DO NOW- On top of

pg.121Match the inventor to his invention.

1. James Watt

2. Thomas Edison

3. Henry Bessemer

4. Eli Whitney

5. Louis Pasteur

a. Steel making process

b. Discovery of bacteria

c. Steam engine

d. Light bulb

e. Cotton gin

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Miss Bonner

AGRARIAN REVOLUTION 

Prior to 1700, traditional societies typically grew only enough food to feed themselves (subsistence farming). They used simple farming methods and created their own tools.

  With the dawn of the Agricultural Revolution, around 1700, rapid

changes in agricultural methods, new technology, and movement of people soon led to even bigger changes.

  Enclosure Movement: Forced small farms owners to become tenants on the land- many

moved to the cities for work.   New Forming Methods: Crop Rotation Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill Population Improved Fertilizers Boom!

Inventions and Technology

Important inventions led to the industrialization of the textile industry first. Other industries followed such as transportation.

  James Hargreaves/Spinning Jenny: Spinning wheel that allowed 1 spinner to work 8 threads at a time.   Eli Whitney/Cotton Gin: Took seeds out of the cotton.   James Watt/Steam Engine Made steam engine work faster and more efficiently while burning less fuel.   Robert Fulton/Steam Boat Improved the transportation of goods.   George Stephenson/Railroad: Designed & built locomotives

Built to house heavy machinery that was no longer conducive to houses.

  Manufacturing of goods was now in a central

location.   Goods were produced faster, easier, cheaper– led

to increased demand.   Because of Watt’s Steam Engine, factories could now

be located anywhere (not just by water sources)

  City building and movement of people to

cities.   Caused by the growth of factories.   Most of Europe’s cities doubled, even

quadrupled between 1800-1850.    

Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain

I. Why Britain?   B – Borders/Harbors – trade ports, navigable rivers, island (ports)     R – Resources (natural) – iron, coal, and water; also controlled many colonies for raw

materials       I – Investments – had money to put into businesses (ex. established banking system)

  T – Technology – ex. steam engine; Transportation – ex. RRs, steamboats       S – Surplus of people – translated to work force  

  Britain’s richest coal fields are in the central & northern

regions of the country.   Coal was found to be the most efficient way to power

the new steam engine. As a result, many new industries & factories moved to be near the sources of energy. Soon, coal-field engines powered the iron factories, textile factories and railroads of northern Britain.

  Industrialization also required a large labor force. The

enclosure movement, in which wealthy landowners bought out small farms & forced people out of their livelihood, provided a ready supply of workers. As a result, masses of people migrated to the industrial cities to find jobs.

 

Negative Effects Positive Effects

Urbanization

Working conditions and Wages

Child Labor

Conditions in the Coal Mines

Changing Class Structure

Changing Role of Women

Education 

Page 122

Negative Effects Positive Effects

Urbanization• crowded• housing – dark, poorly constructed, badly ventilated• orphans & unemployed lived on streets• 20 families in one house (1 toilet)• garbage, disease, crime, dec. life expectancy

• Increased city population led to more job opportunities and increased business and entertainment

Working conditions and Wages• 12-14 hour days• short breaks for meals• 6 days/week• hot, poor lighting• threatened to be fired/lower wages• dirty, dangerous, locked doors/windows

• cheap labor for bosses

Child Labor• lower wages, long hours, difficult work, dangerous• weaker bodies, more sickly, deformed• lack of parental supervision

• Parliament eventually investigated conditions (Sadler Committee)

Conditions in the Coal Mines• hot, underground – crawl through small spaces• damp, dark• lung disease, cave-ins• drowning, suffocation, explosions

Changing Class Structure

• grown of urban poor – poverty-stricken, lived in slums• often not educated to move up in society

• industrial capitalists – ran factories, rich and powerful• increased urban middle-class• social mobility

Changing Role of Women• 12-14 hours• 1/2- 1/3 men’s wages• hazardous conditions; deformities; lung disease• time away from children• still had household duties

Education• few children (especially lower class) received an education• unqualified teachers

• mandated (required) education• taught basic skills• more financial support from government• technical schools created

Modern Buildings• row houses and multistory tenements• industrial slums

• modern architecture• urban middle-class – new homes and townhomes• city halls, stock exchanges, opera houses

Honors: To Tell the Truth Review Game:

3 students at a time will present one with card. Each will claim to be the Industrial or Cultural Revolution inventor or scientist and will read their assigned card EXACTLY as it is written. They should try to be as convincing as possible in their reading.

