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This PPT accompanied a day-long training combining elements of good planning, Marzano\'s high yield strategies, and reading comprehension strategies.
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Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Good Planning + Good Planning + Good Strategies = Good Good Strategies = Good TeachingTeaching
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools2008-20092008-2009
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Let’s Talk Trees:Let’s Talk Trees:Keys to Good PlanningKeys to Good Planning
Concept Maps, Essential Questions, Concept Maps, Essential Questions, and Guiding Questionsand Guiding Questions
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
OverviewOverview
The Forest: The Forest: How do How do concept mapsconcept maps enhance instruction?enhance instruction?
The Trees: The Trees: How do good How do good essential essential questionsquestions foster higher order thinking? foster higher order thinking?
The Branches: The Branches: How do How do guiding guiding questionsquestions assist the learner? assist the learner?
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
““Teaching the answers without first Teaching the answers without first raising the questions takes most of the raising the questions takes most of the meaning out of learning.”meaning out of learning.”
--Francis Slater,--Francis Slater,
London School of EducationLondon School of Education
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
The Forest: Why are concept The Forest: Why are concept maps important?maps important?
Ensures instruction addresses NCSCOSEnsures instruction addresses NCSCOS Ensures instruction addresses student Ensures instruction addresses student
needsneeds Helps “chunk” learning into logical, Helps “chunk” learning into logical,
meaningful portionsmeaningful portions Helps students form connections Helps students form connections
between content and conceptsbetween content and concepts
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Key Learning:
Unit Essential Question:
Concept: Concept:
Concept:
Lesson Essential Question: Lesson Essential Question: Lesson Essential Question:
Vocabulary: Vocabulary: Vocabulary:
Concept MapConcept Map
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
How can concept maps How can concept maps enhance instruction?enhance instruction?
Help students track learning progressHelp students track learning progress Help students review learningHelp students review learning Help frame new conceptsHelp frame new concepts Help preview upcoming ideasHelp preview upcoming ideas Help students understand how Help students understand how
vocabulary connects to conceptsvocabulary connects to concepts
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
How do concept maps look How do concept maps look in the classroom?in the classroom?
Posted on wall using large paperPosted on wall using large paper Poster-sized printout from computer filePoster-sized printout from computer file Computer/Overhead image referred to during Computer/Overhead image referred to during
lessonlesson Student-generated components added to Student-generated components added to
teacher-created templateteacher-created template HOWEVER, NOT a “build-as-you-go” activity; HOWEVER, NOT a “build-as-you-go” activity;
concept map should be posted prior to learningconcept map should be posted prior to learning
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
The Trees: The Trees: What constitutes a What constitutes a goodgood essential question? essential question?
A A goodgood essential question is one that essential question is one that Requires students to make a decision or Requires students to make a decision or
plan a course of actionplan a course of action Fosters higher order thinking skillsFosters higher order thinking skills Promotes critical thinking skills and problem Promotes critical thinking skills and problem
solvingsolving
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
How do teachers write good How do teachers write good essential questions?essential questions?
Consider what students should Consider what students should dodo or or determinedetermine rather than just what they rather than just what they should know (refer to a Bloom’s should know (refer to a Bloom’s taxonomy tool)taxonomy tool)
Consider the use of strong verbsConsider the use of strong verbs Use higher level questionsUse higher level questions Use open-ended questionsUse open-ended questions
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Higher Level Questions: Higher Level Questions: Revised Bloom’s TaxonomyRevised Bloom’s Taxonomy
AnalyzingAnalyzing Analyze, Distinguish, Examine, Compare, Analyze, Distinguish, Examine, Compare, Contrast, Investigate, Categorize, Identify, Contrast, Investigate, Categorize, Identify, Explain, Separate, Advertise, Differentiate, Explain, Separate, Advertise, Differentiate, Subdivide, DeduceSubdivide, Deduce
EvaluatingEvaluating Judge, Select, Choose, Decide, Justify, Debate, Judge, Select, Choose, Decide, Justify, Debate, Verify, Argue, Recommend, Assess, Discuss, Verify, Argue, Recommend, Assess, Discuss, Rate, Prioritize, Determine, Critique, Evaluate, Rate, Prioritize, Determine, Critique, Evaluate, Criticize, Weigh, Value, Estimate, DefendCriticize, Weigh, Value, Estimate, Defend
CreatingCreating Create, Invent, Compose, Predict, Plan, Create, Invent, Compose, Predict, Plan, Construct, Design, Imagine, Propose, Devise, Construct, Design, Imagine, Propose, Devise, Formulate, Combine, Hypothesize, Originate, Formulate, Combine, Hypothesize, Originate, ForecastForecast
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Open-Ended QuestionsOpen-Ended Questions
Lower Higher
Open What is an example of an adjective?
