative. why; for what reason. Category: Interrogatives.
nyaalyjirri interrogative. how many. Category: Interrogatives.
nyaangkamarra interrogative. why; for what reason. Category: Interrogatives.
nyaangula interrogative. when. Category: Interrogatives.
nyaarnirrirnirri demonstrative. everything. Category: Number and Quantity.
nyaarta interrogative. when. Nyaarta pakalku? When will he arrive? Category: Interrogatives.
nyakupunajangka descriptor. without having seen him. Category: Manner and Posture.
nyalyka noun. species of wattle shrub. With edible seeds which are ground into a paste and eaten. The tree
provides good shade. Acacia ampliceps. Category: Plants.
nyamanypa noun. young animal. Category: Animals.
nyami noun. 1 • grandmother. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • granddaughter. Category: People and Kinship.
nyampa particle. remember. Something previously referred to. Nyampa-li yankupayi. Do you remember
that we were going there? Category: Particles.
nyampali noun. 1 • boss. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • leader. Category: People and Kinship.
nyamu1 particle. 1 • enough. Category: Particles.
2 • that far! Category: Particles.
3 • the end (of a discourse). Category: Particles.
nyamu2 noun. 1 • grandfather. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • grandson. Category: People and Kinship.
nyamurtuka particle. thats all! Category: Particles.
nyangi noun. head-ring. Usually made of twisted grass and hair string; used for carrying containers on one's head. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
nyangka particle. conjunction. Probably shortened from palunyangka; often involves different subjects. Category: Particles.
Nyangumarta noun. language name. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Names and Place Names.
nyanka noun. back part of neck; nape of neck. Category: Body Parts and Products.
nyankanyuku descriptor. on the back of the neck. Category: Direction and Location.
nyankarra noun. 1 • a backward look. Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • a turning around. Category: Motion.
nyanpinypa noun. eyebrow. Category: Body Parts and Products.
nyanyjarla noun. tongue. Category: Body Parts and Products.
nyanyjarnpa1 noun. species of snake. Edible. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
nyanyjarnpa2 noun. pussy-cat. Category: Animals.
nyanyjula verb, transitive (la class). used to lick something. Category: Bodily Functions.
Nyaparu noun. substitute name. Replaces the name of someone who has the same name or a name similar to
that of a person who has died. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
nyaparu noun. name substitute. A word used in place of the name of a person who has died. At present this
word itself is not being used because of the death of a person who had been referred to this term for a
long time. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
nyara descriptor. jealous. Category: Mood and Character.
nyararri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become jealous. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood
and Character.
nyarlinypa noun. tongue. Category: Body Parts and Products.
nyarlpi noun. 1 • wings (of a bird). Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • feathers. Category: Body Parts and Products, Birds.
nyarlpijarra noun. feathered creature; a bird. Category: Birds.
Nyarnayi noun. name of ceremony. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
nyarnpi verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to dance. Normally applies to traditional dance style of women. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Motion.
nyarnpipuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to dance. Traditional style of women's dancing. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Motion.
nyarra demonstrative. 1 • yonder. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • that, in distance. Nyangu-rna martu nyarra. I saw that man. Nyarrakajalu-ya wajarnu. That
mob said so. Nyarralu-rni pungu. That one hit me. Category: Direction and Location.
nyarrakarti demonstrative. to that distant place; to there. Category: Direction and Location.
nyarrakartirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get to a distant place. Category: Motion.
nyarrakartitingu verb, intransitive (unclassed). got to a distant place. Possibly with interruptions along the
way. Category: Motion. Gram: With -ngu in PAST headword.
nyarrangka demonstrative. at that distant place. Category: Direction and Location.
nyarrangulyu demonstrative. right there. Category: Direction and Location.
nyarranya demonstrative. that one. Category: Direction and Location.
nyarranypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to share around a group. Category: Holding and Transfer.
nyarrawaka demonstrative. in that direction. Category: Direction and Location.
nyarrawana demonstrative. along that way. Category: Direction and Location.
nyarru interjection. poor fellow! Lit: Poor fellow. Leave him alone!. Nyarru. Jurra! Don't even mention that
poor fellow! Category: Interjections.
nyarrumpa noun. 1 • sister (of a man). Nyarrumpa-ju. It is my sister. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • brother (of a woman ). Category: People and Kinship.
nyarrurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to feel sorry for someone; used to be sympathetic. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
nyayalypa noun. small dish. For scooping things out such as water. Category: Artefacts Constructions and
Personal Objects.
nyii interjection. here! Category: Interjections.
nyiijula verb, transitive (jula class). used to give something to someone. Category: Holding and Transfer.
nyiilamurra verb, transitive (rra class). used to nail an object to another. Category: Impact. Gram: With -nu in
PAST headword.
nyiinyinka noun. species of finch. Possibly the zebra finch. Category: Birds.
nyiirnka noun. hole in nasal septum. Category: Body Parts and Products.
nyiirnkajarra noun. person with his nasal septum pierced. Category: People and Kinship.
nyilyjijula verb, transitive (jula class). used to touch someone with a burning stick. Category: Impact, Food
Cooking and Fire.
nyimiri noun. rib. Category: Body Parts and Products.
nyimparra noun. pubic covering. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
nyimparrala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to make pubic coverings. Category: Impact.
nyina verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to sit. Nyinama-ya! Keep on sitting! (often used when a person
leaves others in camp). Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and Posture.
2 • used to live at a place. Category: Stative Verbs.
3 • used to be. Kunyjunyu-rna nyinani. I am well. Ngurrangka-laju nyinangu. We were in camp. Category: Stative Verbs.
4 • used to stay at a place. Category: Stative Verbs.
nyinajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to make someone sit down. Katingu-lajujananya nyinajunu. We
took them there and made them sit down. Category: Impact.
nyinalara Variant: nyinalurru. noun. child that can sit alone. Category: People and Kinship.
nyinalurru Variant: nyinalara. noun. baby at the sitting stage. Category: People and Kinship.
nyinanyjarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get up to a sitting position. Category: Motion.
nyinapinti noun. chair. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
nyinatingu verb, intransitive (unclassed). sat intermittently. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and Posture. Gram: With -ngu in PAST headword.
nyinganyinga descriptor. upset; embarrassed. Particularly because of a son who has been caught stealing. Category: Mood and Character.
nyingka particle. remember (the person previously mentioned). Category: Particles. Gram: Non-demonstrative
determiner.
nyininyjanpa phrase. while sitting (something happened).
nyinkilpa descriptor. generous; not greedy. Category: Mood and Character. See: yirnipayi.
nyinyjarrpa descriptor. serious. Category: Mood and Character.
nyinyji noun. spear. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
nyipilyjala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to sample food. Category: Bodily Functions, Food Cooking and
Fire.
2 • used to try something. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
nyira descriptor. 1 • reformed. "Won't do wrong again"--after punishment. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • submissive to authority. Category: Mood and Character.
nyirarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become submissive to authority. Category: Vocalising and
Thought, Mood and Character.
nyirla noun. roots. Category: Plants.
nyirri descriptor. 1 • down. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • low. Category: Direction and Location.
nyirrirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become lower; used to get down. Category: Motion.
nyirrki noun. species of hawk. Category: Birds.
nyirrkulyu noun. species of hawk. Category: Birds.
nyirrmala verb, intransitive (mala class). used to make a buzzing noise. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
nyirrparnpa descriptor. serious. Category: Mood and Character.
nyirru noun. sex desire. Category: Mood and Character.
nyirti noun. youngest child in a family. Category: People and Kinship.
nyirtila verb, transitive (la class). used to spread something. Category: Impact.
nyirtingunya noun. youngest child in a family. Category: People and Kinship.
Nyiyaparli noun. language name. Category: Names and Place Names, Vocalising and Thought.
Nyiyarnunya noun. name of place. A rockhole near Jigalong. Category: Names and Place Names.
-nyja derivational suffix. the one doing the action indicated by the verb. Nominalising suffix (may be suffixed
to verb stems as well as inflected verbs). Marlu nyangu puringka ngarrinyja. He saw a kangaroo
lying in the shade. Nyangu karlaya pupanyjanpa. He saw an emu squatting down.
Munyjulyarrinyangka-n manku. When the meat is done, you get it. Pakarnu punkarnunyja.
Having fallen, he got up. Junkura-la pilkirrinyja. Since it got rotten, let's leave it alone.
ngalunyjapinti a thing for holding, i.e., a handle. Ngalkunyjalu yumulu nyanyjurni. Having eaten
something [bad], [the dog] is just licking him. Punkanyjajanu ngarringu parnangka. After he fell,
he lay on the ground. Gram: After -rra class verb stems: -nkunyja; after -wa class verb stems: -ngkunyja;
after -la class verb stems: nyja; after (- ) class verb stems: -nyja.
-nyjarri noun suffix. suffix indicating plural. yirnanyjarri the group of elders. Category: Number and
Quantity.
-nyu noun suffix. of course! Suffix indicating assertion. Walyjinyu! Of course, it's a walyji tree--what did you
expect!
nyuka noun. creation place. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
nyukapuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to give birth. Category: Bodily Functions.
-nyuku noun suffix. 1 • suffix indicating target.
2 • on (usually suffixed to a body part). Pungu-rni mulyanyuku. He hit me on the nose.
nyukunu noun. 1 • spouse. Use depends on relationship of the speaker. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • husband. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • wife. Category: People and Kinship.
nyukurni descriptor. long ago. Category: Time.
nyuma noun. flour from ground seeds. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
Nyumanpa noun. Mount Newman. Category: Names and Place Names.
nyumpurlpa descriptor. white (of gum trees). Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
nyungkula verb, (la class). used to gather. Category: Holding and Transfer.
nyungkurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to gather together. Used of large groups gathering. Category: Motion.
nyuntu pronoun. you. Nyuntu-n walyku! You are the one that's no good! Ngana-ngku nyuntuku mama?
Who is your father? Kaji-n ngalangu kuka nyuntulu? Are you the one who ate the meat? Yankura-
li mayakarti nyuntumilikarti. Let's two go to your house. Nyunturta! Youre the one! Category: Pronouns.
nyuntukujarra pronoun. you two. Yula-pula nyuntukujarra! You two cry! Puwa-pula nyuntukujarralu! You two hit it! Category: Pronouns.
nyuntunpa pronoun. you mob; you (plural). Category: Pronouns.
nyuntupunajangka descriptor. when you weren't here; before you came. Category: Time.
nyunturtin pronoun. you mob; you (plural). Nyaarta-nyurra pakarnu nyunturtinpa? When did you all
arrive? Category: Pronouns.
nyunurra descriptor. amazed. Category: Mood and Character.
nyunyjirnpa noun. 1 • navel. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • umbilicus. Category: Body Parts and Products.
nyunyjula verb, transitive (la class). used to kiss someone. Category: Bodily Functions.
nyunyjurnpa noun. marrow. Category: Body Parts and Products.
nyunyunyu noun. brain. Category: Body Parts and Products.
nyupa noun. 1 • spouse. Use depends on relation of the speaker. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • husband. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • wife. Category: People and Kinship.
nyupajarra descriptor. with a spouse. Category: Manner and Posture.
nyupajarrarri verb, transitive (Ø+wa class). used to get married; used to take a spouse. Category: Vocalising
and Thought.
nyupakurlu descriptor. with a spouse. Category: Manner and Posture.
nyupararra noun. person and his/her spouse. Nyupararra-liju yanu. My wife and I went. Category: People
and Kinship.
nyupawinti descriptor. with a spouse. Category: Manner and Posture.
nyupila verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to press grapes or the like to produce juice. Category: Impact, Food
Cooking and Fire.
nyuri descriptor. 1 • still. Purtu-laju wajarnu.Nyurilu-rni pungu. In vain we spoke to him--he still went
ahead and hit me. Nyuri nyinapayi yapungka. He was still sitting on the hill. Category: Manner and
Posture.
2 • yet. Category: Manner and Posture.
3 • persistent. Category: Manner and Posture.
4 • nevertheless. Category: Manner and Posture.
nyurirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become persistent about something. Category: Vocalising and
Thought, Mood and Character.
nyurni noun. teasing. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
nyurni yikarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to laugh in derision. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
nyurnimala verb, transitive (mala class). used to tease someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
nyurnipayi noun. one who despises, teases, rejects another or their talk. Category: People and Kinship,
Mood and Character.
nyurntilirri noun. blackboy tree. Category: Plants.
-nyurra pronoun suffix. all of you; you (plural). Wanyjakarti-nyurra yanu? Where did all of you go?
Walyku-nyurra! You are a bad lot! Category: Pronouns.
-nyurrampa pronoun suffix. yours (plural); for you all. Lit: he is talking for you. Wangkani-nyurrampa. He
wants you all. Majarni-nyurrampa. He is waiting for you all. Category: Pronouns.
-nyurrampalura pronoun suffix. away from you (plural). Category: Pronouns.
-nyurranya pronoun suffix. 1 • you (plural); all of you. Pungku-rnanyurranya. I am going to hit the lot of
you.
2 • to all of you. Yanu-nyurranya? Did he come to you? Category: Pronouns.
nyurrartin pronoun. you (plural); all of you. Marlakurringu-nyurra mungajarra nyurrartinpa. You all are
the ones that came in last night. Category: Pronouns.
nyurrartinpa pronoun. you all. Category: Pronouns. Gram: Intransitive independent plural pronoun.
nyurrjipuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to sneeze. Category: Bodily Functions.
nyurrmala verb, intransitive (mala class). 1 • used to doze off. Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • used to nod head in sleep. Category: Motion.
nyurru-nyurru noun. bridge of nose. Category: Body Parts and Products.
nyurtula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to gather and winnow (of seeds). Category: Holding and Transfer,
Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • used to husk seeds. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
nyuru noun. 1 • stomach. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • abdomen. Category: Body Parts and Products.
nyurujarra noun. woman who is expecting a child. Category: People and Kinship.
nyurukirta1 noun. species of kangaroo. Category: Animals.
nyurukirta2 noun. pot-bellied person. Category: People and Kinship.
nyuruti verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to nod off to sleep. Category: Bodily Functions.
nyutila verb, transitive (la class). used to rub ashes onto the skin. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
nyuulkula verb, (la class). used to swallow something. Category: Bodily Functions.
nyuurrarri verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to hang your head sleepily. Category: Bodily Functions.
nyuwanmala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to make something new. Category: Impact.
nyuwanpa descriptor. new. Category: Value.
nyuwijiki noun. 1 • music. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • musical sound from an instrument. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Sounds.
nyuwurrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to bow one's head. Category: Motion.
nyuwurrpa descriptor. 1 • head bowed. sign that a person doesn't want to fight. Category: Manner and
Posture.
2 • nodding head. Category: Manner and Posture.
nyuyula verb, transitive (la class). used to build up a fire. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
P - p
-pa1 noun suffix. augment. Added to a word ending in a consonant to produce an open syllable. manarrpa tired
(from manarr + -pa). kurrurnpa spirit/feelings. tikirlpa dry. milpinypa finger nail. yungunpa morning/tomorrow/next day.
-pa2 suffix. interrogative suffix. Nyuntupa? What about you? Nganapa? Who is it? Category: Interrogatives,
Interrogatives.
paa interjection. 1 • oh! Category: Interjections.
2 • oops! Category: Interjections.
3 • sorry! Category: Interjections.
paala verb, transitive (la class). used to cook something. Paarnu-laju parnaparnti. We cooked the lizard. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
paajayi noun. birthday. From: English. Category: Time.
paali noun. barley. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
paalpa noun. cook; one who has the task of cooking an animal or damper. Category: People and Kinship,
Food Cooking and Fire.
paalypaalypa descriptor. 1 • blurry. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
2 • indistinct sight. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
3 • poor sight. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
paampa noun. farm. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
paampumula verb, transitive (la class). used to bump into something. Category: Impact.
paangka noun. bed. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
paanypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to discuss together. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to argue, turning the wishes of the opposition. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
paarlala verb, intransitive (la class). used to open one's eyes after sleep. Category: Bodily Functions.
paarlarnpa descriptor. open eyes. Category: State.
paarlarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to be poor sighted. Category: Stative Verbs, Healing Sickness
and Ailments.
paarlarriraku phrase. in order to see.
paarlkawa verb, transitive (wa class). used to open eyes. Category: Bodily Functions.
paarlpa descriptor. eyes open. Paarlpa ngarrini. He is lying with his eyes open. Category: State.
paarlpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to open something. Paarlpuwa-ngku kuru! Open your eyes! Category: Impact.
paarrmala verb, intransitive (rra/la class). used to blink (of an eye). Category: Bodily Functions. Gram: This
may be Jim's parrmanu
paatulpa noun. bottle. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pajala verb, transitive (la class). used to bite something. May refer to a sharp pain also. Jilalu-rni pajarnu
julyju. Long ago a snake bit me. Pajalngara-rni. It almost bit me. Category: Bodily Functions, Food
Cooking and Fire.
pajipuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to make fire (using the friction method). Category: Impact, Food
Cooking and Fire.
Pajuwupa noun. 1 • Passover. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
2 • Jewish festival. Biblical context. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
pakala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to get up. Ka-laju pakarnu yanu. Then we got up and went. Category: Motion.
2 • used to appear. Category: Motion.
3 • used to arrive. Category: Motion.
paka-pakala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • large group arrived. Category: Motion.
2 • large group got up. Category: Motion.
3 • large group appeared. Category: Motion. Gram: With -rnu PAST in headword.
-pakayi noun suffix. interrogative suffix. Martupakayi? Is it an Aborigine? Category: Interrogatives.
paki 1 • noun. nothing. Paki-rna. I have nothing. Paki-lanyaju wajarnu. He lied to us. Pakilyu! Its nothing
really! Pakiyampa-ra nyangu. He got nothing for all his looking. Category: Number and Quantity.
2 • particle. no. Paki! No! Pakiwiyayiju-lura pungu. He tried to shoot it, but he missed. Category: Particles.
pakila verb, transitive (la class). used to finish something. E.g. a job. Category: Impact.
paki kajala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to tell lies. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to deceive. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
paki kajalkaja noun. group which goes around telling lies. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and
Character.
paki kajalpa noun. one who goes around telling lies. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
pakikajalpa noun. deceiving ones. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
pakikarala verb, (la class). used to mistakenly think something is not true or unimportant. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
pakiku jiilja jarrpa~ phrase. to go to jail for no reason.
pakikukala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to think mistakenly that something is unimportant. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to disbelieve. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
pakingka phrase. if a certain action fails (then another course will be taken). Kartimalku-ntaya; pakingka-
ntaya pungku. They will grab you for initiation, and if they don't they'll kill you.
pakipayi noun. 1 • "good bloke" who doesn't like to fight. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and
Character.
2 • person who tells lies. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
pakirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become nothing. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to be finished. Kalyu pakirringu. The water has all gone. Pakirringu-lura. His mate has
died./His mate has disappeared. Pakirrinyja warningu. Since it was used up, he threw it away. Category: Stative Verbs.
pakita noun. bucket. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pakiti noun. pocket. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pakiwana descriptor. wrong way. Category: Direction and Location.
pakulyarra noun. species of wallaby. Category: Animals.
pala demonstrative. there. May be used as an interjection. Pala! It's there! Look out! Category: Direction and
Location.
-palaji noun suffix. first. Suffix indicating initial. Ngayupalaji-rna yanku. I'll go first. Category: Number and
Quantity.
palanya demonstrative. there. Category: Direction and Location.
palawanarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to go along there. Category: Motion.
palawarraku demonstrative. that way (in the distance). Category: Direction and Location.
palipuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to recognise. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to met up with. Category: Motion.
paljula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to prepare camp. Category: Impact.
2 • used to settle. Category: Impact.
Palpatawunpa noun. Balfore Downs. Category: Names and Place Names.
palu pronoun. 1 • he. Palulu-rni yungu. He gave it to me. Ngarntarrijaku palu. He might get sick.
2 • she.
3 • it.
4 • him.
5 • her. Category: Pronouns.
palukaja pronoun. they (plural); them (plural). Category: Pronouns.
palukujarra pronoun. they (two); them (two). Category: Pronouns.
palulyu interjection. 1 • that's it!
2 • good-bye!
3 • the end (of a story). Category: Interjections.
palumili pronoun. 1 • his.
2 • hers.
3 • its. Category: Pronouns.
palunya pronoun. 1 • he.
2 • she.
3 • it.
4 • him.
5 • her. Category: Pronouns.
palunyajanu descriptor. after that; then. A sentence introducer. Category: Time.
palunyakaja pronoun. they (plural); them (plural). Category: Pronouns.
palunyamili pronoun. 1 • his.
2 • hers.
3 • its. Category: Pronouns.
palunyangka descriptor. at that time; then. Category: Time. Gram: A sentence introducer.
palunyangkayilampa descriptor. then. A sentence introducer. Category: Time.
Palunyangulyu! phrase. 1 • That is really it!
2 • Good-bye!
3 • The end (of a story)!
palunyanpa pronoun. 1 • they (plural); them (plural).
2 • those same ones (plural). Category: Pronouns.
palurtin pronoun. they (plural); them (plural). Category: Pronouns.
palutayimu descriptor. that time. Category: Time.
palya descriptor. 1 • good. Category: Value.
2 • well. Category: Value.
3 • clear (ie not taboo). Category: Value.
palyala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to make something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to do something. Category: Impact.
3 • used to create something. Category: Impact.
palyalpayi noun. 1 • good person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • repairman. Category: People and Kinship.
palyamala verb, transitive (la class). used to make well. Category: Impact, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
palyamala verb, transitive (mala class). 1 • used to fix something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to repair something. Category: Impact.
3 • used to heal someone. Category: Impact.
palyarri descriptor. fat. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
palyarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become well or good. Category: Stative Verbs, Healing
Sickness and Ailments.
Palyayirra nyinati! phrase. Sit down the proper way!
palyjalypa descriptor. weak. Loss of strength. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
palyjarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become full. Category: Stative Verbs, Number and Quantity.
paly-palyarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become dull or dim or blurred. As when the lights go
out. Category: Stative Verbs.
paly-palypa descriptor. 1 • dim. Category: State.
2 • blurred. Category: State.
3 • not too clear. Category: State.
pampa noun. kind of devil (a female spirit that travels at night). Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
pamparrju noun. 1 • one who gives quickly when asked. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and
Character.
2 • obedient to another. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character. See: yirni.
pampula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to touch something. Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • used to feel something. Category: Bodily Functions.
3 • used to manipulate for healing. Category: Bodily Functions, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
pampuru descriptor. 1 • blind. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
2 • poor vision. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
pampurula verb, transitive (la class). used to make blind. Category: Impact, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
pampururri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become blind or have impaired vision. Category: Stative
Verbs, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
pamuli noun. family. Category: People and Kinship.
Panaka noun. kinship section name. Panakalu manku Karimarra wanti. A man in the Panaka section will marry a woman in the Karimarra section. Category: People and Kinship, Names and Place Names,
Dreaming and Ceremony.
Panaka-Panaka noun. all the Panaka people. Category: People and Kinship, Names and Place Names,
Dreaming and Ceremony.
panaka-panaka noun. species of snake. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
Panapajpa noun. Barnabas. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
pangkapuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to split something in half. E.g. a log, game. Category: Impact,
Number and Quantity.
pangula verb, transitive (la class). used to carry an object on the head. Category: Holding and Transfer.
panijimunu noun. to punish another. From: English. Category: Impact.
panikinpa noun. 1 • cup. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • mug. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
panka noun. level ground. Category: Elements.
panku noun. hair. Category: Body Parts and Products.
pankuly-pankulypa descriptor. 1 • hairy. Category: State.
2 • woolly. Category: State.
panma noun. species of succulent plant. Both the plant and the seeds may be eaten. The plant is placed on the
hot ashes for cooking. Portulaca oleracea. Category: Plants.
panta interjection. 1 • oops! Category: Interjections.
2 • sorry! Category: Interjections.
3 • oh! Category: Interjections.
pantiji noun. bandage. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects, Healing Sickness and
Ailments.
pantimula verb, transitive (la class). used to bandage a wound. Category: Impact, Healing Sickness and
Ailments.
Pantinti noun. name of place (at Wiluna). Category: Names and Place Names.
pantupuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to brush off something. E.g. dust, ashes. Category: Impact.
panyalpa noun. moon. Category: Elements.
panyanyju descriptor. 1 • confident. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • strong. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • brave. Category: Mood and Character.
panyja noun. wad of tobacco. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
panyjarrpa descriptor. unreasonable. Panyjarrju pungkupayi. He kept hitting his wife for no apparent
reason. Category: Mood and Character.
panypura verb, transitive (Ø class). 1 • used to speak against. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to rubbish. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
papanyji noun. mulgara. Dasycerus cristicauda. Category: Animals.
papanymaru noun. species of lizard. Varanus panoptes. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
paparnarra noun. rabbit. Category: Animals.
papartu noun. older brother. A woman can call her yinkarni this term also. Category: People and Kinship.
papu noun. hollow. As a tree or log. Majuwartangka papungka kurrungu minguwa. The echidna went into
a big hollow log. Category: Plants, Elements.
parawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to play. Includes card playing. Parawa-pula! You two go play!
Parangkuni-ya. They are playing. Category: Motion.
-para noun suffix. characterising suffix. jinyjipara with fat all over it. kumpupara with urine on it.
parnapara dirty. pujurrpara with red ochre on it. kalyupara with water on it (like a shirt or piece of
paper). wurnapara covered with hair (like a blanket with dogs hair on it). Jiji jiinya kikipararringu. That child got faeces all over him. Category: State.
Paraji noun. Pharisee. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
Parajikaja noun. Pharisees. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
-paraku noun suffix. plural (more than two). Parangkuni-ya jijiparaku. The children are playing.
wantiparaku the women. Category: Number and Quantity.
Parapajpa noun. Barabbas. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
pararra noun. 1 • plains country. Category: Elements.
2 • barren country. Category: Elements.
parlala verb, transitive (la class). used to open something. Category: Impact.
Parlala-ngku kuru! phrase. Open your eyes!
parlanarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become disinclined toward something. Category: Vocalising
and Thought, Mood and Character.
parlanpa descriptor. 1 • dislike. Parlanpa-rnara jiiku. I don't like that one. Parlanju junu. He left it in
disgust. manner. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • disagreeable toward someone/something. Category: Mood and Character.
parlan-parlanpa descriptor. 1 • ignoring something. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • in a slow zigzag. Category: Manner and Posture.
parlanpayi noun. disagreeable person; one who doesn't like something. E.g. fighting. Category: People and
Kinship, Mood and Character.
parlanyju jurra verb, transitive (rra class). used to say something is bad against another. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
parlanypayi noun. those who dispise. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
parla-parla noun. species of lizard. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
parlila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to put pressure on something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to lean on something. Category: Impact.
3 • used to weigh down something. Category: Impact.
parlja descriptor. full stomach. Category: State, Food Cooking and Fire.
parljamala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to make satisfied (usually by feeding). Category: Impact, Food
Cooking and Fire.
parljarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get full. Category: Stative Verbs, Number and Quantity.
parlkarra noun. flat country. Category: Elements.
parlkarrayampajarangku phrase. on a different/another flat.
parlkarrayija noun. species of kangaroo. Category: Animals.
parlkurta noun. 1 • flood water. A really big amount of water. Category: Elements.
2 • running full (of creek). Category: Elements.
parlmala verb, intransitive (mala class). used to call out for someone. Parlmanu-lampa. He called out for us. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
parl-parljula verb, intransitive (jula class). used to flash. Category: Motion.
parlparri descriptor. all over the place. Category: Direction and Location.
parlpiny noun. species of acacia tree. This tree grows in spinifex country--a wattle shrub with edible seeds
eaten as paste. Acacia ancistrocarpa. Category: Plants.
parlpirr noun. species of acacia tree. This tree grows in spinifex country--a wattle shrub with edible seeds
eaten as paste. Acacia ancistrocarpa. Category: Plants.
Parlpuwa-ngku kuru phrase. Open your eyes!
parlti-parlti descriptor. hot. Category: State.
parna noun. 1 • ground. Category: Elements.
2 • earth. Category: Elements.
3 • dust. Category: Elements.
4 • sand. Category: Elements.
5 • country. Jurra parnangka. Put it on the ground. Category: Elements.
parna murntala verb, transitive (la class). used to take other's the land. Category: Impact.
parna yukurirri verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to be spring time. Category: Stative Verbs, Time.
parnajarrpa noun. species of lizard. Varanus gouldii. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
parnalyji noun. widow. Category: People and Kinship.
parnapara descriptor. dirty. Category: State.
parnaparnti noun. species of lizard. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
parnapuru descriptor. dusty. Can't see because of the dust. Category: State.
parnawana noun. along the ground. Category: Direction and Location.
-parni noun suffix. without. Privative suffix. Lit: without happiness. kurntaparni shameless/not shy.
pukurlparni sad. yirraparni toothless. marlpaparni lonely. yiniparni nameless. jurtaparni peaceful.
ngarntaparni well. Category: Number and Quantity.
parnka1 noun. rough ground. Category: Elements.
parnka2 noun. species of lizard. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
Parnngurrpa noun. Parnngurr. Category: Names and Place Names.
Parnpajinya noun. Parnpajinya. Near Newman. Category: Names and Place Names.
parn-parnpa noun. warm place. Sheltered from the wind of a cold day. Category: Elements.
parntalpa noun. species of grevillea tree. Grevillea nematophylla (?). Category: Plants.
parntanypa noun. old woman. Category: People and Kinship.
parnti noun. smell either good or bad. Category: Body Parts and Products.
parntila verb, transitive (la class). used to smell something. Category: Bodily Functions.
parntijula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to cause an odour. Category: Stative Verbs.
parntilkatiwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to smell the track (of an animal). Category: Bodily Functions.
parntingara verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to smell. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to give off an odour. Category: Stative Verbs. Gram: With -ngu in PAST headword.
parnti-parnti noun. smell. Category: Elements.
parntirrpa descriptor. good. Category: Value.
parntiyiki verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to smell. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to give off an odour. Category: Stative Verbs.
parntupuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to shake something out. Making sure nothing is left.
parntupungkuraku in order to shake everything out (e.g. of a swag). Category: Impact.
2 • used to clean something out. Making sure nothing is left. Category: Impact.
parnu-parnu descriptor. 1 • hot-tempered. A person who can't hold their feelings in. Category: Mood and
Character.
2 • shameless. Category: Mood and Character.
parra- prefix. 1 • around. Can occur as a prefix to a verb or before a pronominal suffix. Category: Direction
and Location, Direction and Location.
2 • about. Parra-ra nyawa! Look around for it! Parra-ra majarnu. He waited around for him.
Parra-ra ngurrilpayi. He was searching about for it. Parra-yanu. He went about. Parra-ya yanu.
They went about. Parra-nyinangu. He sat about. Parra-pinirrini-ya. They are running around.
Parra-kurirringu. It circled back. Parra-yarun. The boomerang comes right back. Category: Direction and Location.
parralaji descriptor. 1 • paralysed. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
2 • person who is too sick or sore to move. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State, People
and Kinship.
parralayiji descriptor. 1 • paralysed. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
2 • unable to move limbs. From: English. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
parra-muurrkati verb, transitive (Ø class). used to shift something about. Category: Holding and Transfer.
parrangkala verb, intransitive (rra/la class). used to fly. Category: Motion.
parrati verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to go around.
2 • used to walk around in no particular direction. Category: Motion.
parra-wayila verb, intransitive (la class). used to crawl about. Category: Motion.
parrayila verb, transitive (la class). used to chase around. Category: Motion.
parrila verb, transitive (la class). used to search for something. Parrila-ra! Look for it! Category: Motion. Gram:
Object of search is marked for dative case.
parriki noun. fence. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
parrinya particle. conjunction. Category: Particles.
parrjula verb, (rra/la class). 1 • used to be in flame. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • sun shining and causing a person to be happy about life. Category: Stative Verbs, Food Cooking
and Fire.
parrka noun. 1 • leaf. Lit: you were sitting among the leaves. Parrkapuru-n nyinapayi. You weren't even
born yet! Category: Plants.
2 • tea. Category: Plants.
3 • child. Possibly referring to a "spirit child". Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and
Ceremony.
parrmala verb, intransitive (mala class). used to flash (of lightning). Category: Motion.
parrpa noun. warm place. Sheltered from the wind. Category: Elements.
parrpakala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to fly. Category: Motion.
2 • used to take off (into the air). Category: Motion.
parrpakarra noun. the hot time. Category: Time.
parru-parru noun. netting wire. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
parrura-parrura noun. 1 • slow-learner. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • simple person. Category: People and Kinship.
-partarnu noun suffix. own relation (from the same family). Yakupartarnu-janampa. She is their own
mother. Mamapartarnu-ra. He is that man's own father. Kurtapartarnu-ra. He is that man's own
brother. Category: People and Kinship.
partu interjection. that's them! Partu! That's them! Category: Interjections.
-partu noun suffix. interrogative suffix. Nganapartu jiinya martu? What sort of person is that man? Category: Interrogatives.
partuka descriptor. 1 • separate. Category: Number and Quantity.
2 • apart. Category: Number and Quantity.
partumparra descriptor. separate. Category: Number and Quantity.
partumparrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to disperse. Used of people leaving a favourite camp
spot and returning to other places. Category: Motion.
partu-partula verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to charge ahead. Like a bull. Category: Motion.
2 • used to rush at something. Like a bull. Category: Motion.
paru noun. spinifex. Category: Plants.
parulyukurru noun. spinifex country. Category: Elements.
patalypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to crack something. E.g. an egg. Category: Impact.
patu noun. 1 • man. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • husband. Category: People and Kinship.
pawuji noun. wallet. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pawurla noun. fowl. Refers to domestic hens and roosters. Category: Birds.
payamula verb, transitive (la class). used to buy. Category: Holding and Transfer.
payila verb, transitive (la class). used to scold someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
-payi1 noun suffix. characterising suffix. mikupayi a person who is always jealous (miku jealous). wantipayi
a person who is always going after women (wanti woman). yakapayi a person who is always very
quiet (yaka quiet). wamapayi a person who drinks a lot (wama liquor). wirrilyipayi a person who is
often angry (wirrilyi anger). yiltapayi a person "addicted" to truth (yilta truth). munyjapayi a
generous person (munyja generous). yirnipayi a generous person (yirni loose). Category: Mood and
Character.
-payi2 verb suffix. was doing something. Past continuous tense. Yulapayi. He was crying. Wangkapayi-
ngkuya. They were asking for you. Nyinapayi-luya wantingka. They were sitting with the woman. Category: Time.
payijinpa noun. poison. From: English. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
payiki noun. bag sack. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
Payilatpa noun. Pilate. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
payingki noun. bank. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
payinpa descriptor. fine. Category: Value.
payinpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to turn something. E.g. cattle. Category: Holding and Transfer.
payippa descriptor. five. Category: Number and Quantity.
payipu descriptor. five. Category: Number and Quantity.
payitamula verb, transitive (la class). used to paint some object with paint. Category: Impact, Colour Pattern
and Texture.
-pi noun suffix. exclamatory suffix. Yaltapi! It is really cold! (yalta cold). Jurtapi! There's a fight! (jurta fight).
Piija noun. Peter. Category: Names and Place Names.
Piijani noun. Bethany. Category: Names and Place Names.
piijpa noun. fish. From: English. Category: Aquatic Creatures.
piila noun. pillow. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
piinpa noun. pen. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
piinyji noun. fence. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
piiny-piinypa noun. species of bird. This name is not used by some people at Jigalong because of the death
of a person with this name. Category: Birds.
piirlangkala verb, intransitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to glisten. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to shine in sun. Category: Stative Verbs.
piirl-piirlpa descriptor. 1 • white. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
2 • white soil. From claypan. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
piirl-piirlwanpa noun. white one. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
piirnpa noun. species of gecko. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
piitamula1 verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to beat another at a game. Category: Impact.
2 • used to win. Category: Impact.
piitamula2 verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to beat another at racing or in competition. From: English. Category: Impact.
piiti noun. bed. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
piitpa noun. bit for mouth of a horse. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal
Objects.
Pijiliyampa noun. Bethlehem. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
Pijiliyamu noun. Bethlehem. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
pijurriwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to turn back. Category: Motion.
pika descriptor. 1 • sick. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
2 • angry. Category: Mood and Character.
pikalya noun. 1 • savage animal. Category: Animals.
2 • dog that bites. Category: Animals.
3 • fighting person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
4 • lively person or animal. Category: People and Kinship.
pikalypa descriptor. healthy. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
pikapayi noun. 1 • trouble maker. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • person who often fights. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
pikarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get angry. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
pikinpawutu noun. baking powder. Originally added to plain flour for dampers. From: English. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
piki-piki noun. pig. From: English. Category: Animals.
pila noun. 1 • plain; valley. Category: Elements.
2 • flat country between hills. Category: Elements.
pilamapula verb, transitive (la class). used to fill with a liquid. From: English. Category: Holding and
Transfer, Number and Quantity. Gram: With -rnu in PAST headword.
pilamapurnu wanala verb, transitive (la class). used to fill up a number of containers. Category: Holding
and Transfer, Number and Quantity.
Pilappa noun. Philip. Category: Names and Place Names.
Pilapu noun. Philip. Category: Names and Place Names.
pilki descriptor. rotten. Category: State.
pilkirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to get rotten.
2 • used to become excreta. Describes food becoming excreta after going through the stomach. Category: Stative Verbs.
Pilurnnyuka noun. name of place. Site near Jigalong. This word is not being used at Jigalong at the present
time because of a death. People say Nyaparunyuka instead. Category: Names and Place Names.
pilurnpa noun. bird. Generic term. Because of a death, this word is not being used at Jigalong at present. Category: Birds.
pilurrpa noun. spirit (of a person). Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
Pilyangunya noun. name of place. Near Jigalong. Category: Names and Place Names.
pilyurrpa noun. promised spouse. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, People and Kinship.
pina noun. ear. Category: Body Parts and Products.
pinalkarra noun. 1 • person who pays attention to authority. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and
Character.
2 • clever person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
3 • one who remembers to pay his debts. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
pinarti noun. species of bean tree. It is found along the Oakover River to the northeast of Jigalong. The red
seeds are used for necklaces. The wood is used for shields. Erythrina vespertilio. Category: Plants.
pinga noun. ant. Generic term. Category: Insects.
pingkilypa noun. wooden dish. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pini verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to run. Category: Motion.
piniji noun. finish. Category: Direction and Location.
pini-pinirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to run. Used of a number of people. Category: Motion.
pinirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to run. Maa-laju pinirringu. We ran away from it. Parra-
pinirrini-ya. They are running about. Category: Motion.
Pinjimanpa noun. Benjamin. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
-pinti noun suffix. thing. Objectivising suffix. kalyupinti a thing of holding water. kurupinti eye-glasses
(kuru eye). wakalpinti a thing for spearing/writing/sewing (waka~ to spear).
Pintikajpa noun. Pentecost. Jewish ceremony. From: English. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names
and Place Names.
pintilyangkawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to crack and spill. E.g. an egg. Category: Impact.
pintilykawa verb, transitive (wa class). used to crack something. E.g. an egg. Category: Impact.
pintilypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to crack something. E.g. an egg. Category: Impact.
pintupi interjection. of course! Category: Interjections.
Pinturiji noun. name of place. A site north of Jigalong. Category: Names and Place Names.
pinyi noun. rubbish. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pinyi ngalku1 noun. pig. Category: Animals.
pinyi ngalku2 noun. crow. Category: Birds.
pinyijula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to rubbish another person. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
pinyingalku noun. pig. Category: Animals.
pinyi-pinyi noun. corpse. Category: Body Parts and Products.
pinyirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become irrelevant. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to become unnecessary. Category: Stative Verbs.
3 • used to become orphaned? Category: Stative Verbs.
4 • used to become rubbish. Category: Stative Verbs.
pipi1 noun. 1 • species of plant. This word is not used at Jigalong because of the death of a person with this
name. Category: Plants.
2 • species of seed food. Category: Plants.
pipi2 noun. 1 • breast milk. This word is not used at Jigalong because of the death of a person with this name. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • breast. Category: Body Parts and Products.
pipijarli noun. species of plant. This word is not used at Jigalong because of the death of persons with names
sounding like this word. Calandrina sp.. Category: Plants.
pipinyurra noun. 1 • mothers and aunties. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • women in generation above one's own. Category: People and Kinship.
pipiti descriptor. fifty. Category: Number and Quantity.
pipurru descriptor. 1 • fast. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • quickly. Category: Manner and Posture.
pira noun. resin. This dried sap is edible. This word is not used in the Jigalong area due to the death of a person with a name sounding like this word. Category: Elements, Plants.
pirijina noun. prisoner. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
pirljiwirnpa noun. species of plant. This is distinguished by Martu as different from pura as it grows on
stony lower slopes of hills. Solanum chippendalei. Category: Plants.
pirl-pirlpa descriptor. white. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
pirlpu noun. maggots. Category: Insects.
pirlpujula verb, transitive (jula class). used to lay maggots. Of a fly. Muungulu pirlpujunkuni. The fly is
laying maggots. Category: Impact.
pirni noun. shoulders. Jiji pirningka katipayi. She carried the child on her shoulders. Category: Body Parts
and Products.
pirninypa descriptor. rotten. Category: State.
pirnki noun. cave. Category: Elements.
pirnkila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to make a cave. Category: Impact.