The rest of the class will need to decide

which of the three students is “telling the truth.”

To Tell the Truth T-Chart: Page 123

Jethro Tull Eli Whitney James Hargreaves Richard Arkwright James Watt Robert Fulton Adam Smith Andrew Carnegie Karl Marx Thomas Edison Henry Bessemer Henry Ford Orville and Wilbur

Wright

Samuel Morse Alexander Graham Bell Guglielmo Marconi Charles Darwin Marie Curie Albert Einstein Louis Pasteur Ivan Pavlov Sigmund Freud Ludwig van Beethoven Charles Dickens Leo Tolstoy Claude Monet

Holding your notebook Landscape Style:

Make two t-charts (see the example). As we play the game you will be filling in

the t-chart. We will complete three discussion

questions at the end of the game. They will not be written down but we will

answer them as a class.

Discussion Questions:

1. Who do you think was the most important inventor/contributor of the

Industrial and Cultural Revolution? Why? 2. Which of the inventions or new ideas do you think is most

significant in the modern world? Why? 3. Summarize how these inventions and new ideas represent the

changes and impacts of the Industrial and Cultural Age.

DO NOW:

Please have your “To Tell the Truth” t-charts out. We will be finishing them and then watching a clip from mankind.

We will be finishing the first clip and then moving onto different political and economic theories of the time.

After brief notes you will be identifying and labeling a cartoon for one of your isms.

Mankind Clip Questions: Industrial Revolution

1. Richard Arkwright’s machine changed society into a consumer society. According to the video, what does that mean?

 2. Arkwright not only changed how products were made – it changed

where they were made. Where did people make products now? 3. How did coal/steam change the world?

4. What obstacle stood in the way of the Baltimore-Ohio Railroad? 

5.Benjamin Latrobe, Jr. oversaw the production. Who did most of the actual digging?

 6. “America’s most challenging railroad projects cost one worker’s life

for…”

**Economic Theories during the Industrial Revolution**

* Thomas Malthaus – “An Essay on the Principle of Population” 1. population is increasing faster than the food supply, so most are destined to

be poor nfluenced 2. yet against government helping the poor – would upset the free market

system      * Charles Darwin – The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 1. “survival of the fittest” – people/animals who best adapt to the

environment survive

New Theory a. ex. if people have to compete for food, the fittest will survive   Social Darwinism: belief that all human groups compete for survival = the

stronger groups will replace the weaker groups.     I

. Capitalism – little/no government control A. factors of production are privately owned B. money is invested in business to make a profit C. prices are determined by demand D. the government should NOT interfere (ex. minimum wage, better

working conditions) – would undermine the production of wealth   A. Adam Smith –Wealth of Nations 1. laissez-faire economics – hands-off government (economic liberty = economic progress) 2. people work for own good; competition increases quality;

business is regulated by laws of supply and demand    

**Economic Responses to the Industrial Revolution (Capitalism) **   I. General Beliefs – the interests of the WHOLE society are more

important than individual interests   A. Utilitarianism/utopian ideas – government

intervention/control 1. Robert Owen – utopian a. improved conditions in his own factory (ex. no child labor,

education provided, better hours,…)   B. Socialism – public ownership of factors of production;

government controls key industries (ex. RR, mines,…) 1. Balance between capitalism and communism – government still has some

share of ownership  

C. Radical Socialism1. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels – The Communist Manifesto – outline ideas about Marxism 2. Beliefs a. constant struggle between economic classes 1. “HAVES” – bourgeoisie – control means to produce goods 2. “HAVE NOTS” – proletariat – do backbreaking labor b. the proletariats will eventually rise up and overthrow the oppressors

(capitalist society) c. they will then create a classless society – equality for all    

D. Communism – people own ALL means of production 1. wealth and property equally shared 2. NO private property 3. would eventually impact Russia, China, Cuba,..