How do adjectives help writers clarify meaning?
Closed What is an adjective?
What is the difference between an adjective and an adverb?
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Open-Ended QuestionsOpen-Ended Questions
Lower Higher
Open What is an example of an adjective?
How do adjectives help writers clarify meaning?
Closed What is the difference between an adjective and an adverb?
What is an adjective?
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Open-ended QuestionsOpen-ended Questions
Lower Higher
Open What is an example of an adjective?
How do adjectives help writers clarify meaning?
Closed What is an adjective?
What is the difference between an adjective
and an adverb?
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Open-Ended QuestionsOpen-Ended Questions
Lower Higher
Open How do adjectives help writers clarify meaning?
Closed What is an adjective?
What is the difference between an adjective and an adverb?
What is an example of an adjective?
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Open-Ended QuestionsOpen-Ended Questions
Lower Higher
Open What is an example of an adjective?
Closed What is an adjective?
What is the difference between an adjective and an adverb?
How do adjectives help writers
clarify meaning?
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Essential Question SamplesEssential Question Samples
Key question openers: Key question openers: How? Why?How? Why? Add “How can I…” to the beginning of almost Add “How can I…” to the beginning of almost
any NCSCOS objective benchmarkany NCSCOS objective benchmark How can I explain how the author develops a How can I explain how the author develops a
setting?setting? How can I evaluate the effects of an author’s How can I evaluate the effects of an author’s
style/craft?style/craft? Why did the author use a _____ organizational Why did the author use a _____ organizational
structure?structure?
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
The Branches:The Branches: Guiding Guiding QuestionsQuestions
Guiding questions canGuiding questions can Lead students through the process of Lead students through the process of
addressing the essential questionaddressing the essential question Frame instruction around an essential Frame instruction around an essential
questionquestion Identify the steps necessary to answer an Identify the steps necessary to answer an
essential questionessential question Help the student identify “What do I need to Help the student identify “What do I need to
know?”know?”
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Let’s Practice: Be a TreeLet’s Practice: Be a Tree
What are you What are you doingdoing in class now/next? in class now/next? ContentContent
What do you want students to be able to What do you want students to be able to dodo at the end of the lesson? at the end of the lesson? SCOSSCOS Revised Bloom’sRevised Bloom’s
What open-ended question will What open-ended question will directdirect the the students’ learning?students’ learning?
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Remember…Remember…
The Trees are Our Friends!The Trees are Our Friends!
Write Good Essential Questions!Write Good Essential Questions!
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Marzano’s High Yield Marzano’s High Yield StrategiesStrategiesFor Improved Reading For Improved Reading ComprehensionComprehension
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Identifying Similarities & Identifying Similarities & DifferencesDifferences
Percentile Gain: 45Percentile Gain: 45 Enhance student’s understanding of and ability Enhance student’s understanding of and ability
to use knowledge by engaging them in mental to use knowledge by engaging them in mental processes that involve identifying ways items processes that involve identifying ways items are alike and different. are alike and different.
Students should compare, classify, and create Students should compare, classify, and create metaphors, analogies, and graphic metaphors, analogies, and graphic representations. representations.
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Compare and ContrastCompare and ContrastActivatorsActivators Venn diagramVenn diagram Post-it PleasePost-it Please Apples to OrangesApples to Oranges VisualVisual
AcquisitionAcquisition Focused C/CFocused C/C MatrixMatrix T-ChartT-Chart
SummarizersSummarizers Visual SynecticsVisual Synectics Pass it onPass it on
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Juan Miro Pablo Picasso
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Compare and ContrastCompare and ContrastActivatorsActivators Venn diagramVenn diagram Post-it PleasePost-it Please Apples to OrangesApples to Oranges VisualVisual
AcquisitionAcquisition Focused C/CFocused C/C MatrixMatrix T-ChartT-Chart
SummarizersSummarizers Visual SynecticsVisual Synectics Pass it onPass it on
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Summarizing and Summarizing and Note TakingNote Taking
Percentile Gain: 34Percentile Gain: 34 Enhance students’ ability to synthesize Enhance students’ ability to synthesize
information and organize it in a way that information and organize it in a way that captures the main ideas and supporting details. captures the main ideas and supporting details.
Students should learn to delete unnecessary Students should learn to delete unnecessary information, substitute some information, keep information, substitute some information, keep important information, writer/rewrite, and important information, writer/rewrite, and analyze information. analyze information.
