99

MATERIALS & RESOURCES

100

Material & Resources

Prerequisite 1: Storage and Collection of Recyclables Mandatory

Intent

Divert recyclable and reusable waste from landfills.

Compliance Requirements

Provide separate bins for paper, plastic & cans, and organic waste. Provide one set of bins for every

1000 sq ft of occupied area, and a larger set of bins on each floor. All the recyclable waste collected

should be sent for recycling. Organic waste can be decomposed on site or can be added to the municipal

solid waste.

For any other kinds of wastes (glass, metals, cardboard, etc), provide a separate bin on each floor.

The organization should collect the following waste on-site and send it for recycling or dispose it

appropriately.

paper and cardboard

plastic

glass

metals

organic waste

Compliance Documentation

Show the location of bins on the architectural drawing of a typical floor

Provide photographs of the bins on site

Provide drawings highlighting the area for storage and segregation of waste onsite.

Credit References

LEED New Construction

IGBC Green Factory

101

Basis of the Credit

With increasing urban population in India, the waste generation is increasing at a rate of 5% annually.

Various study show that a huge amount of waste is being generated in Hyderabad which is going into

landfill. Waste on landfill then tend to contaminate the land, air, and water as well. Hence, segregation,

reuse and recycling waste on site is important. In recent past increase in environmental consciousness is

improving the recycling facilities in India. Some private companies now are into recycling waste.

References:

http://www.itcgreenpapers.com/Wealth_Out_of_Waste.aspx, last accessed: 10/17/13

DISCUSSION PAPER ON COLLECTION AND RECYCLING OF WASTE PAPER IN INDIA,

http://dipp.nic.in/english/Discuss_paper/DiscussionPaper_Recycling_WastePaper_21October20

11.pdf, last accessed: 10/17/13

http://www.ipma.co.in/recycle.asp, last accessed: 10/17/13

K. Jeevan Rao and M.V. Shantaram, Soil and Water Pollution due to Open Landfills, Workshop on

Sustainable Landfill Management 3–5 December, 2003; Chennai, India, pp. 27-38

http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/states/plastic-waste-disposal-turning-a-serious-

problem/article4547522.ece, last accessed: 09/28/13

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/treat-waste-before-disposal/article1584335.ece, last

accessed: 09/28/13

http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ghmc-struggles-with-garbage-woes/161217-60-121.html, last accessed:

09/28/13

102

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-07/hyderabad/36192239_1_iswm-project-ag-

office-ramky-enviro-engineers, last accessed: 09/28/13

http://postnoon.com/2013/04/15/electronic-waste-collection-programmes-to-be-launched-in-

hyderabad/119866, last accessed: 09/28/13

103

http://www.unescap.org/esd/environment/soe/2000/documents/CH08.PDF, last accessed: 09/28/13

104

Material & Resources

Prerequisite 2: Collection and Disposal of Non Degradable Waste Mandatory

Intent

Prevent land, air, and water pollution due to non degradable waste

Compliance Requirements

The organization should collect all the non-degradable and toxic wastes generated onsite and send it for

disposal or recycling as specified by the Center Pollution Control Board of India, or any appropriate local

or international bodies. The project team can send the waste to appropriate non-private recycling

agencies located within India.

Common inorganic waste generated in office includes but is not limited to:

fluorescent lamps containing mercury

e-waste such as batteries, magnetic ballasts, computers, cell phones, etc.

medicines from the first aid cabinets

material such as electricity wiring and boards containing lead or other heavy metals

Compliance Documentation

Submit the organizational policy and plan on non-degradable waste collection, management,

and disposal

Credit References

LEED New Construction

105

Basis of the Credit

Andhra Pradesh ranks third in the country in generating hazardous waste. With increasing number of

offices in its capital city Hyderabad, there is increasing amount of e-waste being generated annually.

Appropriately disposing such hazardous waste is important to reduce heat risks associated with land, air,

and water pollution caused due to such waste. In recent past increase in environmental consciousness is

improving the recycling facilities in India. Some private companies now are into recycling waste.