After Economic Theories Notes ½ page- Cartoon on other half:

Please pick one of the isms we just learned about and label the cartoon.

For each cell of the cartoon fill it out as it would apply to the ism that you chose at the bottom of the sheet, explain why you entered what you did into the cell.

10 minutes

1.What is this banner calling for?

2. How could a union help achieve this?

Long Term Outcomes:

I. Poor Working Conditions Led to…

A. Government regulation1. Saddler Committee – Parliamentary committee to investigate child labor2. Factory Acts of 1819 and 1833 – regulate child labor3. 1847 – 10 Hours Act

B. Formation of Unions 1. use strikes and collective bargaining to fight for

workers’ rights    

II. Emergence of New Social Classes Led to…  

A. General increase in standard of living   B. More complex social order (as opposed to traditional

societies: nobles vs. peasants) 1. upper class – rich industrial business families, old

nobility 2. middle class – midlevel business people, doctors, scientists, lawyers, teachers, office workers, shop owners,

clerks 3. lower class–factory workers and peasants  

B. Increased opportunities for Education 1. public schools in late 1800s 2. middle-class could afford to send kids to higher education   C. Increased democratic participation 1. Voting (Suffrage) Laws a. Reform Bill of 1832 – allowed middle class men to vote b. 1884 – all men allowed to vote c. 1928 – all citizens of age allowed to vote (women also finally

allowed to vote)   D. Slavery abolished in 1833 (Great Britain)  

Urbanization:

III. Urbanization Led to….  

A. development of the suburbs for the wealthy B. housing, diet, and clothing improvements C. paved streets, electric lights, sewer systems, fire and police forces D. skyscrapers, museums, theaters, and entertainment     IV. Better farming methods, medical advancements, and improved

sanitation led to…  

A. Europe’s population doubled between 1800-1900      

V. New technology and business practices led to…  

A. Improved efficiency 1. interchangeable parts and the assembly line   B. New business models 1. corporations – businesses owned by many investors who buy shares of

stock 2. monopolies – corporations that controlled entire industries or areas of

the economy

a. led to increased demand for business regulation by the government  

C. …Impacts around the World…

I. Spreading of Ideas A. Other countries, such as Germany, France, Belgium, and

the U.S. began to industrialize 1. industrialization in these countries also led to

similar economic and social changes     II. Global Interdependence A. Countries began to rely on one another for materials

and markets      

III. Global Migration A. better transportation, overcrowding, poor social and political conditions led people

to search of better life 1. many came to the U.S. from 1845-1910 2. Irish potato famine – failure of crops and harsh rule by Britain led to mass migration     IV. Global Inequalities A. the gap increased between industrialized and non-industrialized nations’ economic

and political status in the world B. industrialized nations began to look outside their borders for raw materials, cheap labor, and new markets   1. this would lead to racism, warfare (competition for resources), and  

IMPERIALISM!

Mankind Questions Urbanization:

Sanitation in Industrial Mega-Cities:1. What was the primary cause of death in cities? 2. How did Dr. John Snow discover the true source of

the cholera outbreak? 3. How did the authorities finally stop the outbreak? 4. Parliament finally intervened to stop “The Great

Stink.” What did they do that both reduced death and the miserable stench?

Urbanization and the Urban Game

Please take a piece of grid paper, on the lined page of the your notebook, copy down the key that we will be using for the game.

It is very important that you copy down and label the image correctly, because it will be important when playing the game

A LESSON ON THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The Urban Game

Directions Concentrate on listening to the story. Work quickly to complete each instruction

in the minutes given.

You will be evaluated on your poster and answers to the questions at the end.

I can’t repeat any part of the story! Listen and follow the directions carefully. Do NOT ask for repeating!