2 • used to dig a cavelike hole. Category: Impact.
pirntarlpa noun. white meat of goanna. Category: Animals, Food Cooking and Fire.
pirntipuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to teach something. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to instruct someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
pirra-pirra descriptor. across. Category: Direction and Location.
-pirrayi noun suffix. suffix indicating respect or sympathy. Yumaripirrayi-ju. It is my dear mother-in-law.
Ngulyipirrayi-ra. It is her dear child (referring to a little girl's doll). yinipirrayi a term showing
respect for the name (yini) of someone.
pirrilyji noun. a dance (held in the camp). Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
pirrka descriptor. 1 • bold. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • brave. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • cheeky. Category: Mood and Character.
pirrkawanpa descriptor. 1 • bold. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • cheeky. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • savage person or animal. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
pirrkawarta noun. cheeky person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
Pirrkili noun. name of a claypan south of Punmu. Category: Names and Place Names.
pirrkiri noun. stick for cleaning seeds from fruit. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pirrpala verb, intransitive (la class). used to shine. Used of sun, moon, car lights. Category: Stative Verbs,
Colour Pattern and Texture.
pirrpilya noun. 1 • leaf. Category: Plants.
2 • leaves. Category: Plants.
3 • branch of tree. Category: Plants.
pirta verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to run. Category: Motion.
pirtapuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to chip something. E.g. stone. Category: Impact.
2 • used to deflect something (with shield). Category: Impact.
pirti noun. hole (in ground). Pirti-rna jawarnu. I dug a hole. Category: Elements.
-pirti noun suffix. 1 • like. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • resembles. Mamapirti palunya. He's no different to his father (he walks like him, his face
resembles his father's). Category: Manner and Posture.
pirtijula verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to heap up. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to put more and more things together in one place. Category: Holding and Transfer.
pirtirr-pirtirrpa 1 • noun. hot (weather). Category: Elements.
2 • descriptor. still (no movement of air). Category: State.
pirurrpa noun. species of lizard. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
piti noun. wooden dish. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pitulpa noun. petrol. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
piturrmala verb, transitive (mala class). used to stamp on something. Category: Impact.
piwi noun. species of owl. Category: Birds.
piyarrku noun. galah. This word is not used at Jigalong because of the death of a person with a similar-
sounding name. Cacatua roseicapilla. Category: Birds.
puwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to hit. Includes rain "hitting" a person when it falls. Lit: water hit me.
Pungkuningku-pula. Those two are fighting each other. Kalyulu-rni pungu. Rain fell on me. Category: Impact.
2 • used to kill. Maruntu-laju pungu. We killed a goanna. Category: Impact.
-pu suffix. exclamatory suffix. Pakalapu! Get up, I say!
pu~ derivational suffix (wa class). verbalising suffix. nintipungu to teach someone (ninti knowledge).
yarrpungu to tear something (yarrpa a tear).
pujarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to lose (a card-game term). Category: Vocalising and Thought.
pujikatu noun. 1 • pussy-cat. From: English. Category: Animals.
2 • clubs suit in cards. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pujimanpa noun. 1 • the nomadic period in the desert. Category: Time.
2 • desert dweller.
3 • person from the bush. Category: People and Kinship.
4 • the time in the bush. Category: Time.
5 • Aboriginal people who had not lived on settlements. From: English. Category: People and Kinship,
People and Kinship.
puju particle. 1 • if. Category: Particles.
2 • when. Category: Particles.
pujurrpa noun. red ochre. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Elements, Colour Pattern and Texture.
pujurrpara descriptor. covered with red ochre. Category: State, Colour Pattern and Texture.
-puka noun suffix. characterising suffix. nintipuka a clever person/a teacher (ninti knowledge). jinapuka
shoes (jina foot). Category: Mood and Character.
pukalyarra descriptor. great many. Category: Number and Quantity.
pukuji noun. flat thin wood. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pukuju noun. flat crate type wood. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pukunyarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become cautious. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
pukunyju descriptor. carefully. Category: Manner and Posture.
pukunymala verb, transitive (mala class). used to handle something carefully. Category: Holding and
Transfer.
pukunypa descriptor. 1 • careful. Pukunypa yarra! Be careful as you go! Category: Mood and Character.
2 • cautious. Category: Mood and Character.
pukurlarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become happy. Lit: my stomach became happy. Wirla-rna
pukurlarringu. My heart has become happy. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
pukurlmala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to cause happiness by an action. Category: Impact.
pukurlpa descriptor. 1 • happy. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • happiness. Category: Mood and Character.
pukurlparni descriptor. sad. Lit: without happiness. Category: Mood and Character.
pukurl-pukurlpa descriptor. very happy. Category: Mood and Character.
pukurra descriptor. dead. Category: State.
pukurrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to die. Category: Bodily Functions.
pukurti noun. 1 • stage of manhood. After initiation when hair is worn in a bun. Category: People and
Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • topknot. Category: Body Parts and Products.
pukurtijarra descriptor. possessing a topknot. Either a person or an animal or bird with a topknot. Category: State.
pula descriptor. 1 • quickly. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • fast. Category: Manner and Posture.
-pula pronoun suffix. they two; them (two). Used for 'you two' in giving orders or in respect relationships.
Yungu-ntapula. Those two gave it to you. Nyupararra-pula yanu. The married couple went.
Jiikujarralu-pula pungu marlu. These two killed a kangaroo. Yarra-pula! You two go! Yarra-pula! You (one) go! (use depends on kinship section of speaker and the person being spoken to). Category: Pronouns.
pulakamula verb, transitive (la class). used to block a person's way. Category: Impact.
pulakinpa noun. wine. From: English. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
-pulampa pronoun suffix. for them (two); theirs (two). Jijinga-pulampa nyinaku Milangka. The child of
that couple will be a person in the Milangka kinship section. Parra-majarnu-lajupulampa. We
waited around for those two. Category: Pronouns.
-pulampalura pronoun suffix. away from those two. Category: Pronouns.
-pulanya pronoun suffix. them (two); to them (two). Yuwa-pulanya mirrka jarntukujarra! Give those two
dogs some food! Nanpa-pulanya junku. He will put a hair-belt on those two. Category: Pronouns.
pulanykarti noun. blanket. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pulatwanpa noun. flat one. Category: Elements.
pulawa noun. flour. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
pulayiti noun. plate. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pulijimanu noun. policeman. Category: People and Kinship.
puliti noun. plate. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pulpayija noun. policeman. Category: People and Kinship.
pulpujula verb, transitive (jula class). used to cover something over (with a blanket). Category: Impact.
pulpu-pulpu descriptor. completely covered. Eg a person covering themselves with a blanket. Category: State.
pulpurru noun. limestone. Category: Elements.
puluku noun. bullock. From: English. Category: Animals.
puluwu noun. floor. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
pulyi noun. obligation to be met. Pulyi-rna manu. I got the repayment that was due to me. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
pulyku noun. 1 • tendon. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • sinew. Category: Body Parts and Products.
3 • vein. Category: Body Parts and Products.
pulykumala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to interfer with another's sinew. Probably from English 'got his
sinew'. Category: Impact.
pulypurrmala verb, transitive (mala class). used to pass wind. Category: Bodily Functions.
puna noun. dish. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
-punaja noun suffix. without. Privative suffix. Mirrkapunaja-ya miturringu. Without any food, they all died. Category: Number and Quantity.
pungkukijarringu phrase. to just about hit someone. Category: Impact.
pungkula kanyila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to bash a person around while keeping them. Category: Impact.
2 • used to constantly whip slaves. Category: Impact.
punkala verb, intransitive (la class). used to fall down. Punkalyjaku-n. You might fall! Kalyu punkarnu
mungajarra. Rain fell last night. Category: Motion.
punkajingala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to drop something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to knock something down (with a hit). Janyipungu-rna yilipilu punkajingarnu. I hit the camel with an axe and knocked it down. Category: Impact.
punkajula verb, transitive (la class). used to cause to fall. Category: Impact.
punka-punkala verb, intransitive (la class). many things or people fell down. Category: Motion. Gram: With -
rnu in PAST headword.
Punmu noun. Punmu. Category: Names and Place Names.
punpala verb, transitive (la class). used to heat. Category: Impact.
punparrju descriptor. 1 • brave. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • bold. Punparrju nyinani. He is boldly sitting there. Category: Mood and Character.
punparrmala verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to make confident. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
2 • used to make brave. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
punparrpa descriptor. 1 • brave. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • confident. Category: Mood and Character.
puntaji particle. 1 • in return. Category: Particles.
2 • in exchange. Category: Particles. See: puntaju; murnaji.
puntaju noun. 1 • exchange gift. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • reciprocal gift. Puntaju-rni yungu. He gave me a gift in return for something I had done. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
puntanypa descriptor. good. Category: Value.
punti noun. species of cassia tree. Cassia helmsii. Category: Plants.
puntu noun. 1 • man. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • Aborigine. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • person. Category: People and Kinship.
puntu yarnngaku marlpa noun. the Son of Man. Biblical context. Category: People and Kinship, Names and Place Names.
punturri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become a man. Describes an older boy who becomes a man by
ceremony. Category: Stative Verbs.
punyayi noun. relationship term. A relaxed relationship between people who would normally show greater
restraint, e.g., father-son. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, People and Kinship.
punyayi-punyayi noun. people in a punyayi relationship. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, People
and Kinship.
punyunarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to dry up; used to dry out. E.g. a water hole, clothes. Category: Stative Verbs.
punyunmala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to dry up water. Category: Stative Verbs.
punyunpa descriptor. dry. Category: State.
pupa verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to squat down. Category: Motion.
2 • used to bend over. Category: Motion.
pupati verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to squat down, off and on. Pupati! Squat down! Category: Motion.
pupu noun. older brother. Category: People and Kinship.
pura noun. bush tomato. Solanum chippendalei. Category: Plants.
puranta noun. brand or similar mark. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects, Colour
Pattern and Texture.
puranypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to rub something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to massage someone. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, Impact.
3 • used to brush away something. E.g. flies. Category: Impact.
purapuli descriptor. thoroughly. From: English. Category: Manner and Posture.
Purayiti noun. Friday. Category: Time.
puri noun. 1 • shade. Marlu nyinapayi puringka. The kangaroo was lying in the shade. Category: Elements.
2 • shadow. Category: Elements.
3 • shelter. Puri-laju palyarnu. We made a shade. Category: Elements.
-puri noun suffix. characterising suffix. kakarrapuri afternoon (fv:kakarra east, puri shadow). yapurrapuri
morning, about 8 a.m. (fv:yapurra west, puri shadow). Category: State. Gram: Related to puri shadow.
purijina noun. prisoner. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
purijula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to make a shade. Category: Impact.
purikarta descriptor. day's outing. Category: Time.
puringu noun. spring of water. Category: Elements.
purinyju descriptor. very carefully. Category: Manner and Posture. See: purrka; wanyu; walapunaja.
puritipulawa noun. flower. Generic term. Category: Plants.
puritpa noun. bread. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
purlara noun. flesh. Category: Body Parts and Products.
purli noun. 1 • stone. Category: Elements.
2 • hill. Category: Elements.
3 • coin. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
purlijirta noun. hailstones. Category: Elements.
purlikurrungka phrase. at a stony place; in rocky country.
purliyija noun. species of kangaroo. Category: Animals.
purlka descriptor. big. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
purlku noun. wad of tobacco. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
purltujala verb, transitive (la class). used to squirt out juice. As a grape between a person's fingers. Category: Motion.
purninpa Variant: purnunpa. noun. belongings. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
purntarlka noun. grasshoper. Category: Insects.
purntu noun. one who stands up for another. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
purntujula verb, transitive (jula class). used to take our side. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
purnturri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to stand up for someone. Purnturringu-rnangku. I stood up
for you. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to take over for someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
purnu noun. 1 • bush. Category: Plants.
2 • thicket. Category: Plants, Elements.
purnunpa Variant: purninpa. noun. 1 • belongings. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal
Objects.
2 • possessions. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
purnupuru noun. in the bushes. Category: Direction and Location.
purnuwana descriptor. along the beach. Category: Direction and Location.
-purra suffix. selective suffix. Kujupurralpi! That's all there is! (kuju one/only).
purrini-purrini descriptor. 1 • one after another. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • in turns. Category: Manner and Posture.
-purrja noun suffix. suffix indicating quantity. martupurrja a big mob of people (martu people).
maparnpurrja a powerful doctor (maparn Aboriginal doctor). Category: Number and Quantity.
purrka descriptor. slow. Category: Manner and Posture.
purrkara descriptor. carefully. Category: Manner and Posture.
-purru noun suffix. suffix indicating kinship section. Yaalupurru? What "colour" is he?, i.e., What kinship
section is he in? Category: People and Kinship.
purrungu noun. 1 • blossom. Category: Plants.
2 • flower. Generic term. Category: Plants.
purrunypa noun. hair. Category: Body Parts and Products.
purruyuru noun. species of snake. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
purtala verb, transitive (la class). used to miss something. That the a person was aiming at. Category: Impact.
purtilpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to brush off burnt fur (from an animal). Category: Impact, Food
Cooking and Fire.
purtipulawu noun. wild flowers; any flower. From: English. Category: Plants.
purtu particle. 1 • in vain. Category: Particles.
2 • unsuccessfully. Category: Particles.
3 • uselessly. Category: Particles.
4 • can't. Purtu-rna nyakuni. I can't see--although I'm trying to. Purtu pakarnu. He tried to get up, but couldn't. Category: Particles.
purtulypa descriptor. heavy. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
purturri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to try to do something, but fail. Category: Impact.
-puru noun suffix. characterising suffix. wartapuru among the trees (warta tree). purnupuru in the bushes
(purnu bush). yurnturrpuru cloudy (yurnturr cloud). yalipuru summertime (yali summer).
wantapuru wintertime (wanta winter). Category: State.
purujula verb, transitive (jula class). 1 • used to make sure of something. E.g., a gun when taking aim. Category: Impact.
2 • used to steady something. E.g. a gun when taking aim. Category: Holding and Transfer.
Purungu noun. kinship section name. Purungulu manku Milangka wanti. A man in the Purungu section
will marry a woman in the Milangka section. Category: People and Kinship, Names and Place
Names, Dreaming and Ceremony.
puta 1 • descriptor. bad. Category: Value.
2 • noun. pimple. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
3 • noun. wart. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
4 • noun. blemish. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
putala verb, transitive (la class). used to chop something. Category: Impact.
putaly-putalypa noun. 1 • bumps on skin. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and
Ailments.
2 • pimples. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
putamala verb, transitive (mala class). 1 • used to ruin something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to spoil something. Category: Impact.
putaputa descriptor. very bad. Category: Value.
putarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become bad. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to be ruined. Category: Stative Verbs.
putingu noun. Christmas pudding. A central part of Mission Christmas. Used as a year counting reference. From: English. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Time, Food Cooking and Fire.
putinypa noun. louse. Category: Insects.
puu descriptor. four. From: English. Category: Number and Quantity.
puula verb, (la class). used to blow air from mouth. Category: Bodily Functions.
puujala verb, transitive (la class). used to finish something. E.g. to eat the lot, to drink the lot. Category: Impact.
puukamu yaru noun. bow and arrow. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
puukuwana descriptor. descriptive of an expensive diamond. Category: Value.
Puulpa noun. Paul. Category: Names and Place Names.
puulpinti Variant: puyulpinti. noun. 1 • thing that you blow. Category: Artefacts Constructions and
Personal Objects.
2 • a trumpet. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
puunarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to be born. From: English. Category: Bodily Functions.
puupala noun. poor person. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
puupuka noun. species of frog. Category: Aquatic Creatures.
puuramula verb, transitive (la class). used to bore sample holes in the earth for mining samples. Category: Impact.
puurra noun. dry country without water holes. From: English. Category: Elements.
puutiyi descriptor. forty. Category: Number and Quantity.
puutpa noun. boat; ship. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
puutpulpa noun. football. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
puuyi noun. 1 • nephew. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • sister's son. Category: People and Kinship.
puwalyarr verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become dull; used to get dim. Category: Stative Verbs. Gram: With -ngu in PAST headword.
puwalypa descriptor. dull; not much light. Category: State.
puwarn-puwarnpa descriptor. exhausted from thirst. From all day without water. Category: State.
puyila verb, transitive (la class). used to have had too much of something. In need of rest-- can't take any more. Category: Stative Verbs.
puyu noun. smoke. Lit: smoke stands there. Puyu yikini nyarra. There is smoke over there. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
puyula verb, transitive (la class). used to blow on something. Category: Impact.
puyulpinti Variant: puulpinti. noun. a trumpet. Lit: a blowing thing. Category: Artefacts Constructions and
Personal Objects.
puyulyurru noun. 1 • hot season. Category: Time.
2 • heat haze. Category: Elements.
puyungara verb, (Ø class). column of smoke. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
R - r
-ra1 verb suffix. 1 • let's do something.
2 • ought to do something. Hortative suffix. Ngaangka-li nyinara puringka. Let's sit here in the shade.
-ra2 verb suffix. 1 • suffix indicating serial action. Category: Time.
2 • having done something. Category: Time.
3 • doing something. Lit: having scared it, he followed it. Pakara wanarnu. Having got up, he
followed it. Ngurlura wanarnu. He chased it. Wakara pinirringu. Having speared it, he ran.
wangkaramunu unable to speak (wangkara talking -munu reverser).
-ra3 pronoun suffix. 1 • for him. Majarninpa-ra. He is waiting for the man. Mirra-ra! Call out to him! Manku-
ran. You will get it for him.
2 • for her.
3 • for it. Ngurrila-ra! Search for it! Ninti-rnara. I know about it.
4 • his.
5 • hers.
6 • its. Category: Pronouns.
raakawa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to become daytime. Category: Stative Verbs, Time.
2 • used to dawn (the day). Category: Stative Verbs, Time.
3 • used to break (day). Category: Stative Verbs, Time.
raamala verb, intransitive (mala class). used to call out. As in a nightmare. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Sounds.
raangu descriptor. wrong. From: English. Category: Value.
raapamula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to rob. From: English. Category: Impact.
2 • used to be not only concerned with money. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
3 • used to take another's wife. Category: Impact.
4 • used to belong. Category: Stative Verbs.
raatirri verb, (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to be ready to go. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to prepare to go. Category: Stative Verbs.
raayala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to break up (clouds at dawn). Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to dawn. Category: Stative Verbs, Time.
raka descriptor. 1 • brave. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • tough person. Category: Mood and Character.
rakajarra noun. brave person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
Rakakaraningku-n! phrase. You think you're smart, don't you!
rakamarra verb, transitive (rra class). used to strengthen. Category: Impact. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
rakarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become insolent; used to get "smart". Category: Vocalising and
Thought, Mood and Character.
-raku verb suffix. 1 • for doing something.
2 • in order to do something. Suffix indicating purpose. Yanu-nta wangkaraku. He went to you in
order to talk. Kurrungu-ya nyinaraku. They went inside to sit down.
raku-raku noun. hollow. Category: Elements.
raku-rakurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become hollow. Category: Stative Verbs.
ralpurrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become uneasy. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood
and Character.
ralpurrpa descriptor. 1 • nervous. Maybe someone is watching. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • uneasy. Maybe someone is watching. Category: Mood and Character.
ralya descriptor. 1 • light. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • weak Can refer to weak statements or laws. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
ralyu-ralyu noun. lungs. Category: Body Parts and Products.
rangamala verb, intransitive (mala class). 1 • used to pant from exhaustion. After a fast run or a fight. Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • used to gasp for breath. After a fast run or a fight. Category: Bodily Functions.
rangkarriyarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to go around in circles. E.g. a fan, a windmill. Category: Motion.
rangkarrpa descriptor. invisible. Category: State.
ranpu descriptor. light weight. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
ranpula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to lighten something. Category: Impact, Size Shape and Weight.
2 • used to thin something down. Category: Impact, Size Shape and Weight.
ranpumala verb, transitive (mala class). used to make something lighter. Category: Impact, Size Shape and
Weight.
rantala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to illuminate. Category: Impact.
2 • used to cause a glow. Category: Impact.
rapanyju descriptor. very confident. Category: Mood and Character.
raparrku descriptor. 1 • swollen. Category: State.
2 • bloated. Category: State.
raparrkurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become swollen/bloated.
2 • used to be pregnant. Category: Stative Verbs.
rapiji descriptor. rubbish used in a disparaging way to discribe a person. Category: Value.
-rarra noun suffix. coupling suffix. nyamurarra a grandfather and a grandchild. nyupararra a married couple
(nyupa spouse). jurturarra two sisters. mamararra a father and his child.
rarr-rarrpa noun. scraping noise. Like mice feet or flat tyre. Category: Sounds.
rarru descriptor. 1 • hot. Category: State.
2 • angry. Category: Mood and Character.
rarrurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become hot. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to become angry. Category: Stative Verbs.
rawa descriptor. long time. Kanyilku-n rawalungulyu. Keep it there for a long time. Category: Time.
rawapunaja descriptor. shortly; soon. Rawa a long time. Category: Time.
rawu-rawu descriptor. dried up. Of leaves, flowers with nectar. Category: State.
rayiki noun. rag. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects. See: kuluju; kulujpa; wara;
wararri.
rayipulpa noun. rifle. From: English. Rayipulpa-laju kangkupayi. We were taking a rifle with us. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
rayiti descriptor. 1 • to be ready. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • to be prepared. Category: Manner and Posture.
riiji noun. race. Category: Motion.
riilymala verb, intransitive (mala class). used to make rustling sound. As of leaves. Category: Sounds,
Vocalising and Thought.
riingu noun. 1 • ring. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • bangle. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
riitamula verb, transitive (mula class). used to read something. From: English. Category: Vocalising and
Thought.
riitamurri verb, (Ø+wa class). used to read. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
rikirrmala verb, intransitive (mala class). used to make hitting sound. As of weapon hitting its target. Category: Impact, Sounds.
rinyngumala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to make room. Category: Impact.
riripuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to shake a firestick. Jangi riripuwa! Shake the firestick! Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
riwi-riwipuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to twirl something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
-rna pronoun suffix. I. Lit: I (am) unknowing. Manu-rna kurlarta. I got a spear. Mara-rnaju katupungu. I
cut my hand. Ngurrpa-rna. I don't know. Pungu-rnajananya. I killed them. Category: Pronouns.
-rni1 verb suffix. is doing something. Present tense. Majarni-ra. He is waiting for the man. Wakarningku-
pula. Those two are spearing each other. Jikirni-ya kalyu. They are drinking water. Category: Time.
-rni2 pronoun suffix. 1 • me. Lit: sun speared me. Mirta-rni pajarnu. He didn't bite me. Jirntulu-rni wakarnu. The sun burnt me.
2 • to me. Yarra-rni! Come to me!
3 • on me. Lit: water hit me. Kalyulu-rni pungu. It rained on me.
4 • with me. Category: Pronouns.
-rni3 suffix. toward the speaker. Lit: they came to my forehead. Ngalyarni-ya yanu. They came here. Category: Direction and Location.
-rninpa verb suffix. is doing something. Present tense. Jawarninpa. He is digging it. Jila pirtijanu
pakarninpa. The snake is coming out of the hole. Wajarninpa-rna ngayulu! I say so! Category: Time.
-rninti noun suffix. characterising suffix. From ninti knowledge. Lit: a water-knower, kalyu water.
ngurlurninti a person familiar with sacred things (ngurlu fear/sacred). kukarninti a hunting dog
(kuka meat/game). kalyurninti a countryman. Category: Mood and Character.
-rnta~ verb suffix. causative. Verbalising suffix. miturntarnu to made something dead (mitu dead).
yikurntarnu to recognise someone (yiku face).
-rnu verb suffix. did something. Past tense. Warta takarnu. It climbed a tree. Wartajanu punkarnu. He fell
from the tree. Walykurnu-rna. I spoiled it. Wakarnu-jananya. He speared them. Category: Time.
-rra1 suffix. directional suffix. kayilirra toward the north (kayili north). yulparirra toward the south (yulpari south). Category: Direction and Location.
-rra2 noun suffix. coupling suffix. kamururra an uncle and nephew (kamuru uncle).
-rra3 verb suffix. do something! Imperative tense. Jurra! Leave it alone! Marra! Get it! Yarra-ya! Go away--all
of you!
-rra4 verb suffix. used to do something. Past habituative. Yarra-laju nyarra. We used to go there. Category: Time.
-rrany suffix. through. Yanurranypa. He went through it (e.g., the gate). Manurranypa. He picked it up as he
went past. Yungurranypa-ra. He gave it to her as he passed her. Category: Direction and Location. Gram: Attaches to verb after the inflectional suffix.
-rri~ derivational suffix. 1 • become something.
2 • get something. Verbalising suffix. nintirringu to learn about something (ninti knowledge).
kunyalarringu to go to sleep (kunyala sleep). pilkirringu to get rotten (pilku rotten). pukurlarringu
to become happy (pukurlpa happy). Gram: Attaches to a nominal ending in a vowel. Gram: Another suffix
with the same meaning: -arri (used after a nominal ending in a consonant)
-rta1 noun suffix. 1 • at. maparnta at the maparn (doctor).
2 • in.
3 • on. tikirlta on the dry one. Category: Direction and Location. Gram: Some speakers use this suffix
after words ending in rl or rn. Gram: (after words ending in a vowel) Gram: (some speakers use this suffix after all words ending in a consonant; others use it after ly, ny or rr) Gram: (some speakers use this suffix after words ending in l or n)
-rta2 suffix. warning suffix. Pajalkurta! It might bite!
-rta3 suffix. emphatic suffix. Yumurta! It's really nothing! (yumu nothing). Nyunturta! You're the one!
(nyuntu you).
-rti noun suffix. particularising suffix. Mamarti! Daddy! (mama father).
-rtin noun suffix. suffix indicating plural. nyunturtin all of you; you (plural) (nyuntu you (singular)).
nyarrartin all of those over there (nyarra there (distant)). Ngayurtinju-laju pungu. We are the ones who hit it. Category: Number and Quantity.
-rtu1 noun suffix. ergative case suffix. Maparntu pungu. The maparn (doctor) hit him. Gram: Some speakers
use this suffix after words ending in rl or rn. Gram: after words ending in a vowel) Gram: some speakers use this suffix after all words ending in a consonant; others used it after words ending in ly, ny or rr) Gram: some speakers use this suffix after words ending in l or n)
-rtu2 noun suffix. to; toward. Wanyjartu-n? Where are you going? ngurrartu to camp. Category: Direction
and Location.
-rtu3 noun suffix. emphatic suffix. Yiltartu! It's really true! (yilta truth).
-rtuka noun suffix. emphatic suffix. Yumurtuka! It's really nothing! (yumu nothing). Nyamurtuka! That's all
there is! (nyamu enough). jiirtuka a discourse connective indicating sequence.
ruka noun. late afternoon. Category: Time.
ruka-ruka noun. evening; very late afternoon. Later than ruka. Category: Time.
rulumapila verb, transitive (la class). used to roll up a swag or blanket. Category: Impact.
rulypu noun. fat animal. Category: Animals.
runngu noun. smooth surface. Category: Elements.
runngula verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to smooth out something. Category: Impact, Colour Pattern and
Texture.
2 • used to level ground for camp. Category: Impact.
runyu descriptor. soft. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
runyula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to grind. Category: Impact.
2 • used to mix. Category: Impact.
runyurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get soft. Category: Stative Verbs, Colour Pattern and Texture.
-rurru noun suffix. characterising suffix. turntururru hilly/small rises of ground. kujururru in one mob (kuju
one). Category: State.
rurrupuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to rub something off. Category: Impact.
rurru-rurrupuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to rub off lots of things. Category: Impact.
ruu noun. 1 • imagination (how something might appear). Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • examination (to see if something is OK). Nyaku-ran nyarra ruu. Yaaluwa? Look at that one to see if it is O.K. How is it? Category: Vocalising and Thought.
ruuja noun. rooster. Category: Birds.
ruulamula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to roll an object. From: English. Category: Impact.
ruulumula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to roll an object. Category: Impact.
Ruumanpa noun. Roman citizen. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
ruumuparni noun. no room. From: English. Category: Number and Quantity.
ruuppa noun. rope. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
ruupu noun. rope. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
ruurrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to rub grain filled husks to obtain grain. Category: Impact, Food
Cooking and Fire.
ruutu noun. road. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
T - t
-ta noun suffix. 1 • on.
2 • in. kuranta in his ear (kuran ear). Nyumanta in Newman (Nyuman Newman).
3 • at. Category: Direction and Location. Gram: Some speakers use this suffix after words ending in l or n. Gram: (after words ending in a vowel) Gram: (some speakers use this suffix after all words ending in a
consonant; others used it after words ending in ly, ny or rr) Gram: (some speakers use this suffix after words ending in rl or rn)
taalpala verb, (la class). 1 • used to burst. Category: Impact.
2 • used to explode. Category: Impact.
taampajula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to place a damper on the ground or table to cool after cooking. Category: Holding and Transfer, Food Cooking and Fire.
taanjirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to dance. From: English. Category: Motion.
taapari noun. spider. Category: Insects.
taarru noun. big fire. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
taaya noun. tyre. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
taju-taju descriptor. 1 • unsure. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • uncertain. Taju-taju-rnara jiiku wangkaku. I'm not too sure about that word. Category: Mood
and Character.
taju-tajurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become uncertain. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Mood and Character.
takala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to climb. Category: Motion.
2 • used to get on board something. E.g. truck, car, boat, airplane. Category: Motion.
takajula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to place an object on another. Category: Holding and Transfer.
takarnpa descriptor. 1 • skinny. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • thin. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
takurljunu noun. to insert object in to a container. Category: Holding and Transfer.
takurru noun. dip in the road. Category: Elements.
tala noun. dollar. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
tali noun. sandhill. Category: Elements.
talypirrngari noun. species of lizard. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
Tamajpa noun. Thomas. Category: Names and Place Names.
tampirrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to break a damper. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
tangkarra descriptor. 1 • squatting position. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • sitting on heels. Category: Manner and Posture.
tangki noun. donkey. From: English. Category: Animals.
tangkurrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to break a blockage. E.g. the breaking of a dam. Category: Impact.
2 • used to unplug a blockage. Category: Impact.
tapayiki verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to be stuck on something. Like chewing gum. Category: Stative
Verbs.
tapurrja descriptor. in the hole. Category: Direction and Location.
tapurrpa noun. hole. Category: Elements.
tapurrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to make a hole in something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to make a bore. Category: Impact.
tapurrwana descriptor. through the hole. Category: Direction and Location.
tapurryarra verb, transitive (rra class). used to make a hole in something. Wakarnu-rna tapurryanu
wartangka. I poked it and made a hole in the wood. Category: Impact.
tarl noun. bang; loud noise. Category: Sounds.
tarlka-tarlka noun. barb of spear carved into the wood. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal
Objects.
tarlku noun. barb of spear tied onto the spear. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
tarlpala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to explode. E.g. a stone in a fire. Category: Motion.
2 • used to blow out. E.g. a tyre. Category: Motion.
3 • used to emerge. E.g. a goanna emerging from a hole after hibernation; a man emerging from a house. Category: Motion.
tarlparlmarta noun. 1 • gun. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • rifle. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
tarl-tarlkaja noun. lots of loud bangs. Category: Sounds.
tarnamula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to turn some object. Category: Holding and Transfer.
tarnpa noun. native cat. Category: Animals.
tarn-tarnpa noun. nape of the neck. Category: Body Parts and Products.
tarrirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to fork (of a windmill). Category: Motion.
2 • used to dry up (water supply). Category: Stative Verbs.
tarrjarnpa noun. marble tree. Category: Plants.
tarrka noun. 1 • bone. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • leg bone. Category: Body Parts and Products.
tarrkala verb, intransitive (la class). used to become skinny. Only bones--no meat left on. Category: Stative
Verbs, Size Shape and Weight.
tarrkaru noun. species of waterbird. Category: Birds.
tarrki noun. bush turkey or bustard. Category: Birds.
tarrkula verb, transitive (la class). used to stare at someone. Category: Bodily Functions.
tarruku descriptor. sacred. Category: Value, Dreaming and Ceremony.
tarrunpa noun. edible gall. From mulga tree. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, Plants.
tarrwarniwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to stab with a stick. Category: Impact.
tarta noun. 1 • heel. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • back area of a foot or shoe. Category: Body Parts and Products.
tartaljanu descriptor. from the bank of the creek. Category: Direction and Location.
tartalpa noun. 1 • side of creek. Category: Elements.
2 • bank of creek. Category: Elements.
tartapuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to giggle. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
tartayulu noun. species of lizard. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
tati noun. 1 • daddy. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • father. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
tatila verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to climb. Category: Motion.
2 • used to get on board something. E.g., car, truck, airplane, boat. Category: Motion.
tatijula verb, transitive (la class). used to cause an animal to climb. Category: Impact.
tatiwarrala verb, intransitive (la class). used to jump up. Category: Motion.
tawu noun. spear. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
tawulpa noun. towel. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
tawunpa noun. town. Any settlement or town with European type buildings. Category: Artefacts
Constructions and Personal Objects.
tawunpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to sever completely. Category: Impact.
2 • used to cut off. Category: Impact.
tawun-tawunpa noun. reminder of dead relation. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, People and
Kinship.
tawunu noun. 1 • town. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • chiefly a community of white people. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
tayimapula verb, transitive (la class). used to tie something with a rope or binding. Category: Impact.
tayimpa noun. time. Category: Time.
tayimu noun. particular time at which an event occured. Category: Time.
tayimunpa noun. diamond; diamond. Category: Elements.
Tayipitpa noun. David. Category: Names and Place Names.
-ti~ suffix. intermittent action. Periodic suffix. Tiputingu. He got down (with starts and stops). Nyinatingu.
He sat down (with starts and stops). Yankutipayi. He was going along (but with starts and stops). Gram: Attaches to verb stem.
tii noun. tea. From: English. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
tiijanpa noun. cattle station. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
tiiji noun. dish. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
tiilyjala verb, transitive (la class). used to pinch someone. Category: Impact.
tiilymala verb, intransitive (la class). cracking noise when breaking a stick. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Sounds.
tiilywangka verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to make a crackling sound. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Sounds.
tiinpa noun. tent. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
tiipa noun. ant hill. Category: Elements.
tiipulpa noun. table. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
tiirru noun. spark. Category: Elements.
tijilpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to beat time with boomerangs. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony,
Sounds, Impact.
tikamatula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to undo shoes. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to take clothes off. Probably English take him out. Category: Holding and Transfer.
tikirlarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get dry/used to dry out. Category: Stative Verbs.
tikirlmala verb, (la class). used to dry. The sun is usually the agent. Category: Stative Verbs.
tikirlpa descriptor. dry. Category: State.
tikukala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to get down from something. Category: Motion.
2 • used to descend. Category: Motion.
tili noun. flame. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
tilila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to light a fire. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • used to ignite something. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
tilingara verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to be alight. Describes a fire flame or other visible light. Category: Stative Verbs, Food Cooking and Fire.
tilkirrmala verb, transitive (mala class). used to make a clicking noise. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Sounds.
tilti noun. species of lizard. Varanus giganteus. Category: Reptiles and Snakes.
tilykirrmala verb, intransitive (la class). clicking or rattling noise. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds,
Sounds.
tilykuru noun. 1 • calm weather. Category: Elements.
2 • still, no wind. Category: Elements.
tilypu noun. mother. Category: People and Kinship.
timpirirripuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to rattle boomerangs together. Category: Dreaming and
Ceremony, Sounds, Impact.
tina noun. dinner. From: Food and Cooking. Category: Elements.
tinamiti noun. tin of meat. From: English. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
Tingarri noun. sacred series of ceremonies. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
tingki descriptor. 1 • slanted. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • wedge-shaped. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
3 • pinched in. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
4 • thin wedge. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
tingkila verb, transitive (la class). used to chop a wedge. E.g. in a tree, like this: >. Category: Impact.
tingku noun. dingo. Category: Animals.
tinkila verb, transitive (la class). used to surround. Category: Motion.
tinkijurra verb, transitive (rra class). 1 • used to couple. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to buckle a belt. Category: Holding and Transfer. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
tinyjila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to tie two things together. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to join two things. Category: Holding and Transfer.
tipinyjarra descriptor. with a tipiny stick in place. Category: Manner and Posture.
tipinyjula verb, transitive (jula class). used to close up stomach incision. Of game after removal of intestines. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
tipinypa noun. stick for closing stomach of game. After removal of intestines. Category: Artefacts
Constructions and Personal Objects.
tipinypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to close up stomach incision. Of game after removal of intestines. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
tipujula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to put down. Category: Holding and Transfer.
tipukala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to get down from something. Category: Motion.
2 • used to descend. Category: Motion.
tiputi verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to get down from something. Category: Motion.
2 • used to descend. Category: Motion.
tirnu descriptor. 1 • wadded up. Category: State.
2 • closed up. Category: State.
tirnula verb, transitive (la class). used to wad up something. E.g. dough. Category: Impact.
tirrijula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to cause another to descend. Category: Motion.
tirriti verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to get down from something. Category: Motion.
2 • used to descend. Category: Motion.
tirritipuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to tremble. Category: Motion.
2 • used to shake. Category: Motion.
tirtila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to poke someone. Category: Impact.
2 • used to tease someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
tititipuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to shiver. Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • used to tremble. Category: Bodily Functions.
tiwa descriptor. 1 • long way. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • far away. Category: Direction and Location.
tiwily-tiwilypa noun. mudlark. Grallina cyanoleuca. Category: Birds.
-tu noun suffix. ergative case marker. Jilamantu. He did it with a gun. Gram: May follow words ending in l or n. Gram: used after words ending in a vowel Gram: some speakers use this suffix after any word ending in a consonant; others use it after words ending in ly, ny or rr Gram: some speakers use this suffix after words ending in rl or rn)
tuju noun. 1 • woman. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • wife. Depends on the relationship of the speaker to the woman being spoken about. Category: People and Kinship.
tujurrpa noun. sound of a thud. As a blow from a hitting stick. Category: Sounds.
tujurrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to make a thudding sound. As from a blow with a hitting stick. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
tukikala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to get down from something. Category: Motion.
2 • used to descend. Category: Motion.
tukulku descriptor. 1 • good. Category: Value.
2 • proper. Tukulku nyinati! Sit down straight and proper! Category: Value.
tukunypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to break off. Category: Impact.
tulparra noun. early summer. The growing season. Category: Time.
tumaji descriptor. too much. Category: Manner and Posture. Gram: Introduces a reason for the previous statement.
tumalpuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to hibernate. Category: Bodily Functions.
tungkurrka verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to tear. Category: Impact.
2 • used to rip. Used of a bag or cloth ripping with a load when it is old. Category: Impact.
tungkurrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to yank out hair from someone. Category: Impact.
2 • used to pull hair out. Category: Impact.
tungun-tungunpa noun. encouraging words. wirla tungun-tungunpa one who speaks in a way that
makes everyone feel good-- they will say, "That's a good word!" Category: Vocalising and Thought.
tunmurlyarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to limp along following an injury. Category: Motion, Healing
Sickness and Ailments.
tupaka noun. tobacco. From: English. Category: Plants.
tupirrkati verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to peel off (like sores). Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to flake off (like sores). Category: Stative Verbs.
tupirr-tupirrpa descriptor. 1 • flaking (as skin). Category: State.
2 • peeling off (as skin). Category: State.
tupiti verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to get down from something. Category: Motion.
2 • used to descend. Category: Motion.
tupukala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to get down from something. Category: Motion.
2 • used to descend. Category: Motion.
tupulyjula Variant: tupurljula. verb, transitive (jula class). used to dip something in something. Category: Impact.
tupulyjurra Variant: tupurljurra. verb, transitive (rra class). used to insert into water. Category: Holding and
Transfer.
tupurljurra Variant: tupulyjurra. verb, transitive (rra class). used to insert into water. Category: Holding and
Transfer. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
turaka noun. truck. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
turampu noun. drum for flour or fuel. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
turangkarri verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to be drunk. Category: Stative Verbs.
turayinamula verb, (la class). used to train particularly for football. Category: Stative Verbs.
turila noun. chariot or horse drawn wagon. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
turilpa noun. mine sample drill. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
turingu noun. string. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
turitpala descriptor. straight. Size and Shape and Weight.
turli-turli descriptor. 1 • twisted. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • crooked. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
3 • curly (as hair). Category: Size Shape and Weight.
turlku noun. song. Lit: get a song. Yinkarnu-ya turlku. They sang a song. Turlku marra! Sing a song!
Yilarnu turlku. He sang a song. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Sounds, Vocalising and
Thought.
turlku yilala verb, transitive (la class). used to sing a song. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Sounds,
Vocalising and Thought.
turlkukarra noun. song time. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Sounds, Vocalising and Thought.
turlwangka verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to snap in two. Category: Impact.
turn-turnmarta noun. species of parrot. Category: Birds.
turn-turnpa noun. young girl. Category: People and Kinship.
turntururru noun. hilly place. Category: Elements.
turrkulangkawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to bounce off ground. E.g. a boomerang. Category: Motion.
turrku-turrku noun. lump. nyuru turrku-turrku a lump in the stomach. Category: Body Parts and
Products, Size Shape and Weight.
turrku-turrkurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get a lump. Category: Stative Verbs.
turru noun. bird. Generic term. Category: Birds.
tututula verb, intransitive (la class). used to make engine noise. Of a car. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Sounds.
tuu descriptor. two. From: English. Category: Number and Quantity.
tuulyala verb, transitive (la class). used to wrestle with someone. Category: Impact.
tuumaya noun. store. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
tuunjula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to bury. Category: Holding and Transfer.
tuunyiki verb, transitive (Ø class). used to cover with dirt. Category: Impact.
tuunyjula verb, transitive (jula class). used to bury something. E.g. a body, a bone. Category: Holding and
Transfer.