References:

http://www.indianexpress.com/news/finally-a-law-to-govern-ewaste/941603/

http://www.zdnet.com/karma-recycling-pushes-simplified-e-waste-management-in-india-

7000021315/

106

http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/region__ext_content/regions/south+asia/news/ewaste+

recycling+solution+for+india

http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/Blogs/makingwaves/victory-india-

introduces-e-waste-law/blog/35240/

http://www.scrapmonster.com/news/power-utility-in-south-india-to-recycle-compact-

fluorescent-lamps/1/4788

http://envfor.nic.in/mef/Task%20Force%20report2.pdf

B.V. Babu and V. Ramakrishna, Hazardous Waste Management In India,

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.10.8335&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Hazardous Metals And Minerals Pollution In India: Sources, Toxicity And Management, Indian

National Science Academy Bahadurshah Zafar Marg, New Delhi

R. Srikanth, A. Madhu Mohan Rao, Anees Khanum, S. R. P. Reddy, Mercury contamination of

groundwater around Hussain Sagar lake, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and

Toxicology July 1993, Volume 51, Issue 1, pp 96-98

107

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-06/hyderabad/39063986_1_brain-stroke-e-waste-

bins-dealers, last accessed: 09/28/13

http://www.cpcb.nic.in/Highlights/2008/chapter-9.pdf, last accessed: 09/28/13

108

http://www.unescap.org/esd/environment/soe/2000/documents/CH08.PDF, last accessed: 09/28/13

109

Material & Resources

Prerequisite 3: Avoidance of Chemicals of Concern Mandatory Intent

Reduce the presence of potentially hazardous substances from the material supply chain and to

promote the selection of materials that do not have long-term negative impacts on human health or

pollute natural systems.

Compliance Requirements:

Demonstrate that no Asbestos Containing Materials (ACMs) are used within the development.

Demonstrate that where timber is specified to treat external structures where there is frequent and

intimate contact, such as –but not limited to- shading devices, playground equipment and handrails that

no chromate copper arsenate (CCA)-treated.

OR

All thermal insulation materials used in the project have an Ozone Depleting Potential of zero and

replace ‘business as usual’ use of chlorine-based materials including Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC),

Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), Chlorosulfonated polyethylene

(CSPE), and Polychloroprene with more sustainable alternatives for three or more of the following

building product groups (The proportions required are indicated below):

Insulation (80% or more by surface area)

Waterproofing sheets and membranes (50% or more by surface area)

External cladding (90% or more by surface area)

Floor and wall coverings (90% or more by surface area)

Windows and door frames (90% or more by linear length)

Pipes (50% or more by linear length)

Electrical Cables, cable sheathing and Conduits (50% or more by linear length)

Compliance Documentation:

Provide extracts from specifications indicating that no ACMs or CCA-treated timber are to be

used in the project.

Extracts from specifications requiring the use of chlorine free materials/products corresponding

to the chosen initiatives.

Summary sheet listing all uses of insulation in the projects and specifications requiring materials

manufactured without the use of ozone-depleting materials

Credit References:

Pearl Rating System – Abu Dhabi

110

Basis of the Credit:

This credit is intended to improve the occupant and health and also the health of the construction work

force and also improve the environmental impacts of building. The number of health concerns among

construction worker is increasing every year. Reducing harmful chemical in construction materials will

reduce this risk during construction activity, during building occupancy and also during salvaging and

disposal of materials. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated materials causes several skin allergies.

Asbestos is hazardous to health when it is in the form of airborne reparable dust and can cause a

number of diseases. Avoiding their use in building materials will definitely help reduce this risk.

