12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 1

Teaching and Research of Power in the Era of Clean Energy and Green

Industrialization

Malik Elbuluk, ProfessorDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering

University of Akron, Ohio, USA

NSF WorkshopElectrical Energy Education & Research

Doha, Qatar, December 2009

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 2

Outline1. Clean Energy & Green Industrialization2. Alternative/Renewable Energy3. Distributed Energy Systems4. Smart Grid Technologies5. Energy Storage Systems6. Energy Teaching: What Changes?7. Energy Research Opportunities. 8. Conclusions

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 3

Green Industrialization

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 4

Green Industrialization (GI)

• Secured & Reliable Energy• Clean Power Generation• Toward Hydrogen Economy• Climate Change Energy Efficiency• Critical Infrastructure Assurance

GI Key Issues and Mandates

Source: NETL

Goal: Sustainable and environmentally friendly energy.

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 5

Agriculture Biotechnology Chemicals, Pesticides, and Fertilizers Defense Environment Food Processing Industries Health and Family Welfare Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises Non-Conventional Energy SourcesPaper & Pulp Industries

Petroleum and Natural Gas Pharmaceuticals Power Railways Rural Industries Shipping, Road Transport and Highways Small Scale Industries Space Applications Steel Textiles

GI Beneficiaries

GI TechnologiesAgricultural related practices and food processing Recycling of waste and production of portable water Renewable energy resourcesBiodegradable materials Industrial biotechnology Pollution free engineering processes

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 6

Alternative Energy Sources

Biofuels

Geothermal Solar Energy

WindHydroelectric

Nuclear

Wave

TidalBiomass

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 7

• Derived from nontraditional sources or non-fossil fuels. • Fuelled in ways that do not use up natural resources or

harm the environment.• Typically used interchangeably for renewable energy.

Alternative Energy Sources

SourcesBiofuels BiomassGeothermal Solar EnergyTidal WindWave HydroelectricNuclear (Not Renewable)

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 8

Energy ContributionOil 34.3%

Coal 25.1%Natural Gas 20.9%

Biomass & waste 10.6%Nuclear 6.5%

Large Hydro 2.2%Other Renewable 0.4%

Sources Contribution to World Energy

Source: Renewable Energy in Power Systems

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 9

Source: NREL

Distributed Energy Sources (DER)

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 10

Where is Energy Education in the US Budget on Alternative Energy

Source: NREL

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 11

• Integration of `smart' appliances and consumer devices.• Deployment and integration of advanced electricity storage and

peak-shaving technologies, including plug-in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, and thermal-storage air conditioning.

• Provision to consumers of timely information and control options.

• Development of standards for communication and interoperability of appliances and equipment connected to the electric grid, including the infrastructure serving the grid.

• Identification and lowering of unreasonable or unnecessary barriers to adoption of smart grid technologies, practices, and services.

• Development and integration of distributes resources and generation, including renewable resources.

Smart Grid Technologies

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 12

Smart Grid Technologies• Increase use of digital information and controls

technology to improve reliability, security and efficiency of the electric grid.

• Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources, with full cyber-security.

• Development and corporation of demand response, demand-side resources, and energy-efficiency resources.

• Deployment of `smart' technologies (real-time, automated, interactive technologies that optimize the physical operation of appliances and consumer devices) for metering, communications concerning grid operations and status, and distribution automation.

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 13

Smart Meters (Utility)

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 14

Alternative/Renewable Energy Applications

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 15

Energy Storage Devices (ESD)

Super Capacitors

Battery/Flow Batteries/Fuel Cells FlywheelSMES

Compressed Air

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 16

Can We Improve ESDs’ Performance?Manufacturer Technology Capacity (kW) Capacity (time)

A Flywheel 120 kW 20 secB Flywheel/Battery 160 kW 15-30 min

C

Battery 3.1 - 7.5 kVA 15 minBattery 0.7 - 2.1 kVA 10 minBattery 700 - 2100 kVA 13 minBattery 7.5 - 25 kVA 17 min

DBattery 1250 kVA 15 min

Flywheel 700 kW 10 minE Battery 450 - 1600 kVA 6-12 minF Flywheel/Battery 5-1000 kVA 5-60 minG Battery 0.14 - 1.2 kVA 5-59 minH Battery 0.28 - 0.675 kVA 15 min