Tuupakatayi noun. Wednesday. Category: Time.
tuuri noun. story. From: English. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
tuurnngurlwangka verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to make a noise. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Sounds.
2 • the noise of a boomerang after it bounces off the ground. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Sounds.
tuuwa noun. store. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
tuuwamaya noun. store. Lit: store + house. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal
Objects.
tuwa noun. sandhill. Category: Elements.
tuwalpa descriptor. twelve. Category: Number and Quantity.
tuwintipuu descriptor. twenty four. Category: Number and Quantity.
tuwu noun. door. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
U - u
ula verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to cry. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds. Phon: This is one of the
few words recorded with an initial vowel.
umari noun. 1 • mother-in-law. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • son-in-law. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • father's sister (avoidance relationship). This is one of the few words recorded with an initial vowel. Category: People and Kinship.
upalpa descriptor. few. This is one of the few words recorded with an initial vowel. Category: Number and
Quantity.
W - w
-wa1 suffix. question. Interrogative suffix. Nganawa? What can it be? (ngana what). Category: Interrogatives.
-wa2 verb suffix. do something! Imperative Tense. Warniwa-rni! Throw it to me! Puwa-jananya! Kill them!
Yuwa-ra! Give it to him! Kurtiwa-ya! All of you let him go! Kawa-rnipula! You two bring it to me!
Nyawa-ra! Look at it! Kukurriwa! Hide! Maa-pinirriwa! Run away from here! Gram: May optionally
be used following the -rri suffix.
-wa3 verb suffix. used to do something. Past habituative tense. Julyju-laju puwa mala. Long ago we used to
kill mala (a kind of wallaby). Purtu-laju parlanyarriwa. It didn't matter that we used to dislike it [school]. Category: Time.
waajamula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to wash. Category: Impact.
waaku noun. crow. Category: Birds.
waarr-waarrpa noun. quick acting person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
wajala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to say something. Minyirrju wajarnu. He said it with great
seriousness. Wajarnu-ju, "Kalyu nyarra ngarrini." He said to me, "There is water lying there."
Wajarnu-rnara, "Kurlu-rna mutuka yikijulkura yirrirringka." I said to him, "Later Ill park the car
on the edge of the bank." Wajarnu-rnajananya, "Nyawa! Kawajawalpa-rna wakarnu." I said to
them, "Hey! I have speared a camel!" Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to tell someone something. Wajalku-ran, "Mirta-n jikila jiinya!" Tell him, "Don't drink
that!" Wajarnu-ju wartuyikiraku-rna. He told me to lie face down. Wajarnu-rnalu, "Jila-rni
takalpayi!" I told him, "A snake has been climbing on me!" Purtu-rnara wajarnu junkuraku. In
vain I told him to leave it alone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wajamula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to wash something. Category: Impact.
wajara wanala verb, transitive (la class). used to speak an extended discourse. Category: Vocalising and
Thought.
wajarnu wangkangu kujupawana phrase. to speak along a different line. Essentially introducing new
theme material.
wajarnu yuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to give orders. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wajirra noun. 1 • cousin. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • man's wife's brother. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • brother-in-law. Category: People and Kinship.
4 • woman's brother's wife. Category: People and Kinship.
wakala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to spear something. Lit: speared me. Marlu wakarnu puntulu. The
man speared the kangaroo. Jirntulu-rni wakarnu. The sun burned me. Category: Impact.
2 • used to write something. Category: Impact.
3 • used to sew something. Category: Impact.
4 • used to inject with a needle. Category: Impact.
5 • used to stab something. Category: Impact.
-wakara noun suffix. to; toward. jiiwakara along there. nyarrawakara along there (distant). karruwakara along the creek. Category: Direction and Location.
-waki noun suffix. directional suffix. jiiwaki along there. Category: Direction and Location.
wakilypirri noun. emu. Dromaius novae-hollandiae. Category: Birds.
wakura noun. upper grinding stone. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects, Food
Cooking and Fire.
wakuwarta descriptor. skillful. At throwing boomerangs. Category: Mood and Character.
wala descriptor. 1 • fast. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • quickly. Category: Manner and Posture.
walala verb, transitive (la class). used to ask someone to accompany a person. Walarnu. He asked him to go with him. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
walajurra verb, transitive (rra class). used to set free. Category: Holding and Transfer. Gram: With -nu in PAST
headword.
walakupilyangka verb, transitive (unclassed). turned something quickly. Category: Holding and Transfer. Gram: With -ngka in PAST headword.
walakurlukurlu descriptor. on the run. E.g. a man spearing a kangaroo while the man is on the run. Category: Manner and Posture.
walamala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to speed up to hurry another. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
walapunaja descriptor. slow. Lit: without fastness. Category: Manner and Posture.
walarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to hurry. Category: Motion.
Wala-walangu noun. name of men's business ceremony. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and
Place Names.
walawarta noun. fast runner. Category: People and Kinship.
walka noun. 1 • identifying mark of a person. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture, Body Parts and
Products.
2 • decorative marks. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture, Body Parts and Products, Dreaming
and Ceremony.
3 • design. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Colour Pattern and Texture.
walkajula verb, transitive (jula class). 1 • used to paint something. Category: Impact, Colour Pattern and
Texture.
2 • used to decorate something. Category: Impact, Colour Pattern and Texture.
walyja noun. 1 • oneself. Pungu-rnaju walyjalu. I hit myself--no one else did it. Category: People and
Kinship.
2 • self. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • person's own property. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
walyjajanu phrase. person's own fault. Lit: from oneself.
walyjajarra noun. owner. Category: People and Kinship.
walyjamala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to make into relatives. Category: Impact.
walyjamarri noun. person's own relations; his or her own people; people from the same yinta (waterhole). Category: People and Kinship.
walyji noun. river gum. Eucalyptus sp.. Category: Plants.
walyku descriptor. bad. Category: Value.
walykula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to do a bad thing. Category: Impact.
2 • used to ruin something. Category: Impact.
walykukaja noun. 1 • sin. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • wrong doing against the laws of God. Biblical context. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
walykumarra verb, transitive (rra class). used to make bad. Category: Impact. Gram: With -nu in PAST
headword.
walykurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to get bad. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to spoil. Category: Stative Verbs.
3 • used to get worse. Category: Stative Verbs.
walykuwanpa noun. 1 • bad one. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • bad person or thing. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
walypala noun. 1 • whitefellow. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • European. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
walytaki noun. fox. Possibly from English "wild doggy". Category: Animals.
wama noun. 1 • nectar. From wild flowers. Category: Plants.
2 • tobacco. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
3 • alcoholic drinks. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
wamajanu descriptor. from drinking alcohol. Category: State.
wamapayi noun. person addicted to alcohol. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
wamparla noun. stranger. Category: People and Kinship.
wamparu noun. one who persists under hard circumstances, against bogging fire flood water etc. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
wampipuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to make a sign. Nyaku-n wampipungunyja parna yarrpa. You
will see where the wild potato is from the way the ground is split. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wampurnpa noun. container. E.g. billycan; a Southern word. Category: Artefacts Constructions and
Personal Objects.
wamumpu noun. large ground of people. Category: People and Kinship.
wamurla noun. species of edible plant. Solanum divesiflorum. Category: Plants.
wana noun. digging stick. Jawarnu pirti wanakurlulu. She dug the hole with a digging stick. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wanala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to follow something. Wanarnu-lajujananya. We followed them. Category: Motion.
2 • used to go along. Used in combination with another verb. Ngarrijunku-njananya wanalku. You
will place them all along the ground. Jawara-n wanalku. You will dig about there at that spot. Category: Motion.
-wana noun suffix. along. karruwana along the creek. tapurrwana along the hole. purnuwana along the
thicket. yiwarrawana along the path. Category: Direction and Location.
wanajarra noun. woman. Lit: digging stick possessing. Category: People and Kinship.
wanalpa noun. root. Category: Plants.
wangalju yungkala verb, (la class). used to blow. Used of the wind blowing with force. Category: Impact.
wangalpa noun. wind. Category: Elements.
wanganypa descriptor. 1 • pretty (of a person). Category: Value.
2 • attractive (of a person). Category: Value.
wangka verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to talk to someone. Wangkapayi-rnalu murtilyangka. I was
talking to the little boy. Yaalypa wangkani. He is whispering. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram: Object is marked with locative suffix.
2 • used to want someone. Lit: they are talking for you. Wangkani-ngkuya. They want you. Category: Vocalising and Thought. Gram: Object of request is marked with dative case.
wangka noun. 1 • speech. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • language. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
3 • story. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
4 • word. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
-wangka~ derivational suffix. verbalising suffix. turlwangkangu to make a snapping sound.
yarrwangkangu to make a ripping sound.
wangka kanyila verb, (la class). used to keep one's word. From: English. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wangka nguunypuwa verb, (wa class). used to talk constantly. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wangka nyini verb, (Ø class). used to be a law or command which is current. Category: Dreaming and
Ceremony, Vocalising and Thought.
wangka puwa verb, (wa class). 1 • used to make a statement. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to take a decision. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wangka wajara wanala verb, transitive (mula class). used to read something. Lit: words saying going along. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wangka yiltarri verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to be fulfilled. Category: Stative Verbs.
wangkakarra noun. a talk; meeting. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Vocalising and Thought, People
and Kinship. See: yarnnga.
wangkakurlu noun. child who has learned to speak. Lit: word possessing. Category: People and Kinship.
wangkaninti noun. disciples. Biblical context. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, People and Kinship.
wangkanintikaja noun. disciples. Biblical context. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and
Ceremony.
wangkanypuwa verb, (wa class). 1 • used to converse. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • talk among themselves. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wangkapinti noun. friend to talk to. Category: People and Kinship.
wangkapunaja descriptor. speechless. Category: Mood and Character.
wangkapurluka noun. 1 • disciple. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, People and Kinship.
2 • messenger. Category: Vocalising and Thought, People and Kinship.
2 • Jesus' disciples. Biblical context. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, People and Kinship.
wangkaramunu descriptor. speechless. Category: Mood and Character.
wangkarninti noun. one who knows words. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
wangkawiyaju juma noun. person who talks big but does not do anything. Category: People and Kinship,
Mood and Character.
wangkaya verb, (Ø+wa class). used to teach or give a discourse. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
Wangkaya pungkuni phrase. They are making arrangements for some activity. Lit: they are hitting words.
wangkujula verb, transitive (jula class). used to heat something in fire. E.g. spear or boomerang for bending or
meat for grilling. Kampalku-n kuka warungka, wangkujulku. You should cook meat on the fire,
grilling it. Category: Impact.
wangkulyi noun. digging dish. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wangkurna noun. crow. Category: Birds.
wangurlpa noun. crafty person. Too clever to be caught. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and
Character.
wangurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to act cleverly. Too clever to be hit. Category: Vocalising
and Thought, Mood and Character.
2 • used to get crafty. Too clever to be hit. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
wanirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to be moonless. A night with no moonlight at all. Category: Stative
Verbs.
wanka descriptor. 1 • alive. Category: State.
2 • well. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
3 • raw. Category: State.
wankala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to heal someone. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments,
Impact.
2 • used to make someone alive. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, Impact.
3 • used to make someone well. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, Impact.
wankamala verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to make alive. Category: Impact, Healing Sickness and
Ailments.
2 • used to heal. Category: Impact, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
3 • used to save. Category: Impact, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
4 • used to save from sin. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Dreaming and Ceremony.
wankanyjanmarta noun. person who is almost well. Category: People and Kinship, Healing Sickness
and Ailments.
wankarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get well. Category: Stative Verbs, Healing Sickness and
Ailments.
wankurlpari noun. 1 • rough hill country. Category: Elements.
2 • breakaway country. Category: Elements.
wanpa descriptor. one. Category: Number and Quantity.
wanpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to yandy something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
wantajarra noun. winter. Category: Time.
wantapuru noun. winter. Category: Time.
wanti verb, (Ø class). 1 • used to leave. Category: Motion.
2 • used to avoid touching. Category: Impact.
wanti noun. 1 • woman. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • girl. Category: People and Kinship.
wantipayi noun. man who is always chasing girls. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
wanyja interrogative. 1 • where. Wanyjakarti-n yankuni? Where are you going? Wanyjartu? Where is he
going? Category: Interrogatives.
2 • which. Wanyjajara? Which one of those two? Category: Interrogatives.
wanyjalarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to happen. Karu wanyjalarringu? Well, what did he do then? Category: Stative Verbs.
wanyjalmala verb, (rra/la class). what did he/she do? Category: Impact.
wanyjalpa 1 • interjection. greeting. Wanyjalpapan? How are you? Category: Interjections.
2 • interrogative. what's up? Karu wanyjalpa? Well, what's up? Category: Interrogatives.
wanyu descriptor. slow. Wanyu yankupayi. He was going along slowly. Category: Manner and Posture.
wanyula verb, transitive (la class). used to slow someone down. Category: Impact.
Wanyumarta! phrase. Slow down!
wanyurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get slower. Category: Motion.
wapaju descriptor. sick all over. Category: State, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
wapila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to sic a dog on game. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to hunt with dogs. Category: Motion.
wapira noun. hunting; a hunt. Category: Motion.
wapirripirri descriptor. right through. E.g. a spear going right through a person's leg. Category: Manner and
Posture.
wapuju noun. uncle. Category: People and Kinship.
wapujurra noun. uncle and his nephew. Category: People and Kinship.
wapukarlpa noun. 1 • collision. As two people running into each other. Category: Impact.
2 • Impact and Violence.
waputirr-waputirrpa descriptor. spotted. "A good colour". Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
wara noun. clothes. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
-wara verb suffix. was doing something. Past continuous tense. Wangkawara. He was talking. Category: Time.
waranu noun. 1 • sugarbag. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • lerp. A white, sweet-tasting substance on river-gum leaves produced by insects. Category: Food
Cooking and Fire.
wararri noun. 1 • clothes. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • shirts. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
warati verb, transitive (Ø class). used to carry something on back of neck. E.g. game. Category: Holding and
Transfer.
warinykati verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to arrive. Category: Motion.
2 • used to come into camp. Category: Motion.
Wari-wari noun. name of place. Category: Names and Place Names.
warla noun. 1 • lake. Category: Elements.
2 • large claypan. Category: Elements.
warlawa vd-wa. 1 • used to break something. E.g., a bone, a car, a horse. Martulu warlangu kurlarta. The
man broke the spear. (transitive verb). Warlawa-ra! Break it for him! (transitive verb). Category: Impact.
2 • used to break. Mutuka warlangu. The car broke. (intransitive verb). Punkarnu. Tarrka warlangu. He fell and his leg broke. (intransitive verb). Category: Stative Verbs.
warlanu noun. type of boomerang. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
warlawarlangu noun. song cycle. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
warlawurru noun. eagle hawk. Category: Birds.
warli noun. small gully. Category: Elements.
warli-warlirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to roll around (on the ground). Category: Motion.
warli-warliyarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to roll about. E.g. a horse in the sand. Category: Motion.
warlkula verb, transitive (la class). used to worry about family. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
warlpaju noun. rock wallaby. Category: Animals.
warlparra noun. spearthrower. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
warlpukurru descriptor. 1 • tall. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • long. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
warlpukurrurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to get tall. Category: Stative Verbs, Size Shape and
Weight.
2 • used to become long. Category: Stative Verbs, Size Shape and Weight.
warlpunypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to hit on back with a switch. Something small and thin. Category: Impact.
Warlukulawu noun. name of Dreamtime man. The "fire man", appearing as a hawk. Category: Dreaming
and Ceremony, Names and Place Names.
warnapa noun. 1 • sorcerer. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • dangerous person. This person is called a "featherfoot". Category: People and Kinship.
warnapari noun. dingo. Canis familiaris. Category: Animals.
warniwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to throw something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
warnjila verb, transitive (la class). used to remove guts from game. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
warnma descriptor. long way. Category: Direction and Location.
warnmala verb, transitive (la class). used to shift something a long way. Category: Holding and Transfer.
warnmalypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to pen up a bundle. A swag or a coth bundle. Category: Impact.
Warnmanpa noun. dialect name. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Names and Place Names.
warnmarla noun. 1 • revenge party. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • army. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • large number of men. Category: People and Kinship.
warnnga noun. back of body. Category: Body Parts and Products.
warnngi noun. wrong mate. Couple living together although they are not "straight" according to the kinship
system. Warnngi-pula yanu. The couple who are not straight left. Category: People and Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
warnngila verb, transitive (la class). used to take a girl for sexual reasons who has not been given to you. Category: Holding and Transfer.
warnparnparlarla noun. crested bellbird. Category: Birds.
warntikala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to start going. Category: Motion.
2 • used to come out. Category: Motion.
3 • used to move toward something. Category: Motion.
warntipuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to throw something forcefully to the ground. Category: Holding
and Transfer.
warntitiwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to start going (with starts and stops). Category: Motion.
warntu noun. 1 • blanket. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • swag. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
warnurra noun. spear wound in leg. Could be only half way in. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
warrarnpa noun. country. Category: Elements.
warrarnpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to scrape the ground. With a shovel, tractor, etc. Category: Impact.
warrinyji noun. young man. Category: People and Kinship.
warrinyji-warrinyji noun. mob of young men. Category: People and Kinship.
warrkam Variant: warrkamu. noun. worker. Category: People and Kinship.
warrkamu Variant: warrkam. noun. work. From: English. Category: Impact.
warrkamunu noun. to work. From: English. Category: Impact.
warrkamurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to work. From: English. Category: Impact.
warrkila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to scold someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to growl someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
warrkulyarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to get sweaty. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to get misty. Category: Stative Verbs.
warrkulypa noun. 1 • sweat. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • misty. Category: Elements.
warrmala noun. 1 • stranger. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • the other mob (from the south). Category: People and Kinship.
warrmalypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to untie bush sandles and take them off. Category: Holding
and Transfer.
2 • used to take off clothing. Category: Holding and Transfer.
warrparn-warrparnpa descriptor. 1 • defiant. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • proud stance. "A smarty way". Category: Mood and Character.
warrpula verb, transitive (la class). used to pluck fruit. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
warrula verb, transitive (la class). used to scrape grain into heaps. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
Warrukurnti noun. Milky Way. Category: Names and Place Names.
warta noun. 1 • tree. Generic term. Category: Plants.
2 • stick. Wartawintilu pungu. He hit it with a stick. Category: Plants.
-warta noun suffix. characterising suffix. majuwarta a big thing. juriwarta sweet/harmonious/smooth
lines/nice/pretty. Category: State.
wartajanu wangka 1 • noun. an idea which is borrowed. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • descriptor. not original. Category: Value.
wartakaja noun. 1 • belongings. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • things. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
3 • number of objects from European source with unknown names. Category: Artefacts
Constructions and Personal Objects.
wartapuru noun. among the trees. Category: Direction and Location.
wartarlarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to look the other way. Category: Bodily Functions.
wartarlpa descriptor. looking in opposite direction. Wartarlju nyakuni. He is looking in the other direction--not at me. Category: Manner and Posture.
wartayuru phrase. like a tree. Means a person won't do anything for another.
wartilpa noun. 1 • a hunt. Category: Motion.
2 • hunting. Category: Motion.
wartula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to stretch onself. Category: Motion.
2 • used to bend to straighten. E.g. a boomerang from the fire. Category: Impact.
wartujula verb, transitive (jula class). used to put something down on its belly. Category: Holding and
Transfer.
wartungara verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to lie down on belly. Category: Motion.
Warturarra noun. name of place. Category: Names and Place Names.
wartuyiki verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to lay face down. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and Posture.
waru noun. 1 • fire. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • firewood. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
warujanu descriptor. from the fire. Category: Direction and Location.
warukurru noun. place with lots of firewood. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
warurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get hot/used to get a temperature. Category: Stative Verbs.
watala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to beat someone (of speed). Category: Impact.
2 • used to leave someone behind (of speed). Category: Impact.
watajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to recklessly place something. Put it "anyway"; put it temporarily. Category: Holding and Transfer.
watanypa noun. 1 • waiting around. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • killing time. Category: Manner and Posture.
3 • occupying oneself until something happens. Category: Manner and Posture.
watapirti noun. personal concern. Watapirti ngapila! Its up to you to do something! Category: Vocalising
and Thought.
watarrku descriptor. accidently. Watarrkulu pungu. He hit him accidentally. Category: Manner and Posture.
wati- prefix. 1 • motion across. wati-yanu to go across something. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • movement to one side. Prefixes to verbs. wati-punkarnu to fall to one side. wati-junu to put something to one side. Category: Direction and Location.
-wati noun suffix. 1 • across. ngaawati across here.
2 • beside. karruwati beside the creek. ngayuwati beside me. Category: Direction and Location.
watijula verb, transitive (jula class). 1 • used to track someone or something. Category: Motion.
2 • used to search for a track. Watijulku-ran jinaku. You will search for a track. Category: Motion.
wati-pirra-pirra descriptor. all in a row. Category: Manner and Posture.
waya noun. wire. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wayarurru descriptor. hands behind back. Category: Manner and Posture.
wayi particle. greeting. Wayiwa-n? How are you? Category: Particles.
wayila verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to crawl. Can refer to grazing of a kangaroo. Category: Motion.
2 • used to flow (of creek). Category: Motion.
wayilara noun. child who can crawl. Category: People and Kinship.
wayilwanpa noun. wild ones; untamed. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
wayinpa noun. wine. From: English. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
wayinu noun. wine. From: English. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
wayipamula verb, transitive (la class). used to wipe dry or clean with a cloth etc. Category: Impact.
wayitipinti noun. scales for measuring quantities. Eg thing with weights. Category: Artefacts Constructions
and Personal Objects.
wayitwanpa noun. white coloured object. From: English. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
wayungarri noun. 1 • stranger. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • people from the north. Category: People and Kinship.
wiila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to light a fire. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • used to ignite something. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
wiijamula verb, transitive (la class). used to waste some valuable material. Category: Holding and Transfer.
wiijiji noun. wages. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wiijijpa noun. wages. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
Wiiki noun. Sunday. From: English. Category: Names and Place Names.
wiilpa noun. well. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wiilypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to throw out liquids. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to shake off dirt from shoes. Category: Holding and Transfer.
wiingu noun. wing. Category: Body Parts and Products.
Wiiniji noun. Wednesday. Category: Time.
wiinymaya noun. windmill. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wiippa noun. whip. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wiipu noun. whip. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wiirlpa noun. star. Category: Elements.
wiirnpa noun. hole. Category: Elements.
wiiti noun. 1 • wheat. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • wheat fields. Category: Elements.
wiitingu noun. wedding. From: English. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
wijij mani noun. wage money. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wikarrala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to call another to your camp. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wikarru noun. messenger. Category: People and Kinship.
wikarrurra verb, transitive (rra class). used to gather those who are called to a ceremony. Category: Holding
and Transfer. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
wikilypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to remove. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to take something off some other object. Category: Holding and Transfer.
wikirrpa noun. desert oak. Allocasuarina decaisneana. Category: Plants.
wilinypa noun. wind. Category: Elements.
wilirrpa noun. wrinkles (on skin). Category: Body Parts and Products.
wiltijurra verb, transitive (rra class). 1 • used to hangup. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to hang. Category: Holding and Transfer. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
wiltingara verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to be hanging. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and Posture.
wiltiyiki verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to be hanging. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and Posture.
wiltu descriptor. 1 • hard. Wiltulu puwa! Hit it hard! Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
2 • loud. Category: Sounds.
3 • stiff. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
wiltula verb, transitive (la class). used to make hard or strong. Category: Impact.
wiltumala verb, transitive (mala class). used to make something tighter. Category: Impact.
Wiltumarta! phrase. Speak louder!; Make it harder!
wilturri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become hard; used to harden. Category: Stative Verbs, Colour
Pattern and Texture.
wilyja noun. 1 • shade. Category: Elements.
2 • shade shelter. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wilyji-wilyji descriptor. 1 • painful. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
2 • sore. Category: Healing Sickness and Ailments, State.
wilyji-wilyjirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get sore; used to become painful. Category: Stative
Verbs, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
wilyki noun. seed. Generic term. Category: Plants. See: janikurtinypa; jartarrpuka; mungkilypa.
wilykinngalku noun. pussy-cat. Category: Animals.
wilykumala verb, transitive (mala class). used to sing a magic love song. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
winamurri verb, transitive (Ø class). used to win a race or contest. Category: Impact.
winarri verb, transitive (Ø class). 1 • used to win an event. Category: Impact.
2 • used to beat another at an argument. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wingka descriptor. curled up (of hat). Category: Size Shape and Weight.
wingkawinti descriptor. with a hat curled up on the edges. Category: State.
wingkurnpa descriptor. lying on side. Category: Manner and Posture.
winila verb, transitive (la class). used to lead someone. Category: Motion.
winijarra descriptor. arm in arm. Category: Manner and Posture.
winmilpa noun. windmill. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
winta noun. window. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wintamarra noun. mulga tree. Acacia aneura. Category: Plants.
winta-winta noun. decoration for a ceremony. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
-winti noun suffix. 1 • with. Yilarnu mutuka mirrilyiwintilu. He pulled the car with a rope.
2 • having. Comitative suffix.
winyirirripuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to give off a smell. E.g. the scent of a person or a camel. Category: Stative Verbs.
winyjurru noun. murderer. Category: People and Kinship.
winymirala verb, transitive (la class). used to stretch something out. Like a rope. Category: Impact.
winypurala verb, intransitive (la class). used to whistle. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
winy-winypa noun. wedgetail hawk. Category: Birds.
wipu noun. tail. Category: Body Parts and Products.
wipu-wipu noun. tadpole. Category: Aquatic Creatures.
wira noun. white clay. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Elements, Colour Pattern and Texture.
wirla 1 • noun. stomach. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • noun. rounded surface. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
3 • descriptor. full (of quantity). Category: Number and Quantity.
4 • descriptor. feelings. Category: Mood and Character.
5 • descriptor. upset. Lit: pimply stomach. Category: Mood and Character.
wirla kamparr-kamparrpa descriptor. feeling that something is about to happen. Category: Mood and
Character.
wirla karalyanu descriptor. broken heart; sadness. Category: Mood and Character.
Wirla ngarrinpa phrase. The creek is full of water.
wirla ngarrurta noun. one who feels strong and energetic after eating food. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
wirla nguntu noun. a cough. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
See: kinilypuwa.
wirla tikirlpa descriptor. empty feeling; feelings have dried up. Category: Mood and Character.
wirla walyku descriptor. 1 • sad. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • in mourning. Category: Mood and Character.
wirla walyku noun. 1 • grief.
2 • sadness. Category: Mood and Character.
wirla walykurringu phrase. loved greatly???
wirla yalta-yalta descriptor. calm and peaceful. Lit: cool stomach. Category: Mood and Character.
wirlarra noun. moon. Category: Elements.
wirlarrapunaja noun. 1 • moonless. As a moonless night. Lit: moonless.
2 • darkness. Category: Elements.
wirlarri verb, transitive (Ø+wa class). used to fill up. As a soak. Kalyjarnu-lu. It filled it up. Category: Stative
Verbs, Number and Quantity.
wirlkarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to stretch out legs. Category: Motion.
wirlkurru noun. horn. Category: Body Parts and Products.
Wirlurna noun. name of place. Community south of Jigalong. Category: Names and Place Names.
wirna descriptor. wet. Category: State.
wirni noun. wooden dish. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wirnka noun. louse. Category: Insects.
wirrili descriptor. 1 • long way. Category: Direction and Location.
2 • far away. Category: Direction and Location.
wirrilirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get far away. Category: Motion.
wirrilyi descriptor. 1 • angry. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • wild. Category: Mood and Character.
wirrilyirra verb, transitive (rra class). used to make angry. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
wirrilyimala verb, transitive (la class). used to cause to be angry. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood
and Character.
wirrilyipayi noun. person who is often angry. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
wirrilyirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get angry. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character. Gram: With -ngu in PAST subentry.
wirrilyirri verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to become angry. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
wirrirli descriptor. long distance. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
wirrirlimala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to cause to go a long way off. Category: Motion.
wirrjala verb, intransitive (la class). 1 • used to run. Category: Motion.
2 • used to hurry. Category: Motion.
wirrkala verb, transitive (la class). used to cut something. Category: Impact.
wirrki-wirrki noun. 1 • decorative chest bands. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Artefacts
Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • something across shoulder. E.g. a shoulder bag. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal
Objects.
wirrupuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to throw something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
wirrurru descriptor. 1 • fast. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • quickly. Category: Manner and Posture.
wirru-wirrupuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to throw down. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to throw out. Used of many people throwing objects out together. Category: Holding and
Transfer.
wirta noun. dog. Category: Animals.
wirtula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to send someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to command a person to some action. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wiru noun. bird. Category: Birds.
witala verb, transitive (la class). used to pluck fruit (from tree). Category: Impact, Food Cooking and Fire.
witula verb, intransitive (la class). used to call someone to beckon him over. Witula jurntala! Call him and
bring him over! Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
wituka particle. 1 • also. Category: Particles.
2 • again. Maa-pinirrinyjangka-rnalu wanarnu wituka. When it ran away, I followed it again. Category: Particles.
witurrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to knot. Category: Impact.
2 • used to tighten a fastening. Category: Impact.
wiya particle. 1 • no. Category: Particles.
2 • nothing. Category: Particles.
wiyala verb, transitive (la class). used to finish something up. Category: Impact.
wiyajula verb, (rra/la class). used to say no. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wiyamala verb, (rra/la class). 1 • used to say no. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to negate. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wiyarri1 verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become nothing. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to finish. Category: Stative Verbs.
3 • used to die. Category: Stative Verbs.
wiyarri2 verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to be finished. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to become nothing. Category: Stative Verbs.
-wiyayiju noun suffix. only. Selective suffix. Mirta ngayuluwiyayiju. Not only me (there were other's who
did something, too). Category: Number and Quantity.
Wiyurrpa palyjalyarringu phrase. His spirit became weak.
wuju descriptor. narrow. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
wujul-wujulpa descriptor. really narrow. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
wujurnu descriptor. 1 • narrow. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • restricted. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
wuku noun. tortoise. Category: Aquatic Creatures.
wukurlu noun. stranger. Category: People and Kinship.
wula verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to cry. Category: Bodily Functions, Sounds.
wulikaja descriptor. 1 • all. Category: Number and Quantity.
2 • complete number. Category: Number and Quantity.
3 • all together. From: English. Category: Manner and Posture.
wulkurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to be careful. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and Posture.
wulpipulpa noun. 1 • old people. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • former generation who have died. Category: People and Kinship.
wulu particle. 1 • always. Category: Particles.
2 • for keeps. Category: Particles.
3 • continually. Wululu puwa! Keep on hitting him! Category: Particles.
wulu yarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to go altogether without any intention of returning. Category: Motion. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
wulurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to be continual. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • emphasising the duration of an action. Category: Stative Verbs.
wulykula verb, transitive (la class). used to pull up a small bush or plant. Category: Holding and Transfer.
wuly-wulyarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get a cramp. Category: Bodily Functions.
wuly-wulypa noun. cramp. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
wumala verb, (la class). used to gather together. Category: Holding and Transfer.
wumari noun. 1 • mother-in-law. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • son-in-law. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • father's sister (avoidance relationship). Category: People and Kinship.
wumu noun. heap. Category: Elements.
wumula verb, transitive (la class). used to heap something up. Category: Holding and Transfer.
wumungka noun. 1 • big mob. Pakarnu-ya martukaja japalpa. A large mob of people arrived for the
meeting. Category: People and Kinship, Number and Quantity.
2 • group of people. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • meeting. Ngayumililu-rni mamalu yanu katingu japalkarti. My father came and took me to a
big law meeting. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, People and Kinship. See: yarnnga.
wumurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to assemble. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to get into a heap. Category: Holding and Transfer.
3 • used to press in closely. Category: Holding and Transfer.
wuna descriptor. go quickly or directly to a destination. Category: Manner and Posture.
wunya descriptor. 1 • flavourless. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, State.
2 • bland. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, State.
3 • bitter. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, State.
wunyarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to lose the flavour. Category: Stative Verbs.
wupalpa noun. few. Category: Number and Quantity.
wupulyarra verb, intransitive (rra class). 1 • used to be undone. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to be unfastened. Category: Stative Verbs. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
wupulyangkawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to come off. E.g. a tyre. Category: Motion.
wupulypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to take something apart. Category: Impact.
2 • used to tear something down. Category: Impact.
3 • used to remove something. E.g. a tyre. Category: Holding and Transfer.
wupuna noun. key. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wupunamula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to open something. From: English. Category: Impact.
wupunarri verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to be opened. Category: Stative Verbs.
wupunpa descriptor. open. From: English. Category: State.
wupuntamula verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to open a cover or door. Category: Impact.
2 • used to establish a community. Category: Impact.
wupunumula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to open. Category: Impact.
wura noun. 1 • hunting stealthily. Wura-ya majarni. They are stealthily waiting for the animals to come. Category: Motion.
2 • creeping along. Wura wayirnu. He crawled along hunting the game. Category: Motion.
3 • sneaking about. Category: Motion.
wura yarra Variant: wurayarra. verb, intransitive (rra class). used to creep along. Category: Motion. Gram: With
-nu in PAST headword.
wuramala verb, transitive (mala class). 1 • used to curse someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to work magic on someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
wurayarra Variant: wura yarra. verb, intransitive (rra class). used to creep up on something. Category: Motion.
wurlkala verb, intransitive (la class). used to jump. Category: Motion.
wurlku descriptor. prepared for something/someone. Suggests a warning of danger. Wurlku-laju nyinani. We
are ready for anything that happens. Category: Mood and Character.
wurlkumarta interjection. be careful!; beware! Category: Interjections.
Wurlkumarta! phrase. Be ready; Be prepared! (danger is near).
wurna noun. 1 • fur. Category: Body Parts and Products, Animals.
2 • body hair. Category: Body Parts and Products.
3 • feathers. Category: Body Parts and Products, Birds.
wurnti noun. bundle. E.g. of spears. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects, Number and
Quantity.
wurrkulila verb, transitive (la class). used to think about someone/something. Category: Vocalising and
Thought.
wurrngangkula verb, transitive (la class). used to think about someone/something. Category: Vocalising and
Thought.
wurrumpuru noun. short spear. Referred to in story of the echidna's quills. Category: Artefacts
Constructions and Personal Objects.
wurtu interrogative. 1 • interrogative word. Category: Interrogatives.
2 • something? Category: Interrogatives.
3 • anything? Wurtu-n nyangu? Did you see anything? Category: Interrogatives.
wurtuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to become completely silent. "Did the action only, so he wouldn't
be heard". Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
wuru noun. 1 • mob. Wurukarti yanu. He went toward the mob. Category: People and Kinship, Number and
Quantity.
2 • heap. Category: Number and Quantity.
wurula verb, transitive (la class). used to gather together. Category: Holding and Transfer.
wurujula verb, transitive (jula class). used to put in a heap. E.g. food, stones. Category: Holding and Transfer.
wurumala verb, transitive (mala class). used to heap up something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
wururri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become a heap or mob; used to assemble. Category: Motion.
wuru-wuru noun. recently rain watered area. Category: Elements.
wuukarta noun. honeyants. Category: Insects.
wuulangka verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to jump from a height. Category: Motion.
wuulpa noun. wall. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wuumpala descriptor. 1 • warm. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • warm person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
3 • warm area. Category: Elements.
wuumurru descriptor. wrong way. Wuumurru wajarnu. He said it the wrong way. Category: Manner and
Posture.
wuuna noun. sheep's wool. Category: Body Parts and Products.
wuungku noun. 1 • shelter. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects, Elements.
2 • wind break. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects, Elements.
wuungkujula verb, transitive (jula class). 1 • used to build a shelter. Category: Impact.
2 • used to make a wind break. Category: Impact.
wuupayinpa noun. toy boomerang. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
wuurlpala noun. old person or thing. From: English. Category: People and Kinship.
wuurr kulila verb, (la class). 1 • used to cogitate. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
2 • used to ponder. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
3 • used to continually think about a problem. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and
Character.
wuyurrpa noun. feelings. Used in a number of idioms. Category: Mood and Character.
Y - y
yarra verb, intransitive (rra class). 1 • used to go. Parra-yankupayi. He was go about. Wati-yarra! Go across
there! Purtu-laju yanu. We couldn't go. Kurranyu yarra! You go on ahead! Yanu kakuputu. He
went for good. Pakala yarra! Get up and go! Category: Motion.
2 • used to come. Yanku-rnanta? Will I come to where you are? Category: Motion.
-ya pronoun suffix. they (plural). Used for 'you (plural)' in imperatives or 'I' in imperatives in special
relationships. Pakarnu-ya yanu. They got up and went. Ka-ya nyurilu pungu. And they still hit
him. Yarra-ya! All of you go away!/They used to go./You go away! (one person being spoken to by
someone in a certain relationship to him/her). Yarra-rniya! All of you come here! Category: Pronouns.
-ya~ dsuff-rra. verbalising suffix. kurti-kurtiyanu to roll over and over.
yaalpamula verb, transitive (la class). used to help another. From: English. Category: Impact.
yaalu 1 • interjection. greeting. Category: Interjections.
2 • interrogative. how? Yaaluwa-n? How goes it?/How are you? Category: Interrogatives.
yaalula verb, (la class). what did he/she do? Category: Impact.
yaalupurru interrogative. what "skin" or "colour" is he? I.e., what kinship section is he in? Category: Interrogatives.
yaalurri verb, (Ø+wa class). what happened?; what did he do? Yaalurringu? What happened?/What did he do? Category: Impact.
yaalypa noun. whisper. Yaalypa-laju wangkapayi. We were whispering. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Sounds.
yaanypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to lift something up. E.g. the wind lifting something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
yaapu descriptor. half. From: English. Category: Number and Quantity.
yaapula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to divide. Category: Impact, Number and Quantity.
2 • used to halve up. From: English. Category: Impact, Number and Quantity.
yaarli noun. early morning. Category: Time.
yaarlipala noun. early morning. Category: Time.
yaarrangkawa verb, (wa class). used to crack. Eg the earth. Category: Motion.
yaarrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to tear cloth. Category: Impact.
yaarryarra verb, intransitive (rra class). used to tear. Used of old cloth tearing under strain. Category: Impact. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
yaartu noun. 1 • yard. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
2 • paddock or fenced off area. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
yaatapala descriptor. hot. Can refer to hot things or hot season. Category: State.
yajila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to try out something. Yajirnu-lajura. We tried it out (the water to see if
it was good). Jurrka yajirnu. He tried to dance. Category: Impact.
2 • used to taste something. Category: Bodily Functions.
3 • used to sample something. Category: Impact.
4 • used to test something. Category: Impact.
Yajikpa noun. Isaac. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
yaka noun. 1 • silence. Category: Sounds.
2 • quiet. Category: Sounds.
yakamala verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to make quiet. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
2 • used to quieten a group. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
yakapayi noun. quiet person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
yakapurluka descriptor. quiet person. Who does not get involved in fights etc. Category: People and
Kinship, Mood and Character.
yakarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get quiet. Yakarri! Be quiet! Category: Stative Verbs.
yakirri noun. headband. Signifies a man has been initiated. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Artefacts
Constructions and Personal Objects.
yaku noun. dance. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
yakurrapuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to peel something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
yakurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to dance. Category: Motion.
yakurripayi noun. dancing. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
yakurti noun. mother. Category: People and Kinship.
yalapara noun. species of goanna. Varanus giganteus. Category: Reptiles and Snakes. See: maruntu.
yali noun. 1 • hot weather. Category: Elements.
2 • summer. Category: Time.
yalijarra noun. 1 • summertime. Category: Time.
2 • hot time. Category: Time.
yalipuru noun. summertime. Category: Time.
yalta descriptor. cold. Category: State.
yaltarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become cold. Category: Stative Verbs.
yalta-yalta 1 • noun. cool; cool place. Category: Elements.
2 • descriptor. very cold. Category: State.
yalu noun. liver. Category: Body Parts and Products.
yalyi noun. 1 • stone. Category: Elements.
2 • hill. Category: Elements.
3 • coin. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
yalyjirrpa descriptor. 1 • clever. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • bright (of a person). Category: Mood and Character.
yamarla noun. clay. Category: Elements.
-yampajara noun suffix. another one. karruyampajara another creek. Category: Number and Quantity.
yampaljurra verb, transitive (rra class). used to make a damper or loaf of bread. Category: Impact, Food
Cooking and Fire. Gram: With -nu in PAST sub entry.
yampalpa noun. 1 • damper. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
2 • loaf of bread. Category: Food Cooking and Fire. See: nyuma.
yampula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to hug someone. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to hold in lap. Category: Holding and Transfer.
3 • used to take in arms. Category: Holding and Transfer.
yangajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to get in someone's way. Category: Motion.
yangarra descriptor. close to the speaker. Category: Direction and Location.
yangka noun. 1 • recall a previous event. Category: Time.