References:

N Sarma (2009), “Occupational allergic contact dermatitis among construction workers in India”, Indian Journal of Dermatology.Vol.54, Issue: 2, pp.137. Toxic Chemicals in Building Materials: An Overview for Health Care Organizations, May 2008, Global Health and Safety Initiative. http://www.healthybuilding.net/healthcare/Toxic%20Chemicals%20in%20Building%20Materials.pdf Isobel Allen, Building Related Illness, Environmental Building Solutions Ltd. http://www.ebssurvey.co.uk/docs/Building%20Related%20Illness.pdf

111

Material & Resources

Prerequisite 4: Construction and Demolition Waste Management Planning

Mandatory

Intent

Reduce construction and demolition waste disposed of in landfills and incineration facilities by

recovering, reusing, and recycling materials.

Compliance Requirements:

Develop and implement a construction and demolition waste management plan:

Establish waste diversion goals for the project by identifying at least five materials (both structural and

nonstructural) targeted for diversion. Approximate a percentage of the overall project waste that these

materials represent.

Plan diversion strategies to separate, comingle the targeted materials. Plan the recycling and disposal

phases for each of these materials.

Compliance Documentation

Submit initial plans on diversion and disposal goals set for waste management.

Provide a final report detailing all major waste streams generated during construction and

demolition activities.

Provide documents which include the disposal and diversion rates for each of the targeted

materials.

Document the waste disposal methods and the provide information of dumping sites to which

the waste is being sent.

Credit References

LEED 4 New Construction

112

Basis of the Credit:

The construction and demolition waste generated in Hyderabad in tons neither gets a proper handling

nor disposal that results in debris piling up at different points of the city. Congested construction sites,

sites in heavily built-up areas with no ability to have an alternate storage or staging location for

materials, lack of ownership of waste due to the presence of multiple contractors on the construction

site and lack of awareness and education among the construction workforce were regarded as major

challenges associated with the implementation of waste minimization practices in India.

Having a proper waste management plan with reduce the short comings stated. This helps in reducing

pollution, saving reusable waste materials and helps in proper disposal of waste material.

References:

Mohammed Arif, Deepthi Bendi, Tahsin Toma-Sabbagh, Monty Sutrisna, (2012) "Construction waste management in India: an exploratory study", Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management, Vol. 12 Issue: 2, pp.133 – 155.

http://urbanindia.nic.in/publicinfo/swm/chap4.pdf, site last visited: 09/30/2013 “Construction debris dumped on city roads.” The Hindu 30 Jun 2008.

http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/30/stories/2008063058420300.htm.

113

Material & Resources

Credit 1: Recycled Material (2-4) Points

Intent

To limit the use of resources and reduce the waste generated.

Compliance Requirements

25% Recycled Content (2 Points)

Use material with 25% recycled content by weight for construction and interiors.

75% Recycled Content (4 Points)

Use material with 75% recycled content by weight for construction and interiors.

Materials should include but not limited to:

Cement plaster

Concrete

Steel

Glass

Some other material (optional)

Wood

Flooring material

Window frames

Compliance Documentation

Provide certificates from manufactures showing the recycled content in all the material as per

the requirement of the credit

Provide the calculations and supporting documentation to meet the requirements of the credit

Credit References

IGBC Green Factory

BEAM Plus New Building

114

Basis of the Credit

India is a country with limited natural resources, which implies that there is an immediate need to

conserve virgin material, and there by conserve the resources that go into the production of such

material. This also helps in decreasing the total waste generated, especially in a city like Hyderabad

where the waste is generated in abundance.

References:

http://www.hmda.gov.in/ebgh/the%20guidelines/images/pdfs/EBRG%20-%20BM%20Gen%201-

Rev%20D%20-%20SK.pdf, last accessed: 09/30/13

Hollow Core Interlocking Blocks, Anangpur Building Center, India

115

Hollow Core Interlocking Blocks, Anangpur Building Center, India

http://www.hmda.gov.in/ebgh/benefits.html, last accessed: 09/30/13

116

http://www.hmda.gov.in/ebgh/benefits.html, last accessed: 09/30/13

http://www.hmda.gov.in/ebgh/the%20guidelines/images/pdfs/EBRG%20-%20BM%20Gen%201-

Rev%20D%20-%20SK.pdf, last accessed: 09/30/13

117

http://www.unescap.org/esd/environment/soe/2000/documents/CH08.PDF, last accessed: 09/28/13

118

Material & Resources

Credit 2: Efficient use of Materials (1-4) Points

Intent

Use modular or prefabricated material in construction to reduce waste generation on site, and overall

waste of resources.