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 17

Grid/Connected Power System Architecture

UtilityGrid

Utility Meter

WindEnergy

Inverter/ Charger

Battery Bank

DiversionUnit

Diversion DC

Loads

Main Service Panel

ACLoads

Grid Tie Inverter

Solar Energy

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 18

DC Micro-Grid

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 19

Power Education & Energy Conversions

ElectricMachines

ThermalGas Mechanical

Nuclear

Fossil, Biomass Solar

DCPower

Power Electronics

StandAlone Hydrogen

Hydro, Wind

Wave, Tide

Fuel

Cells

Photovoltaic

Electric Drives

Grid-Connected

Energy Storage

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 20

Energy Education: History at U. of AkronPre-1989 Courses

• Power System Analysis I• Power System Analysis II• Power Systems Stability• Power System Distribution• Power System Transmission• Power System Protection• Industrial Power System• Electric Machines I• Electric Machines II• Symmetrical Components

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 21

Teaching Energy at U. of Akron1990-Present Courses

• Energy Conversion• Modern Power System • Electric Motor Drives• Power electronics I• Power Electronics II• Dynamics & Control of Power Electronics• Power Semiconductor Devices• Dynamics of Machines• Control of Machines• Hybrid and Electric Vehicles

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 22

Clean Energy Systems :Who is involved? Multi-Discipline Engineering

- Biomedical- Chemical- Civil- Electrical- Mechanical- Nuclear- Materials

Mathematics & Natural Sciences Business & Management Economics & Social Sciences Philosophy Others

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 23

Fitting the Renewable Energy in Education• It is too early start at B.S. Degree• There is no space in the undergraduate Curriculum.• Lack of formal undergraduate text books on energy.• Too-advanced to start at doctoral degree.• Is Master Degree the solution?

- It gives students with B.S. degrees from different disciplines a board knowledge base in energy systems.- Prepare a new a breed of students to specialize at the doctoral level in one energy system from one department.- Collaboration between Industry, government agencies and Academia.

• Is short courses and Certificate Degree the solution?

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 24

Master Degree in Energy Issues• Duration: One-to-two years• Format

- Courses & no research- Courses with a term project- What research component if any?

• Courses- Core courses (with non electrical)- Electives (Power Systems, Power Electronics,

Electric Machines)• Course contributions of each Department• Short courses, Seminars and Tutorials

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 25

Current Master Degree in Energy• Master of Engineering (Energy Systems), Department of Mechanical

Engineering, University of Wisconsin Madison.• Master of Engineering in Energy Systems Engineering, University of

Michigan.• Master's Degree in Renewable Energy Systems, NCSU, ASU, Missouri S

& T, FSU, F A& M University, Aachen University, Swiss Federal Institute.• Master of Science Program in Power and Energy Systems, NJIT.• MSc in Sustainable Energy Systems,

Department of Engineering, Queen Mary, University of London.• Lehigh University, M.Eng. in Energy Systems Engineering, The 10-month,

thirty-credit multi-disciplinary professional Master’s degree.• Master of energy, The Postgraduate Program Renewable Energy (PPRE) at

the North German University of Oldenburg.• Masters In Renewable Energy. Degrees awarded by the University of

Dayton and Wright State University, with classes also held at Central Stateand the Air Force Institute of Technology at WPF Base.

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 26

New Energy Research Areas• Renewable Energy

- Solar, Wind, Wave, Bio-energy• Smart Grid Technologies• Smart Lighting & Displays • Energy Storage• Fuel Cells and Hydrogen • Distributed Generation Test Grid • Applications: Transportation, UPS, Power

Electronics• Joint Society: IEEE PES, PELS, IAS, IE

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 27

Conclusions• Is the move towards Alternative Energy something

new or is it an impact of the increase in oil prices and search for clean energy?

• There may be some room for reshaping the power education combining power electronics and power systems groups.

• The new energy era may be an opportunity for the electric utilities to get more involved in research and development through smart grid technologies, alternative and distributed energy resources.

• Alternative energy systems can be an opportunity for more collaboration between industry, government agencies and multi-disciplinary academia.

12/15/2009 MEE/NSF/Qatar/2009 28

Thank You

Any Comments or Questions?