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Main IdeaMain Idea
ActivatorsActivators KWL Chart (K & W)KWL Chart (K & W) Word SplashWord Splash BrainstormBrainstorm
AcquisitionAcquisition It’s in the DetailsIt’s in the Details The Big PictureThe Big Picture WebWeb
SummarizersSummarizers KWL Chart (L)KWL Chart (L) Frayer ModelFrayer Model Summary SentenceSummary Sentence
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
SequencingSequencing
ActivatorsActivators Pictures/PuzzlesPictures/Puzzles Train of ThoughtTrain of Thought
AcquisitionAcquisition Flow ChartFlow Chart Sentence StripsSentence Strips Q-A-DQ-A-D Cycle GraphCycle Graph
SummarizersSummarizers Beginning, Middle, Beginning, Middle,
EndEnd Revisit Train of Revisit Train of
ThoughtThought
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
1 2 3
4 5 6
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
SummarizingSummarizing
ActivatorsActivators ABC ReviewABC Review Quick WriteQuick Write Summary BallSummary Ball
AcquisitionAcquisition DistributedDistributed
Think-Pair-ShareThink-Pair-Share Numbered HeadsNumbered Heads A/B PartnersA/B Partners
JigsawJigsaw Luck of the DrawLuck of the Draw
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
SummarizingSummarizing
SummarizersSummarizers Somebody-Wanted-But-SoSomebody-Wanted-But-So Something-Happened-But-ThenSomething-Happened-But-Then Sum it upSum it up Shaping UpShaping Up Final CountdownFinal Countdown One WordOne Word Sketch to Stretch Sketch to Stretch
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Note TakingNote Taking
AcquisitionAcquisition Cornell NotesCornell Notes Teacher Prepared Teacher Prepared
NotesNotes WebWeb Combination NotesCombination Notes Inquiry ChartsInquiry Charts SQ3RSQ3R
SummarizersSummarizers Cornell: Bottom boxCornell: Bottom box Combination Notes: Combination Notes:
Graphic Graphic representationrepresentation
Inquiry Chart: Bottom Inquiry Chart: Bottom BoxBox
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Generating and Testing Generating and Testing HypothesesHypotheses
Percentile Gain: 23Percentile Gain: 23 Enhance students’ understanding of and ability Enhance students’ understanding of and ability
to use knowledge by engaging them in mental to use knowledge by engaging them in mental processes that involve making and testing processes that involve making and testing hypotheses. hypotheses.
Students should generate, explain, test, and Students should generate, explain, test, and defend hypotheses using both inductive and defend hypotheses using both inductive and deductive strategies through problem solving, deductive strategies through problem solving, history investigation, invention, experimental history investigation, invention, experimental inquiry, and decision making. inquiry, and decision making.
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Cause & EffectCause & Effect
ActivatorsActivators MatchingMatching VisualVisual BrainstormBrainstorm
AcquisitionAcquisition Butterfly/SpiderButterfly/Spider FishboneFishbone C/E Chain C/E Chain
SummarizersSummarizers Human ChainHuman Chain 3-2-13-2-1
Extend & RefineExtend & Refine Student VisualStudent Visual If…Then…If…Then…BecauseBecause Events & ConsequencesEvents & Consequences Diamante Poem Diamante Poem
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
InferenceInference
ActivatorsActivators KLI (K&L)KLI (K&L) Picture ThisPicture This The Envelope PleaseThe Envelope Please
AcquisitionAcquisition Making InferencesMaking Inferences Higher Order QuestionsHigher Order Questions
SummarizersSummarizers KLI (I) KLI (I)
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
ReasoningReasoning
ActivatorsActivators Logic PuzzlesLogic Puzzles Anticipation GuideAnticipation Guide Four CornersFour Corners
AcquisitionAcquisition Constructing SupportConstructing Support Prediction TreePrediction Tree Justify your AnswerJustify your Answer Inductive ReasoningInductive Reasoning
SummarizersSummarizers Revisit Anticipation Revisit Anticipation
GuideGuide
Extend & RefineExtend & Refine Debate Debate
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Will this habitat support flamingos?
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Soda Lakes
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Evaluating EvidenceEvaluating Evidence
ActivatorsActivators Cross the LineCross the Line
AcquisitionAcquisition Analyzing PerspectivesAnalyzing Perspectives Constructing Support for EffectivenessConstructing Support for Effectiveness Source CredibilitySource Credibility
SummarizersSummarizers Save the Last WordSave the Last Word 4-2-1 4-2-1
Winston-Salem Forsyth County SchoolsWinston-Salem Forsyth County Schools
Marzano’s High Yield Marzano’s High Yield StrategiesStrategies
Identifying similarities and differencesIdentifying similarities and differences Summarizing and note takingSummarizing and note taking Reinforcing effort and providing recognitionReinforcing effort and providing recognition Homework and practiceHomework and practice Nonlinguistic representationsNonlinguistic representations Cooperative learningCooperative learning Setting objectives and providing feedbackSetting objectives and providing feedback Generating and testing hypothesesGenerating and testing hypotheses Cues, questions, and advance organizersCues, questions, and advance organizers