mates orals stuff

8/10/2019 mates orals stuff

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Topics and links :Table of Contents :

Chapter 01 : TpublicationsT | admiralty distance tablesT | Tadmiralty list of light and fogsignalsT | Tadmiralty list of notices to marinersT | Tadmiralty list of radio signalsT | Tadmiraltysailing directionsT | Tadmiralty tide tablesT | Tannual summary of admiralty noticesT | Tbridgeprocedures guideT | Tchart catalogueT | Tcode of safe working practicesT | Tcumulative noticesto marinersT | Tguide to port entryT | Tm noticesT | Tmariners handbookT | Tms noticesT |Tms notices indianT | Tnautical almanacT | Tocean passages of the worldT | Tregulation forcarriage of publicationsT | Tships routingT | Ttidal stream atlasesT |Chapter 02 : anchor certificateT | chain cable certificateT | drop test for cast anchorsT | markson anchorsT | test on anchor cablesT | Ttests on anchorsT |Chapter 03 : Tballast water managementT | committee tackling ballast water problemT |Tharmful aquatic organisms in ballast waterT |Chapter 04 : Tbridge equipmentT | TautopilotT | Tdoppler logsT | Techo sounderT |Telectromagnetic logsT | TgpsT | Tgps errors of systemT | Tgps ground segmentT | Tgps

pseudo rangeT | Tgps space segmentT | Tgps user segmentT | Tgps various dilutions ofprecisionT | TlogsT |Chapter 05 : Tbulk carrier codeT |

1.Publications.Descriptions of publications on boardCarriage of nautical publications ;Section APublications which must be carried by sea-going passenger vessels and all othervessels over 300 gross tons.

1. International code of signals.2.

The mariners hand-book.

Section APublications for which only those parts relevant to a vessels voyage and operationmust be carried.

1. merchant shipping notices, marine guidance notes and marine information notes.2. Notices to mariners.3. Lists of radio signals.4. Lists of lights.5. Sailing directions.6. Nautical almanac.

7.

Navigational tables.8. Tide tables.9. Tidal stream atlases.

10. Operating and maintenance instructions for nabvigatiional aids carried.

Ships Routeing:Part A: General, Design Criteria And Symbols.


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Part B: Tss.Part C: Deep Water Routes.Part D: Area To Be Avoided.Part E: Other Routeing Measures.Part F: Associated Rules And Recommendations Of Navigation.

Mariners Handbook: Np 100.Chapter 1: Charts, Navigational Information, Supply Of Charts, Nav Warnings Etc.Chapter 2: Use Of Charts And Other Nav Aids, Fixing Positions On Charts, Light And FogSignals, Buoyage, Echo Sounding Etc.Chapter 3: Operational Information And Regulations.Chapter 4: The Sea.Chapter 5: Meteorology.Chapter 6: Sea - Ice - Icebergs.Chapter 7: Operations In Polar Regions Where Ice Is Prevalent.Chapter 8: Observing And Reporting Hydro Information.

Code Of Safe Working Practices For Merchant Seamen:This Code Provides A Sound Basis Upon Which The Concerned Can Establish And Maintain SafeWorking Conditions On Board Ships At Sea And In Port And Designed to Reduce The Number Of

Accidents.Published For The Maritime And Coastguard Agency Under License From The Controller Of HerMajesties Stationery Office.Contents Being :Section 1: Safety Responsiblities/Shipboard Management.Chpt 1: Risk Assessment.Chpt 2: Health Surveillance.Chpt 3: Safety Officials.Chpt 4: Personal Protective Equipment.Chpt 5: Safety Signs.Chpt 6: Means Of Access And Safe Movement.Chpt 7: Work Equipment.Section 2: Personal Health And Safety.Chpt 8: Safety Induction.Chpt 9: Fire Precautions.Chpt 10: Emergency Procedures.Chpt 11: Security On Board.Chpt 12: Living On Board.Chpt 13: Safe Movement.Chpt 14: Food Preperation And Handling.

Section 3: Work Activities.Chpt 15: Safe Systems Of Work.Chpt 16: Permit To Work Systems.Chpt 17: Entering Enclosed And Confined Spaces.Chpt 18: Boarding Arrangements.Chpt 19: Manual Handling.Chpt 20: Use Of Work Equipment.Chpt 21: Lifting Plant.