2 • previously referred to. Category: Time.
yangkarlpa noun. hip. Category: Body Parts and Products.
yangkayuru descriptor. like before. Category: Manner and Posture.
yangkiji noun. handkerchief. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
yangupala noun. 1 • young man. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • young woman. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • young kangaroo etc. Category: Animals.
yanimarra verb, transitive (rra class). used to fix or make something. Category: Impact. Gram: With -nu in PAST
headword.
yannga noun. 1 • visitor. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • one who has just arrived. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • person who is about to go. Category: People and Kinship.
yantarta descriptor. hundred. Category: Number and Quantity.
Yantiyukpa noun. Antioch. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
Yanturu noun. Andrew. Category: Names and Place Names.
yapalypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to put a glob of something on something. E.g., grease on a
boomerang. Category: Impact.
yapanpa noun. hot cooking stones. Inserted inside an animal for faster cooking. Category: Food Cooking
and Fire.
yapanypa noun. relationship term referring to a child. Category: People and Kinship.
yaparli noun. grandmother. Category: People and Kinship.
yapipala descriptor. heavy. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
yapu noun. 1 • stone. Category: Elements.
2 • hill. Category: Elements.
yapulyukurru noun. 1 • rocky place.
2 • rocky ground. Category: Elements.
yapupurluka noun. person who knows the value of rocks and minerals. Category: People and Kinship.
Yapura-yapura noun. 1 • ceremonial language name. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Names and
Place Names.
2 • avoidance speech. yapura-yapura wangka avoidance speech. Category: Dreaming and
Ceremony, Vocalising and Thought, Names and Place Names.
yapurra descriptor. west. Category: Direction and Location.
yapurrakarta noun. wind or smoke from the west. Category: Elements.
yapurrapuri noun. early morning. About 8 a.m. Category: Time.
yapurrkura descriptor. toward the west. Category: Direction and Location.
yapurrpa descriptor. west. Category: Direction and Location.
yapuwija noun. species of kangaroo. Category: Animals.
yararri noun. warm, sunny spot. Yararringka ngarrini. He is lying in a warm, sunny spot. Category: Elements.
yarlala verb, transitive (la class). used to pick up seed by cupping hands. Category: Holding and Transfer.
yarlawara noun. huge boulder. Category: Elements.
yarlila verb, transitive (la class). used to lift the edge of something. E.g. a blanket or paper. Category: Impact.
yarlka noun. heat of the sun. Yarlkangka nyininpa. He is sitting out in the hot sun. Category: Elements.
yarlkajula verb, transitive (jula class). used to put something in the sun in order to dry it out. Category: Holding
and Transfer.
Yarlkupajinya noun. name of place. Category: Names and Place Names.
yarlpamula verb, transitive (la class). used to help another. Category: Impact.
yarlpirri wangka verb, (Ø class). used to broadcast. Used of a person shouting a grievance when people are
waking. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yarlpu noun. 1 • age-mate. Men initiated at the same time. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • twin. Category: People and Kinship.
yarlpururra noun. two age-mates. Category: People and Kinship.
yarlpururran noun. all of the age-mates. Category: People and Kinship.
yarltiwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to call out. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
yarnangu noun. body. Category: Body Parts and Products.
yarnma noun. soreness. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
yarnnga descriptor. 1 • many. Category: Number and Quantity.
2 • all. Category: Number and Quantity.
3 • plenty. Category: Number and Quantity. See: wangkakarra; wumungka; japalpa.
yarnngakuyarra descriptor. the whole lot. Category: Number and Quantity.
yarnngarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become plenty; used to increase in quantity. Category: Stative Verbs, Number and Quantity.
yarnngartuka descriptor. the lot; a big mob. Category: Number and Quantity.
yarntinarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become dried up. Category: Stative Verbs.
yarrala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to repeat an action. Yarrala wajala! Say it again! Category: Impact.
2 • used to do something again. Category: Impact.
yarralypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to untie. Category: Impact.
yarrangkawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to crack. E.g. the earth. Category: Stative Verbs.
yarrju descriptor. upset. Category: Mood and Character.
yarrjurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get upset. E.g. if someone doesn't share something with
someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Mood and Character.
yarrkawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to tear. Category: Impact.
yarrkalpa noun. hunting trip. Category: Motion.
yarrkatiwa verb, intransitive (wa class). 1 • used to crack. E.g. the ground where mata is growing. Category: Motion.
2 • used to split. E.g. the ground. Category: Motion.
3 • used to rip. Category: Motion.
yarrpa noun. 1 • a tear. Category: State.
2 • a rip. Category: State.
yarrpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). 1 • used to tear something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to rip something. Category: Impact.
yarruwa noun. 1 • spouse. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • husband. Usage depends on relationship of speaker. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • wife. Usage depends of relationship of speaker. Category: People and Kinship.
yarrwangka verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to make a ripping sound. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Sounds.
yartajirri noun. relationship term (jamurarra talk). Category: People and Kinship.
yaru descriptor. 1 • more softly. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • quieter. Yaru wangka! Talk quieter! Category: Manner and Posture.
3 • less than before. Category: Manner and Posture.
yarula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to soften something. E.g. the sound of a radio. Category: Impact,
Colour Pattern and Texture.
2 • used to lessen something. E.g. the speed a person is going. Category: Impact.
yarunyarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to go around and return. E.g. a boomerang. Category: Motion.
yarurnpa descriptor. shallow. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
yarurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to slow down. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and Posture.
2 • used to become less than before. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and Posture.
yaruwu noun. arrow. From: English. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
yata noun. shield. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
yatarnmala verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to cause to be quiet. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
yatarnpa descriptor. 1 • calm (weather). Category: State.
2 • windless (weather). Category: State.
yatilykata noun. elders. Category: People and Kinship.
yatilypa noun. 1 • elder. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • important person. Category: People and Kinship.
yatu noun. short person. Category: People and Kinship.
yatula verb, transitive (la class). used to chop something. Category: Impact.
yawalyurru noun. species of berry. Canthium latifolium. Category: Plants.
yawanyja noun. straight relationship. Category: People and Kinship.
yawarta noun. horse. Category: Animals.
yawiyi noun. one who is sorry or pitying. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
yawula verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to take a handful. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to scoop up something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
yawujayiti Variant: yawujayitu. descriptor. outside. From: English. Category: Direction and Location.
yawujayitu Variant: yawujayiti. descriptor. outside. Category: Direction and Location.
yawumani interrogative. how many. Category: Interrogatives.
Yayijaya noun. Isaiah. Category: Names and Place Names.
yayilurrupuwa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to call out ceremonially. Category: Vocalising and Thought,
Dreaming and Ceremony, Sounds.
yayinpa noun. iron. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
yiija noun. years. From: English. Category: Time.
yiilpurrjala verb, transitive (jala class). used to sip water. From edge of lake or creek. Category: Bodily
Functions, Food Cooking and Fire.
yiilurru noun. bird. Category: Birds.
yiilyjula verb, transitive (jula class). 1 • used to count something. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Number
and Quantity.
2 • used to list something. E.g. a person's children. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yiipi particle. if. From: English. Category: Particles.
yiiya noun. 1 • year. Category: Time.
2 • used as part of an age number. From: English. Category: Time.
-yija noun suffix. suffix indicating inhabitant. Lit: hill inhabitant. purliyija hill kangaroo. parlkarrayija plains kangaroo.
Yijippa noun. Egypt. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
Yijurilpa noun. Israel. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
yikara noun. hot coals. Category: Elements, Food Cooking and Fire.
yikarra particle. you've got to. From: English 'you have got to'. Category: Particles.
yikarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to laugh. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
yikarrirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to laugh. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
yiki verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to stand up. Category: Motion.
-yiki~ derivational suffix. verbalising suffix. parntiyikingu to smell (intransitive verb).
yikijula verb, transitive (jula class). used to stand something upright. Category: Holding and Transfer.
yiki-yiki verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to stand up as a group. The whole lot stands. Category: Motion.
-yiku noun suffix. like. Similative suffix. yapuyiku like a stone. walyjayiku like its own self. Category: Manner and Posture.
yikulpa noun. eagle. Category: Birds.
yikurntala verb, transitive (la class). used to recognise someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yilala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to drag something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to pull something out. Category: Holding and Transfer.
-yila suffix. then. Connective suffix. Kayila-laju karru wanarnu Kartaparlirtu. And then we followed the
creek to Kartaparli hill. Category: Time. Gram: Usually follows ka-.
-yilampa suffix. then. Connective suffix. Category: Time. Gram: Often follows palunyangka-.
-yilapa suffix. then. Connective suffix. Category: Time.
Yilayija noun. Elijah. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
yilijula verb, intransitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to point with the fingers. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to indicate with a hand gesture. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yilikuru noun. 1 • juice from meat. Category: Food Cooking and Fire, Body Parts and Products.
2 • gravy. Karrkartangka-la jarlajunkuni. We are dipping it into the gravy/meat juice. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
yilipi noun. axe. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
yiliti descriptor. in a line. Category: Manner and Posture.
yilkari noun. sky. Category: Elements.
yilpijula verb, transitive (rra/la class). 1 • used to buckle up. Category: Impact.
2 • used to tie up. Category: Impact.
yilta descriptor. 1 • true. Category: Value.
2 • truth. Category: Value.
Yiltakaja? phrase. Is it really true?
yiltaminyirri descriptor. really true. Category: Value.
yiltanyju noun. truthful person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
yiltapayi noun. 1 • person who is truthful. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
2 • person who can be trusted. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
yiltartu interjection. truly. Category: Interjections.
yiltayuru descriptor. like the real thing. Category: Manner and Posture.
yilyu descriptor. parent is yilyu when a son or daughter dies. Category: State, People and Kinship.
yilyurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become sonless or daughterless. Used of a parent who has lost a son or daughter. Category: Stative Verbs.
yimiri noun. rib. Category: Body Parts and Products.
yimiyu noun. emu. From: English. Category: Birds.
yimiyuka noun. emu. From: English. Category: Birds.
yimpila verb, transitive (la class). used to talk about someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yinala verb, transitive (la class). used to pick fruit. E.g. pura or wama. Category: Impact, Food Cooking and
Fire.
yinalkatingu verb, transitive (unclassed). picked as a person went along. Category: Holding and Transfer. Gram: With -ngu in PAST sub entry.
yinara noun. relationship term. A relationship between those of the Karimarra/Milangka kinship sections and
those of the Panaka/Purungu sections. Category: People and Kinship.
Yingkiliji noun. English. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yini noun. name. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yinijula verb, transitive (jula class). 1 • used to name someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to say someone's name. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yinini noun. 1 • wife. Usage depends on relationship between the speaker and the person addressed. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • husband. Usage depends on relationship between the speaker and the person addressed. Category: People and Kinship.
yiniparni descriptor. without a name. Category: State.
yinjayiti descriptor. inside. Category: Direction and Location.
yinkala verb, intransitive (la class). used to sing. Wintamarrangka-laju yinkalpayi. We were singing over
under the mulga tree. Category: Vocalising and Thought, Sounds.
yinkarni noun. relationship term ("like a brother/sister relationship"). Category: People and Kinship.
yinta noun. 1 • waterhole in home country. Category: Elements.
2 • birthplace. Category: Elements.
yintala verb, transitive (la class). used to recognise. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
-yinta pronoun suffix. 1 • suffix indicating reflexive. Category: Pronouns.
2 • suffix indicating reciprocal. Category: Pronouns.
3 • to himself. Category: Pronouns.
yinti verb, intransitive (Ø class). 1 • used to drip out of something. E.g., oil from a car. Category: Motion.
2 • used to leak out of something. Category: Motion.
3 • used to pour out of something. Category: Motion.
yinti noun. spindle. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
yintila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to pour something out. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to spill something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
yintulpa Variant: yinturlpa. descriptor. 1 • true. Category: Value.
2 • correct. Category: Value.
yinturlpa Variant: yintulpa. descriptor. straight. Palujanu wakarnu yinturlju Mamalu. Then Father speared
it straight on. Category: Manner and Posture.
yinyala verb, transitive (la class). used to rub oil or fat into a person or instrument. Category: Impact.
yinyjanu noun. 1 • gift. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • ceremonial meat gift. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony, Food Cooking and Fire.
yinyja-yinyja descriptor. head-up. ngalya yinyja-yinyja face upward. Category: Manner and Posture.
yinyurrpa noun. wrong marriage. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
yipi noun. mother. This word is not used at Jigalong at the present time because of a death of a person with a
name with similar sounds. Category: People and Kinship.
yipilypa descriptor. false. Yipilyju-n wajarnu. What you said didn't prove to be true. Category: Value.
Yipurampa noun. Abraham. Biblical context. Category: Names and Place Names.
Yipuru noun. Hebrew language. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yiri noun. rib. Category: Body Parts and Products.
yirila verb, transitive (la class). used to whittle the shaft of a spear. Yirilku-njananya kurlartalku. You will
shave the shaft to make a spear. Category: Impact.
yirna noun. 1 • man (fully initiated). Category: People and Kinship.
2 • husband. Category: People and Kinship. Socio: This word can be used in the way the respectful term,
"sir", is used in English.
yirna jukumunu noun. big man. Lit: man not small. Category: People and Kinship.
yirnakaja noun. 1 • the elders. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • the men. Category: People and Kinship.
yirnanyjarri noun. the elders. Category: People and Kinship.
yirnaparaku noun. 1 • the elders. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • the men. Category: People and Kinship.
yirnapunaja noun. widow. Lit: without a man. Category: People and Kinship.
yirni descriptor. 1 • loose. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • generous. Yirnilu-ra yungu. Out of generosity, he gave it to him. Category: Mood and Character.
See: pamparrju.
yirninyju descriptor. 1 • very obedient or willing. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • very generous. Category: Mood and Character.
yirnipayi noun. generous person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
yirnirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become loose. E.g., a tooth, a screw. Category: Stative Verbs.
yirni-yirni descriptor. very loose. Category: Mood and Character.
yirnku descriptor. 1 • true. Category: Value.
2 • straight. Category: Value, Size Shape and Weight.
3 • correct. Category: Value.
yirntirri noun. ramp, usually for goanna. Category: Elements.
yirra noun. 1 • teeth. Category: Body Parts and Products.
2 • mouth. Used in a number of idioms. Category: Body Parts and Products.
-yirra noun suffix. coupling suffix. marlpayirra two mates.
yirra kalyurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to salivate. Like when eating a lemon. Yirra kalyurringu. His mouth became watery. Category: Bodily Functions.
yirra kalyurrpa noun. person who doesn't really know what they are talking about. Lit: watery mouth. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
yirra nyawa verb, intransitive (wa class). used to look upward from a lower position. Category: Bodily
Functions.
yirra pajala verb, (la class). used to grind one's teeth. Can be a gesture of anger or fear. Category: Bodily
Functions.
yirra pakala verb, (la class). used to reveal teeth. The clenched teeth of a person in a fit. Category: Bodily
Functions.
yirrijula verb, transitive (jula class). used to sic dogs on game. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yirrirri noun. 1 • the bank of a creek. Category: Elements.
2 • the side of a creek. Category: Elements.
yirrirrikarti descriptor. to the side; to the bank. Category: Direction and Location.
yirriti descriptor. down the rise. Category: Direction and Location.
yirritijurra verb, transitive (rra class). used to tip out liquid. Category: Holding and Transfer. Gram: With -nu in
PAST headword.
Yirrkalyilyinya noun. name of place. Ram Creek. Category: Names and Place Names.
yirrkili noun. boomerang. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
yirrpila verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to insert. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to put inside. Category: Holding and Transfer.
yirrpirnkurlu noun. 1 • person with weapons. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • soldier. Biblical context. Category: People and Kinship.
yirrpirnpa noun. group of weapons. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
yiti descriptor. side. Category: Direction and Location.
-yiti suffix. side. Kujuyiti-nta yungu. He gave it to you--but you didn't give him anything in return.
yitijula verb, transitive (jula class). used to give a drink to someone. Category: Holding and Transfer, Food
Cooking and Fire.
yitingka descriptor. away from the mob. Category: Direction and Location, People and Kinship.
yitiwana descriptor. to one side. Ngarringu-lura yitiwana. He lay off to one side--away from her. Category: Direction and Location.
yiwarra noun. 1 • road. Category: Elements.
2 • track. Category: Elements.
3 • path. Category: Elements.
yiwarrarra verb, transitive (rra class). used to make a track by going over the same course many times. Category: Motion. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
yiwarra kujupa wanarnu phrase. 1 • to live the wrong way.
2 • to go after other things in life beside devotion to God.
yiwarrajula verb, intransitive (rra/la class). used to go up and down a path. Category: Motion.
yiwarrawana noun. along the track. Category: Direction and Location.
yiwilyi descriptor. satisfied. Category: Mood and Character.
yiwilyirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get satisfied. From eating, arguing, fighting. Category: Stative
Verbs.
yiyala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to let someone go. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to free someone or something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
3 • used to send. Category: Holding and Transfer.
yuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to give someone something. Yuwa-ra mirrka! Give some food to him!
Yuwa-jananya jii yarnngakuyarra! Give this to all of them! Category: Holding and Transfer.
yujunypuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to cook various animals in one hole. Category: Impact, Food
Cooking and Fire.
yukartu noun. afternoon. Category: Time.
yukartuminyirri noun. really late in the afternoon. Category: Time.
yukarturri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become afternoon. Category: Stative Verbs, Time.
yukartu-yukartu noun. late afternoon. Category: Time.
yuku interjection. 1 • joy. Yuku-ju! What joy for me! (You are going to give me something!) Category: Interjections.
2 • lucky to avoid a mishap. Yuku Mama yikipayi kurlarta wakujarra! It was a good thing that Father was standing there with his spear ready to throw. Category: Interjections.
yukula verb, transitive (la class). used to break off a plant from its roots. Category: Impact.
-yuku noun suffix. like. Similative suffix. jarntuyuku like a dog. nyuntuyuku just like you. Category: Manner and Posture.
yukunpuwa verb, transitive (wa class). used to pick on someone. May suggest constant needling of someone. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yukuri noun. green grass. Category: Plants.
yukurikurrungka noun. at a grassy place. Category: Direction and Location.
yukuriwanpa noun. green coloured thing. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
yukuri-yukuri descriptor. green. Category: Colour Pattern and Texture.
yula noun. crying person. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
yula verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to cry. Yulaku-rnalu. I will cry with her. Category: Bodily Functions,
Sounds.
yulajingala verb, transitive (la class). used to make cry. Euphamism for becoming a man. Category: Impact.
yulara yiki verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to stand there crying. Category: Stative Verbs, Manner and
Posture. Gram: With -ngu in PAST sub entry.
yularntala verb, transitive (la class). used to make someone cry. Category: Impact.
yulpari descriptor. south. Category: Direction and Location.
yulpurru noun. dust. Category: Elements.
yulupirti descriptor. 1 • always. Category: Time.
2 • for keeps. Category: Time.
yulyju noun. leaf. Category: Plants.
yumala verb, transitive (la class). used to set fire to something. E.g. spinifex grass. Category: Impact, Food
Cooking and Fire.
yumari noun. 1 • mother-in-law. Avoidance relationship. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • son-in-law. Avoidance relationship. Category: People and Kinship.
3 • father's sister. Category: People and Kinship.
4 • mother's brother's wife. Category: People and Kinship.
yumpu noun. sign of a curse. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
yumu particle. 1 • nothing. Category: Particles.
2 • for no particular reason. Yumu parra-yaninpa. He is just strolling about--for no reason. Yumulu
kurtingu. For no reason he let it go. Yumu-ya! They are nothing! (i.e., they aren't what they said
they were). Category: Particles.
yumuminyirri descriptor. really nothing. Category: Number and Quantity.
yumunyjurra verb, transitive (rra class). 1 • used to make another do something. Category: Impact.
2 • used to tempt. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
3 • used to persuade another. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
4 • used to punish. Category: Impact. Gram: With -nu in PAST headword.
yumurri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become nothing. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to become unconcerned. Category: Stative Verbs.
3 • used to give up on an issue. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
4 • used to lose one's purpose. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
5 • used to stop worrying about something. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
Yumurta! phrase. It's really nothing!
Yumurtuka! phrase. It's really nothing!
yumuwanpa noun. 1 • story. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • not direct teaching. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
3 • teaching contained in a figure. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yungkala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to throw something. E.g. a boomerang, a hitting stick. Category: Holding and Transfer.
2 • used to grind something. E.g. seeds. Category: Impact.
3 • used to spin hair (for hair string). Category: Impact.
4 • used to crank a car. Category: Impact.
5 • used to turn a windlass. Category: Impact. See: juutamula.
yungkujarra noun. kin term referring to male cousins. Category: People and Kinship.
yungkujarra noun. 1 • with a gift. Category: Dreaming and Ceremony.
2 • mainly refers to a wife who has been given by appropriate relatives. Category: People and
Kinship, Dreaming and Ceremony.
yungkuri noun. relationship term (a kind of "cousin"). Category: People and Kinship.
yungku-yungku noun. dust storm. Category: Elements. See: kurluwa.
yungunjarra noun. 1 • in the morning; with daylight. Category: Time.
2 • morning. Category: Time.
yungunkujupa noun. 1 • next morning. Category: Time.
2 • previous morning. Category: Time.
3 • another morning. Category: Time.
yungunpa noun. 1 • morning. Category: Time.
2 • tomorrow. Category: Time.
yungunpakala verb, intransitive (la class). used to become morning. Ka-laju yanu ngarringu
yungunpakarnu. And we went and slept and morning came. Category: Stative Verbs, Time.
yungun-yungunpa noun. before daylight. Category: Time.
yunturi noun. one who is sulking. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
yupalpa descriptor. 1 • few. Ngurra-rna ngarringu yupalpa. I stayed there for a few nights. Category: Number and Quantity.
2 • some. Yupalpa-laju nyininpa. There are only a few of us here in camp. Category: Number and
Quantity.
yupuji noun. office. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
yupujpa noun. office. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
yupunpa descriptor. 1 • open. Category: State.
2 • open building. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects.
yupunyju noun. nighttime. Category: Time.
yuranypa noun. species of insect. An edible insects which appear after rain--a kind of termite. Category: Insects.
yurila verb, transitive (la class). used to wipe oneself. Category: Impact.
yurlirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to die. Category: Bodily Functions.
yurlparirra descriptor. south. Category: Direction and Location.
yurlta noun. 1 • rest in camp. Category: State.
2 • have a spell. Category: State.
yurltu noun. hollow. Of a tree or log. Category: Plants, Elements.
yurlu noun. shelter. Category: Artefacts Constructions and Personal Objects, Elements.
yurl-yurlpa noun. afternoon. Category: Time.
yurna 1 • noun. pus. Category: Body Parts and Products, Healing Sickness and Ailments.
2 • descriptor. rotten. Category: State.
yurninypa noun. seed. Category: Plants.
yurnmi descriptor. 1 • ripe. Category: State.
2 • cooked. Category: State, Food Cooking and Fire.
yurnmirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to get done (of food). Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to get ripe. Category: Stative Verbs.
yurntalpa noun. 1 • daughter. Category: People and Kinship.
2 • niece (a man's sister's daughter). Category: People and Kinship.
yurntiri descriptor. 1 • sulky. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • leaving the mob in a huff. Category: Manner and Posture, Motion.
yurntula verb, transitive (la class). used to push something. Category: Holding and Transfer.
yurnturnu ngarajula verb, (rra/la class). used to reject what a boss is saying and want to go against him. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yurnturrpa noun. cloud. Category: Elements.
yurnturrpuru descriptor. cloudy. Category: State.
yurra descriptor. thirsty. Category: State.
yurrala verb, transitive (la class). used to tell a story. Not often used. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yurrarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to get thirsty. Category: Bodily Functions, Food Cooking and
Fire.
yurri noun. 1 • movement. Category: Motion.
2 • motion. Category: Motion.
yurri verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to move. Category: Motion.
yurrijingala verb, transitive (la class). 1 • used to shake some object. Category: Impact.
2 • used to move something around. Category: Impact.
yurrijula verb, transitive (rra/la class). used to cause to move. Of grass hoppers moving their wings. Category: Motion.
yurriparni descriptor. motionless. Category: State.
yurriparnirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become motionless; used to be still. Category: Motion.
yurripilyala verb, transitive (la class). used to shake something. Karlkilu-ya yurripilyarnu warta. The others
shook the tree. Category: Impact.
yurri-yurri verb, intransitive (Ø class). used to shake. Used of an earthquake. Category: Motion.
yurri-yurri descriptor. lots of movement. Category: State.
yurri-yurrirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to shake. Category: Motion.
2 • used to tremble. Used of earthquakes. Category: Motion.
yurrkanpa noun. young girl. Category: People and Kinship.
yurtijula verb, transitive (jula class). used to put something up in something. E.g., hang something up in a tree
out of the reach of the dogs. Category: Holding and Transfer.
yurtu 1 • descriptor. unaware. Category: Mood and Character.
2 • descriptor. ignorant. Category: Mood and Character.
3 • noun. one who takes no notice. Category: People and Kinship, Mood and Character.
yurturri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to stop looking at something. Category: Bodily Functions.
yurtu-yurtu descriptor. 1 • taking no notice. Category: Manner and Posture.
2 • ignoring instruction. Category: Manner and Posture.
-yuru noun suffix. like. Similative suffix. marluyuru like a marlu (plains kangaroo). Category: Manner and
Posture.
yuta noun. food. Category: Food Cooking and Fire.
yuti descriptor. 1 • visible. Category: State.
2 • permissible to look at. E.g., a man's "auntie" who doesn't have to be avoided. Yuti-ju. I can look at her (she isn't an avoidance relation). Category: State.
yutila verb, transitive (la class). used to make visible. Category: Impact.
yuti nintila verb, transitive (la class). used to teach the meaning of some written word. Category: Vocalising
and Thought.
yutijula verb, transitive (jula class). 1 • used to make something visible. Category: Impact.
2 • used to reveal something. Category: Impact.
yutimala verb, (rra/la class). 1 • used to be born. Category: Bodily Functions.
2 • used to bring to birth. Category: Bodily Functions.
yutirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become visible. Category: Stative Verbs.
2 • used to appear from hiding. Category: Motion.
3 • used to be born. Category: Stative Verbs.
4 • used to be revealed. Category: Stative Verbs.
yuu particle. yes. Category: Particles.
yuujula verb, transitive (jula class). 1 • used to say 'yes'. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to agree to something. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yuwa particle. yes. Category: Particles.
yuwajula verb, (rra/la class). 1 • used to say 'yes'. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
2 • used to agree. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
3 • used to give permission. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yuwayi particle. yes. Category: Particles.
yuwilyi descriptor. satisfied. Category: Mood and Character.
yuwilyirri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). used to become satisfied. From food or fighting. Wirla-rna
yuwilyirringu. My heart has become satisfied. Category: Stative Verbs.
yuwinarri verb, intransitive (Ø+wa class). 1 • used to become big. Category: Stative Verbs, Size Shape and
Weight.
2 • used to become mature (teenage). Category: Vocalising and Thought.
3 • used to become important. Category: Vocalising and Thought.
yuwinmarra verb, transitive (rra class). used to make large. Category: Impact, Size Shape and Weight. Gram:
With -nu in PAST headword.
yuwinpa Variant: yuwinypa. descriptor. 1 • big. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • important. Category: Value.
yuwinyji noun. 1 • woollybutt grass. Category: Plants.
2 • species of edible seed. Eragrostis eriopoda. Category: Plants, Food Cooking and Fire.
yuwinypa Variant: yuwinpa. descriptor. 1 • big. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
2 • heavy. Category: Size Shape and Weight.
ENGLISH – MARTU WANGKA
A - a
abdomen nyuru
Aboriginal and European descent, person of marta-marta
Aboriginal people who had not lived on settlements pujimanpa
Aborigine puntu
· martu
about parra-
about now kuwarrilyu
about, just nguwanpa
· jamurnpa
about, scattered jirrja
about, sneaking wura
about, used to shift something parra-muurrkati
above kanka
· katu
· kankarra
· ngarnawarra
· kankararra
Abraham Yipurampa
accidentally bump, used to kakalpuwa
accidentally hit, used to kakalpuwa
accidently watarrku
accomplishment, proud of muku-muku
accuse another face to face, used to kuru wajala
across pirra-pirra
· -wati
across, motion wati-
act cleverly, used to wangurri
action, intermittent -ti~
action, the one doing -nyja
action, used to repeat an yarrala
activity, sound of jaarlurrparlurrpa
affected by -ngkamarra
afraid, used to be ngurlurri
after kurlunga
· marla
after another, one purrini-purrini
after sunset mungarr-mungarrpa
after that palunyajanu
after then palunyajanu
afternoon yurl-yurlpa
· karrpulpi
· yukartu
afternoon, late yukartu-yukartu
· ruka
afternoon, really late in the yukartuminyirri
afternoon, used to become yukarturri
afternoon, very late ruka-ruka
afterwards marlakarti
again wituka
· kinpa
again and again -na~
again, used to do something yarrala
against ngalyangkarrka
age-mate yarlpu
age-mates, all of the yarlpururran
age-mates, two yarlpururra
agent, suffix -ju
ago, long nyukurni
· julyju
agree to something, used to yuujula
agree, used to yuwajula
agressive jarr-jarrpa
ahead kurranyu
· kurranyi
ahead, really kurranyu-kurranyu
ahead, used to cause someone to go kurranyirra
ahead, used to charge partu-partula
aimless ngukarri
alcohol wamajanu
alcohol, person addicted to wamapayi
alcoholic drinks wama
alight, used to be tilingara
alive wanka
alive, used to make someone wankala
all wulikaja
· yarnnga
all of the age-mates yarlpururran
all over the place parlparri
all the sons kajapirti
all the time, sick ngarntapirla
all together wulikaja
all!, thats nyamurtuka
almost jamurnpa
· nguwanpa
almost did -ngkungara
almost, but not quite -lngara
alone nganyjarrpa
alone in the middle jarntilyirri
alone, used to become minyjilarri
alone, used to leave jurra
along -wana
along here ngaawana
along that way jiiwati
along the beach purnuwana
along the ground parnawana
along the sky ngarnkawana
along the track yiwarrawana
along there, used to go palawanarri
along, creeping wura
already jurntu
· -kaja
already did something -nkumarranypa
already happened jurntulpi
also -lurrju
· wituka
always wulu
· kakuputu
· yulupirti
amazed nyunurra
amazed, used to be karratarri
· kuru majurri
· kuru jumarri
among the trees wartapuru
ancestor jamu
ancestors, male jamunyjanirri
and kaa
· ka
Andrew Yanturu
angrily jurtany-jurtany
angry pika
· rarru
· wirrilyi
angry person ngalya rarru
angry, person who is wirrilyipayi
angry, used to become rarrurri
· wirrilyirri
angry, used to cause to be wirrilyimala
angry, used to get wirrilyirri
· pikarri
angry, used to make wirrilyirra
angry, used to stir up and make jaarramula
animal kingkilypa
· kuka
animal intestine, used to squeeze faeces from junyipuwa
animal skin kiinpa
animal track, used to smell parntilkatiwa
animal which bites jikipala
animal with young japuwinti
· japunyjarra
animal, edible kuwiyi
animal, fat rulypu
animal, lively person or pikalya
animal, savage pikalya
animal, young nyamanypa
animals, young kurlunypa
ankle luku
another kujupa
· kujupa
· -kujupa
another day karrpukujupa
· karrpuyampajara
another morning yungunkujupa
another one najawanpa
· -yampajara
another way kujupawayi
another, and -kamu
answering back jari-jari
ant minga
· pinga
ant hill tiipa
ant, bull karntakara
ant, white manyjurrpa
anteater manganya
· minguwa
anteater, spiny jilkamarta
Antioch Yantiyukpa
ants manyuru
anus kuna
anything? wurtu
apart partuka
apart, used to take something wupulypuwa
apostle jakurlpurluka
appear from hiding, used to yutirri
appear then disappear kapurr-kapurrjula
appear, used to pakala
appeared, large group paka-pakala
approaching kalkurnijarra
area, sacred ngurlu
argue, used to paanypuwa
argument jurtakarra
argumentative jarr-jarrpa
arm mirna
· marumpu
· mara
arm in arm winijarra
armpit kiti-kiti
arms, used to raise someone's ngarnawarrajingala
· kankajingala
arms, used to take in yampula
army warnmarla
· jawulyjakaja
around parra-
around, going kurirri
around, turning nyankarra
around, used to turn kupirlangkawa
· kalkurnirri
· kupirlpuwa
around, used to turn something kupurljingala
around, waiting watanypa
arrangements for some activity, They are making Wangkaya pungkuni
arrangements to make jumangkarrala
arrive after some incident, used to marlapuwa
arrive following another, used to marlapuwa
arrive, used to warinykati
· pakala
arrived, large group paka-pakala
arrow yaruwu
arrow, bow and puukamu yaru
artefact, reed jinyjira
ash colour jurnpaly-jurnpalypa
ashamed kurnta
ashamed, used to become kurntarri
ashamed, used to cause to be kurtangkala
ashamed, used to make another kurntajula
ashes jurnpa
ashes onto the skin, used to rub nyutila
ask someone to accompany a person, used to walala
ask, used to japila
· jamartapuwa
· ngajila
assemble, used to wururri
· wumurri
at -rta
· -ngka
· -ja
· -ja
· -ta
at night mungangka
at one end mulyakarti
at the edge mulya yikini
attracted to men kirtapayi
attractive wanganypa
augment -pa
auntie kurntili
aunties and mothers pipinyurra
authority, person who pays attention to pinalkarra
authority, submissive to nyira
authority, used to become submissive to nyirarri
avoid touching, used to wanti
avoidance jutu-jutu
avoidance speech Yapura-yapura
awake kana
awake?, Are you still Kanamarta-n
away mawu-
away from mawu
away from family manyjarra
away from me -jura
away from the mob yitingka
· japirrpa
away from the speaker maa-
away, far tiwa
· wirrili
away, Get Maa!