It is 1700 in England.

Draw a river across your paper connecting east to west. The river should be about an inch wide. Draw a wooden bridge across the river, 4 roads originating from each direction, 10 houses, a church, a cemetery, a “commons” area, a store, a pub, a coal mine, and a lot of trees all over the scene.

By 1745, the scene begins to change…

Build yourself 1 nice home anywhere on the map you would like it to be.

Construct a canal to provide better transportation – it must run parallel to the river.

By 1750, the population begins to grow a bit.

Add 7 houses to your scene.

By 1760, needs are different. Take away half of the commons area and

add 1 more nice house.

In 1773, the town changes drastically. No turning back. Add one factory. The cotton factory

must be located on the river bank.

The factory is changing our town. By 1774, we are growing. This is progress! Add 5 houses, 1 church, 1 pub, and 1

store. You may draw additional roads and 1 bridge.

Add 5 new factories.

Things will only get better with this progress! Right?

By 1780, with all of the new factories, the demand for labor has grown our population. People are coming from all around the town for work. Add 5 tenements.

By 1781, the new population requires more… Add 1 store, 1 pub, and 1 church. Add 1 school for boys.

While much of the population works in the factories for low wages, there is a small middle class and an elite upper class of owners. They need the schooling for their boys.

By 1782, many of the workers in the factories need something to help them forget the hard work they do in the factories. Add 2 more pubs.

By the next year, 1783, other wealthy investors come to town.

Add 2 large, special, luxury homes.

By 1784, the new owners begin bringing more progress for our town.

Add 10 more factories. Add a huge monster house.

As the century turns in 1800, we are definitely seeing the costs of progress. We need to find more energy and update our town to support the factories. Add 1 new coal mine and a new iron

bridge to replace the old wooden bridge.

This progress is really taking its toll… By 1815, the town is no longer as excited about the factories coming to town. Add a cemetery, complete with

headstones. Many of the headstones will read the names of those who died from doing their jobs in the new factories.

Maybe a new development will make it all worth it. By 1820, a new form of transportation is coming to town. Add 1 railroad line connecting your

factory district to the outer coal mining regions.

Unfortunately, only the wealthy will benefit from the new transportation. The rest just work and sleep. Some get frustrated by the situation. By 1827, our little town has definitely changed.

Add 1 jail and 2 pubs.

Still, progress doesn’t stop. By 1837, we have to find ways to keep the town up at night to get the work done. Draw street lights (fueled by oil),

lining your business and community streets.

The work is never ending. By 1838, with the changes in the factories for more production, it is getting more dangerous to go to work. Many of the injured and killed are the children working in the factories. Add 2 hospitals and 1 cemetery.

For the factory owners, life is good. They are making money and need more ways to transport their goods. By 1840, another addition comes to town. Add one more railroad line.

The population to work in the factories is ever growing. By 1842, there is great demand for more housing and for businesses to support the population changes. Of course, new investors will come as well. Add 20 houses, 5 tenements, 2 stores,

1 church, 5 factories, 1 pub, and 1 other huge, nice house.

The middle and upper classes of our town are demanding social opportunities. By 1845, our little town is growing into a full city. Add 1 museum, 1 university, 2

theaters, 2 more private schools.

For the working class, by 1850, life only gets worse. There are no regulations on the factories. The pollution is fogging our city. Workers are being killed or injured every day. The women and children are no longer innocent and protected. Times have definitely changed…

Add 3 more cemeteries, 1 jail, 3 more hospitals - all to accommodate the poor victims of urban life.

Wrap-up Questions

What changes occurred as the Industrial Revolution took hold?

How did the appearance of the cities change?

How do you think people’s lives changed as a result?

What factors are similar to today? What is different?

Emergence of New Social Classes:

After new social classes notes,

What does a Lady Gaga song parody have to do with women’s rights and suffrage?

Industrial Revolution Wrap Up: 3,2,1…..

3 Causes of the Agrarian Revolution.

2 Reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain.

1Reason the steam engine was revolutionary.