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Chpt 22: Mantainence.Chpt 23: Hotwork.Chpt 24: Painting.Chpt 25: Anchoring, Mooring And Towing Operations.Chpt 26: Hatch Covers And Access Lids.Chpt 27: Hazardous Substances.Chpt 28: Use Of Safety Signs.Section 4: Specialist Ships.( Later To Be Published.)Chpt 29: Dry Cargo Ships.Chpt 30: Tankers And Other Ships Carrying Bulk Liquid Cargoes.Chpt 31: Ships Serving Offshore Gas And Oil Installations.Chpt 32: Ro-Ro Ferries.Chpt 33: Port Towage Industry.Section 5: Appendixes

Appendix 1: Standard Specifications Refered To In This Code.Appendix 2: Bibliography.

Bridge Procedures Guide:Published By: International Chamber Of Shipping. Edn Referred To: 1990ForewordPurpose And ScopeReferencesPart A: Guidance For Masters And Watch Keeping OfficersBridge Organisation

1. General2. Passage Plan.3. Safety System - Maintenance And Training.

Passage Planning

1. Responsibility For Passage Planning2. Pilotage And Passage Planning.3. Notes On Passage Planning.4. Parallel Index Plotting.

Duties Of The Officer On Watch

1. General2. Keeping A Good Watch.

10. Main Engines.11. Changing Over The Watch.12. Periodic Checks Of Navigational Equipment.13. Helmsman / Autopilot.14. Navigation In Coastal Waters.15. Restricted Visiblity.16. Calling The Master.


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17. Navigation With Pilot Embarked.18. Watchkeeping Personnel.19. Search And Rescue.20. Helicopter Operations.21. Log Books.22. Bridge And Emergency Checklists.23. Ship At Anchor.24. Ships Draft And Manoeuvering Information.25. Bridge Located Systems / Systems Controls / Monitoring And Operations.

1. Operation And Mantaince Of Navigational Equipment2. General3. Radar And Arpa.4. Steering Gear And Autopilot.5. Gyro And Magnetic Compasses.6. Chronometres.

7.

Echo Sounders.8. Speed And Distance Recorders.9. Electronic Position Fixing Aids.10.Direction Finders.

10. Hydrographic Publications.11. Emergency Navigational Lights And Signal Equipment.12. Radiotelephone.13. Ship Radio Reporting Systems And Requirements.

Annex I: Pilot Card.Annex Ii: Wheelhouse Poster.

Annex Iii: Guidance On Steering Gear Test Routines.Annex Iv: Notice On The Correct Use Of Vhf Channels.Annex V: Required Boarding Arrangements For Pilots.

Part B: Bridge Checklists.

1. Familiarisation With Bridge Equipment.2. Daily Tests And Checks.3. Preparation For Sea.4. Embarkation / Disembarkation Of Pilot.5. Master / Pilot Information Exchange.6. Navigation, Deep-Sea.

7.

Navigation, Coastal Waters / Traffic Seperation Schemes.8. Changing Over The Watch.9. Preparation For Arrival In Port.

10. Anchoring And Anchor Watch.11. Restricted Visibility.12. Navigating In Heavy Weather Or In Tropical Storm Areas.13. Navigating In Ice.


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Part C: Emergency Checklists (Red Pages)

1. Main Engine Failure.2. Steering Failure.3. Gyro Failure / Compass Failure.4.

Bridge Control / Telegraph Failure.5. Imminent Collision / Collision.6. Stranding.7. Fire.8. Flooding.9. boat / Liferaft Stations

10. Man Over Board.11. Search And Rescue.M/S Notices:Contains Essential Information For The Safety Of Merchantr Ships And Seamen. These Notices

Are Guidelines To Surveyors, Marine Supers And Followed By Ship Owners, Masters, ShipBuilders, Classification Societies For Inspection Mantainence And Operation Of Ships.These Notices Are To Be Corrected And Updated Or New Notices Are Issued In The Form OfSuppliments. They Will Be Superceded Or Cancelled.M. Notices- Issued By The British Government. (For A List Of The M Notices Currently InForce..Ms. Notices- Issued By The Indian Government Through The Compilation Of The M.S NoticesFor The Year 98.)Admirality Tide Tables:Volume 1: Np 201 - United Kingdom And Ireland.

Volume 2: Np 202 - European Waters Including Mediteranean Sea.Volume 3: Np 203 - South China Sea And Indian Ocean.Volume 4: Np 204 - Pacific Ocean And Adjacent Seas.On The Back Cover The Map Of The World Showing The Limits Of Each Volume Is Drawn. Each

Volume Is Divided Into Three Parts:Part 1: Primary Ports. Giving Daily Predictions Of Time Of Low And High Waters.Part 2: Data Of Secondary Ports.Part 3: Principle Of Harmonic Constants.Important Definitions:

1. 1. Bore Tide: As A Progressive Wave Enters Shallow Waters Its Speed Decreases. Since TheTrough Is Shallower Than The Crest Retardation Is Greater Resulting In The Steepening Of

Wave Front So In Estuaries Advance Of Trough Is So-Much Retarded That The Crest Of TheRising Tide Overtakes It And Advances Upstream In A Churning Wall Of Water.. Dangerous ForMoored Ships Which Can Surge.