away, right kuwarringulyu
away, used to climb maa-takala
away, used to send junkula yarra
away, used to shift something muurrkati
away, used to shoo manypuwa
away, used to take it maa-kati
axe marti
· kaana
· yilipi
· kaju
B - b
baby jiji
baby at the lying stage ngarrilara
baby at the sitting stage nyinalurru
baby talk juuwa
back warnnga
· marla
· marlaku
· murrpu
back east kakarrawarraku
back of the neck, on nyankanyuku
back something up, used to murrurri
back, carry on one's jarnala
back, lower kala
· narnma
back, used to carry on one's jarnangkakati
back, used to get on someone's jarnangkarri
back, used to go marlayarra
back, used to put on one's jarnangkala
back, used to turn pijurriwa
backward look, a nyankarra
backwards murru
backwards, make someone walk jayira wanala
bad walyku
· kuya
· puta
bad one walykuwanpa
bad person or thing walykuwanpa
bad tasting water kalyjirrpa
bad thing, used to do a walykula
bad things about others, says jaaputa
bad, reckon oneself jankawa
bad, used to become putarri
bad, used to get walykurri
bad, used to make walykumarra
bag kurtanpa
bag sack payiki
baking powder pikinpawutu
bald ngalya pararra
· kata purli
bald head katakampu
Balfore Downs Palpatawunpa
banana, bush karlkula
bandage pantiji
bandage a wound, used to pantimula
bandage something, used to karrpila
bandicoot marnkarrpa
bands, decorative chest wirrki-wirrki
bang tarl
bangle riingu
bangs, lots of loud tarl-tarlkaja
bank payingki
bank of a creek, the yirrirri
bank of creek tartalpa
bank of the creek, from the tartaljanu
bank, on the yirrirrikarti
Barabbas Parapajpa
barb of spear tarlku
· tarlka-tarlka
barbs ngarlirrpa
bark from tree, used to get likarrala
bark of tree likarra
bark off tree, used to strip likarrapuwa
bark sandles mangarrpa
· malkapiri
bark, used to get from tree likarrala
barley paali
Barnabas Panapajpa
barren country pararra
base of tail of kangaroo jirrji
base of tree jirrji
bash a person around while keeping them, used to pungkula kanyila
bat, a jarti
bathe oneself, used to jarlawa
bathe, used to kurruwa
bauhinia tree jikarra
be born, used to yutirri
be careful! wurlkumarta
be horizontal in position, used to ngarri
be, might -mpa
be, used to nyina
beach, along the purnuwana
bean tree, species of pinarti
beard ngarnkurrpa
beard, person with a ngarnkurrjarra
beat another at a game, used to piitamula
beat another at an argument, used to winarri
beat another at racing or in competition, used to piitamula
beat someone, used to watala
beat time with boomerangs, used to tijilpuwa
beautiful, used to make jurimala
became weak, his spirit Wiyurrpa palyjalyarringu
because -janu
· jiiyurungkamarra
because of -jamarra
· -ngkamarra
beckon, used to witula
become a law breaker , used to kunkarri
become a man, used to punturri
· marturri
become alone, used to minyjilarri
become angry , used to wirrilyirri
become angry, used to rarrurri
become aware of danger, used to jukururri
become bad, used to putarri
become bereft of family, used to minyjilarri
become big, used to jumarri
· karlkarri
· yuwinarri
become blind, used to pampururri
become bloated, used to raparrkurri
become calm, used to mitirlarri
become cautious, used to pukunyarri
become cheeky, used to jurtawartarri
· jari-jarirri
become clear, used to mururri
become cold, used to yaltarri
become completely silent, used to wurtuwa
become dark, used to mungajarrarri
· mungarri+Ø
become dark-coloured marurri
become daytime, used to raakawa
become deaf ngakumparri
become dim, used to puwalyarr
become dried up, used to yarntinarri
become dull, used to puwalyarr
become envious, used to muyurrarri
become excreta, used to pilkirri
become fat, used to jinyjimamarri
become frightened karratarri
become full, used to palyjarri
· munkurri
become happy, used to pukurlarri
become hollow, used to raku-rakurri
become homesick kujilarri
become hot, used to rarrurri
become hungry, used to kalyparturri
become in the north kayilirri
become irrelevant, used to pinyirri
become jealous, used to nyararri
· mikurri
become less than before, used to yarurri
become light/day karrpurri
become loose, used to yirnirri
become lost, used to kawarlirri
become lower, used to nyirrirri
become mad ngakumparri
become mad/deaf/confused kawarn-kawarnarri
become morning, used to yungunpakala
become motionless, used to yurriparnirri
become night, used to mungajarrarri
become nothing, used to yumurri
· wiyarri
· munurri
· wiyarri
become old, used to jirlpirri
become one, used to kujungkarri
· kujurri
become orphaned?, used to pinyirri
become overweight, used to jinyjimamarri
become pregnant, used to munkurri
become quiet, used to kurnurri
become red, used to miji-mijirri
become ripe, used to munyjulyarri
become rubbish, used to pinyirri
· minyjilyarri
become satisfied, used to jarrulyurri
· yuwilyirri
· muku-mukurri
become secret, used to kumpirri
become sensible kuranarri
become serious minyirrarri
become simple-minded ngakumparri
become skinny, used to tarrkala
become small jukurri
become smooth, used to jiralyarri
become something -rri~
become something else, used to kujuparri
become something, used to -arri
become sonless or daughterless, used to yilyurri
become stiff, used to narntungula
become sunny, used to jirnturri
become sweaty, used to jinymirlarri
become swollen shut, used to juulyarri
become swollen, used to raparrkurri
· mulyjarrarri
become tired jaka-jakarri
become twisted, used to lupurri
become uncertain, used to taju-tajurri
become unconcerned, used to yumurri
become uneasy, used to ralpurrarri
become upset, used to jurtarri
become visible, used to miralarri
· yutirri
become well, used to palyarri
becoming daytime karrpurrinyja
bed piiti
· paangka
bee, honey jantaru muunurrku
bees jurtipirri
· jantaru
before julyju
before daylight yungun-yungunpa
before too late karrpulpi
before whitefellas came kartiyaparningka
before you came nyuntupunajangka
before, less than yaru
before, like yangkayuru
beg, used to ngajila
beggar ngajijaka
behind marla
· marlakarti
behind back, hands wayarurru
behind, used to get marlarri
behind, used to leave someone junu yarra
being, cannibal jaamiji-miji
bellbird, crested warnparnparlarla
belly, big juniwarta
belong, used to raapamula
belonging to -mili
belonging to someone, something ngulyu
belongings purninpa
· purnunpa
· wartakaja
· jantulpa
belongs above ngarnawarrapurluka
belongs to a thing or place ngurrara
belt, hair nanpa
bend over, used to pupa
bend to straighten, used to wartula
beneath the stars kurtalyapurungka
benefactive focus suffix -mpa
Benjamin Pinjimanpa
bent lupu
bereaved parent kampurta
bereaved parent, a kampu
bereaved parents kampukujarra
bereft of family, used to become minyjilarri
berries become ripe, the mirrka kampa~
berry, species of nganungu
· yawalyurru
beside -wati
beside here ngaawati
Bethany Piijani
Bethlehem Pijiliyampa
· Pijiliyamu
beware! wurlkumarta
beyond munkarra
big jarlu
· yuwinypa
· juma
· yuwinpa
· purlka
· jumawarta
· karlka
· maju
big belly, a juniwarta
big boy jumanyjarri
· majunyjarri
big fire taarru
big man yirna jukumunu
big man, used to mistakenly think someone is a jumakukala
big mob japalpa
· wumungka
big one majuwarta
big person kaluyarntu
big stones karlka-karlkakaja
big toe mamartura
big, too lalypa
big, used to become yuwinarri
· karlkarri
big, used to get majurri
· jarlurri
big, used to make majumarra
big, used to make something jumala
biggest jumanyjarri
· majunyjarri
biggest one, the majujara
bird nyarlpijarra
· turru
· yiilurru
· pilurnpa
· wiru
bird flower jakapiri
bird's nest niijpa
bird, nestling marraka
bird, species of kiinirri
· katamijimiji
· piiny-piinypa
birthday paajayi
birthplace yinta
bit for mouth of a horse piitpa
bitch milkarrpa
bite something, used to pajala
bitter kawirlpa
· kalyjirr
· wunya
black maru-maru
· mungapuru
black and white kurtirl-kurtirlpa
black gidgee marntila
black, used to make marumala
blackboy tree nyurntilirri
blackheads jaminypa
blame someone, used to ngukala
bland wunya
blanket pulanykarti
· warntu
blemish puta
blind kurujutu
· pampuru
blind, used to become pampururri
blind, used to make pampurula
blink, used to (of an eye) paarrmala
bloated raparrku
bloated, used to become raparrkurri
block a blow, used to ngarlkila
block a person's way, used to pulakamula
blockage, used to break a tangkurrpuwa
blockage, used to unplug a tangkurrpuwa
bloke, good pakipayi
blood miji
blood clot lungu
bloodwood tree mijarrpa
blossom purrungu
blow air from mouth, used to puula
blow on something, used to puyula
blow out, used to tarlpala
blow, used to wangalju yungkala
blow, used to block a ngarlkila
bluetongue lizard lungkurta
· lungkarta
blunt naja
· nalya
· karalypa
blurred paly-palypa
blurred, used to become paly-palyarri
blurry paalypaalypa
boastful jarntarrngarapa
· jari-jari
boasting person marnin-marninpa
boat puutpa
body yarnangu
· kawu
body hair wurna
boil, a kurnturru
bold punparrju
· pirrka
· pirrkawanpa
bone tarrka
bone, leg tarrka
bone, used to split for marrow janyipuwa
bones, used to clean jalyirrjala
bonfire taarru
book mili-mili
boomerang yirrkili
· karli
boomerang, toy wuupayinpa
boomerang, type of warlanu
boomerangs together, used to rattle timpirirripuwa
boomerangs, used to beat time with tijilpuwa
boots jantaparrpa
bore sample holes in the earth for mining samples, used to puuramula
bore, used to make a tapurrpuwa
born, used to be yutirri
· yutimala
· puunarri
· kururri
borrow, used to ngajirri
boss nyampali
· maaja
bosses, government kapamanpa
both sides kujarrakarti
bottle paatulpa
bottom marna
boulder, huge yarlawara
bounce along, used to kakal-kakalpuwa
bounce off ground, used to turrkulangkawa
bounce off the ground, used to jitapajala
bow and arrow puukamu yaru
bow one's head, used to nyuwurrarri
bowed head malurrpa
boy murtilya
boy with unpierced nasal septum mulyajutu
boy, big jumanyjarri
· majunyjarri
boy, young jarrkanpa
boys, small, group of murtilya-murtilya
brag about oneself, used to marninpuwa
brain nyunyunyu
branch lalapa
branch of tree pirrpilya
branch out, used to mirnalarri
branch, in a fork of a karlkajarrangka
branches kurrkalpa
branching out, something jarrapa-jarrapa
brand puranta
brash kurntaparni
brave punparrpa
· kurrurnpa wiltu
· raka
· panyanyju
· pirrka
· ngurluparni
· punparrju
brave person rakajarra
brave, used to make punparrmala
bread puritpa
bread, loaf of karlu-karlu
· yampalpa
break (day), used to raakawa
break a blockage, used to tangkurrpuwa
break a damper, used to tampirrpuwa
break a promise, used to jamarta warla
break off a plant from its roots, used to yukula
break off firewood, used to murnila
break off, used to tukunypuwa
break or smash with an axe, used to kaartala
break something, used to warlawa
· karljarrpuwa
· karlpuwa
· kaarlala
· karljarrkawa
· kaarlpuwa
break up something, used to jarralypuwa
break up, used to raayala
break, used to warlawa
· karalyala
breakaway country wankurlpari
breast ngapurlu
· pipi
· ngama
breast milk pipi
· ngapurlu
breast milk, ngama
breath ngaanypa
breath, used to gasp for rangamala
breathe, used to ngaanymala
bridge of nose nyurru-nyurru
· jirntajarra
bright yalyjirrpa
bright, really karrpuminyirri
bring back, used to jurntala
bring to birth, used to yutimala
bring together, used to kujungkala
bring, used to kawa
· kati
broadcast, used to yarlpirri wangka
broken heart wirla karalyanu
brother's wife, mother's yumari
brother, mother's kamuru
· kamparnu
· kaka
brother, older pupu
· papartu
· kurta
brother, older, person and kurtararra
brother, woman's nyarrumpa
brother-in-law mariji
· makurta
· wajirra
· makurnta
brush away something, used to puranypuwa
brush dirt off something , used to kuralypuwa
brush off burnt fur, used to purtilpuwa
brush off, used to pantupuwa
bucket pakita
bucking manganpa
buckle a belt, used to tinkijurra
buckle up, used to yilpijula
· nanpajurra
build a nest, used to jangkujula
build a shelter, used to wuungkujula
build fire, used to jungula
build up a fire, used to nyuyula
building, open yupunpa
bull ant karntakara
bullock puluku
bullock or other meat animal kila
bump accidentally, used to kakalpuwa
bump into something, used to paampumula
bumping into someone wapukarlpa
bumps on skin putaly-putalypa
bunches of fruit latu-latu
bundle wurnti
bundle of possessions jantulpa
bundle, with jantuwinti
bung eye kurujuulypa
burn something, used to kampala
burn, used to kampa
burning fur smell jilururru
burning stick, used to touch with nyilyjijula
burnt fur, used to brush off purtilpuwa
burp, used to ngitarnmala
burst into flames, used to jarrangkawa
burst, used to taalpala
bury something, used to tuunyjula
· jampajula
bury, used to tuunjula
bush purnu
bush banana karlkula
bush potato kulyu
· mata
bush shelter kanaja
bush time, used to describe pujimanpa
bush tobacco japiya
· jurntilyarr
bush tomato pura
· jinyjiwirrily
bush turkey jarrki
· ngarnurti
· ngarlpunyji
· tarrki
bush, green birdflower malkapiri
· mangarrpa
bushes, in the purnupuru
business, unsettled kamparr-kamparr
business, used to plan important jumangkarrala
bustard tarrki
· ngarnurti
· ngarlpunyji
busy ngarru
butt of spear kuna
buttocks marna
buy, used to payamula
buzzing noise, used to make nyirrmala
buzzy insect muunurrku-nurrku
C - c
cabbage gum kirtingarli
Caiaphas Kayapajpa
calf of leg nganyju
call another to your camp, used to wikarrala
call out ceremonially, used to yayilurrupuwa
call out for someone, used to parlmala
call out, used to raamala
· yarltiwa
· mirra
call someone, used to mirra
· witula
calm yatarnpa
· mulypa
· mitirlpa
calm and peaceful wirla yalta-yalta
calm down, used to mulyarri
calm weather tilykuru
calm, used to become mitirlarri
calmness kaaly
camel kawajawalpa
· kamalpa
· murtitikirlpa
camp ngurra
camp for single people kirriji
camp, rest in yurlta
camp, to the ngurrakarti
camp, used to ngarri
camp, used to come into warinykati
· ngurrangkarri
camp, used to level ground for runngula
camp, used to prepare paljula
camping out ngurrakarta
can't purtu
· kanpa
Canaan Kayinanpa
cannibal martu-martu
cannibal being jaamiji-miji
cannibal devil jangara
canvas kaliki
Capernaum Kapaniyampa
· Kapaniyamu
capture, used to ngampapuwa
car mutuka
car engine running, noise of a nguntirrila
car, old time jitartu-jitartu
car, used to crank a yungkala
car, used to drive kawa
card, six Jikulyungu
· jikaji
care ngampurrpa
care for, used to ngampurrju kanyila
care of, used to take ngampurrmala
careful pukunypa
careful, used to be wulkurri
carefully pukunyju
· purrkara
carefully, used to handle something pukunymala
caring karratanyju
carpenter kapanta
carry an object on the head, used to pangula
carry on head, to jarlijarra
carry on head, used to jarlila
carry something on back of neck, used to warati
carry something on head or shoulders jarli kati
carry something on one's head jarlitiwa
carry, on one's back jarnala
carry, used to kati
· kawa
carve wood, used to jinkala
case marker, dative -ku
case marker, ergative -tu
cat, feral jujukulyu
cat, native tarnpa
caterpillars, processional marlurlu-marlurlu
cattle station tiijanpa
caught in something, used to get ngarrala
causative -rnta~
cause -ngkamarra
cause a gathering together, used to mirrjula
cause a glow, used to rantala
cause a person to be old, used to jirlpimala
cause a person to go another way, used to kujupawanala
cause a person to live wrongly, used to kujupawanala
cause an odour, used to parntijula
cause happiness by an action, used to pukurlmala
cause madness, used to ngakumpala
cause sickness, used to ngarntamala
cause something to be rubbish, used to minyjilymala
cause the hair to go grey, used to jirlpimala
cause to be angry, used to wirrilyimala
cause to be ashamed, used to kurtangkala
cause to be in the middle, used to kutu
cause to be quiet, used to yatarnmala
cause to fall, used to punkajula
cause to go a long way off, used to wirrirlimala
cause to move yurrijula
caution ngampurrpa
cautious jukuru
· pukunypa
cautious, used to become pukunyarri
cave jarri
· pirnki
· jurnti
cave, used to make pirnkila
centre of the mob, used to come to kuturri
ceremonial decorations ngurtarla
ceremonial language name Yapura-yapura
ceremonial leaves jalyirrpa
ceremonial meat gift yinyjanu
ceremonial meat or food gift mirtayirti
ceremonial mourners karnku
ceremonial participants jinyjanungu
· jinyjanu
ceremonial workers jinyjanungu
ceremonially, used to call out yayilurrupuwa
ceremonies, sacred series of Tingarri
ceremony name Nyarnayi
· Wala-walangu
ceremony, decoration for winta-winta
ceremony, funeral Laka
ceremony, greeting milyangkulypa
ceremony, Law Maliki
certain information, one who knows nintilumarta
certainty suffix -ngulyu
chain jiinpa
chain some object securely, used to jiirnmuntula
chair nyinapinti
· jiiya
change a message, used to kujupakartila
change another, used to kujupamala
change money into smaller amounts, used to jiinyjamula
characterising suffix -rurru
· -puru
· -puri
· -rninti
· -warta
· -kurru
· -payi
· -puka
· -marta
· -para
charcoal miirnti
· ngamurru
charge ahead, used to partu-partula
chariot turila
chase around, used to parrayila
chase something, used to kurlpura wanala
· ngurlula
· kurlpula
cheap one jiipwanpa
cheat, used to jitimula
cheeky pirrka
· pirrkawanpa
cheeky person jari-jari
· pirrkawarta
cheeky, used to become jari-jarirri
· jurtawartarri
chest ngarrka
chest bands, decorative wirrki-wirrki
chiefly a community of white people tawunu
child jiji
· parrka
· ngulyi
· ngumurlpa
child that can sit alone nyinalara
child who can crawl wayilara
child who has learned to speak wangkakurlu
child, as a japukurlu
child, first-born murrkangunya
child, middle malyurta
child, newborn jiji kuwarrijanu
child, used to have jijiwintirri
child, used to have a jijikurlurri
child, used to lose by death kampurri
child, used to raise jumala
child, youngest nyirti
· nyirtingunya
childhood, since japujanu
childless jijikanyilmunu
children born after the others jijilarlakarti
· jijimarlajanu
children, no jijikanyilmunu
children, older woman with many jijiyarnngajarra
children, spirit jijikarrkaly
children, woman with many jijilaltujarra
chip something, used to pirtapuwa
chisel jimirlirri
chisel, small jintapalpa
choke someone, used to kiirntarra
choke, used to kinpirrjula
choose something, used to marra
chop a wedge, used to tingkila
chop something, used to janyipuwa
· kartala
· yatula
· putala
Christ Kuraji
· Kurayijpa
Christmas Day jukurta tayimu
Christmas pudding putingu
church jaaji
· jaajpa
cicada jiirrirri
circle of people jarnarti-jarnarti
· jarnayirra-jarnayirra
circle, sitting in a jarnayirra-jarnayirra
· jarnarti-jarnarti
circles, used to go around in rangkarriyarra
claim, used to kalayimula
clamp knees, used to ngurtila
clay yamarla
clay, white wira
· juurnpa
· kakinypa
· karlji
claypan linyji
claypan, large warla
claypan, name of a Pirrkili
clean kilinpala
clean bones, used to jalyirrjala
clean or wipe dry with a cloth etc wayipamula
clean out, used to parntupuwa
clean something with water , used to kuralypuwa
clean, used to kilinpalala
cleaning seeds from fruit, stick for pirrkiri
clear palya
· junga
clear following punishment for breaking the law muru
clear, not too paly-palypa
clear, used to become mururri
clearly visible mirangarra
clever yalyjirrpa
clever person nintipuka
· pinalkarra
cleverly, used to act wangurri
clicking noise, used to make a tilkirrmala
clicking or rattling noise tilykirrmala
cliff, too steep to climb jiwalykarra
climb away to maa-takala
climb, used to tatila
· takala
climb, used to cause an animal to tatijula
close ngamu
· kinti
close by jungulkirra
close to the speaker yangarra
close together ngamulkirra
close up stomach incision, used to tipinypuwa
· tipinyjula
close up, used to jutula
closed jutu
· murltu
closed up tirnu
closed, used to become juturri
closer!, Come Ngamumarta!
closer!, Get Kintimarta!
closer, used to get ngamurri
clot of blood lungu
clothes kulujpa
· kuluju
· wara
· wararri
clothing, one who has no food or maralpa
cloud yurnturrpa
cloud coming, used to see jalurapuwa
cloud going along jalurayarra
cloud, type of jalura
cloudy yurnturrpuru
clubs suit pujikatu
clubs, suit of kaarlapu
coals, hot lunngu
coat kuutu
· kuutpa
· kuurtu
cockatoo, species of ngakalyalya
· kakalyalya
cocky-boy kakipuwi
cogitate, used to wuurr kulila
coin yalyi
· purli
cold yalta
cold, a kinti-kinti
cold, used to become yaltarri
cold, very yalta-yalta
coldness, used to feel come over one kaalypuwa
collect, used to jurntala
collision wapukarlpa
colour of ash jurnpaly-jurnpalypa
coloured hair, light jilyarrkura
column of smoke puyungara
COM -jarra
comb hair, used to kuumula
come along the creek, used to karruwanarri
come back, used to marlakurri
come close, not kintirri
come into camp, used to ngurrangkarri
· warinykati
come off, used to wupulyangkawa
come out, used to warntikala
come to the centre of the mob, used to kuturri
come, used to yarra
coming this way kalkurnijarra
command a person to some action, used to wirtula
community council kanjulpa
companion marlpa
companions -jirri
complete number wulikaja
completely covered pulpu-pulpu
completive suffix -lmarranypa
· -nkumarranypa
· -nirra
· -marranypa
compliment, used to ngukurnmala
conceal quickly, used to mutula
conception totem, jarrinypa
concern, personal watapirti
condemn to death, used to mitujurra
confident panyanyju
· punparrpa
· kurrurnpa wiltu
confident, used to make murlpirrmarra
· punparrmala
conflict jurta
confuse, used to ngakumpala
confused kawarn-kawarnpa
confused, used to become kawarn-kawarnarri
confusion of sounds jaarlurrparlurrpa
congratulate, used to ngukurnmala
conjunction parrinya
· nyangka
conscious kana
constantly whip slaves, used to pungkula kanyila
consume food, used to ngalkula
consume, used to ngala
container wampurnpa
· jilpurnpa
· kartaku
container, water kalyupinti
continual, used to be wulurri
continually wulu
continually think about a problem wuurr kulila
continued to do something jalypajunu
continuous tense, future -ngamalpa
continuous tense, imperative -ngama
contrary to expectation ngaampa
converse, used to wangkanypuwa
cook something, used to paala
· kujala
· kampala
cook various animals in one hole, used to yujunypuwa
cook, a paalpa
cook, used to kampa
cooked yurnmi
· munyjulypa
cooking stones, hot kanyanpa
· yapanpa
cool place yalta-yalta
coolness kaaly
copy an action, used to mapa
corner something, used to ngampapuwa
corpse kawu
· minyi-minyi
· pinyi-pinyi
correct kalyjirrpa
· yintulpa
· yirnku
correct, used to jungala
correctly, used to live junga nyina
costume, men's naka
cough wirla nguntu
cough, a kinti-kinti
cough, used to kinilypuwa
council, community kanjulpa
count something, used to yiilyjula
count, used to kantamula
· kawuntamula
country parna
· warrarnpa
country, barren pararra
country, breakaway wankurlpari
country, flat parlkarra
country, home ngurrara
country, plains pararra
country, spinifex parulyukurru
countryman ngulyju
couple in a wrong relationship ngakajirra
couple, used to tinkijurra
coupler -kamu
coupling suffix -rra
· -yirra
· -rarra
course!, of pintupi
· -nyu
cousin makurnta
· wajirra
· makurta
cousin of a woman juwari
cousins, male juwarrparra
· yungkujarra
cousins, two female juwarirra
cover mouth, used to jaamurtula
cover something up, used to jatamapula
cover something, used to pulpujula
cover up, used to juulyjula
cover with dirt, used to tuunyiki
cover, used to jutula
covered with red ochre pujurrpara
covered, completely pulpu-pulpu
covering, pubic jani
coward ngurlujaka
cowardly mujarri
crack and spill, used to pintilyangkawa
crack something, used to pintilykawa
· patalypuwa
· pintilypuwa
crack, used to yarrangkawa
· yaarrangkawa
· yarrkatiwa
cracking noise when breaking a stick tiilymala
crackling sound, used to make tiilywangka
crafty person wangurlpa
crafty, used to get wangurri
cramp wuly-wulypa
cramp, used to get a wuly-wulyarri
crank a car, used to yungkala
crawl about, used to parra-wayila
crawl, used to marala
· wayila
create something, used to palyala
creation place nyuka
creature, fat jinyjimarta
creature, feathered nyarlpijarra
creek karru
creek is full of water, the Wirla ngarrinpa
creek junction karlkanyjarra
· karlkajarra
creek, bank of tartalpa
creek, from the bank of the tartaljanu
creek, full karru wirla
creek, side of tartalpa
creek, the bank of a yirrirri
creek, the side of a yirrirri
creek, used to come along the karruwanarri
creep along, used to wura yarra
creep up on something, used to wurayarra
creeping along wura
crested bellbird warnparnparlarla
crested pigeon jarrarlakari
crime, used to get away with janarrirri
crippled mukuntu
criticise, used to minyjilypa jurra
· minyjilymala
crocodile kakatayilpa
crooked turli-turli
crookedly, used to throw kikirijula
cross a creek or road, used to kurujumula
cross cousin relationship jamirti
cross over, used to kartanypuwa
crossed, legs karnajarlpi
crow pinyi ngalku
· jakilarta
· wangkurna
· waaku
· kaarnka
crowd, at japalja
crunch on something, used to murrjala
crush leaves, used to kanyjangkuwa
crush something, used to kuurrpuwa
· kurrpuwa
cry out, used to kiirlmala
cry, used to ula
· yula
· wula
cry, used to make someone yularntala
crying person yula
cup kaapu
· panikinpa
curled up wingka
· mulyji
curled up on the edges, with a hat wingkawinti
curly turli-turli
curse someone, used to wuramala
curse, sign of a yumpu
customarily murrarni
customs luwu
cut hair, used to katapuwa
cut off a piece, used to katupuwa
cut off, used to tawunpuwa
cut something, used to wirrkala
· kurntala
cut up meat, used to, jarralypuwa
cut, used to katuwa
D - d
daddy tati
damper yampalpa
damper, used to break a tampirrpuwa
damper, used to make julyujula
damper, used to make a yampaljurra
damper, used to put on hot coals janmajula
dance yaku
dance steps jina
dance, a ninyji-ninyji
· pirrilyji
dance, used to yakurri
· kantula
· taanjirri
· nyarnpipuwa
· jurrkapuwa
· nyarnpi
dancing yakurripayi
danger, sense of jukuru
danger, used to become aware of jukururri
dangerous person jinakarrpil
· warnapa
dark mungajarra
dark, getting mungarr-mungarrpa
dark, used to become mungajarrarri
· mungarri+Ø
dark-coloured maru
· maru-maru
dark-coloured, used to become marurri
darken, used to mungarri+Ø
darkness wirlarrapunaja
· munga
dative case marker -ku
daughter yurntalpa
daughter and mother jarnimirri
daughter/mother relationship jarnimirrirarra
daughter-in-law ngunyarri
daughterless or sonless, used to become yilyurri
David Tayipitpa
dawn kanarangu
dawn, used to raakawa
· raayala
day ngurra
day after tomorrow karrpukujupa
day before yesterday karrpukujupa
day break, used to raakawa
day time karrpuwati
day's outing purikarta
day, another karrpuyampajara
Day, Christmas jukurta tayimu
daylight!, Do while still Karrpungkalpi!
daylight, before yungun-yungunpa
daylight, while karrpukurlu
daylight, with yungunjarra
daytime karrpu
daytime hunting trip karrila
daytime, becoming karrpurrinyja
daytime, during karrpungka
daytime, used to become raakawa
dead marlkarri
· mitu
· pukurra
dead ancestors mitunyjanirri
· mitunyjarri
dead person nguyuwarra
dead person, a marlkarri
dead relation, a reminder of tawun-tawunpa
deaf ngakumpa
· kawarn-kawarnpa
deaf, used to become kawarn-kawarnarri
· ngakumparri
death, used to lose a child by kampurri
debts, one who remembers to pay his pinalkarra
deceive, used to paki kajala
· mirnijurra
deceiver mayunyju
deceiving ones pakikajalpa
decision, used to take a wangka puwa
decorate something, used to walkajula
decoration for a ceremony winta-winta
decoration, men's wooden kukulypa
decorations, ceremonial ngurtarla
decorations, used to put on kukulyjula
decorative chest bands wirrki-wirrki
decorative marks walka
decrease, used to japurri
deep kaninypa
· mulyju
deep in kaninyjarrawarraku
defecate, used to kunala
defiant warrparn-warrparnpa
deflect something, used to pirtapuwa
demonstrated, do as jilanyala
descend, used to tiputi
· tirriti
· tupiti
· tukikala
· tupukala
· tikukala
· tipukala
descend, used to cause another to tirrijula
descendant marlajanu
descriptive of an expensive diamond puukuwana
desert dweller pujimanpa
desert oak wikirrpa
Desert Pea, Sturts marlukururrpa
desert poplar karntarangu
desert, nomadic period in the pujimanpa
design walka
design, good juri
design, poor juriparni
desire to have sex muyurra
determined kurrurnpa kuju
determined, used to become manngarri
devil malpu
· mamu
· martu-martu
devil (jana), like a type of janayuru
devil, cannibal jangara
devil, giant jangara
devil, kind of kukurrpa
· pampa
· jarnpa
· jana
· mungayanu
· jaamiji-miji
devil, mountain mingari
· ngiyari
· kataputa
devotion to God, to go after other things in life beside yiwarra kujupa wanarnu
dew jinymirlpa
· kayukura
dialect name Kiyajarra
· Warnmanpa
diamond tayimunpa
diamond, expensive, descriptive of puukuwana
diarrhoea jurninyjirri
did something -nu
· -rnu
· -ngu
did something, already -nkumarranypa
die, used to wiyarri
· yurlirri
· miturri
· pukurrarri
· marlkarrirri
different idea kuran kujupa
different way, used to be kujupakartirri
different, really kujupa-kujupa
different, used to make something kujupakartila
dig a cavelike hole, used to pirnkila
dig a shallow place jararrpuwa
dig along, used to jawara wanala
dig, used to jawala
digging dish wangkulyi
digging stick wana
dim paly-palypa
· puwalypa
dim, used to become puwalyarr
· paly-palyarri
dingo ngupanu
· tingku
· warnapari
dinner tina
dip grass sop into nectar , used to minala
dip in liquid, used to jarlajula
dip in the road takurru
dip something in, used to tupulyjula
direction, easterly kakarrakarta
direction, in that nyarrawaka
direction, northerly kayili-kayili
directional suffix -karta
· -waki
· -rra
directly to a destination, go quickly or wuna
dirty parnapara
dirty person jaartipala
disagreeable person jukurupayi
· parlanpayi
disagreeable toward someone mingarrpa
· parlanpa
disappear, appear then kapurr-kapurrjula
disbelieve, used to pakikukala
disciple wangkapurluka
disciples wangkaninti
· wangkanintikaja
discuss together, used to paanypuwa
disgust mingarr-mingarrpa
dish tiiji
· puna
dish, digging wangkulyi
dish, small marnma
· nyayalypa
dish, wooden pingkilypa
· wirni
· piti
· karnilpa
dish, yandy karnilpa
· lupu
· karnampi
· jartu
disinclined toward something, used to become parlanarri
dislike jukuru
· parlanpa
· mingarr-mingarrpa
· mingarrpa
· kurrurnpa parlanpa
dislike, used to mingarr-mingarrarri
disobedient person kuran kirtijarra
· kuran murltu
disown another, used to minyjilypa warni
disperse, used to partumparrarri
disregards another, one who jankanyjankanypa
dissatisfied kamparr-kamparr
distance, that nyarra
distant munkarra
distant glow juurra
distant place, at that nyarrangka
distant place, got to nyarrakartitingu
distant place, to that nyarrakarti
distant place, used to get to munkarrarri
distant place, used to get to a nyarrakartirri
dive in water, used to kurruwa
divide belongings, used to katapuwa
divide into portions, used to ngarranpuwa
divide something up, used to jarralypuwa
divide, used to yaapula
· jaalpumala
dizzy kakiri
dizzy, used to become kakirirri
do as demonstrated jilanyala
do like that, used to jilala
do like the demonstrated action , used to jilala
do something again, used to yarrala
do something! -rra
· -wa
do something, let's -ra
· -nkura
do something, might -nkujaku
· -lyjaku
do something, ought to -nkura
do something, to -mula
do something, used to palyala
· -rra
· -jala
· ngapila
do something, wants to -nkukija
do something, will -nku
do the right thing, used to jungamala
do well, used to jungamala
do, to -mala
doctor, traditional maparnpa
doctors help, with maparnjanu
document, used to sign jayinamula
dog jarntu
· jangalyi
· wirta
dog barking continually ngalyjurrmala
dog that bites pikalya
dog, female milkarrpa
dog, hunting kukarninti
· mirtilya
dog, used to sic on game wapila
dog, wild jitirta
dog, with a jarntukurlu
dogs, used to hunt with wapila
doing something -ngkura
· -ra
· -nkura
doing something, for -raku
· -nkuraku
doing something, is -nkuni
· -rninpa
· -ni
· -ninpa
· -rni
doing something, keep -nama
doing something, used to be -ma
doing something, was -lpayi
· -nkupayi
· -payi
· -nkuwara
doing something, will be -namalpa
· -malpa
· -nmalpa
doing, keep on -ma
doing, was -lwara
dollar tala
dollar note, five jijilaltujarra
domesticate a wild animal, used to ngulyjula
done munyjulypa
done something, has -ngu
done something, having -nta
· -ra
· -nkura
done, used to get yurnmirri
donkey tangki
door tuwu
door, shut jatamapu
doubt suffix -mpa
doubts, one who jankinpa
down nyirri
down from something, used to get tipukala
· tirriti
· tiputi
down from, used to get tukikala
· tupiti
· tupukala
down the rise yirriti
down, off and on, used to squat pupati
down, used to fall punkala
down, used to knock something punkajingala
down, used to squat pupa
downhill, used to roll kurti-kurtiyarra
downwards jarrarra
doze off, used to nyurrmala
drag something, used to yilala
dream kapukurri
· jukurrpa
dream, used to jukurrmala
· kapukurrila
Dreaming Mangunypa
Dreaming women Minyipurru
· Jakulyukulyu
Dreamtime Jukurtani
· Jumangkarni
· jukurrpa
Dreamtime Law Jukurrjanu
Dreamtime man, name of Warlukulawu
Dreamtime rainmaker Jaramarra
Dreamtime, of Jumangkarnimili
dress kulujpa
· jina-jina
dress, used to kurruwa
dried pus lupurr-lupurrpa
dried up rawu-rawu
dried up, used to become yarntinarri
drink to someone, used to give a yitijula
drink, used to jikila
· jikirayila
drinking as he went along, he was jikilkatipayi
drinking, satisfied from jarrulyu
drinks, alcoholic wama
drip out of something, used to yinti
drip, used to jirlputala
drive a car, used to kawa
drive a nail niilamula
drive vehicle, used to jipala
drop of nectar kuru
drop something, used to punkajingala
drum for flour or fuel turampu
drunk kakari
drunk from laughter, used to get karurri
drunk, used to be turangkarri
drunk, used to become kakarirri
dry jakarlpa
· tikirlpa
· punyunpa
dry country without water holes puurra
dry out, used to tikirlarri
dry up water, used to punyunmala
dry up, used to tarrirri
· juturri
· kalyuparnirri
dry up/out, used to punyunarri
dry, used to tikirlmala
duck jipulyuku
· kukakurra
dull puwalypa
dull, used to become paly-palyarri
· puwalyarr
dumb, used to become namurri
durative suffix -lpi
during daytime karrpungka
dust yulpurru
· parna
dust storm yungku-yungku
dust, used to kick up marnturrmala
dusty parnapuru
dweller -karrayija
dweller, desert pujimanpa
E - e
each one kujun-kujunpa
each other -ngku
eagle yikulpa
eagle hawk warlawurru
ear munarta
· kulil-kulilpa
· pina
· kuranpa
· kurlka
early morning yaarli
· mungawana
· karrpu-karrpu
· yapurrapuri
· mungalypa
· yaarlipala
early summer tulparra
earth parna
· langa
east kakarra
· kakarrara
east , the mob from kakarramalu
east, from kakarrarni
east, the one further kakarramarni
easterly direction kakarrakarta
eastward, pointing kakarrawarraku
eastwards kakarrara
· kakarrawarraku
Eat it! jaja
eat something, used to ngala
eat, used to ngalkula
echidna jilkamarta
· manganya
· minguwa
echidna spine manguji
· jilkarnpa
edge mulya
edge of something, used to lift the yarlila
edge, at the mulya yikini
edible animal kuwiyi
edible fungus majapurti
edible gall tarrunpa
edible grub lunki
edible plant, species of wamurla
edible seed, species of yuwinyji
egg ngampu
· janyji
egg, used to lay kunala
Egypt Yijippa
elbow ngurnku
elbow, on one kurlkupinti
· kurlkupirti
elder yatilypa
elders yatilykata
elders, the yirnakaja
· yirnanyjarri
· yirnaparaku
eleven liipanpa
Elijah Yilayija
embarrassed nyinganyinga
emerge, used to tarlpala
emphasising the duration of an action wulurri
emphatic suffix -rta
· -kaja
· -rtu
· -rtuka
empower, used to murlpirrmarra
empty likiri
empty feeling wirla tikirlpa
emu jakipirri
· yimiyu
· karlaya
· yimiyuka
· wakilypirri
Emu People karlaya
encouraging words tungun-tungunpa
end mulya
end (of a story)!, The Palunyangulyu!
end of a stalk of wama mulyaparu
end of something marlarrpa
end, at one mulyakarti
end, from one mulyajanu
end, the palulyu
· nyamu
ends of wood into fire, used to put mulyajula
energetic ngarrurta
engine noise, used to make tututula
engine, used to startup ngurntirrirri
English Yingkiliji
enough nyamu
enough, used to have jangkulyarra
enter, used to kurruwa
· jarrpa
envious muyurrpa
envious, used to become muyurrarri
erase something, used to jutula
ergative case marker -tu
ergative case suffix -rtu
ergative suffix -lu
escape punishment janarriyarra
establish a community, used to wupuntamula
European walypala
European and Aboriginal descent, person of marta-marta
even though mannga
evening ruka-ruka
evening meal jaapa
event -karra
everything nyaarnirrirnirri
examination ruu
exchange gift puntaju
exclamatory suffix -pi
· -pu
excreta, used to become pilkirri
exhausted from thirst puwarn-puwarnpa
exhaustion, used to pant from rangamala
expectation mira-mira
expectation, contrary to ngaampa
expecting woman nyurujarra
explode, used to tarlpala
· taalpala
expose, used to miralmala
extreme fright karrata-karrata
extreme hunger manyu-manyu
eye kuru
eye, bung kurujuulypa
eye, swollen kurujuulypa
eyebrow nyanpinypa
eyes open paarlpa
eyes!, Open Parlpuwa-ngku kuru
· Parlala-ngku kuru!
eyes, used to open paarlkawa
F - f
face miparrpa
· ngumpa
face, good looking ngumpa juri
face-downward ngamparlpa
face-downward, used to lie ngamparl-ngamparl ngarri
face-downward, used to place ngamparljula
faeces kuna
· kiki
· jartayi
faeces, used to squeeze from intestine of animal junyipuwa
fail to recognise someone, used to nganarnpuwa
fail to share jajala
fail, used to try but purturri
fails, if the action pakingka
fair hair kilyarrkura
· jilyarrkura
fall down, used to julyulyuyarra
· punkala
fall, used to cause to punkajula
false yipilypa
family pamuli
family member -kurnu
family, away from manyjarra
family, used to become bereft of minyjilarri
family, used to worry about warlkula
far away tiwa
· wirrili
far away, used to get wirrilirri
far!, that nyamu
farm paampa
fast wala
· pipurru
· wirrurru
· pula
fast runner walawarta
fat ngakarlpa
· jira
· palyarri
· jinyji
· karnu
· jinyjimama
· karnpi
fat animal rulypu
fat creature jinyjimarta
fat on an animal, used to feel karnujula
fat one karnumarta
fat to become jinyjimamarri
father mama
· tati
father and son kajararra
father or uncle japunyurra
father's sister wumari
· kurntili
· umari
· yumari
father, real mamapartanu
father, respectful address of mamarti
father, respectful reference to a mamapirrayi
father-in-law ngunyarri
fault, person's own walyjajanu
favour, one-sided kujuyiti
fear ngurlu
fear, paralysed with kurrurnpa palyjalypa
fear, used to shake with minirrngara
fear, with ngurluwinti
fearful karrata
fearful person ngurlujaka
fearless ngurluparni
feather foot karrpirlpa
feathered creature nyarlpijarra
featherfoot jinakarrpil
feathers wurna
· nyarlpi
feed someone, used to jaangkajula
· jaangkala
feed, used to munkurra
feedback jakulypa
feel a presence karala
feel another's touch or close presence , used to nguntujurra
feel coldness come over one, used to kaalypuwa
feel coldness come over, used to kiilypuwa
feel nauseated, used to karunypuwa
feel something, used to pampula
feel the fat on an animal, used to karnujula
feeling ill kurlpakurlu
feeling lonely for relatives kurrurnpa marr-marr
feeling that something is about to happen wirla kamparr-kamparrpa
feeling, empty wirla tikirlpa
feeling, used to get tickling jukururri
feelings wuyurrpa
· wirla
· kurrurnpa
feelings have dried up wirla tikirlpa
feet to feet, two people lying down jinangka-pula kanturnuka ngarrini
feet, stamping jurrka
feet, used to stamp jurrkawa
feet, used to stamp one's kantula
fell back from the lead kurranyujanu
fell down, many punka-punkala
fellow, poor nyarru
female cousins, two juwarirra
female dog milkarrpa
female kangaroo (with a joey in the pouch) laparli
fence parriki
· piinyji
feral, cat, jujukulyu
fetch water, used to marnmala
· jayila
few yupalpa
· wupalpa
· marnkurrpa
· upalpa
fifty pipiti
fig, rock kunawirnka
fight someone, used to mininyjula
fight, a jurta
· jarripi
fight, used to jurrkapuwa
fight, used to lose jijawa
fighter jurtapayi
· jurtawarta
fighting activity junpara
fighting person pikalya
fighting spear karu
fighting, used to stop someone ngarlkila
fights, person who often pikapayi
fill up a number of containers, used to pilamapurnu wanala
fill up, used to wirlarri
· kalyjala
fill with a liquid, used to pilamapula
fill with water, used to ngaapakala
filled up, used to be kaljala
finch, species of nyiinyinka
fine payinpa
finger missing, hand with a maratuti
fingernail milpinypa
finish piniji
finish something up, used to wiyala
finish something, used to pakila
· munula
· puujala
finish, used to wiyarri
finished, used to be pakirri
· wiyarri
fire karla
· waru
fire to, used to set yumala
fire, big taarru
fire, from the warujanu
fire, go out juturri
fire, used to build jungula
fire, used to build up a nyuyula
fire, used to catch quickly jarrwangkawa
fire, used to keep going all night jungula
fire, used to light a tilila
· wiila
fire, used to make ngujurlpuwa
fire, used to put out juturntala
fire, used to quickly light kuja-kujala
firestick jangi
· ngijirri
firestick, used to give someone a ngijirrijula
firestick, used to shake a riripuwa
firewood waru
· karla
firewood, place with lots of warukurru
firewood, used to break off murnila
firewood, used to get murnila
first -palaji
· kurranyi
· kurranyu
first-born child murrkangunya
fish piijpa
fish net niitingpa
fist mara tirnu
· maratiinu
· maramulyji
fitting, loose lalypa
five payipu
· payippa
five-dollar note jijilaltujarra
fix or make something, used to yanimarra
fix something, used to kunyjunyumala
· palyamala
flake off, used to tupirrkati
flaking tupirr-tupirrpa
flame tili
flame, used to be in parrjula
flames, used to burst into jarrangkawa
· jarrwangkawa
flank kapulyurru
flash of lightning, used to parrmala
flash, used to parl-parljula
flat country parlkarra
flat country between hills pila
flat country between sandhills or mountains larrku
flat one pulatwanpa
flat stone limpi-limpi
flavour, good juriwarta
flavour, used to lose the wunyarri
flavourless wunya
flesh mirla
· purlara
flint jalypa
flood water parlkurta
floor puluwu
flopping around jurrululypululypu
flour pulawa
· nyuma
flow (of creek), used to wayila
flow, used to marala
flower purrungu
· puritipulawa
flower, bird jakapiri
flowers, wild purtipulawu
fly, a muungu
· ngurrinpa
· muunurrku
fly, March jatu
fly, used to parrpakala
· parrangkala
foam at the mouth, used to janga pakala
focus -nya
focus marker -ngurninyji
focus marker, stative -nga
focus suffix -mpa
focus suffix, benefactive -mpa
fog kayukura
fold up, used to mulyjila
follow a track, used to jinawanala
follow behind, used to marlangka yarra
follow something, used to wanala
fontanelle ngaany-ngaanypa
food mangarri
· jaja
· manyjirrpa
· yuta
· mayi
food for initiation ceremony juurnpa
food for in-laws nganykuru
food moving stick lilulypa
food or clothing, one who has no maralpa
food taboo jaji
food, seed kunaruntu
· kalyupijurlpa
food, small bite of janingu
food, species of seed kalaru
· pipi
food, used to gobble japuly-japulyjala
· janngala
food, used to make mirrkamala
food, used to sample nyipilyjala
food, vegetable kunawirnka
· mirrka
food, without mayiparni
· mayipunaja
foods, to refrain from jaji
foot jina
· jamana
foot of something marlarrpa
foot or shoe, back area of tarta
foot, on jinangu
foot, sole of jina palyka
foot, underneath jina kaninykurti
foot, used to go on jinangurri
football puutpulpa
footprint jina
footprints, without jina yarrka-yarrka
for doing something -ngkuraku
· -lkuraku
for good kakuputu
for her -ra
for him -ra
for it -ra
for keeps yulupirti
for what reason nyaaku
forcefully without mercy minyirrju
forehead ngalya
· jirntajarra
forget, used to ngakumparri
forgot about it, I Ngakumparringu-rnalura.