Compliance Requirements

Modular and Standardized Construction (1 Point)

The project should demonstrate the design of construction components in reference to standard factory

made sizes and material. At least 25% of major construction components by weight should be modular

or standardized material to award this credit.

AND/OR

Prefabricated Construction (1 Point)

The project should demonstrate use of factory made construction components. At least 25% of major

construction components by weight should be prefabricated to award this credit.

AND/OR

Construct for Adaptability and Flexibility (2 Points)

The project should design the structure, building layout, electrical, communications, etc, to address the

reusability of the building for changing needs, and to improve flexibility within the space.

Use of construction components such as partition walls that can be disassembled and moved around is

an example.

Construction components include but not limited to:

Slabs

Beams

Columns

Windows

Doors

Ceilings

Partition Walls

Compliance Documentation

Provide design documentation showing the use construction components as per the

requirements of the credit

Provide design drawings

Provide photographs of the components installed on site

Provide the calculations and supporting documentation to meet the requirements of the credit

119

Credit References

BEAM Plus New Building

Basis of the Credit

As seen in earlier credits, the construction waste disposal is really an issue in Hyderabad. Construction

waste is generally disposed into the landfills and lakes. To reduce such a situation and encourage the use

of standardized prefabricated material, a credit like this is needed. Further, many buildings in Hyderabad

cannot be reused or reconfigured for changing needs, hence flexible design needs to be encouraged.

References:

Can this building be occupied by anyone other than National Fisheries?

Making a statement is always good, but the buildings of future should make a statement in terms of

performance and not just aesthetics or form.

http://www.inspirefusion.com/fish_shaped_building_indi/, last accessed: 09/30/13

120

Material & Resources

Credit 3: Reuse of Salvaged Materials (1-2) Points

Intent

Encourage the use of salvaged building materials and products to reduce the demand for virgin

materials thereby minimizing the impacts associated with extraction and processing of virgin materials.

Compliance Requirements:

Ensure at least 2.5% of the total building materials by cost used in the building are salvaged, refurbished

and reused. Points are awarded as below:

Points for Reuse of Salvaged Materials:

1 Credit for more than 2.5% of salvaged materials reused

2 Credits for more than 5% of salvaged materials reused

Compliance Documentation:

Provide bills showing the cost of all construction materials which includes the cost of salvaged,

refurbished and reused materials purchased.

Provide the list of salvaged, refurbished and reused materials used in construction. Provide the

list.

Provide the amounts of materials retrieved from construction activities during the project which

are reused for the project later. Provide estimates for market values of materials.

Provide calculations demonstrating that the project uses the required percentage of salvaged

materials in terms of cost.

Credit References:

IGBC Green Homes, India

Pearl Rating System, Abu Dhabi

121

Basis of the Credit:

Out of 48 million tons of solid waste generated in India, C&D waste makes up 25% annually. Projections

for building material requirement of the housing sector indicate a shortage of aggregates to the extent

of about 55,000 million cubic meters. Recycling of aggregate material from construction and demolition

waste may help reduce the demand-supply gap.

References:

Asokan Pappu, Mohini Saxena, Shyam R. Asolekar, (2007) “Solid wastes generation in India and their recycling potential in building materials”, Building and Environment, Vol.42, Issue: 6, pp.2311-2320.

122

Material & Resources

Credit 4: Building Life-cycle Impact Reduction 3 Points

Intent

Encourage adaptive reuse and optimize the environmental performance of products and materials

Compliance Requirements:

Demonstrate reduced environmental effects during initial project decision-making by demonstrating a

reduction in materials use through life-cycle assessment (LCA). Conduct a life-cycle assessment of the

project’s structure and enclosure that demonstrates a minimum of 10% reduction, compared with a

reference building, in the global warming potential and in at least two of the five impact measures listed

below,

Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, in kg CFC-11.

