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Mass Timber Fire SafetyRobert Gerard, PE
Holmes Fire, San Francisco
2017 IMUA Annual Meeting
Fire Performance
• Non-combustible• Steel
• Concrete
• Combustible• Light timber
• Heavy timber
• Mass timber
Fire Performance
• Combustible• Mass timber
• Types III-IV
• Type I Alt
• Mid-/high-rise
• Residential
• Office
Fire Risks
• Building life cycle• Occupied buildings
• Construction• 0.8% of all fires
• 0.2% of all deaths
• 1.8% of property damage
Campbell, Fires in Structures Under Construction…, 2010-2014, NFPA, April 2017
Fire Risks
• Construction fires• Cooking equipment (27%)
• Heating equipment (13%)
• Intentional (13%)
• Torch, burner, soldering (6%)
• Smoking (5%)
Campbell, Fires in Structures Under Construction…, NFPA, April 2017
Fire Risks
• Mass timber construction• No hot works
• No significant combustible fuel
• No re-radiation
• Rapid construction
Fire Risks
• Construction fires• Site safety plan
• Charged standpipes
• No more than 6 levels exposed
Emerging Trends
• Research and testing
Tests Agency
Building components testing (ASTM E119)
FPI / NRC / SWRI / EU
Connections FPI / NRC / EU
Penetrations / assemblies FPI / NRC / SWRI / UL
Shaft Demonst. Proj. NRC / CNRC
Fire Resistance Demonst. Proj. NIST / ATF