fork lalapa
· jarrapa
fork of a branch, in karlkajarrangka
fork of a tree karlkanyjarra
· karlkajarra
fork of tree jarrapa-jarrapa
fork, used to kalyuparnirri
· lalapuwa
· tarrirri
forked stick jarra
forking branches of a tree jarrapa
forth, go back and karrungara
forty puutiyi
four puu
fowl pawurla
fox jujuwurruwurru
· jitirta
· walytaki
free someone yiyala
free, used to kurtiwa
· walajurra
Friday Purayiti
friend mirti
friend to talk to wangkapinti
friendly ngulyju
fright, extreme karrata-karrata
fright, got a ngurlutingu
fright, used to get a julurrangkawa
· marrjula
fright, used to give someone a julurrjingala
frighten another, used to ngurlujula
frighten something away, used to ngurlura kurti
frightened ngurluwinti
frightened person, very ngurlujaka
frightened, used to be karratarri
· ngurlumala
frightened, used to become ngurlurri
· karratarri
frog, species of puupuka
· ngaankura
from -nguru
· -ngka
from drinking wamajanu
from here ngaajanu
from Jigalong Jikulyungujanu
· Jikulyungunguru
from long ago julyjujanu
from one end mulyajanu
from sleep kunyalajanu
from that jiijanu
· jiinguru
from the speaker, away maa-
from where? -manta
front, in kurranyu
fruit, bunches of latu-latu
fruit, skin of likarra
fruit, used to pick yinala
fruit, used to pluck witala
fulfilled, used to be wangka yiltarri
full (of quantity) wirla
full creek karru wirla
full of something, used to be jangkulyarra
full stomach parlja
· munku
full, running parlkurta
full, used to become palyjarri
· munkurri
full, used to get parljarri
funeral activity jaminypa
funeral ceremony Laka
fungus, edible majapurti
fur wurna
fur, burning smell jilururru
future continuous tense -ngamalpa
G - g
gait, smooth jitarr-jitarrpa
galah piyarrku
· kakipuwi
Galatia Kilijiya
Galilee lake and area Kaliliya
gall, edible tarrunpa
game, used to play a ngarlpurri
game, used to sic a dog on wapila
game, used to sic dogs on yirrijula
gaol jirnmuntu
garden kaatanmaya
· kaanpa
· kaatanpa
gasp for breath, used to rangamala
gate kiitu
· kiitpa
gather and winnow, used to nyurtula
gather berries or other objects , used to ngawula
gather into a group, used to kamu-kamula
gather those who are called to a ceremony, used to wikarrurra
gather together nyungkurri
gather together, used to kumungkarriwa
· wumala
· mirrjurri
· wurula
· kujungkarriwa
· kuju-kujungkala
gather, used to nyungkula
gecko, species of kanparrja
· piirnpa
generation above one's own, women in pipinyurra
generation who have died, former wulpipulpa
generous yirni
· nyinkilpa
· munya
· munyja
generous person yirnipayi
generous, person munyjapayi
generous, very yirninyju
Gentile Juwuparni
gently blowing, wind kinti wangka
get a cramp, used to wuly-wulyarri
get a shock, used to julurrangkawa
get angry, used to wirrilyirri
· pikarri
get bad, used to walykurri
get bark from tree, used to likarrala
get closer, ngamurri
get down from something, used to tipukala
· tirriti
· tikukala
· tiputi
get down from, used to tupukala
· tukikala
· tupiti
get firewood, used to murnila
get in someone's way, used to yangajula
get on board something, used to tatila
get on board, used to takala
get quiet, used to yakarri
get rotten, used to pilkirri
get satisfied, used to yiwilyirri
get sick, used to ngarntarri
get slower, used to wanyurri
get smart, used to rakarri
get soft, used to runyurri
get something -rri~
get something, used to marra
get thirsty, used to yurrarri
get to a distant place, used to nyarrakartirri
· munkarrarri
get up to a sitting position, used to nyinanyjarri
get up, used to pakala
get upset, used to yarrjurri
get water from creek or soak, used to jayila
get well kunyjunyurri
get well, used to wankarri
getting dark mungarr-mungarrpa
ghost gum jarturtu
giant devil jangara
gidgee tree janyjuru
gidgee, black marntila
gift yinyjanu
gift, ceremonial meat yinyjanu
gift, ceremonial meat or food mirtayirti
gift, exchange puntaju
gift, reciprocal murnaji
· puntaju
gift, with a yungkujarra
giggle, used to tartapuwa
girl wanti
girl, promised jamarta
girl, young mulyamulpa
· kuyurnpa
· yurrkanpa
· mulyamunmulpa
· turn-turnpa
girls, man who is always chasing wantipayi
give a drink to someone, used to yitijula
give birth, used to nyukapuwa
give off a smell, used to winyirirripuwa
give off odour, used to parntingara
· parntiyiki
give orders, used to wajarnu yuwa
give permission, used to yuwajula
give someone something, used to yuwa
give up on an issue, used to yumurri
give, used to nyiijula
glisten, used to piirlangkala
glob of something on something, used to put yapalypuwa
glow in the distance, a juurra
go kuu
go along there, used to palawanarri
go along with claws just touching the ground, to karltaly-karltalypa
go along, used to wanala
go altogether, without any intention of returning wulu yarra
go around and return, used to yarunyarri
go around in circles, used to rangkarriyarra
go around, used to parrati
go back and forth karrungara
go back, used to marlayarra
go in, used to jarrpa
go on foot, used to jinangurri
· jina
go other way, used to kujupakartirri
go out, fire juturri
go quickly or directly to a destination wuna
go slowly, used to kinti yarra
go to jail for no reason, to pakiku jiilja jarrpa~
go toward and enter, used to jarrpatiwa
go up and down a path, used to yiwarrajula
go, used to yarra
go, used to let jalkala
go, used to let someone yiyala
go, used to let something kurtiwa
goal -nya
· jiilpa
goanna maruntu
goanna meat, white pirntarlpa
goanna ramp yirntirri
goanna, species of yalapara
goat kuutpa
gobble food, used to japuly-japulyjala
· janngala
God ngarnawarrapurluka
going around kurirri
going, used to start warntikala
· warntitiwa
gold kuulu
gold thing kuuluwanpa
good kunyunyu
· palya
· kunyjunyu
· tukulku
· ngalypa
· puntanypa
· parntirrpa
good design juri
good flavour juriwarta
good looking face ngumpa juri
good melody juri
good one kunyjunyuwanpa
· kunyjunyumarta
good person palyalpayi
good taste juri
good thing kunyjunyuwanpa
good, for kakuputu
good, really kunyjunyuminyirri
· ngalypangulyu
good, used to become kunyjunyurri
good, used to make kunyunyula
· kunyjunyumala
good, used to make something kunyjunyula
Good-bye! Palunyangulyu!
good-bye! palulyu
goosebumps, used to get jukururri
gossip, used to minyjilypa jurra
got a fright ngurlutingu
got up, large group paka-pakala
Government kapamanpa
government kamanpa
government bosses kapamanpa
grab something mamala
· kartimala
grab something from someone, used to muntala
grab something, used to ngalula
gracious karratanyju
grain, used to winnow jajarrapuwa
grandchild and grandmother kaparlirra
granddaughter kaparli
· nana
· nyami
· kami
grandfather nyamu
grandfather and grandson relationship jamujarra
· jamurarra
grandfather/grandson relationship jamu
· jamirti
grandfathers jamunyjanirri
grandmother yaparli
· nyami
· nana
· kaparli
· kami
grandmother and grandchild kaparlirra
grandson nyamu
grandson and grandfather relationship jamujarra
· jamurarra
grandson/grandfather relationship jamirti
· jamu
grapes kuriipiji
· kuripijpa
grass, green yukuri
grass, species of janikurtinypa
grass, spinifex janpi
grass, woollybutt yuwinyji
grasshoper purntarlka
grassy place, at a yukurikurrungka
grave, at the jampangka
graveside jampangka
gravy karrkarta
· yilikuru
grease jinyji
great deal of something, having laltujarra
great many laltukuyarra
· pukalyarra
greedy kalypartu
· malya
Greek Kiriki
green yukuri-yukuri
green birdflower bush mangarrpa
· malkapiri
green coloured thing yukuriwanpa
green grass yukuri
greeting wanyjalpa
· yaalu
· wayi
greeting ceremony milyangkulypa
grevillea tree, species of parntalpa
grevillea, holly-leaf jakata
grevillea, rattlepod malypa
grevillea, species of jujurrumal
· jalpinypa
grey hair jirlpi
grief wirla walyku
grief, used to hit head in janyipuwa
grind one's teeth, used to yirra pajala
grind something, used to yungkala
grind teeth, used to ngirrmala
grind, used to runyula
grinding of teeth ngirr-ngirrpa
grinding stone, lower jiwa
grinding stone, upper wakura
grip, tight karrpa-karrpa
groin mirlka
· kanya
ground parna
· langa
ground of people, large wamumpu
ground with prickle bushes jilkarnkurru
ground, level panka
ground, rough parnka
ground, used to bounce off turrkulangkawa
· jitapajala
ground, used to level for camp runngula
ground, used to scrape jarntila
· warrarnpuwa
group -malu
group of old men jirlpinyjarri
group of people wumungka
· ngarranpa
· japalpa
group of small boys murtilya-murtilya
group talking together secretly jaalpu wangkangu
group which goes around telling lies paki kajalkaja
group, large, appeared paka-pakala
group, large, arrived paka-pakala
group, large, got up paka-pakala
group, used to gather into kamu-kamula
groups, into separate jaalpu-jaalpu
grow a baby up, used to majumarra
grow somebody up, used to jumala
grow up, used to jumarri
· jarlurri
growl at someone, used to warrkila
grub lukuti
grub, edible lunki
grub, species of ngurtuma
grunt, used to nguurrmala
guards jawulyjakaja
guitar kitawu
· kitaa
gully, small warli
gum tree, wide leaf jarturtu
gum, cabbage kirtingarli
gum, ghost jarturtu
gum, river walyji
gun jilamanpa
· tarlparlmarta
guts julu-julu
· janingu
· jarru
guts, used to remove from game warnjila
H - h
habitually murrarni
hail kunarta
hailstones purlijirta
hair purrunypa
· panku
hair belt nanpa
hair from, used to yank out tungkurrpuwa
hair out, used to pull tungkurrpuwa
hair sticking up jalyjakarra
hair to go grey, used to cause jirlpimala
hair, body wurna
hair, fair kilyarrkura
· jilyarrkura
hair, grey jirlpi
hair, light-coloured kilyarrkura
hair, used to spin yungkala
hairline, receding ngalya pararra
hairy pankuly-pankulypa
half yaapu
half, used to split in pangkapuwa
halfway kutungka
halt suddenly jarr-jarr-jarr-jarrpa
halve up, used to yaapula
hand marumpu
· mara
· mirna
hand winnow, used to jajarrala
hand with finger missing maratuti
hand, left jampu
hand, right junga
· jurrku-jurrku
handful, used to take a yawula
handkerchief yangkiji
handle something carefully, used to pukunymala
hands behind back wayarurru
hang your head sleepily, used to nyuurrarri
hang, used to wiltijurra
hanging, used to be wiltiyiki
· wiltingara
hangup, used to wiltijurra
happen, used to wanyjalarri
happened, already jurntulpi
happened, what? yaalurri
happiness pukurlpa
happy pukurlpa
happy, used to become pukurlarri
happy, very pukurl-pukurlpa
hard nantirrpa
· wiltu
hard, used to make strong or wiltula
harden, used to wilturri
harder! Wiltumarta!
Hare-wallaby, Rufous mala
has done something -ngu
hat jangkurru
· jankurru
have a child, used to jijiwintirri
have a nightmare, used to jukurrmala
have a spell yurlta
have had too much of something, used to puyila
have, used to kanyila
having -jarra
· -kurlu
· -winti
having a great deal of something laltujarra
having done an action -ka
having done something -ngkura
· -nta
· -nkura
· -ra
having seen him, without nyakupunajangka
hawk kirrki
hawk, eagle warlawurru
hawk, species of nyirrki
· nyirrkulyu
hawk, wedgetail winy-winypa
haze, heat puyulyurru
· marrka-marrka
he palu
· palunya
head kata
head bowed nyuwurrpa
head hair mangka
head ornament jininypa
head over heels katakaninypa
head up ngalya yinyja-yinyja
head, bald katakampu
head, bowed malurrpa
head, carry on jarli kati
head, itchy kata wapaju
head, nodding nyuwurrpa
head, on jarlingka
head, the side of katawana
head, to carry on jarlijarra
head, top of the ngamunpa kata
head, used to bow one's nyuwurrarri
head, used to carry on jarlila
· jarlitiwa
head, used to nod in sleep nyurrmala
head, used to place on jarlirri
headache jukulypa
headband yakirri
head-cold nguntu
head-ring nyangi
head-up yinyja-yinyja
heal someone, used to palyamala
· kunyjunyumala
· wankala
heal, used to maparnjula
· wankamala
healing, used to manipulate for pampula
healthy pikalypa
· jurnpurrpa
· kunyjunyu
heap wuru
· wumu
heap of sand juurlpa
heap something up, used to wumula
heap up, used to pirtijula
· wurumala
heap, used to wumurri
heap, used to become wururri
heap, used to put in a wurujula
hear a message and give it to others, used to kulirnu kati
hear, used to kulila
· ngangkula
heart kurturtu
· ngalkari
heart, broken wirla karalyanu
heat haze puyulyurru
· marrka-marrka
heat of the sun yarlka
heat something in fire, used to wangkujula
heat, used to punpala
heavy yuwinypa
· yapipala
· purtulypa
heavy rain karlkawarta
Hebrew language Yipuru
heel tarta
· luku
heels, sitting on tangkarra
help another, used to yarlpamula
· yaalpamula
helpful person karratanyju
helpful, not karrataparni
hem in, used to ngampapuwa
her palunya
· palu
· -lu
her, at/with/to/off/on/in -lu
here! nyii
here, along ngaawana
here, beside ngaawati
here, from ngaajanu
here, right ngaangka
here, to ngalyarni
hers palunyamili
· -ra
· palumili
herself -ngku
hibernate, used to kunurri
· tumalpuwa
hiccough, used to ngitarnmala
hidden kumpi
hidden object kuku
hide something, used to kumpijula
· kukujula
hide, used to kukurri
· kumpila
hiding, used to appear from yutirri
high ngarnawarra
hill yapu
· yalyi
· purli
hill country, rough wankurlpari
hill kangaroo kanyala
hilly place turntururru
him palunya
· palu
· -lu
him, at/with/to/off/on/in -lu
him?, Is it Jiipanta nyinani?
himself -ngku
himself, to -yinta
hip yangkarlpa
his palunyamili
· -ra
· palumili
hit accidentally, used to kakalpuwa
hit head in grief janyipuwa
hit him once, He Kujungka puwa!
hit on back with a switch, used to warlpunypuwa
hit someone, to just about pungkukijarringu
hit, used to puwa
· mitu puwa
hither ngalyarni
hitting sound, used to make rikirrmala
hitting stick jurna
· linmurru
· kurnti
· jurtinypa
hobbling about jarnti-jarnti
hold in lap, used to yampula
hold on, used to ngalula
hold something kartimala
hold something up, used to jikajula
holding thing ngalunyjapinti
hole tapurrpa
· pirti
· wiirnpa
hole in nasal septum nyiirnka
hole in, used to make a tapurrpuwa
· tapurryarra
hole, in the tapurrja
hole, shallow jata
hole, through the tapurrwana
hollow papu
· raku-raku
· yurltu
hollow log nganmarlpa
hollow, used to become raku-rakurri
holly-leaf grevillea jakata
home country ngurrara
home country waterhole yinta
homesick kujilpa
· kurljirrpa
· kujilkujilpa
homesick, used to become kujilarri
homosexual, used to be kirriji ngarripayi
honey karluwayi
· jurtipirri
· karluwari
honey bee jantaru muunurrku
honey, wild jukapayiki
· jantaru
honeyants wuukarta
hook from a hole, used to narnngula
hook, a narnngu
hop, used to katuwa
horde, used to jajala
horn wirlkurru
horrified, used to be karratarri
horse yawarta
horse drawn wagon turila
horse, used to saddle jatulamula
horseback, used to go jarlingkarri
horseback, used to ride jarlingkala
hot yaatapala
· rarru
· parlti-parlti
hot coals lunngu
· yikara
hot cooking stones yapanpa
hot meat jaapi
hot season puyulyurru
hot stones, cooking kanyanpa
hot time yalijarra
· kurli
hot time, the parrpakarra
hot weather yali
· pirtirr-pirtirrpa
hot, used to become rarrurri
hot, used to get warurri
hot-tempered parnu-parnu
house maya
how many nyaalyjirri
· nganamalu
· yawumani
how many? -lyjirri
how? yaalu
huff, leaving the mob in a yurntiri
hug someone, used to yampula
hug, used to murtula
huge boulder, yarlawara
hundred yantarta
hunger, extreme manyu-manyu
hungrily kalypartuwinti
hungry murlkurrpa
· kama
· kalypartu
hungry for meat jaapi
hungry, used to become kalyparturri
hunt with dogs, used to wapila
hunt, a wapira
· wartilpa
hunting wapira
· wartilpa
hunting dog mirtilya
· kukarninti
hunting stealthily wura
hunting trip yarrkalpa
hunting trip, daytime karrila
hurry, used to walarri
· wirrjala
husband yinini
· martungu
· yarruwa
· kirta
· patu
· kirtapartanu
· nyupa
· nyukunu
· yirna
husband's sister juwari
husk seeds, used to nyurtula
I - i
I -rna
· ngayu
idea which is borrowed wartajanu wangka
idea, different kuran kujupa
identifying mark of a person walka
if puju
· yiipi
· jampa
ignite something, used to tilila
· wiila
ignite, used to jarrwangkawa
ignorant yurtu
ignorant of something maarra
· ngurrpa
ignoring instruction yurtu-yurtu
ignoring something parlan-parlanpa
ill, feeling kurlpakurlu
ill, used to make someone kalyapuwa
illogical manyarrpa
illuminate, used to rantala
imagination ruu
imitate someone, used to mapa
imperative continuous tense -ngama
imperative tense -la
important yuwinpa
important business, used to plan jumangkarrala
important person yatilypa
important, used to become yuwinarri
improper kurntaparni
in -ta
· -ja
· -ngka
· -rta
· kaninyjarrangka
in exchange puntaji
in order to do something -ngkuraku
· -lkuraku
· -nkuraku
in return ngapurrju
· murnaji
· ngaparrji
· puntaji
in turn ngaparrpa
in turns purrini-purrini
in vain purtu
in, used to go jarrpa
in-between kutungka
increase in quantity, used to yarnngarri
increase the size of some material, used to majuwartala
indicate an action to another with a hand signal, used to mara wangka
indicate with a hand gesture, used to yilijula
indistinct sight paalypaalypa
industrious ngarru
inhabitant ngaamartaji
inhabitant indicating suffix -yija
inhabits above ngarnawarrapurluka
initaite, relations who cry for karnku
initiate marlurlu
initiate, an jungan
initiate, new jangiwinti
initiate, recent jaminypa
initiate, with an junganwinti
initiate, young jaminpara
initiated man jamunu
initiation ceremony, food for juurnpa
initiator jarrpurta
· mangkalyi
inject with a needle, used to wakala
in-laws, food for nganykuru
insane ngakumpa
insect, buzzy muunurrku-nurrku
insect, species of yuranypa
insert into water, used to tupurljurra
· tupulyjurra
insert object in to a container, to takurljunu
insert, used to yirrpila
· kurrujula
inside kaninypa
· ngururrpa
· yinjayiti
· kaninykurti
· kaninyjarra
inside, from kaninyjarrajanu
inside, from the ngururrjanu
inside, to kaninykarti
insolent, used to become rakarri
instantaneous action suffix -marntu
instruct a person, used to kuranmarra
instruct someone, used to pirntipuwa
instruct, used to kuranjula
· katangka yuwa
instruction, ignoring yurtu-yurtu
instructor maaja
instrument -lu
intensity indicating suffix -minyirri
intensively question a person, used to kintilu japira kulila
intent suffix -kija
interested in doing what one is told, used to be not jukururrula
interfer with another's sinew pulykumala
interjection kantilirri
· kanti
interjection, an jilkinpa
intermittent action -ti~
interrogative suffix -partu
· -pakayi
· -pa
interrogative word wurtu
intestines jarru
· julu-julu
· janingu
intestines, kangaroo julypa
intestines, waste material in kunakaja
introducer karu
· kapu
invisible rangkarrpa
iron yayinpa
irrascible person jantupayi
irrelevant, used to become pinyirri
is doing something -ngkuni
· -nginpa
Isaac Yajikpa
Isaiah Yayijaya
Israel Yijurilpa
issue, used to give up on an yumurri
it palu
· palunya
· -lu
it, at/with/to/off/on/in -lu
itchy mirri-mirri
· minyji-minyji
itchy head kata wapaju
its palumili
· palunyamili
· -ra
itself -ngku
J - j
Jacob Jikuppa
jail for no reason, to go to pakiku jiilja jarrpa~
jakapiri plant string jakapiri
jakapiri sandle jakapiri
James Jayimijpa
jamirti relationship, two people in jamirtirra
jealous miku
· nyara
jealous person mikujaka
jealous, he's always mikupayi
jealous, used to become mikurri
· nyararri
jealously guards his things, one who mikujaka
Jeremiah Jirimaya
Jerusalem Jarujalumpa
· Jarujalumu
Jesus Jiijajpa
Jesus' disciples wangkapurluka
Jesus' teaching, to live true to Jiijajpa wana~
Jew Juwu
Jewish festival Pajuwupa
Jigalong Jikulyungu
Jigalong language name Martu Wangka
Jigalong, from Jikulyungujanu
· Jikulyungunguru
Jigalong, rockhole near Ngujapunkanu
John Jaanpa
join together, used to kulula
join two things, used to tinyjila
join up ngaparrku
joking relationship jingkirtirra
Jordan Juutunpa
Jordan river Juutunpa
· Juutanpa
Joseph Juujappa
· Juujapu
Joshua Jajuwa
jostle, used to ngampapuwa
joy yuku
Judas Juutajpa
Judea Juutiya
juice from meat yilikuru
· karrkarta
juice, squeeze karljarrpuwa
· karljarrkawa
juice, used to squirt out purltujala
jump from a height, used to wuulangka
jump up, used to tatiwarrala
jump, used to wurlkala
junction of a creek karlkanyjarra
· karlkajarra
just about nguwanpa
· jamurnpa
juxtaposed -kirra
K - k
kangaroo kangkuru
· kirti-kirti
· kurlpirrpa
· jarlparra
kangaroo etc, young yangupala
kangaroo intestines julypa
kangaroo tail, base of jirrji
kangaroo with young japunyjarra
· japuwinti
kangaroo, female (with a joey in the pouch) laparli
kangaroo, hill kanyala
kangaroo, plains marlu
kangaroo, species of nyurukirta
· parlkarrayija
· yapuwija
· purliyija
Karimarra/Panaka group Marntiyarra
keep a fire going all night, used to jungula
keep a word in your head, used to kuranju kanyila
keep on doing -ma
keep on doing something -nama
· -nma
keep one's word, used to wangka kanyila
keep, used to kanyila
keeps, for wulu
· yulupirti
key wupuna
kick up dust, used to marnturrmala
kick, used to kantula
kill, used to puwa
· miturntala
· mitu puwa
killing time watanypa
kind karratanyju
kind of place -lyukurru
kind person karratapayi
kindling jikirr-jikirr
kingfisher luurnpa
kinship group, in the same kalyartu
kinship groups that can intermarry marirra
kinship groups, two marijirra
kinship section Panaka
· Purungu
kinship section name Karimarra
· Milangka
kinship suffix -purru
kiss someone, used to nyunyjula
knee murti
kneel, used to jantarrngara
kneeling murti jurrpu-jurrpu
· murtijurrpu
· jurrpu-jurrpu
· murtijurrpu-jurrpu
knees, used to clamp ngurtila
knife nayipu
knife, stone kanti
· jalypa
knock something down, used to punkajingala
knock, used to nanturrpuwa
knot, used to witurrpuwa
know something, used to nintirri
know, used to kuranarriwa
knowing ninti
knowledge ninti
knowledgeable person nintipuka
known, a person nganmi
knows where waterholes are, one who kalyurninti
kudaicha man karrpirlpa
L - l
La Grange Likirinji
ladder jannga
lake warla
lame mukuntu
lamp laampa
· laampu
language wangka
language name Nyiyaparli
· Manyjilyjarra
· Mangala
· Jiwarlin
· Nyangumarta
· Manjiljarra
· Kartujarra
· Manyjiljarra
language name, ceremonial Yapura-yapura
language name, Jigalong Martu Wangka
language, in Martu Martujanu
language, strange japurr-japurrpa
lap, used to hold in yampula
large juma
· julipunaja
· jukumunu
large claypan warla
large group appeared paka-pakala
large group arrived paka-pakala
large group got up paka-pakala
large number jina mara jina mara
large number of men warnmarla
large, used to make yuwinmarra
late afternoon ruka
· yukartu-yukartu
late in the afternoon, really yukartuminyirri
late, before too karrpulpi
later kuwarrara
· kurlu
· ngula
· marlakarti
· ngulampa
· ngulawiyayiju
laugh in derision, used to nyurni yikarri
laugh, used to mantarrirri
· jurniwa
· yikarri
· yikarrirri
laugher, a jurniwarta
law luwu
law breaker, used to become a kunkarri
Law ceremony Maliki
Law from the Dreamtime Jukurrjanu
law or command which is current, used to be a wangka nyini
law, used to live in accordance to luwu wanala
lay an egg, used to kunala
lay face down wartuyiki
lay maggots, used to pirlpujula
Lazarus Lajarajpa
lazy person liijipaka
lead someone, used to winila
lead, fell back from kurranyujanu
leader maaja
· nyampali
leaf parrka
· pirrpilya
· yulyju
· mipi
leafy jarrapa-jarrapa
leak out of something, used to yinti
lean on something, used to parlila
learn something, used to nintirri
learner, slow parrura-parrura
leave alone jurra
leave someone behind, used to junu yarra
· watala
leave, used to wanti
· junkula yarra
leaves pirrpilya
leaves on the mourner, he threw jalyirrjunu
leaves, ceremonial jalyirrpa
leaves, used to throw jalyirrjurra
leaving the mob in a huff yurntiri
left hand jampu
left hand, with the jampukarti
left side, on the jampungka
left, to the jampukarti
left-handed person jampu
leg bone tarrka
leg, calf of nganyju
leg, on one kanyjikujukarti
leg, spear wound in warnurra
legs apart, standing jarrarra yikinta
legs apart, used to walk with jangka-jangkati
legs crossed karnajarlpi
legs, used to straighten one's jirrarajula
legs, used to stretch out wirlkarri
leprosy lipuriji
lerp waranu
less than before yaru
less than before, used to become yarurri
lessen something, used to yarula
let go, used to jalkala
let out a big breath ngaanypa kurtiwa
let someone go, used to yiyala
let something go, used to kurtiwa
let's do something -ngkura
· -lkura
· -nkura
· -ra
level ground panka
level ground for camp, used to runngula
Levi Lipayi
Levite Lipayimili wangkapurluka
liar mayunyju
· mayinyju
lick something, used to nyanyjula
lie down on belly, used to wartungara
lie down, used to ngarri
· ngarriti
lie face-downward, used to ngamparl-ngamparl ngarri
lie, a mayinyju
lie, used to kajala
· mirnijurra
lies, person who tells pakipayi
lies, used to tell mayula
· mayujula
· paki kajala
lifeless person mituny-mitunypa
lift an object , used to katula
lift someone up, used to ngarnawarrala
lift the edge of something, used to yarlila
lift up, used to jikajula
· yaanypuwa
light ralya
· layiti
light a fire, quickly kuja-kujala
light a fire, used to wiila
· tilila
light coloured hair jilyarrkura
light rain jiimpi-jiimpi
light weight ranpu
light winter rain kurluwa
light, misty rain jil-jil
light, when it is karrpumarta
light, while there is still some karrpulpi
light/day, used to become karrpurri
light-coloured hair kilyarrkura
lighten something, used to ranpula
lighter, used to make something ranpumala
lighter, when it gets karrpu-karrpumarta
lightless puwalypa
lightning layitningpa
lightning flash, used to parrmala
like -yuru
· -yuku
· -yiku
· -pirti
like before yangkayuru
like that jiiyuru
· jingulanya
· -jaka
like that, used to do jilala
like the real thing yiltayuru
like this jingulpa
· jilanya
· jingula
· jingulanya
like this one ngaayiku
like/love, used to layikamurri
likes/loves something, one who layikamu
limbs, unable to move parralayiji
limestone pulpurru
limitational suffix -ngurninyji
limp along following an injury, used to tunmurlyarra
limp along, used to narntatiwa
limping mukuntu
line ngalparra
line, in a yiliti
lion layinpa
lips murtirrpa
liquid, used to dip in jarlajula
list something, used to yiilyjula
listen carefully, used to kintilu kulila
listen to someone, used to kulila
listen, used to ngangkula
listen, won't kurrurnpa kalyurringu
little juku
· japu
· juli-juli
· juli
little ones jukunyjukunypa
· julinyjulinypa
· jukunjukunypa
live at a place, used to nyina
live correctly, used to junga nyina
live in accordance to the law, used to luwu wanala
live the wrong way, to yiwarra kujupa wanarnu
lively person or animal pikalya
liver mirliki
· yalu
lizard, bluetongue lungkurta
· lungkarta
lizard, species of talypirrngari
· parnajarrpa
· tartayulu
· parnaparnti
· katapakarrpa
· narntarlpina
· mulumaru
· jinyjinyji
· jinyjila
· parnka
· tilti
· parla-parla
· papanymaru
· luma
· ngalyiwilirrpa
· pirurrpa
load a spearthrower, used to jurtila
load a truck or vehicle, used to luutumula
load, a luutu
loaf of bread karlu-karlu
· yampalpa
loaf, used to make a yampaljurra
lock up a person in goal , used to lakamapula
log, hollow nganmarlpa
lonely for one's relatives kurrurnpa marr-marr
long langupala
· warlpukurru
long ago nyukurni
· julyju
· julyjukurlu
· kurrarlka
long ago, really julyju-julyju
long distance wirrirli
long time rawa
long time, for a kakuputu
long way warnma
· wirrili
· tiwa
long way off, used to cause to go a wirrirlimala
long, used to become warlpukurrurri
look after someone, used to marangka kanyila
· ngampurrmala
look after, used to ngankala
· ngampurrju kanyila
look at, used to nyawa
look for something, used to ngurrila
look for, used to nyawa
look the other way, used to wartarlarri
look upward from a lower position, used to yirra nyawa
look, a backward nyankarra
look, side ngiri
looking at something, used to stop yurturri
looking in opposite direction wartarlpa
looking, proud jarntarrngarapa
loose luujwanpa
· yirni
loose fitting lalypa
loose, used to become yirnirri
loose, very yirni-yirni
loosen a small shrub and pull it out muntulngunyjarri
lose a child by death, used to kampurri
lose a fight jijawa
lose one's purpose, used to yumurri
lose one's spirit, used to kuurtiparnirri
lose something, used to kawarlila
lose the flavour, used to wunyarri
lose weight, used to murrjinarri
lose, used to pujarri
lost, used to be luujarriwa
lot, a yarnngartuka
lots of loud bangs tarl-tarlkaja
lots of water kalyukuyarra
loud wiltu
loud bangs, lots of tarl-tarlkaja
loud noise tarl
louder! Wiltumarta!
louse putinypa
· wirnka
love song, used to sing a magic wilykumala
love/like, used to layikamurri
loved greatly??? wirla walykurringu
loves/likes something, one who layikamu
low nyirri
lower back kala
· narnma
lower, used to become nyirrirri
lucky to avoid a mishap yuku
Luke Luukpa
lump turrku-turrku
lump, used to get a turrku-turrkurri
lungs ralyu-ralyu
lying down with feet to feet jinangka-pula kanturnuka ngarrini
lying on side karlipirtunu
· wingkurnpa
M - m
mad ngakumpa
· kawarn-kawarnpa
mad, bit kata kurirri-kurirri
mad, used to become kawarn-kawarnarri
· ngakumparri
made a step janngajunu
madness, used to cause ngakumpala
maggots pirlpu
maggots, used to lay pirlpujula
magic on someone, used to work wuramala
magpie kurrparu
· kurrpanyji
make a bore, used to tapurrpuwa
make a cave, used to pirnkila
make a clicking noise, used to tilkirrmala
make a fire, used to ngujurlpuwa
· kujala
make a friend, used to ngulyjula
make a hole in something, used to tapurryarra
· tapurrpuwa
make a large amount, used to majula
make a noise, used to tuurnngurlwangka
make a ripping sound, used to yarrwangka
make a rustling noise karralmala
make a shade, used to purijula
make a spear, used to kurlartala
make a statement, used to wangka puwa
make a thudding sound, used to tujurrpuwa
make a track by going over the same course, used to yiwarrarra
make a vibrating noise lilyirrwangka
make a wind break, used to wuungkujula
make alive, used to wankamala
make angry, used to jaarramula
· wirrilyirra
make another ashamed, used to kurntajula
make another do something, used to yumunyjurra
make another, used to kujupala
make arrangements, used to jumangkarrala
make bad, used to walykumarra
make beautiful, used to jurimala
make black, used to marumala
make blind, used to pampurula
make confident, used to punparrmala
· murlpirrmarra
make cry, used to yulajingala
make fire, used to pajipuwa
make good , used to kunyunyula
make hard or strong, used to wiltula
make hitting sound, used to rikirrmala
make into relatives, used to walyjamala
make known, used to miralmala
make large, used to majuwartala
· majumarra
· yuwinmarra
make paralysed, used to narntungula
make pubic coverings, used to nyimparrala
make quiet, used to yakamala
make right or correct, used to jungala
make room, used to rinyngumala
make rustling sound jurumala
make rustling sound, used to riilymala
make satisfied by feeding, used to parljamala
make smooth, used to jiralymala
make someone alive, used to wankala
make someone ill, used to kalyapuwa
make someone sit down, used to nyinajula
make someone well, used to wankala
make something , used to miikamula
make something big, used to jumala
make something different, used to kujupakartila
make something good, used to kunyjunyula
· kunyjunyumala
make something happen, used to -jinga~
make something lighter, used to ranpumala
make something new, used to nyuwanmala
make something slip, used to jirarrmala
make something visible, used to yutijula
make something, used to palyala
make strong, used to murlpirrmarra
make sure, used to purujula
make visible, used to yutila
make well , used to maparnmala
make well, used to palyamala
· maparnjula
make, to -mala
male ancestors jamunyjanirri
male cousins yungkujarra
· juwarrparra
man kirta
· patu
· yirna
· puntu
· martu
man who is always chasing girls wantipayi
man's sister nyarrumpa
man's wife's brother wajirra
man, big yirna jukumunu
man, initiated jamunu
man, marriageable karntamarri
man, old jirlpi
man, used to become punturri
· marturri
man, young yangupala
· murturrpa
· warrinyji
manhood, stage of pukurti
manipulate for healing, used to pampula
manna waranu
many laltu
· yarnnga
· jina mara jina mara
many fell down punka-punkala
many?, how -lyjirri
maparn, person without munta
maparn, possessing maparnwinti
maparn, visible only to karrpiri
Marble bar Mapulpa
marble tree tarrjarnpa
March fly jatu
mark puranta
mark of a person, identifying walka
marker, focus -ngurninyji
marker, question kaji
marks, decorative walka
marriage relationship, wrong ngakaji
marriage, wrong yinyurrpa
marriageable man karntamarri
married marriti
married, used to get nyupajarrarri
marrow nyunyjurnpa
marry, used to marra
marsupial pouch jara
marsupial, mole kakarrarturl
Martu language, in Martujanu
Mary Miiri
massage a sore muscle, used to kurntirrpuwa
massage someone, used to puranypuwa
mate, wrong warnngi
material that can be eaten ngalkupinti
mates marlpa
mates, two jamirti-jamirti
Mathew Maajurru
mature, used to become yuwinarri
maybe mawurra
· maarranyu
· jinguru
· mayitpi
me -rni
· ngayu
me, away from -jura
· -julura
me, for -ju
me, on -rni
me, to -rni
me, with -rni
meal, evening jaapa
measure something, used to miijaramula
measure, used to miijaramula
meat kuka
· kuwiyi
meat for old people ngayikarla
meat gift, ceremonial yinyjanu
meat of goanna, white pirntarlpa
meat or food gift, ceremonial mirtayirti
meat, hot jaapi
meat, hungry for jaapi
meat, juice from yilikuru
· karrkarta
meat, tin of tinamiti
meat, to want kukakijalu
meat, used to cut up jarralypuwa
meat, without kukaparni
medicine mitijinpa
meet together, used to kumungkarriwa
meet up ngaparrku
meet up, used to kulula
meet, used to mirrjurri
meeting japalpa
· wangkakarra
· wumungka
· miitingu
· miitingpa
meeting up ngata-ngata
meeting, at japalja
melody, good juri
member, family -kurnu
men's costume, naka
men's wooden decoration kukulypa
men, attracted to kirtapayi
men, the yirnaparaku
· yirnakaja
mend something, used to miintamula
message jakulypa
· jakurlpa
message, one who has jakurlpurluka
message, used to change kujupakartila
message, used to report jakulyjula
message, used to spread around jakulpa kawa
· jakulpa kati
messenger wangkapurluka
· wikarru
met up with, used to palipuwa
meteor malya
midday jirntu kutuwati
middle kurtururru
· kutu
middle child malyurta
middle of the night kutuwatini
middle, alone in the jarntilyirri
middle, from the kutuwanajanu
middle, in the kutungka
middle, used to cause to be in the kutu
midnight kutuwartini
· kutuwatini
might -jaku
· mayitpi
might be -mpa
· mawurra
· maarranyu
· mayiti
might do something -ngkujaku
· -nkujaku
· -lyjaku
milk milki
milk, breast ngapurlu
· pipi
· ngama
Milky Way Warrukurnti
mine -ju
mine sample drill turilpa
mine, a mayinpa
miners mayinajpa
mirage marrka-marrka
mishap, lucky to avoid a yuku
miss hitting a target, used to jiwarrpuwa
miss, used to purtala
mission miijinpa
· mijinpa
mistaken for something else -karala
mistaken thought -kukala
mistakenly -karala
mistakenly think someone is a big man, used to jumakukala
mistakenly think something is not true or unimportant, used to pakikarala
mistletoe milyulyu
mistook you for someone else, I Kujupakararnu-rnanta.
misty warrkulypa
misty rain, light jil-jil
misty, used to get warrkulyarri
mix, used to runyula
mob wuru
· -malu
· -jirri
· maapu
mob from the east kakarramalu
mob from the north kayilimalu
mob of young men warrinyji-warrinyji
mob, big yarnngartuka
· japalpa
· wumungka
mob, that jiikaja
mob, used to become wururri
mob, used to come to the centre of kuturri
mob, you nyunturtin
· nyuntunpa
mole, marsupial kakarrarturl
money mani
money, wage wijij mani
moon wirlarra
· panyalpa
moon, used to be a new karliyiki
· karlingara
moonless wirlarrapunaja
moonless, used to be wanirri
more muu
more softly yaru
morning yungunpa
· kanara-kanara
· yungunjarra
morning, next yungunkujupa
morning, another yungunkujupa
morning, early mungawana
· mungalypa
· karrpu-karrpu
· yapurrapuri
morning, in the yungunjarra
morning, previous yungunkujupa
morning, used to become yungunpakala
Moses Muuja
· Muujajpa
mosquito kimirikinypa
· kumurikinypa
most important miinwanpa
mother yakurti
· mami
· ipi
· yipi
· tilypu
mother and daughter jarnimirri
mother and son kajararra
mother's brother kamparnu
· kaka
· kamuru
mother's brother's wife yumari
mother, real mamipartanu
mother/daughter relationship jarnimirrirarra
mother-in-law yumari
· wumari
· umari
· marruku
motherless mamipunaja
mothers and aunties pipinyurra
motion yurri
motion across wati-
motionless yurriparni
· pirtirr-pirtirrpa
motionless, used to be yurriparnirri
motorcar mutuka
Mount Newman Nyumanpa
mountain devil mingari
· ngiyari
· kataputa
mourners in a ceremony karnku
mourning, in wirla walyku
mouse kilu
mouse, species of jilyku
· munyarri
mouth yirra
· jaa
mouth to become open jaamankarri
mouth, something in jungkujarra
mouth, used to cover jaamurtula
mouth, used to foam at janga pakala
mouth, used to open one's jaa pakala
mouth, used to pick up with jungkula
move food with a stick while cooking on fire lilula
move something around, used to yurrijingala
move something, used to muurrpuwa
move toward something, used to warntikala
move, used to yurri
movement yurri
movement to one side wati-
movement, lots yurri-yurri
movement, silent jakarrpunaja
much, too jumaji
muddy jupi
muddy water luka
· kalyu luka
muddy water, small puddle of luka-luka
muddy water, used to become lukarri
mudlark tiwily-tiwilypa
mug panikinpa
mulga seed jalyka
mulga tree wintamarra
mulgara papanyji
multiply, used to majula
Mundiwindi Mantuwinti
murderer winyjurru
mushroom, food like mijikirti
music nyuwijiki
musical sound from an instrument nyuwijiki
myself -ju
N - n
nail niilpa
nail an object to another, used to nyiilamurra
nail, used to drive niilamula
naked nikitpala
name yini
· ini
name of a claypan Pirrkili
name of a song line Kurangarra
name of ceremony Nyarnayi
· Wala-walangu
name of Dreamtime man Warlukulawu
name of spring Mika
· Najarra
name since childhood jijijanu yini
name someone, used to yinijula
name, Jigalong language Martu Wangka
name, kinship section Karimarra
· Milangka
name, language Jiwarlin
· Kartujarra
name, subsection Jakamarra
· Jangala
name, substitute nyaparu
· Nyaparu
· kunmarnu
name, used to say someone's yinijula
name, what's its ngapi
name, without a yiniparni
nanna nana
nape of neck karlparrpa
· nyanka
· tarn-tarnpa
narrow wujurnu
· wuju
narrow, really wujul-wujulpa
nasal septum hole nyiirnka
native cat tarnpa
native of a particular place -martaji
native plum bush munyurnpa
nauseated, used to feel karunypuwa
nauseous kurlpakurlu
navel nyunyjirnpa
Nazareth Najarijpa
nearby kinti
· ngamu
· jungulkirra
nearby, that one jii
nearby, this one jii
neck ngalyi
neck, back part nyanka
neck, nape of nyanka
· tarn-tarnpa
· karlparrpa
neck, on the back of nyankanyuku
necklace nikilijpa
nectar wama
nectar, drop of kuru
nectar, used to dip grass into minala
needle niitulpa
needle, used to inject with a wakala
negate, used to wiyamala
neighbor nganmi
nephew kaja
· karli
· puuyi
nephew and uncle kalyarra
nephew, uncle and his wapujurra
nephew/niece and uncle kamururra
nervous ralpurrpa
nest jangku
nest, used to build a jangkujula
nestling bird marraka
net, fish niitingpa
netting wire parru-parru
netting, wire niitingpa
never naapa
nevertheless nyuri
new kamparra
· nyuwanpa
· jalykarra
new initiate jangiwinti
new one kuwarrijanu
newborn child jiji kuwarrijanu
next morning yungunkujupa
nice juri
niece yurntalpa
niece/nephew and uncle kamururra
night munga
night, at mungangka
night, I was there when it became Mungajarrarringu-rni
night, middle of the kutuwatini
night, used to become mungajarrarri
nightmare, used to have jukurrmala
nighttime mungajarra
· yupunyju
no maranypa
· wiya
· paki
no children jijiparni
· jijikanyilmunu
no notice, taking yurtu-yurtu
no particular reason, for yumu
no room ruumuparni
no tune juriparni
no wind tilykuru
no, used to say wiyajula
· wiyamala
Noah Nuuwa
nod head in sleep, used to nyurrmala
nod off to sleep, used to nyuruti
nodding malurrpa
nodding head nyuwurrpa
noise of a car engine running nguntirrila
noise, engine, used to make tututula
noise, loud tarl
noise, scraping rarr-rarrpa
noise, used to make a buzzing nyirrmala
noise, used to make a clicking tilkirrmala
noise, used to make a vibrating lilyirrwangka
noisy, they were being jaarlurrpanyjanpa-ya
nomadic period in the desert pujimanpa
non Jew Juwuparni
non-achiever karnuja
noon jirntu ngarnawarra
· karrpuwati
north kayili
· kayilirra
north wind kayilirrangu
· kayilikarta
north, mob from kayilimalu
north, people from wayungarri
north, toward kayilirra
north, used to become in the kayilirri
northerly direction kayili-kayili
northwards kayilirra
· kayilikarti
nose mulya
nose, bridge of nyurru-nyurru
· jirntajarra
not -munu
· mirta
not come close, used to kintirri
not direct teaching yumuwanpa
not helpful karrataparni
not only concerned with money, used to be raapamula
not skilled in karnujalka
not speaking kanmarrpa
note, ten dollar ngarnkurrjarra
nothing munu
· yumu
· wiya
· paki
· maranypa
nothing!, It's really Yumurta!