Acidification of land and water sources, in moles H+ or kg SO2.

Eutrophication, in kg nitrogen or kg phosphate;

Formation of tropospheric ozone, in kg NOx or kg ethane.

Depletion of nonrenewable energy resources, in MJ.

The comparative life cycle assessment must be carried out with same service life as that of the reference

building which is same project constructed with normal virgin materials used in general construction

activities. Only single LCA tool must be used throughout the analysis and the assessment process.

Compliance Documentation:

Provide the list of salvaged, reused and refurbished materials used in the construction

activities including the quantities used.

Document the life-cycle assessment study in compliance with ISO-14040:2006 and ISO-

14044:2006.

Document the results and the computational methods followed.

Credit References:

LEED 4 for New Construction

123

Basis of the Credit:

Performing a life cycle impact assessment of the building will show the building’s effect on the

environment. Hence comparing it with the normal/reference will give a solid proof that the building is

environmentally friendly and provides the information of environmental gains of the building due

materials during its life time.

124

Material & Resources

Credit 5: Construction Waste Reduction: (1-2) Points

Intent

Reduce construction and demolition waste disposed of in landfills and incineration facilities by

recovering, reusing, and recycling materials.

Compliance Requirements:

Establish waste diversion goals for the project. Approximate a percentage of the overall project waste

for each of the major materials involved in waste. Avoid at least 50% of the waste generated during

construction from being sent to landfills and incinerators. Calculate percentage either by weight or

volume.

1 Credit for more than 50% waste reduction

2 Credits for more than 75% waste reduction

Compliance Documentation:

Submit initial plans on diversion and disposal goals set for waste management.

Provide a final report detailing all major waste streams generated during construction and

demolition activities.

Provide documents which include the disposal and diversion rates, either by weight or by

volume, for each construction waste materials.

Credit References:

IGBC Green Homes

LEED 4 for New Construction

125

Basis of the Credit:

The construction and demolition waste generated in Hyderabad in tons neither gets a proper handling

nor disposal that results in debris piling up at different points of the city. Congested construction sites,

sites in heavily built-up areas with no ability to have an alternate storage or staging location for

materials, lack of ownership of waste due to the presence of multiple contractors on the construction

site and lack of awareness and education among the construction workforce were regarded as major

challenges associated with the implementation of waste minimization practices in India.

Out of 48 million tons of solid waste generated in India, C&D waste makes up 25% annually. It is

estimated that the construction industry in India generates about 10-12 million tons of waste annually.

References:

Mohammed Arif, Deepthi Bendi, Tahsin Toma-Sabbagh, Monty Sutrisna, (2012) "Construction waste management in India: an exploratory study", Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management, Vol. 12 Issue: 2, pp.133 – 155.

http://urbanindia.nic.in/publicinfo/swm/chap4.pdf, site last visited: 09/30/2013 “Construction debris dumped on city roads.” The Hindu 30 Jun 2008.

http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/30/stories/2008063058420300.htm.

126

Material & Resources

Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Material (1-2) Points

Intent

To encourage the use of rapidly renewable material

Compliance Requirements

10% of total building material by cost (1 Point)

At least 10% of the total material by cost in the project should be rapidly renewable material.

AND/OR

15% of total building material by cost (1 Point)

At least 15% of the total material by cost in the project should be rapidly renewable material.

Examples of rapidly renewable material:

Bamboo

Cork

Corn

Natural Rubber

Soy

Agrifiber products

Compliance Documentation

Provide design documentation showing the use rapidly renewable material

Provide the calculations and supporting documentation to meet the requirements of the credit.

Credit References

IGBC Green Factory

BEAM Plus New Building

127

Basis of the Credit

Similar to what has been discussed in all the credits above.

References:

http://www.bambooisgrass.com/bamboo-worldwide/bamboo-in-india, last accessed: 09/30/13

Andhra Pradesh was once leading producer of Bamboo