· Yumurtuka!
nothing, really yumuminyirri
nothing, used to become yumurri
· wiyarri
· pakirri
· munurri
notice something beyond one's immediate concentration , used to munkarrajula
novice jaminpara
now kuwarri
· nawu
now, about kuwarrilyu
Nullagine Nalakayinpa
number nampa
number, large jina mara jina mara
numeraliser -lyjirri
O - o
oak, desert wikirrpa
obedient person kurlkawarta
obedient to another pamparrju
obedient, very yirninyju
object, hidden kuku
object, powerful maparnpa
object, straight jirumpu
objects from European source with unknown names, number of wartakaja
obligation to be met pulyi
obscured by rain kalyupuru
occupying oneself until something happens watanypa
ochre, red pujurrpa
· julkarrpa
· karrku
ochre, red, covered with pujurrpara
ochre, yellow karntawarra
odour, used to cause parntijula
odour, used to give off parntiyiki
· parntingara
of course! -nyu
· pintupi
of sand, heap juurlpa
off -ngka
off, used to come wupulyangkawa
offer something, used to jamartapuwa
office yupujpa
· yupuji
offspring kaja
· ngulyi
oh! paa
· panta
old man jirlpi
old people wulpipulpa
old person jijipirla
old person or thing wuurlpala
old time car jitartu-jitartu
old woman parntanypa
· jaluru
old, used to become jirlpirri
old, used to cause a person to be jirlpimala
older brother pupu
· papartu
older brother, one's kurtapartanu
older brother, person and kurtararra
older sister jurtu-ra
· jurtu
older woman with many children jijiyarnngajarra
older, brother, kurta
on -ta
· -rta
· -nyuku
· -ja
· -ngka
on board something, used to get tatila
on board, used to get takala
on foot jinangu
on his own kujurninti
on the run walakurlukurlu
on top kankarra
on top of another katulkirra
once, He hit him Kujungka puwa!
one kuju
· wanpa
one (nearby), this ngaanya
· ngaampa
· ngaa
one after another purrini-purrini
one at a time kujumarriti
one by one kujunguru kujunguru
· kujun-kujunpa
one elbow, on kurlkupinti
· kurlkupirti
one end, at mulyakarti
one end, from mulyajanu
one leg, on kanyjikujukarti
one side kujukarti
one side, to yitiwana
one sided favour kujukartiwiyayiju
one who acts deliberately minyirrju
one who despises nyurnipayi
one who does not fight kuwayitpala
one who doesn't care about others ngarruta
one who doubts jankinpa
one who feels strong and energetic after eating food wirla ngarrurta
one who gives quickly when asked pamparrju
one who goes around telling lies paki kajalpa
one who has a message jakurlpurluka
one who has just arrived yannga
one who is knowlegable about taboo ceremony ngurluninti
one who is sorry or pitying yawiyi
one who is sulking yunturi
one who is wanting sex kurlakurla
one who is wanting sex very much kurlanyju
one who knows certain information nintilumarta
one who knows words wangkarninti
one who persists under hard circumstances wamparu
one who remembers to pay his debts pinalkarra
one who stands up for another purntu
one who steals all the time ngulyunyju
one who strongly disregards or rejects another jankanyjankanypa
one who takes no notice yurtu
one's own kurrurnjarra
one's own man kirtapartanu
one, another -yampajara
one, other kujupa
one, that nyarranya
· jiinya
one, used to become kujungkarri
· kujurri
ones, little jukunjukunypa
· jukunyjukunypa
· julinyjulinypa
oneself walyja
oneself, used to brag about marninpuwa
oneself, used to praise marninpuwa
one-sided favour kujuyiti
onion, wild jurnta
· jalirrpa
· minyarra
only -wiyayiju
oops! paa
· panta
open yupunpa
· wupunpa
open a cover or door, used to wupuntamula
open eyes paarlarnpa
open eyes, used to paarlkawa
open one's eyes after sleep, used to paarlala
open one's mouth, used to jaa pakala
open something, used to wupunamula
· lakarnpuwa
· paarlpuwa
· parlala
open up a bundle, used to warnmalypuwa
Open your eyes! Parlala-ngku kuru!
· Parlpuwa-ngku kuru
open, eyes paarlpa
open, mouth to become jaamankarri
open, used to wupunumula
opened, used to be wupunarri
oppose another, used to kiinjamula
opposite direction, looking in wartarlpa
order to do something, in -raku
· -nkuraku
orders, used to give wajarnu yuwa
original, not wartajanu wangka
ornament, head jininypa
orphan minyjilpa
· kampurta
orphaned?, used to become pinyirri
other mob, the warrmala
other one kujupa
other one, the -kujupa
· kujupa
other way, the kujupakarti
other way, used to go the kujupakartirri
others who arrive after the main group kulupalarrpa
others, the karlki
· karlkinpa
· karlkin
ought to do something -ra
· -ngkura
· -nkura
· -lkura
ought to, but didn't -lngara
ours (including you) -lampa
ours (not including those spoken to) -limpaju
ours (not including you) -lampaju
ourselves -ngku
out of -janu
outing, day's purikarta
outside yawujayitu
· yawujayiti
over heels, head katakaninypa
over, used to bend pupa
over, used to turn something kujupakartila
overweight jinyjimama
overweight, used to become jinyjimamarri
owl kurr-kurrpa
owl, species of piwi
own relation -partarnu
own, on its jarntilyirri
own, one's kurrurnjarra
owner walyjajarra
P - p
paddock or fenced off area yaartu
pain karr-karrpa
pain, person who won't admit to janarri
pain, used to karr-karrarri
painful wilyji-wilyji
paint some object with paint, used to payitamula
paint something, used to walkajula
paint, used to julkarrpuwa
Panaka people, all the Panaka-Panaka
Panaka/Karimarra group Marntiyarra
pant from exhaustion, used to rangamala
paper mili-mili
paperbark tree jalkurrpurta
· jalkuran
papers, working with mili-milikarra
paralysed parralayiji
· parralaji
paralysed, used to make narntungula
paralysed, with fear kurrurnpa palyjalypa
parent is yilyu when a son or daughter dies yilyu
parent, bereaved kampurta
· kampu
parents, bereaved kampukujarra
Parnngurr Parnngurrpa
Parnpajinya Parnpajinya
parrot, species of turn-turnmarta
part way kutu
participants, ceremonial jinyjanungu
· jinyjanu
particular place, native of a -martaji
particularising suffix -rti
pass wind, used to pulypurrmala
Passover Pajuwupa
path yiwarra
· karru-karru
Paul Puulpa
pea, Sturts Desert marlukururrpa
peaceful jurtaparni
· kurrurnpa yalta
· kawalya
peaceful and calm wirla yalta-yalta
peek at something, used to nganpila
peel off, used to lakarnpuwa
· lakarnkawa
· tupirrkati
peel something, used to yakurrapuwa
peeled off, used to be lakarnyarra
peeling off tupirr-tupirrpa
pelican jurtarra
pen piinpa
Pentecost Pintikajpa
people martu
people from the north wayungarri
people in a punyayi relationship punyayi-punyayi
people, circle of jarnayirra-jarnayirra
· jarnarti-jarnarti
People, Emu karlaya
people, group of wumungka
· japalpa
people, large ground of wamumpu
people, old wulpipulpa
people, these ngaakaja
permissible to look yuti
permission, used to give yuwajula
perplexed, used to be ngurinyjirri
perplexed, very ngunjul-ngunjulpa
persistent nyuri
· mannganyju
persistent, used to become nyurirri
person puntu
· martu
person addicted to alcohol wamapayi
person and older brother kurtararra
person and older sister jurturarra
person and spouse nyupararra
person clean from washing kilinpala
person from the bush pujimanpa
person of Aboriginal and European descent marta-marta
person or animal, lively pikalya
person who asks lots of questions japil-japilpa
person who avoids punishment janarri
person who can be trusted yiltapayi
person who doesn't know what they're talking about yirra kalyurrpa
person who fights jikipala
person who is about to go yannga
person who is almost well wankanyjanmarta
person who is always playful ngarlpu-ngarlpu
person who is often angry wirrilyipayi
person who is too sick or sore to move parralaji
person who is touchy jukururru
person who is truthful, a yiltapayi
person who knows about sacred things ngurlurninti
person who knows the value of rocks and minerals yapupurluka
person who often fights pikapayi
person who pays attention to authority pinalkarra
person who talks big but does not do anything wangkawiyaju juma
person who tells lies pakipayi
person who won't admit to pain janarri
person with a beard ngarnkurrjarra
person with pierced nasal septum nyiirnkajarra
person with weapons yirrpirnkurlu
person without a maparn munta
person's own property walyja
person's own relations walyjamarri
person's real father mamapartanu
person, a good pakipayi
person, angry ngalya rarru
person, big kaluyarntu
person, brave rakajarra
person, caring karratapayi
person, cheeky pirrkawarta
person, clever pinalkarra
· nintipuka
person, dangerous jinakarrpil
· warnapa
person, dead marlkarri
person, disagreeable parlanpayi
person, disobedient kuran kirtijarra
· kuran murltu
person, generous yirnipayi
· munyjapayi
person, important yatilypa
person, irrascible jantupayi
person, jealous mikujaka
person, knowledgeable nintipuka
person, known nganmi
person, lazy liijipaka
person, lifeless mituny-mitunypa
person, pot-bellied nyurukirta
person, quick acting waarr-waarrpa
person, quiet yakapayi
person, really clever nintikaja
person, short jilinypa
· yatu
person, simple parrura-parrura
person, single kirriji
person, stubborn ngalya wiltu
· ngalya
person, touchy jukuru
person, tough raka
person, unfeeling karratapayimunu
person, unhelpful karratanyjuparni
person, white kartiya
personal concern watapirti
persuade another, used to yumunyjurra
· muunpuwa
pet ngulyju
Peter Piija
petrol pitulpa
Pharisee Paraji
Pharisees Parajikaja
Philip Pilapu
· Pilappa
phlegm nguntu
phlegm, to spit out yellow jangajunu munyjuly
pick fruit, used to yinala
pick on someone, used to yukunpuwa
pick up seed by cupping hands, used to yarlala
pick up with the mouth, used to jungkula
pick up, used to jurntala
picked as a person went along yinalkatingu
pierced nasal septum, person with nyiirnkajarra
pig pinyi ngalku
· ngurlturr-ngurlturrpa
· piki-piki
· minyingalku
· nguurr-nguurrpa
· ngurnturr-ngurnturrpa
· ngurr-ngurrpa
· pinyingalku
pigeon kurumijimiji
· kurumiji
pigeon, crested jarrarlakari
piggy-back jarnangka
Pilate Payilatpa
pillow piila
pimple puta
pimples putaly-putalypa
pinch someone, used to tiilyjala
pinched in tingki
pistol minyju
pitiless kurrin-kurrin
pitying/sorry, one who is yawiyi
place a damper on the ground or table to cool after cooking , used to taampajula
place an object on another, used to takajula
place face-downward, used to ngamparljula
place name Karrparti
· Kinyu
· Jilukurru
· Warturarra
· Pilyangunya
· Nyiyarnunya
· Yirrkalyilyinya
· Yarlkupajinya
· Ngurtulypa
· Pinturiji
· Wirlurna
· Wari-wari
· Pantinti
· Pilurnnyuka
place on something, used to jurra
place on the head, used to jarlirri
place recklessly, used to watajula
place something upright, used to murrujula
place the initate on the backs of the mourners, used to ngawujula
place with lots of firewood warukurru
place, at that very jiingkartuka
place, cool yalta-yalta
place, creation nyuka
place, hilly turntururru
place, kind of -lyukurru
place, name of water Kurtakurta
place, sacred japiya
place, shallow jararrpa
place, this is the ngaangkalyu
place, to this ngaakarti
place, used to return to a ngaparrpuwa
place, used to stay at a place nyina
place, warm parn-parnpa
· parrpa
plain pila
plain, a larrku
plainly seen mirangarra
plains country pararra
plains kangaroo marlu
plant, species of kalyupijurlpa
· karrjulypa
· kanyjamarra
· munturu
· kalaru
· juraly-juraly
· kuuri
· pipijarli
· karnti
· jirrpirlinypa
· kanyjilyi
· pirljiwirnpa
· mungkilypa
· kunaruntu
· pipi
plant, species of edible wamurla
plant, succulent, species of panma
plate puliti
· pulayiti
play ngarlpu
play a game, used to ngarlpurri
play a musical instrument, used to ngarlpuyuwa
play, used to parawa
· ngarlpurri
playful, person who is ngarlpu-ngarlpu
plaything ngarlpupinti
plenty laltu
· yarnnga
plenty, used to become yarnngarri
pluck fruit , used to warrpula
pluck fruit, used to witala
plum bush, native munyurnpa
plural (more than two) -paraku
plural suffix -rtin
· -nyjarri
· -kaja
pocket pakiti
point with the fingers, used to yilijula
point, by the jalinynguru
pointing eastward kakarrawarraku
poison kungkungu
· payijinpa
poke someone, used to tirtila
police marntamarangka
policeman kalungarnarra
· ngalyikarrpilpa
· pulpayija
· pulijimanu
ponder, used to wuurr kulila
pools of water after rain kalyukuyarra
poor design juriparni
poor fellow! nyarru
poor person puupala
poor sight paalypaalypa
poor sighted, used to be paarlarri
poplar, desert karntarangu
position, squatting tangkarra
possessing -kurlu
possessing a maparn maparnwinti
possessing a topknot pukurtijarra
possession ngulyu
possessions purnunpa
possessions, bundle of jantulpa
possibility -lyjaku
· -jaku
· -nkujaku
possibly jinguru
potato, bush kulyu
· mata
pot-bellied person nyurukirta
pouch (of marsupial) jara
pour out of something, used to yinti
pour out, used to liwarrpuwa
pour something out, used to yintila
powerful object maparnpa
praise oneself, used to marninpuwa
praising person marnin-marninpa
precious marululpi
precious thing kalipurra
pregnant, used to be raparrkurri
pregnant, used to become munkurri
prepare camp, used to paljula
prepare to go, used to raatirri
prepared wurlku
prepared, Be Wurlkumarta!
prepared, to be rayiti
presence, used to feel karala
press grapes or the like to produce juice, used to nyupila
press in closely, used to wumurri
pressure, used to put on parlila
pretty kunyjunyu
· jangkarri
· wanganypa
previous event, recall yangka
previous morning yungunkujupa
previously referred to yangka
prickle jilkarnpa
· manguji
prisoner pirijina
· purijina
processional caterpillars marlurlu-marlurlu
progress in growth indicating suffix -lara
promise jamarta
promise something, used to jamartapuwa
promise, used to jamartajula
promise, used to break a jamarta warla
promised girl jamarta
promised spouse pilyurrpa
proper tukulku
property, person's own walyja
prophet jakurlpurluka
· mamamili
ngurlunintipurluka
protect a person from harm, used to ngarlkilmala
proud looking jarntarrngarapa
proud of one's accomplishment muku-muku
proud stance warrparn-warrparnpa
pubic covering jani
· nyimparra
pubic coverings, used to make nyimparrala
puddle of muddy water, small luka-luka
pull hair out, used to tungkurrpuwa
pull something out, used to yilala
pull up a small bush or plant, used to wulykula
punish another, to panijimunu
punish, used to yumunyjurra
punishment, person who avoids deserved janarri
punishment, used to escape janarriyarra
Punmu Punmu
punyayi relationship, people in punyayi-punyayi
purpose, used to lose one's yumurri
purring noise nguntirrila
pus yurna
pus, dried lupurr-lupurrpa
push someone, used to nanturrpuwa
push something, used to yurntula
pussycat nyanyjarnpa
· mulyangamu
· ngalyangamu
· pujikatu
· minyawu
· wilykinngalku
put a glob of something on something, used to yapalypuwa
put decorations on, used to kukulyjula
put down, used to tipujula
put ends of wood into fire, used to mulyajula
put inside, used to yirrpila
put it back marlajunu
put more and more things together in one place, used to pirtijula
put on top, used to katujula
put out a fire, used to juturntala
put pressure on, used to parlila
put resin on, used to milirrjula
put scars on kumurljunu
put something down on its belly, used to wartujula
put something in the sun, used to yarlkajula
put something in, used to jarrpajula
· kurrujula
put something up in something, used to yurtijula
put somewhere, used to jurra
put spinifex wax on, used to kirtijula
put wax on manyalyjula
put wax on, used to milirrjula
put, to -ju~
puzzled ngunjul-ngunjulpa
· ngunjurlpa
· ngurnjulpa
puzzled, used to be ngunjularriwa
· ngurnjularri
python, species of nanyjarnpa
Q - q
quandong jawirli
quantity suffix -purrja
query kaji
question -wa
question a person intensively, used to kintilu japira kulila
question marker kaji
question one's self , used to ngampa
questioning ngampaku
quick acting person waarr-waarrpa
quickly pipurru
· jampalyu
· pula
· wirrurru
· wala
quickly or directly to a destination, go wuna
quickly run away, to jawarnu ya~
quiet mitirlpa
· yaka
· nganmi
· kurnu
· kawalya
· kanmarrpa
quiet person yakapayi
· kuwayitpala
· yakapurluka
quiet, used to cause to be yatarnmala
quiet, used to get yakarri
quiet, used to make yakamala
quieten a group, used to yakamala
quieten someone, used to kurnumala
quieter yaru
quietly jakarrpa
R - r
rabbit nani
· paparnarra
· malka-malka
· jipuku
race riiji
rag rayiki
raging kurrurnpa wirrilyi
rain kalyu
· kapi
rain hitting people kurluwalu puwa
rain, heavy karlkawarta
rain, light jiimpi-jiimpi
rain, light misty jil-jil
rain, light winter kurluwa
rain, obscured by kalyupuru
rainbow jurtirangu
· junyju
rainbow, used to appear jurtirangujula
rained heavily on us kurluwalu puwa
rainmaker, Dreamtime Jaramarra
rainy kalyupuru
raise a child, used to jumala
raise an arm, used to ngarnawarramala
raise someone's arms, used to ngarnawarrajingala
· kankajingala
raise something, used to ngarnawarramala
ramp, goanna yirntirri
rattle boomerangs together, used to timpirirripuwa
rattlepod grevillea malypa
rattling noise, clicking or tilykirrmala
raw kunka
· wanka
· nguyu
reacting offensively to rebuke jarruly-jarrulypa
read, used to riitamula
· riitamurri
· wangka wajara wanala
ready to go, used to be raatirri
ready to work ngarrurta
ready, Be Wurlkumarta!
ready, to be rayiti
real father mamapartanu
real mother mamipartanu
real thing, like the yiltayuru
really -lyu
really ahead kurranyu-kurranyu
really clever person nintikaja
really different kujupa-kujupa
really good kunyjunyuminyirri
· ngalypangulyu
really long ago julyju-julyju
really narrow wujul-wujulpa
really shy kurntaminyirri
really sick ngarntaminyirri
really true yiltaminyirri
reason, for no manyarrpa
reason, for no particular yumu
rebellious janykan-janykanpa
rebuke, reacting offensively to jarruly-jarrulypa
recall a previous event yangka
receding hairline ngalya pararra
recent kuwarrijanu
recent initiate jaminypa
recently kuwarri-kuwarri
recently rain watered area wuru-wuru
reciprocal gift murnaji
· puntaju
reciprocal suffix -yinta
reckless janykan-janykanpa
recklessly place something, used to watajula
reckon oneself bad jankawa
recognise someone, used to yikurntala
recognise someone, used to fail to nganarnpuwa
recognise, used to yintala
· palipuwa
red miny-miny
· miji-miji
red ochre julkarrpa
· karrku
· pujurrpa
red ochre, covered with pujurrpara
red, used to become miji-mijirri
reed artefact jinyjira
reference to a father, respectful mamapirrayi
referred to, previously yangka
refers usually to cheap items jiipwanpa
reflexive suffix -yinta
reformed nyira
refrain from foods, to jaji
refused to stop doing something jalypajunu
reject another's advice, used to kulirnu jurra
reject someone or something, used to mingarrjurra
reject what a boss is saying and want to go against him, used to yurnturnu ngarajula
rejects another, one who jankanyjankanypa
relation, own -partarnu
relation, reminder of dead tawun-tawunpa
relations nganmi
relations who cry for initiate karnku
relations, person's own walyjamarri
relationship ngumpa
relationship term yapanypa
· yungkuri
· yinkarni
· yinara
· punyayi
· yartajirri
relationship, grandfather and grandson jamujarra
· jamurarra
relationship, joking jingkirtirra
relationship, people in a punyayi punyayi-punyayi
relationship, straight yawanyja
relationship, two people in jamirti jamirtirra
relative -kurnu
relatives, lonely for kurrurnpa marr-marr
relatives, used to make into walyjamala
release, used to kurtiwa
remember nyampa
· nyingka
Remember that advice! Kuranju kanyila!
remind a person what they have been told, used to kuranjula
reminder of dead relation, a tawun-tawunpa
remove guts from game, used to warnjila
remove something, used to wupulypuwa
remove, used to wikilypuwa
repair something, used to palyamala
repair, used to kunyjunyula
repairman palyalpayi
repeat an action, used to yarrala
repeatedly -na~
report a message, used to jakulyjula
report of some incident jakurlpa
report, a jakulypa
resembles -pirti
resident -martaji
resin manyalypa
· kirti
· pira
resin, used to put on milirrjula
respect suffix -pirrayi
respectful address of father mamarti
respectful reference to a father mamapirrayi
rest in camp yurlta
rest, the karlki
· karlkinpa
· karlkin
restless karnngarrpa
restricted wujurnu
return marlaku
return to a place, used to ngaparrpuwa
return, in murnaji
return, used to ngarrarri
· marlakurri
returning person ngaparri
reveal something, used to yutijula
reveal teeth, used to yirra pakala
revealed, used to be yutirri
revenge party warnmarla
rib yiri
· yimiri
· nyimiri
ride horseback, used to jarlingkala
ride, used to jarlipuwa
rifle tarlparlmarta
· rayipulpa
rifle, used to shoot with jutumula
right away kuwarringulyu
right hand jurrku-jurrku
· junga
right hand side, toward jungakarti
right here ngaangka
right side jurrku
right side, toward jurrkukarti
right there jiingulyu
· jiingkangulyu
· nyarrangulyu
right through wapirripirri
right way jungangkangulyu
right-handed jungakarti
ring riingu
rinse, used to jarlajula
rip something, used to yarrpuwa
rip, a yarrpa
rip, used to yarrkatiwa
· tungkurrka
ripe munyjulypa
· yurnmi
ripe, used to become munyjulyarri
ripe, used to get yurnmirri
ripping sound, used to make a yarrwangka
ripples on the water murrpu-murrpu
rise, down the yirriti
rise, used to ngarnawarrarri
river karru
river gum walyji
road ruutu
· yiwarra
road, dip in the takurru
rob, used to raapamula
robber ngulyujaka
rock fig kunawirnka
rock wallaby warlpaju
rockhole near Jigalong Ngujapunkanu
rocky cliff, smooth, jiwalykarra
rocky ground yapulyukurru
rocky place yapulyukurru
rocky place, in a purlikurrungka
roll about, used to warli-warliyarra
roll an object, used to ruulumula
· ruulamula
roll around (on the ground), used to warli-warlirri
roll downhill, used to kurti-kurtiyarra
roll up a swag or blanket, used to rulumapila
roll up swag, used to mulyjila
roll, used to kuti-kutiyarra
Roman citizen Ruumanpa
room, used to make rinyngumala
rooster ruuja
root wanalpa
roots nyirla
rope ruupu
· ruuppa
· mirrilyi
rotten pilki
· yurna
· pirninypa
rotten, used to get pilkirri
rough edges, used to shave off miilpuwa
rough ground parnka
rough hill country wankurlpari
round nurru-nurru
rounded surface wirla
row, a ngalparra
row, all in a wati-pirra-pirra
row, He put it in a Junkura wanalku
rub ashes onto the skin, used to nyutila
rub grain filled husks to obtain grain, used to ruurrpuwa
rub off lots of things, used to rurru-rurrupuwa
rub oil or fat into a person or instrument, used to yinyala
rub something off, used to rurrupuwa
rub something, used to puranypuwa
rubbish rapiji
· pinyi
rubbish a person, used to minyjiljula
rubbish another person, used to pinyijula
rubbish another, used to kiinjamula
· minyjilymala
rubbish, used to minyjilymala
· panypura
· ngarnanpuwa
rubbish, used to become minyjilyarri
· pinyirri
rubbish, used to yandy jajarrapuwa
Rudall River Karlamilyi
rude kurntaparni
Rufous Hare-wallaby mala
ruin something, used to putamala
· walykula
ruined, used to be putarri
rule as a boss, used to ngampurrju kanyila
run away quickly, to jawarnu ya~
run away, used to jawa-jawara-ya yarra
run, used to pini
· pinirri
· wirrjala
· pini-pinirri
· pirta
running full parlkurta
runt japujara
rush at something, used to partu-partula
rustling noise, used to make karralmala
rustling sound , used to make jurumala
rustling sound, used to make riilymala
S - s
Sabbath Jarriti
sacred tarruku
· ngurlu
sacred area ngurlu
sacred place japiya
sacred series of ceremonies Tingarri
sacred things, person who knows about ngurlurninti
sad wirla walyku
· kurljirrpa
· pukurlparni
sad feeling kurrurnpa maju
sad, very kujilkujilpa
saddle a horse, used to jatulamula
Sadducee Jatakmili wangkapurluka
sadness wirla walyku
· wirla karalyanu
safe kunyjunyu
saliva jarla
· janga
· jala
salivate, used to yirra kalyurri
salty water jawul-jawulpa
Samaria Jamiriya
sample food, used to nyipilyjala
sample something, used to yajila
Samuel Jamiyulpa
sand parna
sandhill tuwa
· tali
sandle, jakapiri jakapiri
sandles, bark mangarrpa
· malkapiri
sat intermittently nyinatingu
satisfied yuwilyi
· yiwilyi
· muku-muku
satisfied from drinking jarrulyu
satisfied, used to be jangkulyarra
· munkurri
satisfied, used to become muku-mukurri
· jarrulyurri
satisfied, used to cause to be munkurra
satisfied, used to get yiwilyirri
satisfied, used to make parljamala
Saturday Jarriti
Saul Juulpa
savage jikipala
savage animal pikalya
savage person or animal pirrkawanpa
save from sin wankamala
save, used to wankamala
say 'yes', used to yuwajula
· yuujula
say another should die, used to mitujurra
say no , used to wiyajula
say no, used to wiyamala
say one is ignorant or inexperienced, used to ngurrpajula
say someone's name, used to yinijula
say something is bad against another, used to parlanyju jurra
say something that is not true, used to katangka wajala
say something, to -ju~
say something, used to wajala
say straight to someone's face, used to junga wajala
says bad things jaaputa
scales for measuring quantities wayitipinti
scar, a kumurlpa
scars on, put kumurljunu
scattered about jirrja
scattered in every direction, The mob Jirrjarringu-ya
school kuulpa
scissors karlkajarra
· karlkanyjarra
scold someone, used to warrkila
· payila
scold, used to ngumpala
scoop out, used to jawala
scoop up and drop, used to jayirnu punkajingala
scoop up something, used to yawula
scoop, used to marnmala
scorpion karnpa
scrape grain into heaps , used to warrula
scrape the ground, used to jarntila
· warrarnpuwa
scraping noise rarr-rarrpa
scraping out seeds, stick kurru
scratch, used to jawala
scribes nintipuka
· muujamili luwuku ninti
sea kujungurru
search for a track, used to watijula
search for something, used to ngurrila
search for, used to parrila
season, hot puyulyurru
secret kumpi
secretly kukujarri
secretly, group talking together jaalpu wangkangu
section name, kinship Karimarra
· Milangka
section, kinship Panaka
· Purungu
see a cloud coming, used to jalurapuwa
see, in order to paarlarriraku
see, used to nyawa
seed yurninypa
· wilyki
seed food kalyupijurlpa
· kunaruntu
seed food, species of pipi
· kalaru
seed, mulga jalyka
seed, species of marnkal
· mungkilypa
· janikurtinypa
· jartarrpuka
seed, species of edible yuwinyji
seeds from grinding stone laja
seeds, stick for scraping out kurru
seeds, used to husk nyurtula
seeds, used to winnow karnila
seeds, used to yandy karnila
seen, plainly mirangarra
selective suffix -purra
self walyja
· jaalpu
selfish janykan-janykanpa
self-willed jari-jari
sell, used to jalamula
send away, used to junkula yarra
send someone, used to wirtula
send, used to kurtiwa
· yiyala
· jalkala
sense of danger jukuru
sense something, used to karala
sensible, used to become kuranarri
separate partuka
· partumparra
separate groups, into jaalpu-jaalpu
separate into groups, used to lalawa
separate into two parts, used to kujarrarri
separate one group of people or animals from another, used to katamatula
separate, used to jaalpumala
sequentive suffix -marriti
serial suffix -ra
serious minyirrpa
· nyirrparnpa
· nyinyjarrpa
serious, become minyirrarri
serious, very minyirr-minyirrpa
set (of sun), used to kurruwa
set fire to something, used to yumala
set free, used to walajurra
settle down, used to mulyarri
settle, used to paljula
settled mulypa
seven japanpa
sever completely, used to tawunpuwa
sever something, used to kurntala
sew something, used to wakala
sex desire nyirru
shade puri
· wilyja
shade shelter wilyja
shade, used to make a purijula
shadow puri
shaft of a spear, used to whittle the yirila
shake a firestick, used to riripuwa
shake off dirt from shoes, used to wiilypuwa
shake out, used to parntupuwa
shake some object, used to yurrijingala
shake something, used to yurripilyala
shake with fear , used to minirrngara
shake, used to tirritipuwa
· yurri-yurrirri
· yurri-yurri
shallow yarurnpa
· katu
shallow hole jata
shallow place jararrpa
shallow place, used to dig jararrpuwa
shame kurnta
shame towards the man, he felt kurntarringu-lura
shameless parnu-parnu
· kurntaparni
share around a group, used to nyarranypuwa
share around, used to ngarranypuwa
share, fail to jajala
sharp jaapala
· jalinypa
sharpen a spear, used to jinkala
shave off rough edges, used to miilpuwa
shave, used to mulula
she palunya
· palu
shearing shed jirrarnjirti
shed, shearing jirrarnjirti
sheep jiipu
· kukurnjarri
· kukurnjari
sheep's wool wuuna
shelter yurlu
· mangkaja
· ngurra
· wuungku
· puri
shelter, bush kanaja
shelter, shade wilyja
shelter, used to build a wuungkujula
shepherd, used to kamu-kamula
shield jara
· yata
shift something a long way, used to warnmala
shift something about, used to parra-muurrkati
shift something away, used to muurrkati
shift something over muurrkati
shift something, used to muurrpuwa
shine in sun, used to piirlangkala
shine, used to pirrpala
shiney kapararra
ship puutpa
shirt jaarta
· kulujpa
shirts wararri
shiver, used to tititipuwa
shock karrata
shock, used to get a julurrangkawa
shocked, used to be marrjula
shoe or foot, back area of tarta
shoes jijika
· jantaparrpa
· jujika
· jinapuka
shoes, used to undo tikamatula
shoo away, used to manypuwa
shoot with a rifle, used to jutumula
shoot, used to juutamula
short kuta
· mujurnpa
short of the mark ngalyarlpa
short person jilinypa
· yatu
short spear wurrumpuru
short while jampalyu
shortly rawapunaja
shorts juutu
shotgun jurtkan
· jurrkana
should have done something -nkungara
shoulder ngurnti
shoulder, something across wirrki-wirrki
shoulders ngurnti
· pirni
shoulders, carry on jarli kati
shoulders, on a person's ngurntingka
show something, used to mirajula
show, used to nintila
· nintijula
shrub, wattle, species of nyalyka
shut jutu
shut a door, used to jatamapula
shut door, a jatamapu
shut, used to become swollen juulyarri
shy kurnta
shy!, He is Kurntangka!
shy, really kurntaminyirri
shy, someone who is always kurntapayi
shy, used to become kurntarri
sibling, younger marlangu
· marlaju
sic a dog on game, used to wapila
sic dogs on game, used to yirrijula
sick ngarnta
· pika
sick all over wapaju
sick all the time ngarntapirla
sick people ngarntakaja
sick, really ngarntaminyirri
sick, used to get ngarntarri
sickness causing thing liiti
sickness there, used to be ngarntangara
sickness, used to cause ngarntamala
sickness, without ngarntaparni
side kultu
· -yiti
· jayiti
· kapulyurru
· yiti
side look ngiri
side of a creek, the yirrirri
side of creek tartalpa
side of the head katawana
side, lying on karlipirtunu
side, one kujukarti
side, our, used to take purntujula
side, right jurrku
side, to one yitiwana
side, to the yirrirrikarti
sigh, used to ngaanypa kurtiwa
sign (a document), used to jayinamula
sign of a curse yumpu
sign, used to make a wampipuwa
signal someone, used to mirajula
silence yaka
silent movement jakarrpunaja
silent, used to become completely wurtuwa
silver jilpa
Simon Jayimanpa
· Jayimunpa
simple person parrura-parrura
simple, typically ngakumpajaru
simple-minded ngakumpa
simple-minded, used to become ngakumparri
sin walykukaja
since childhood japujanu
sinew pulyku
sinew, used to interfer with another's pulykumala
sing a magic love song, used to wilykumala
sing a song, used to turlku yilala
sing out, used to mirra
sing, used to yinkala
single people's camp kirriji
single person kirriji
singly nganyjarrpa
sip water, used to yiilpurrjala
sip, used to kunyjala
sister's son puuyi
sister, father's kurntili
· yumari
· umari
· wumari
sister, husband's juwari
sister, man's nyarrumpa
sister, older jurtu-ra
· jurtu
sister, person and older jurturarra
Sit down the proper way! Palyayirra nyinati!
sit down, used to make someone nyinajula
sit, used to nyina
sitting in a circle jarnarti-jarnarti
· jarnayirra-jarnayirra
sitting on heels tangkarra
sitting position, used to get up to a nyinanyjarri
sitting, while nyininyjanpa
six jikaji
six card Jikulyungu
· jikaji
sixty jikijiyi
skillful wakuwarta
skin an animal, to kiinanu
skin burning, smell of kinyimulyju parnti
skin of fruit likarra
skin, animal kiinpa
skin, bumps on putaly-putalypa
skin, what? yaalupurru
skink, species of jarlurli
skinny takarnpa
· murrjinpa
skinny, used to become tarrkala
sky ngarnka
· yilkari
sky, along the ngarnkawana
slanted tingki
sleep kunyala
· kunyarla
sleep, from kunyalajanu
sleep, used to go to kunyalarri
sleep, used to nod off to nyuruti
sleep, used to open one's eyes after paarlala
sleepy kunyalakarra
slide something along, used to jirarrmala
slide, used to jirarrwangkawa
· jiralywangkawa
slip, make something jirarrmala
slip, used to jiralywangkawa
· jirarrwangkawa
· jirarrangkawa
· jiralykati
· kapuralykawa
· jiralykawa
slippery kapuraly
· kapuruly
· jiralypa
slow purrka
· wanyu
· walapunaja
Slow down! Wanyumarta!
slow down, used to yarurri
slow someone down, used to wanyula
slow zigzag, in a parlan-parlanpa
slower, used to get wanyurri
slow-learner parrura-parrura
slowly, used to go kinti yarra
small juli-juli
· juli
· juku-juku
· japu
· juku
· jukujuku
small boys, group of murtilya-murtilya
small chisel jintapalpa
small dish marnma
· nyayalypa
small one japuwarta
small, become jukurri
small, gully, warli
small, used to become japurri
small, very julijuli
small/young, while jukuwulu
smallest one japujara
smart clothes kuluju juriwanpa
smart!, You think you're Rakakaraningku-n!
smart, used to get rakarri
smash by throwing stones, used to kaartala
smash something, used to karljarrpuwa
· karljarrkawa
smell parnti-parnti
smell animal track, used to parntilkatiwa
smell either good or bad parnti
smell of burning fur jilururru
smell of skin burning kinyimulyju parnti
smell something, used to parntila
smell, strong minyi
smell, used to parntiyiki
· parntingara
smell, used to give off winyirirripuwa
smoke puyu
· jungan
smoke column puyungara
smoke or wind from the west yapurrakarta
smooth kapararra
· jiralypa
· karulypa
· jarntirri
· kapuruly
· kapuraly
smooth gait jitarr-jitarrpa
smooth out something, used to runngula
smooth skin karulypa
smooth surface runngu
smooth, rocky cliff jiwalykarra
smooth, used to jarntirripuwa
smooth, used to become jiralyarri
smooth, used to make jiralymala
snake jila
snake, species of kanaji
· nyanyjarnpa
· larrja
· purruyuru
· kararrpa
· panaka-panaka
snap in two, used to turlwangka
sneaking about wura
sneeze, used to nyurrjipuwa
soak, a jurnu
soap juupu
soft runyu
soft, used to get runyurri
soften something, used to yarula
softly katu
softly, more yaru
soil, white piirl-piirlpa
soldier yirrpirnkurlu
· jawulyja
soldiers jawulyjakaja
sole of the foot jina palyka
solemn minyirrpa
solitary jarntilyirri
Solomon Jalamanpa
some karlkin
· yupalpa
· karlkinpa
· karlki
· marnkurrpa
someone always having wrong relationship ngakajipayi
someone who can't walk jinaparni
· jinapunaja
someone's way, used to get in yangajula
someone, used to tell on jakulyjula
someone/something, away from -lura
something belonging to someone ngulyu
something in mouth jungkujarra
something, become -rri~
something, did -nu
something, doing -ra
something, get -rri~
something, used to become -arri
something? wurtu
somewhere maarra
somewhere else, from kujupajanu
somewhere, used to put jurra
son kaja
· karli
· katin-katinpa
son and father kajararra
son and mother kajararra
song turlku
song cycle warlawarlangu
song line name Kurangarra
song time turlkukarra
song, used to sing a turlku yilala
son-in-law marruku
· yumari
· umari
· wumari
sonless or daughterless, used to become yilyurri
sons, all kajapirti
soon rawapunaja
· jampakarta
sorcerer warnapa
· karrpilpa
· mangu
· jinakarrpilpa
sore wilyji-wilyji
· juuwa
sore, used to get wilyji-wilyjirri
sore, very bad jantalypa
soreness yarnma
sorry for, used to feel nyarrurri
sorry! panta
· paa
sorry/pitying, one who is yawiyi
sound like swift water flowing, used to lalalajula
sound of a thud tujurrpa
sound of activity jaarlurrparlurrpa
soundlessly jakarrpa
sounds, confusion of jaarlurrparlurrpa
sour kalyjirr
· kalyjirrpa
south ngaparti
· yulpari
· yurlparirra
spade suit jayipul
spark tiirru
speak against, used to ngarnanpuwa
· panypura
speak along a different line, to wajarnu wangkangu
kujupawana
speak an extended discourse, used to wajara wanala
speak disparagingly about another, used to minyjiljula
speak disparagingly of another, used to minyjilypa warni
Speak louder Wiltumarta!
speak, child who has learned to wangkakurlu
speaker, close to the yangarra
speaker, toward the -rni
spear karrparta
· jarraparn
· nyinyji
· tawu
spear barb tarlku
spear shaft, used to whittle yirila
spear something, used to wakala
spear wound in leg warnurra
spear, a kurlarta
spear, barb of tarlka-tarlka
spear, butt of kuna
spear, fighting karu
spear, short wurrumpuru
spear, used to make kurlartala
spear, used to sharpen jinkala
spearthrower warlparra
· marapaku
spearthrower, used to load jurtila
speech wangka
speech, avoidance Yapura-yapura
speechless wangkaramunu
· wangkapunaja
speed up to hurry another , used to walamala
spell, have a yurlta
spherical nurru-nurru
spider taapari
spill something, used to yintila
spill, used to crack and pintilyangkawa
spin hair, used to yungkala
spindle yinti
spine of echidna jilkarnpa
· manguji
spinifex paru
spinifex country parulyukurru
spinifex grass janpi
spinifex wax kirti
· manyalypa
spinifex wax, used to put on kirtijula
spinifex, species of marnkal
spinning kurirri
spiny anteater jilkamarta
spirit kuurti
· kurrurnpa
· ngunu
· pilurrpa
spirit became weak, his Wiyurrpa palyjalyarringu
spirit children jijikarrkaly
spirit, used to lose one's kuurtiparnirri
spit jala
· jarla
· janga
spit out yellow phlegm, to jangajunu munyjuly
spit something out, used to juupupuwa
spit, used to jangajula
· jarlajula
splash down into water quickly by jumping off some object, used to lalyurrangka
splinter jikirr-jikirr
split bone for marrow, used to janyipuwa
split in half, used to pangkapuwa
split in two, used to kujarrala
split into groups, used to lalawa
· lalapuwa
split up, used to be lalayarra
split, used to yarrkatiwa
spoil something, used to lurrpala
· putamala
spoil, used to walykurri
spotted waputirr-waputirrpa
spouse martungu
· nyupa
· yarruwa
· nyukunu
spouse with a nyupajarra
spouse, person and nyupararra
spouse, promised pilyurrpa
spouse, used to take nyupajarrarri
spouse, with nyupakurlu
spouse, with a nyupawinti
spouse, wrong warnngi
spray water on someone, used to kurrpila
spread a message around, used to jakulpa kati
· jakulpa kawa
spread something, used to nyirtila
spring of water puringu
spring time, used to be parna yukurirri
spring, name of Najarra
· Mika
sprinkle water with hand, used to kurrpi-kurrpila
sprinkle with water, used to kurrpila
squat down off and on, used to pupati
squat down, used to pupa
squatting position tangkarra
squeeze faeces from animal intestines, used to junyipuwa
squeeze juice karljarrpuwa
· karljarrkawa
squeeze orange, used to mulyjila
squeeze out, used to junyila
squirt out juice, used to purltujala
stab something, used to wakala
stab with a stick, used to tarrwarniwa
stage of manhood pukurti
stagger, used to karurri
staggering kakari
staggering back and forth from too much wama, he was Kakari-kakarirringu
wamajanu
stalk of wama, the end of mulyaparu
stamp about, used to jutarriwa
stamp along, used to kantulkati
stamp feet, used to jurrkawa
stamp on, used to piturrmala
stamp one's feet, used to kantula
stamping feet jurrka
stance to receive sentence nguyalpa
stance, proud warrparn-warrparnpa
stand before a group for rebuke kantula
stand something upright, used to yikijula
stand there crying, used to yulara yiki
stand up as a group, used to yiki-yiki
stand up for someone, used to purnturri
stand up, used to yiki
stand upright, used to ngarajula
stand, used to ngara
standing upright, used to be murrungarati
standing, legs apart jarrarra yikinta
star malya
· kurtalya
· wiirlpa
stare at someone, used to tarrkula
start going, used to warntitiwa
· warntikala
start up (of an engine), used to ngurntirrirri
start, used to jaarramurri
starving manyu-manyu
state Government in Perth kapamanpa
statement, used to make a wangka puwa
stative focus marker -nga
stay at a place, used to nyina
steady someone down, used to marrku-marrkula
steady something, used to purujula
steal, used to ngulyula
· ngulyu marra
stealthily hunting wura
step jannga
step, made a janngajunu
steps of a dance jina
stick mungka
· warta
· ngarna
stick (tipiny) in place, with a tipinyjarra
stick for cleaning seeds from fruit pirrkiri
stick for closing stomach incision tipinypa
stick for moving food on fire lilulypa
stick for scraping out seeds kurru
stick, digging wana
stick, forked jarra
stick, hitting jurtinypa
· kurnti
· linmurru
· jurna
stick, used to stab with a tarrwarniwa
sticking up, hair jalyjakarra
stiff wiltu
stiff, used to become narntungula
still mannga
· pirtirr-pirtirrpa
· tilykuru
· jalypa
· nyuri
still, used to be yurriparnirri
stinking minyi
stir something, used to murli-murlila
stir up and make angry, used to jaarramula
stomach nyuru
· wirla
· juni
stomach incision, stick for closing tipinypa
stomach incision, used to close up tipinypuwa
· tipinyjula
stomach, full parlja
· munku
stomach, upset jurninyjirri
stone yapu
· purli
· yalyi
stone knife kanti
· jalypa
stone, flat limpi-limpi
stone, lower grinding jiwa
stone, upper grinding wakura
stones, big karlka-karlkakaja
stones, hot cooking yapanpa
· kanyanpa
stony place, at a purlikurrungka
stop looking at something, used to yurturri
stop someone fighting, used to ngarlkila
stop someone or something, used to marrkula
stop suddenly jarr-jarr-jarr-jarrpa
stop worrying about something, used to yumurri
Stop! Maa-yiki!
store tuumaya
· tuuwa
· tuuwamaya
storm, dust yungku-yungku
story tuuri
· wangka
· jukurrpa
· yumuwanpa
story, used to tell a yurrala
stragglers kulupalarrpa
straight jukarurru
· yirnku
· yinturlpa
· murru-murru
· junga
· jurrku-jurrku
· turitpala
straight manner jungangkangulyu
straight object jirumpu
straight relationship yawanyja
straighten one's legs, used to jirrarajula
strange language japurr-japurrpa
stranger wukurlu
· wamparla
· wayungarri
· ngajarri
· warrmala
strengthen, used to rakamarra
stretch kuulypa
stretch onself, used to wartula
stretch out legs, used to wirlkarri
stretch something out, used to winymirala
string turingu
string, jakapiri plant jakapiri
strip bark off tree, used to likarrapuwa
strong kurnpu
· jurnpurrpa
· murlpirrpa
· panyanyju
strong dislike mingarrju
strong smell minyi
strong, used to make murlpirrmarra
strong, used to make hard or wiltula
stubborn marlirrpa
· mannganyju
· juni marlirr-marlirrpa
stubborn person ngalya wiltu
· ngalya
stuck on something, used to be tapayiki
stuck on, used to be mantalyngara
stumped ngunjurlpa
· ngurnjulpa
Sturts Desert Pea marlukururrpa
submissive to authority nyira
submissive to authority, used to become nyirarri
subordinate clause suffix -ngka
subsection name Jakamarra
· Jangala
substitute name nyaparu
· kunmarnu
· Nyaparu
succulent plant, species of panma
suck out, used to kuunyjala
suck something, used to kunyjala
suddenly ngaamarntu
suddenly realise something important happening, used to kutunjanu kanarri
suffix agent -ju
suffix characterising -rninti
suffix indicating completion -ngkumarranypa
suffix indicating inhabitant -yija
suffix indicating intensity -minyirri
suffix indicating progress in growth -lara
suffix transitive -ju
suffix, certainty -ngulyu
suffix, characterising -marta
· -warta
· -puri
· -puka
· -para
· -payi
· -rurru
· -puru
suffix, completive -nirra
· -nkumarranypa
· -marranypa
· -lmarranypa
suffix, coupling -rra
· -rarra
· -yirra
suffix, directional -rra
· -karta
· -waki
suffix, doubt -mpa
suffix, durative -lpi
suffix, emphatic -kaja
· -rtu
· -rtuka
· -rta
suffix, ergative -lu
suffix, exclamatory -pi
· -pu
suffix, focus -mpa
suffix, instantaneous action -marntu
suffix, intent -kija
suffix, interrogative -pakayi
· -partu
· -pa
suffix, kinship -purru
suffix, limitational -ngurninyji
suffix, particularising -rti
suffix, plural -rtin
· -nyjarri
· -kaja
suffix, quantity -purrja
suffix, reciprocal -yinta
suffix, reflexive -yinta
suffix, respect -pirrayi
suffix, selective -purra
suffix, sequentive -marriti
suffix, serial -ra
suffix, target -nyuku
suffix, terminative -lyu
suffix, transitivising -jinga~
suffix, verbalising -ju~
· -kawa
· pu~
· -yiki~
· -ya~
· -wangka~
· -kati
suffix, warning -rta
sugar jaangkayuwulypa
· jukurta
· juuka
· jangkayurrulypa
sugarbag waranu
· jurtipirri
· jukapayiki
suit of clubs kaarlapu
suit, clubs pujikatu
suit, spade jayipul
sulk, used to mulyarrarri
sulky yurntiri
summer yali
· kurlijarra
summer, early tulparra
summertime yalipuru
· yalijarra
sun jirntu
sun shining and causing a person to be happy about life parrjula
sun, heat of the yarlka
sun, used to put something in he yarlkajula
Sunday Jaanti
· Wiiki
· Jantayi
sunless jirntuparni
sunny spot yararri
sunny, used to become jirnturri
sunset karrany-karrany-pa
· jirntujirrpa
sunset, after mungarr-mungarrpa
sure, used to make purujula
surface, from katujanu
surface, rounded wirla
surface, smooth runngu
surprise ngampaku
surprised, used to be kuru majurri
· kuru pakala
· kuru jumarri
· ngurinyjirri
surround(?) kutu
surround, used to tinkila
swag warntu
swallow something, used to nyuulkula
· kurljula
· ngukala
swear at someone, used to karrjapuwa
sweat warrkulypa
· jinymirlpa
sweater juwita
sweaty, used to become jinymirlarri
sweaty, used to get warrkulyarri
sweet talk someone, used to jukaramula
sweet taste juri
swell up from some sickness, used to juurlaparri
swift water flowing, used to sound like water flowing swiftly, used to sound like lalalajula
swim, used to jarrpa
· jarlawa
swirl something, used to murli-murlila
swollen mulyjarra
· raparrku
swollen eye kurujuulypa
swollen shut, used to become juulyarri
swollen, used to become mulyjarrarri
· raparrkurri
sympathetic, used to be nyarrurri
synagogue jaaji
T - t
table tiipulpa
taboo ngurlu
taboo, food jaji
tadpole wipu-wipu
tail ngulpurru
· wipu
tail of kangaroo, base of jirrji
take a decision, used to wangka puwa
take a fit, used to karurri
take a girl for sexual reasons who has not been given to you , used to warnngila
take a handful, used to yawula
take another's wife, used to raapamula
take away maa-kati
take care of someone, used to ngampurrmala
take clothes off, used to tikamatula
take in arms, used to yampula
take off (into the air), used to parrpakala
take off clothing warrmalypuwa
take other's the land, used to parna murntala
take our side, used to purntujula
take over for someone, used to purnturri
take something apart, used to wupulypuwa
take something off some other object, used to wikilypuwa
take something off someone, used to muntala
take something, used to marra
take the lead, used to kurranyurri
take, used to kawa
· kati
taking no notice yurtu-yurtu
talk about someone, used to jantipuwa
· yimpila
talk among themselves wangkanypuwa
talk constantly, used to wangka nguunypuwa
talk continually, used to nguunypuwa
· ngalyjurrmala
talk to someone, used to wangka
talk to, a friend to wangkapinti
talk, a wangkakarra
talk, baby juuwa
talked while others were sleeping, He still Kana wangkapayi
tall warlpukurru
tall, used to get warlpukurrurri
tame ngulyju
tap someone, used to nunupuwa
target suffix -nyuku
target, used to miss hitting jiwarrpuwa
taste something, used to yajila
taste, good juri
taste, just a jaaku
taste, sweet juri
tea parrka
· tii
teach or give a discourse, used to wangkaya
· ngampurrarri
teach someone something, used to nintipuwa
teach someone, used to nintila
· nintimala
· minyirrpuwa
teach something, used to pirntipuwa
teach the meaning of some written word, used to yuti nintila
teach, used to katangka yuwa
· kuranjula
teacher nintipurluka
teaching contained in a figure yumuwanpa
tear cloth, used to yaarrpuwa
tear something down, used to wupulypuwa
tear something off, used to lakarnpuwa
tear something, used to yarrpuwa
tear, a yarrpa
tear, used to yaarryarra
· tungkurrka
· yarrkawa
tears milyarnpa
tease someone, used to tirtila
· nyurnimala
tease, a lanyma
tease, used to jitila
teasing nyurni
teeth yirra
teeth chattering minmirrmala
teeth, grinding of ngirr-ngirrpa
tell a story, used to yurrala
tell lies , used to mayujula
tell lies, used to mayula
· paki kajala
tell off, used to ngumpala
tell on another, used to juntumala
tell on someone, used to jakulyjula
tell someone something, used to wajala
tell, used to kuranjula
temperature, used to get warurri
tempt, used to yumunyjurra
ten dollar note ngarnkurrjarra
tendon pulyku
tent tiinpa
term, relationship punyayi
· yapanypa
· yartajirri
· yinkarni
· yinara
terminative suffix -lyu
termite manyjurrpa
test something, used to yajila
testes kurlurrpa
that direction, in nyarrawaka
that distant place, at nyarrangka
that far! nyamu
That is really it! Palunyangulyu!
that mob jiikaja
that one jiinya
· nyarranya
· jiinpa
that one nearby jii
that one there jiingka
that situation jiinpa
that time palutayimu
that way palawarraku
that way, along jiiwati
· nyarrawana
that's it! palulyu
that's them! partu
that, after palunyajanu
that, in distance nyarra
thats all! nyamurtuka
the ground, along parnawana
the noise of a boomerang after it bounces off the ground tuurnngurlwangka
the Son of Man puntu yarnngaku marlpa
theirs -janampa
theirs (two) -pulampa
them -jananya
them (plural) palunyanpa
· palunyakaja
· palukaja
· palurtin
them (two) palukujarra
· -pulanya
them (two), to -pulanya
them two -pula
them two, for -pulampa
them, at -jananya
them, away from -janampalura
them, for -janampa
them, to -jananya
themselves -ngku
then palunyangka
· -yilapa
· -yila
· -yilampa
· kapu
· palunyangkayilampa
· ka
· kaa
· -kayila
then, after palunyajanu
then, well karu
there palanya
· jiinpa
· pala
there, right nyarrangulyu
· jiingulyu
there, that one jiingka
there, to nyarrakarti
there, used to go along palawanarri
these people ngaakaja
these persons or things ngaanpa
these two ngaakujarra
they (plural) palunyanpa
· palunyakaja
· palurtin
· -ya
· palukaja
they (two) palukujarra
they two -pula
thick kurnpu
thick one kurnpumarta
thicket purnu
thief ngulyunyju
· ngulyujaka
thigh junta
· jawali
thigh wound lani
thin murrjinpa
· takarnpa
thin something down, used to ranpula
thin wedge tingki
thing -pinti
thing causing sickness liiti
thing that you blow puulpinti
thing used for holding things ngalunyjapinti
thing, green coloured yukuriwanpa
things jantu
· jantukaja
· wartakaja
think about someone, used to wurrkulila
think about something, used to kulila
think about, used to wurrngangkula
· ngangkula
think continually about a problem wuurr kulila
think mistakenly that something is unimportant, used to pakikukala
think or live a different way from the norm, used to kujupakartirri
think someone is a big man, used to mistakenly jumakukala
thirst, exhausted from puwarn-puwarnpa
thirsty marrku
· yurra
thirsty, used to get yurrarri
this is the place ngaangkalyu
this one ngaangulyu
· ngaanga
this one (nearby) ngaanya
· ngaa
· ngaampa
this one nearby jii
this one, like ngaayiku
this one, too? ngaapa
this person or thing ngaanpa
this place, to ngaakarti
this side ngalyarni
this way jingulpa
this way, coming kalkurnijarra
this, like jilanya
· jingulpa
· jingula
Thomas Tamajpa
thorn jilkarnpa
· manguji
thoroughly purapuli
those same ones palunyanpa
those two jiikujarra
those two, away from -pulampalura
those who dispise parlanypayi
though, even mannga
thought, mistaken -kukala
thousand jawujunpa
three jurri
threw the leaves on the mourner, he jalyirrjunu
throat kuurljulkuurljulpa
· kuurljulpa
· ngalyi
through -rrany
through the hole tapurrwana
through, right wapirripirri
throw crookedly, used to kikirijula
throw dirt up into the air when angry, to ngarnkangka warningu
throw down, used to wirru-wirrupuwa
throw leaves, used to jalyirrjurra
throw out liquids, used to wiilypuwa
throw out rubbish, used to ngankala
throw out, used to wirru-wirrupuwa
throw something forcefully to the ground warntipuwa
throw something, used to wirrupuwa
· yungkala
· warniwa
thud sound tujurrpa
thudding sound, used to make a tujurrpuwa
thunder jantaju
Thursday Kapara
· Jayaji
thus jiiyuru
· -jaka
· jingulpa
· jilanya
· jilala
· jingula
thus, become jilanyarri
· jingularri
tickle, a kiji-kiji
tickling feeling, used to get jukururri
tie something with a rope or binding , used to tayimapula
tie two things together, used to tinyjila
tie up, used to karrpila
· nanpajurra
· yilpijula
tight grip karrpa-karrpa
tighten a fastening, used to witurrpuwa
tighter, used to make wiltumala
time tayimpa
time, for a long kakuputu
time, hot parrpakarra
time, killing watanypa
time, long rawa
time, particular tayimu
time, used to beat with boomerangs tijilpuwa
tin of meat tinamiti
tip out liquid, used to yirritijurra
tip-toe, used to narntatiwa
tired jawalyurru
· jaka-jaka
· manarr
tired, become jaka-jakarri
tired, used to become manarrarri
to -kurna
· -rtu
· -kutu
· -wakara
· -karti
tobacco wama
· tupaka
· jangu
· janyungu
tobacco wad panyja
· purlku
tobacco, bush jurntilyarr
· japiya
tobacco, wad kulyja
today kuwarri
toe, big mamartura
together lurrju
· jartangkalu
· jungulkirra
· kujungka
· kumu
tomato, bush pura
· jinyjiwirrily
tomorrow mungalypa
· yungunpa
tomorrow, day after karrpukujupa
tongue nyarlinypa
· jarlinypa
· nyanyjarla
too -lurrju
too big lalypa
too much tumaji
too steep to climb, cliff, jiwalykarra
top katarlpa
· katu
top of the head ngamunpa kata
top, on kankarra
· kankararra
topknot pukurti
topknot, possessing pukurtijarra
tortoise wuku
totem, conception jarrinypa
totem, used to get jarrinypuwa
· jarrinymarra
touch something, used to pampula
touchy person jukurupayi
· jukuru
· jukururru
tough nantirrpa
tough person raka
toward -karti
· -wakara
· -kurna
· -rtu
· -kutu
toward right hand side jungakarti
toward someone, disagreeable parlanpa
· mingarrpa
toward something, used to move warntikala
toward the north kayilirra
toward the right side jurrkukarti
toward the speaker -rni
toward the west yapurrkura
towel tawulpa
town tawunpa
· tawunu
toy boomerang wuupayinpa
track yiwarra
track something, used to jinawatijula
track, along the yiwarrawana
track, animal, used to smell parntilkatiwa
track, used to watijula
track, used to follow jinawanala
track, used to search for a watijula
traditional chewing tobacco mingkurlpa
traditional doctor maparnpa
train particularly for football, used to turayinamula
transitive suffix -ju
transitivising suffix -jinga~
travellers jilkaja
· jilkangkaja
tread on, used to kantula
tree warta
tree branch pirrpilya
tree fork karlkajarra
· karlkanyjarra
tree, bark of likarra
tree, base of jirrji
tree, bauhinia jikarra
tree, bean, species of pinarti
tree, blackboy nyurntilirri
tree, bloodwood mijarrpa
tree, fork of jarrapa-jarrapa
tree, forking branches of jarrapa
tree, gidgee janyjuru
tree, like a wartayuru
tree, marble tarrjarnpa
tree, mulga wintamarra
tree, paperbark jalkurrpurta
· jalkuran
tree, species of jukutany
· junturru
· jaakampa
· jima
· jawalyurru
· kurarra
· munyjanpa
· junturta
· ngurtuma
tree, species of acacia jipari
· marntarru
· jilyili
· parlpirr
· parlpiny
tree, species of cassia punti
tree, species of eucalyptus kurrulyu
tree, species of grevillea parntalpa
tree, used to strip bark off likarrapuwa
tree, wattle karntawarra
tree, young ngurntilya
trees, among wartapuru
tremble, used to yurri-yurrirri
· tirritipuwa
· minmirrmala
· tititipuwa
trim wood, used to jinkala
trip up someone, used to kurlpila
trip up, used to karlpila
trip, daytime hunting karrila
trip, hunting yarrkalpa
trouble jarripi
· jurta
trouble maker pikapayi
trouble-maker jurtawarta
· jurtapayi
troublesome, used to become jurtawartarri
trousers jawuja
· jaawaja
· juntakurrungku
· kulujpa
truck turaka
true yirnku
· mularrpa
· yilta
· yintulpa
· jukarurru
true, really yiltaminyirri
true?, Is it really Yiltakaja?
truly yiltartu
trumpet, a puyulpinti
· puulpinti
trusted, person who can be yiltapayi
truth yilta
truthful person yiltanyju
· yiltapayi
try out something, used to yajila
try something, used to nyipilyjala
try to do something, but fail purturri
try to get past a barrier, used to nguunjula
tune, no juriparni
turkey, bush jarrki
· ngarlpunyji
· ngarnurti
· tarrki
turn a vehicle around to go back the same way, used to marlakula
turn a windlass, used to yungkala
turn around, used to kalkurnirri
· kupirlangkawa
turn back, used to pijurriwa
· marlakula
turn some object, used to tarnamula
turn something around, used to kupurljingala
· kupirlpuwa
turn something over, used to kujupakartila
· kujupakartinala
turn something, used to payinpuwa
turn toward, used to kalkurniwarrakurri
turn, in ngaparrpa
turned something quickly walakupilyangka
turning around, a nyankarra
turns, in purrini-purrini
twelve tuwalpa
twenty four tuwintipuu
twice kujarrangka
twin yarlpu
twirl something around, used to kurirrijingala
twirl something, used to riwi-riwipuwa
twist, used to (of a spear as it flies through the air) mamurlpa yarra
twisted lupu
· turli-turli
twisted, used to become lupurri
two kujarra
· tuu
· -kujarra
two age-mates yarlpururra
two at a time kujarramarriti
two female cousins juwarirra
two kinship groups marijirra
two mates jamirti-jamirti
two parts, used to separate into kujarrarri
two things together , used to tie tinyjila
two things, used to join tinyjila
two, these ngaakujarra
two, those jiikujarra
two, used to split in kujarrala
type of boomerang, warlanu
typical of him -jaru
typically simple ngakumpajaru
tyre taaya
U - u
umbilicus nyunyjirnpa
unable to move limbs parralayiji
unafraid kurrurnpa wiltu
unaware yurtu
uncertain ngurinyji
· taju-taju
uncertain, used to be ngukarrila
· ngurinyjirri
uncertain, used to become taju-tajurri
uncle wapuju
uncle and his nephew wapujurra
uncle and nephew kalyarra
uncle and nephew/niece kamururra
uncle or father japunyurra
unconcerned, used to become yumurri
unconscious person nguyuwarra
uncover, used to miralmala
undecided ngurnjulpa
· ngurinyji
· ngunjurlpa
undecided, used to be ngurnjularri
· ngunjularriwa
undecided, used to become ngurinyjirri
under kaninyjarrangka
under water kalyupuru
underneath kaninyjarra
· ngururrpa
· kaninykurti
underneath the foot jina kaninykurti
understand, used to kuranarriwa
· kulila
undo shoes, used to tikamatula
undone, used to be wupulyarra
uneasy ralpurrpa
uneasy, used to become ralpurrarri
unfastened, used to be wupulyarra
unfeeling person karratapayimunu
unhelpful person karratanyjuparni
unknowing ngurrpa
unknown maarra
unnecessary, used to become pinyirri
unplug a blockage, used to tangkurrpuwa
unreasonable panyjarrpa
unrelated situation minyjilpa
unrelated, used to be minyjilyarri
unripe kunka
unsettled business kamparr-kamparr
unskilled karnujalka
unsuccessfully purtu
unsure taju-taju
unsure, used to be ngukarrila
untamed wayilwanpa
untie bush sandles and take them off, used to warrmalypuwa
untie, used to yarralypuwa
up kankarra
· kanka
· ngarnawarra
up, closed tirnu
up, curled mulyji
up, head ngalya yinyja-yinyja
up, join ngaparrku
up, used to fill wirlarri
· kalyjala
up, used to hold something jikajula
up, used to jump tatiwarrala
up, used to lift yaanypuwa
up, used to lift something jikajula
up?, what's wanyjalpa
upper back jarna
upright, used to be standing murrungarati
upright, used to place murrujula
upright, used to stand ngarajula
upright, used to stand something yikijula
upset yarrju
· kamparr-kamparr
· nyinganyinga
· wirla
upset stomach jurninyjirri
upset, used to become jurtarri
upset, used to get yarrjurri
urinate, used to kumpujala
urine kumpu
urine in or on kumpupara
us (including you), away from -lampalura
us all (including those spoken to) -lanya
us all (including those spoken to), to -lanya
us all (including you), for -lampa
us all (not including those spoken to) -lanyaju
us all (not including you), away from -lampajulura
us all (not including you), for -lampaju
us all, to (not including those spoken to) -lanyaju
us two (including hearer), away from -limpalura
us two (including the one spoken to) -linya
us two (including the one spoken to), for -limpa
us two (including the one spoken to), to -linya
us two (not including hearer), away from -limpajulura
us two (not including the one's spoken to) -linyaju
us two (not including those spoken to), for -limpaju
us two(not including the one's spoken to), to -linyaju
used as part of an age number yiiya
used to -la
used to be doing something -ma
used to do something -wa
· -rra
used together, used to bring kujungkala
used together, used to gather kumungkarriwa
used together, used to meet kumungkarriwa
used top, used to put something on katujula
used touch, with burning stick nyilyjijula
used toward, used to go and enter jarrpatiwa
used towards, used to turn kalkurniwarrakurri
uselessly purtu
V - v
vain, in purtu
valley larrku
· pila
vegetable food mirrka
· kunawirnka
vehicle, used to drive jipala
vein pulyku
· jirliwa
verbalising suffix -ju~
· -yiki~
· -kawa
· pu~
· -kati
· -ya~
· -wangka~
vertical, used to be ngara
very afraid ngurluny-ngurlunypa
very bad putaputa
very carefully purinyju
very confident murlpirrju
· rapanyju
very deliberate minyirrju
very happy pukurl-pukurlpa
very homesick kurljirrkurljirrpa
very late afternoon ruka-ruka
very loose yirni-yirni
very perplexed ngunjul-ngunjulpa
very playful ngarlpungarlpu
very sad kujilkujilpa
· kurljirrkurljirrpa
very small julijuli
· karri-karri
very top of hills katukatu
vibrate, used to lilyirrmala
vibrating noise, used to make lilyirrwangka
visible miralpa
· yuti
visible only to maparn karrpiri
visible, clearly mirangarra
visible, used to become yutirri
· miralarri
visible, used to make yutila
visible, used to make something yutijula
vision, poor pampuru
visit, a mayajarri
visitor yannga
vomit, used to jarntarajula
· kurlpa-kurlparri
· kurlpajula
· karunypuwa
W - w
wad of tobacco panyja
· kulyja
· purlku
wad up something, used to tirnula
wadded up tirnu
waddle along, used to jangkati
wage money wijij mani
wages wiijijpa
· wiijiji
wagon, horse drawn turila
waist kultu
· kapulyurru
wait for someone, used to mirangara
wait for, used to majala
wait with patience, used to kinti majala
wait, used to majala
waiting mira-mira
waiting around watanypa
wake everyone up, used to kanalkati
wake someone up, used to kanala
wake up, used to kanarri
waking-up time kanara-kanara
walk around in no particular direction, used to parrati
walk backwards, make someone jayira wanala
walk up and down, used to karrujurra
walk with legs apart jangka-jangkati
walk, used to jina
wall wuulpa
wallaby, rock warlpaju
wallaby, species of jamparnpa
· pakulyarra
wallet pawuji
want someone, used to wangka
want something badly jarla ngukarnu
want that very much, he Jangakulyjurni-ra jiiku
wants that very much, he Janga-ra kulyjurni jiiku
wants to do something -nkukija
· -lkija
· -ngkukija
warm wuumpala
· junpurrpa
warm area wuumpala
warm oneself to nganyjila
warm person wuumpala
warm place parrpa
· parn-parnpa
warm spot yararri
warmth junpurrpurtayi
· junpurrpa
warn of frightening consequences, used to ngurlujula
warning suffix -rta
warped lupu
wart puta
was doing -lwara
was doing something -wara
· -nkuwara
· -ngkuwara
· -nkupayi
· -lpayi
· -payi
· -ngkupayi
wash dirt off, used to kilinpalala
wash someone, used to jarlajula
wash something, used to wajamula
wash, used to jarlawa
· waajamula
washing, one who needs jaartipala
waste material in the intestines kunakaja
waste some valuable material, used to wiijamula
Watchpoint Hill Mirtikanya
Watchpoint windmill Kartaparli
water kapi
· jalyu
· kalyu
water container kalyupinti
water pools after rain kalyukuyarra
water prevented an action, because kalyuparrarningka
· kalyuwapayingka
water, dive in to kurruwa
water, flood parlkurta
water, muddy kalyu luka
· luka
water, ripples on the murrpu-murrpu
water, salty jawul-jawulpa
water, sprinkle kurrpi-kurrpila
water, the creek is full of Wirla ngarrinpa
water, under kalyupuru
water, used to become muddy lukarri
water, used to become without kalyupunajarri
water, used to dry up juturri
water, used to fetch marnmala
· jayila
water, used to fill with ngaapakala
water, used to get from creek jayila
water, used to sip yiilpurrjala
water, used to spray on someone kurrpila
water, used to sprinkle with kurrpila
water, without kalyuparni
water,small puddle of muddy luka-luka
waterbird, species of tarrkaru
waterhole jurnu
waterhole in home country yinta
waterholes, one who knows where they are kalyurninti
wattle shrub, species of nyalyka
wattle tree karntawarra
wax, spinifex manyalypa
· kirti
wax, used to put on manyalyjula
· milirrjula
way, part kutu
way, this jingulpa
way, wrong wuumurru
we all ngayurtinpa
· -laju
· ngayun
· ngayurtin
· -la
we all (not you) -ju
we two ngayukujarra
we two (including the one spoken to) -li
we two (not including those spoken to) -liju
weak ralya
· palyjalypa
· kalyurrpa
weak, his spirit became Wiyurrpa palyjalyarringu
weapons, group of yirrpirnpa
weather, calm tilykuru
weather, hot pirtirr-pirtirrpa
· yali
wedding wiitingu
wedge, thin tingki
wedge, used to chop tingkila
wedge-shaped tingki
wedgetail hawk winy-winypa
Wednesday Tuupakatayi
· Wiiniji
· Julkulypari
weigh down something, used to parlila
weigh down something, used to weigh parlila
weight, light ranpu
weight, used to lose murrjinarri
welcoming karratanyju
well wanka
· kunyjunyu
· kunyunyu
· kurnpu
· wiilpa
· palya
· ngarntaparni
· ngalypa
well then karu
well, person who is almost wankanyjanmarta
well, used to become palyarri
well, used to do jungamala
well, used to get wankarri
well, used to make palyamala
well, used to make someone wankala
well-behaved kawalya
west yapurrpa
· yapurra
west, toward yapurrkura
westwards yapurrkura
wet kalyupara
· wirna
· milya
· jupi
what nganawa
· nyaa
· ngana
· ngaapa
what did he/she do? yaalula
· wanyjalmala
What do you want? Nganaku-ran wangkinpa?
what group was it nganartinpa
what happened? yaalurri
what he said ngana wajarnu
what instrument?, with nganawintilu
what is it ngananga
what is it like nganayuru
what other person, with nganakamu
what reason, for nyaangkamarra
what reason, for nganangkamarra
· nyaaku
what relation is that person to me nganaju
what relation is that person to you nganangku
what skin? yaalupurru
what source, from nganajanu
what was that nganapa
what will we do? jijika
what's its name ngapi
what's up? wanyjalpa
what's up?, well, kayi
what, from nganangkamarra
what, on nganangka
wheat wiiti
wheat fields wiiti
when nyaarta
· jamurnpa
· nyaangula
· jampa
· puju
when it gets lighter karrpu-karrpumarta
when it is light karrpumarta
where wanyja
where? from -manta
which wanyja
while jamurnpa
· jampa
while daylight karrpukurlu
while sitting nyininyjanpa
while there is still some light karrpulpi
whip wiipu
· wiippa
whisper jaamalya
· yaalypa
whisper, a jaalypa
whistle, used to winypurala
white mirta-mirta
· nyumpurlpa
· pirl-pirlpa
· ngintarlpa
· piirl-piirlpa
white and black kurtirl-kurtirlpa
white ant manyjurrpa
white clay juurnpa
· kakinypa
· wira
· karlji
white coloured object wayitwanpa
white meat of goanna pirntarlpa
white one piirl-piirlwanpa
white person kartiya
white soil piirl-piirlpa
white woman mijiji
whitefellas, before kartiyaparningka
whitefellow walypala
whiteman muntungu
whittle the shaft of a spear, used to yirila
who ngana
who did something to someone nganalu
whole lot, the yarnngakuyarra
whose is it nganamili
why nyaaku
· nyaangkamarra
· nganangkamarra
wide lipi
wide leaf gum tree jarturtu
widow parnalyji
· yirnapunaja
wife martungu
· yarruwa
· tuju
· nyupa
· yinini
· nyukunu
· kartungu
wife who has been given by appropriate relatives yungkujarra
wild kurrurnpa wirrilyi
· wirrilyi
wild dog jitirta
wild flowers purtipulawu
wild honey jukapayiki
· jantaru
wild ones wayilwanpa
wild onion jurnta
· jalirrpa
· minyarra
will -lku
· -ku
will be doing something -nmalpa
· -malpa
· -namalpa
will do something -ngku
· -nku
willing yirninyju
· ngarru
willing to do a job, used to be ngarrurri
willy-wagtail jirntirr-jirntirr
win a race or contest, used to winamurri
win an event, used to winarri
win, used to piitamula
wind wangalpa
· wilinypa
· karripartu
wind blowing gently kinti wangka
wind break, used to make a wuungkujula
wind or smoke from the west yapurrakarta
wind, no tilykuru
wind, north kayilirrangu
· kayilikarta
wind, used to pass pulypurrmala
windbreak wuungku
winding kupirl-kupirlpa
windlass, used to turn a yungkala
windless yatarnpa
windmill winmilpa
· wiinymaya
windmill, Watchpoint Kartaparli
window winta
wine wayinpa
· pulakinpa
· wayinu
wing wiingu
wings nyarlpi
wink, used to kurukujukartirri
winnow and gather, used to nyurtula
winnow by hand, used to jajarrala
winnow grain, used to jajarrapuwa
winnow seeds karnila
winnow, used to karnampila
winter wantapuru
· wantajarra
winter rain, light kurluwa
wipe dry or clean with a cloth etc, used to wayipamula
wipe oneself, used to yurila
wire waya
wire netting niitingpa
wire, netting parru-parru
with -ngka
· -kurlu
· -winti
· -jarra
without -jirrija
· -punaja
· -parni
without a maparn, person munta
without asking japilparni
without footprints jina yarrka-yarrka
without having seen him nyakupunajangka
without meat kukaparni
without sickness ngarntaparni
without water kalyuparni
without water, used to become kalyupunajarri
witness mirangka
woman wanajarra
· tuju
· wanti
· kartungu
· mirrkajarra
· ngilypi
woman who is expecting a child nyurujarra
woman with one child jijikujujarra
woman's brother nyarrumpa
woman's brother's wife wajirra
woman's cousin juwari
woman, old jaluru
· parntanypa
woman, older, with many children jijiyarnngajarra
woman, with many children jijilaltujarra
woman, young yangupala
women in generation above one's own pipinyurra
women, Dreaming Minyipurru
· Jakulyukulyu
wood, flat crate type pukuju
wood, flat thin pukuji
wood, used to carve jinkala
wood, used to trim jinkala
wooden decoration, men's kukulypa
wooden dish wirni
· karnilpa
· piti
· pingkilypa
wool, sheep's wuuna
woolly pankuly-pankulypa
woollybutt grass yuwinyji
word wangka
word, interrogative wurtu
words jukurrpa
words, encouraging tungun-tungunpa
words, one who knows wangkarninti
work warrkamu
work magic on someone, used to wuramala
work out a mathematical result, used to kawuntamula
work, to warrkamunu
work, used to warrkamurri
worker warrkam
workers, ceremonial jinyjanungu
working with papers mili-milikarra
worms kiwily-kiwilypa
worries, no kurrurnpa wiltu
worry about family, used to warlkula
worse, used to get walykurri
would have done something -nkungara
would have done something but didn't -ngkungara
would have, but didn't -lngara
wound in leg, spear warnurra
wound in thigh lani
wound, a limi
wound, used to bandage a pantimula
wounded kulyu
wrap up something, used to murljila
wren, species of jily-jilyka
· jiwilyirrwilyirr
wrestle with someone tuulyala
wrinkles wilirrpa
write something, used to wakala
wrong raangu
wrong doing against the laws of God walykukaja
wrong marriage yinyurrpa
wrong marriage relationship ngakaji
wrong mate warnngi
wrong relationship, couple in a ngakajirra
wrong relationship, someone always having ngakajipayi
wrong spouse warnngi
wrong things, he went back to doing Marlaku walykukarti yanu.
wrong way wuumurru
· pakiwana
Y - y
yandy dish jartu
· karnilpa
· lupu
· karnampi
yandy rubbish, used to jajarrapuwa
yandy seeds karnila
yandy something, used to wanpuwa
yandy, used to jartula
· karnampila
yank out hair from, used to tungkurrpuwa
yard yaartu
yarn, used to jumangkarrala
yawn, used to jaawarlula
year yiiya
years yiija
yellow ochre karntawarra
yes yuu
· yuwa
· yuwayi
yes, used to say yuujula
· yuwajula
yesterday karrpungka
yesterday, day before karrpukujupa
yet jalypa
· nyuri
· mannga
yonder nyarra
you -nta
· nyuntu
you (plural) nyurrartin
· -nyurranya
you (plural), away from -nyurrampalura
you (singular) -n
you (singular), away from -lungkura
you all nyurrartinpa
you all, for -nyurrampa
you came, before nyuntupunajangka
you mob nyunturtin
· nyuntunpa
you plural -nyurra
you two -npulanya
· nyuntukujarra
· -npula
you two, at -npulanya
you two, away from -ngkurapula
· -npulampalura
you two, for -npulampa
· -ngkupula
you two, to -npulanya
you've got to yikarra
you, all of -nyurranya
· -nyurra
you, at -nta
you, away from -ngkura
you, for -ngku
you, off -nta
you, to -nta
you, to all of -nyurranya
you?, and kapu
young animal nyamanypa
young animals kurlunypa
young boy jarrkanpa
young girl mulyamunmulpa
· turn-turnpa
· kuyurnpa
· mulyamulpa
· yurrkanpa
young initiate jaminpara
young kangaroo etc yangupala
young man yangupala
· murturrpa
· warrinyji
young men, mob of warrinyji-warrinyji
young thing kalirtura
young tree ngurntilya
young woman yangupala
young/small, while jukuwulu
younger sibling marlanypa
· marlaju
· marlangu
youngest child nyirtingunya
· nyirti
yours -nyurrampa
· -ngku
yours (two people) -npulampa
· -ngkupula
yourself -ngku
yourselves -ngku
Z - z
zigzag, in a slow parlan-parlanpa