2. 2. Chart Datum: Lowest Astronomical Tide Below Which The Level Of Water Doesnt UsuallyFall.

3. Negative Surges: Fall In Low Water Or Predicted Water Due To Meteorological Reasons.4. Seiches: Occurs In A Confined Body Of Water. A Long Wave Having Crest At One End And

Trough At Other End Of Confined Space.Abrupt Changes In Meteorological Conditions Like


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Passage Of An Intense Depression Or Line Of Squall May Cause Oscillations Of Sea Level, SoThe P0eriod Between Successive Waves Can Be Unpredictable, Few Minutes To Two Hours.

Tidal Stream Atlases:Gives The Tidal Prediction For Every Hour Including Rate And Directions Of The Springs AndNeaps For Each Of The 6 Hours Before And After High Water For A Particular Place.11 Volumes + 3 Extra Volumes Which Cover South East Asia Including Malaca Straits.Admirality List Of Light And Fog Signals:

Consists Of 11 Volumes, A To L Except I . Since I Cannot Be Mistaken For 1. Published Every 15 Months. Corrections For These Books Are Issued Under Section 5 Of The Weekly Notices To Mariners. The Item To Be Corrected Will Have An Asterix Marked Under It Though The Whole Row May

Be Pasted Upon.

Contents:

1. Geographical Range Diagram / Luminous Range Diagram.

On The Horizontal Axis - Nominal Range. On The Vertical Axis - Luminous Range. Within The Quadrant Are Meteorological Visibility Curves.

1. Abbreviations Used.2. Explainations Of Lights.3. Chacteristics Of Lights.4. Oil And Gas Production Installation

World Map Is Drawn On The Cover Indicating The Limits Of Each Volume.

The Format For The Table Of Contents Is:

1. Light Number.2. Location And Name.3. Lat / Long.4. Characteristics And Intensity.5. Elevation In Metres.6. Nominal Range.7. Description Of Structure.8.

Remarks.

Definitions:

1. Geographical Range: It Is The Theoretical Range Considering The Curvature Of The Earth AndThe Refractivity Of The Atmosphere. {2.095 ( Sq Rt Of Ht Of Eye + Sq Rt Ht Of Object)}.

2. The Nominal Range: It Is The Luminous Range When The Met. Visiblity Is 10 Miles.


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Admirality List Of Radio Signals:

8 Volumes Published Annually Except For Volume 4 Which Is Published Every 18 Months. Corrections For These Are Issued Every Week Under Section 6 Of The Weekly Notices To

Mariners.

Alrs. Volume 1: Np - 281; Coast Radio Station, Public Correspondence.

Includes All Frequencies And Classes Of Emmisions. Information About Medical Advice By Radio - Inmarsat. Maritime Satellite Service. G.m.d.s.s. Ship Reporting System. Piracy Reports. Regulations For Use Of Radio In Terminal Waters.

Brief Extract Of Radio Regulations Together With Ass Diagrams.

Part 1: Europe, Africa And Asia (Exclude Phillipines And Indonesia).Part 2: Phillipines, Indonesia, America, Australia, Greenland And Iceland.

Alrs. Volume 2: Np - 282; Radio Navigational Aids

Includes Radio Direction Finding. Radar Beacons. Radio Time Signals. Electronic Position Fixing Systems.

Alrs. Volume 3: Np - 283; Radio Weather Services And Nav Warnings Together With OtherM.S.I. Broadcasts. (Marine Safety Information).Part 1: Europe, Africa And Asia (Exclude Phillipines And Indonesia).Part 2: Phillipines, Indonesia, America, Australia, Greenland And Iceland.

Alrs Volume 4: Np 284 - List Of Meteorological Observation Stations.

This Volume Is Also Available On Floppy.

Alrs Volume 5: Np - 285; Gmdss.Alrs Volume 6: Np - 286; Pilot Services And Port Operations.Includes All The Maritime Radio Procedures Essential To Assist Vessels Requiring Pilots And/OrEntering Ports.Part 1: Europe And Mediterranean.Part 2: Africa, Asia, Australia, America, Greenland And Iceland.

Alrs Volume 8: Np - 288; Satellite Navigation Systems.

Contains All The Information On All Aspects Of Satellite Navigation Systems Including DetailedExplaination And Advise On Various Position Error Sources.


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Nautical Almanac:Published Every Year And It Contains Tabulated Data Of The Entire Year For The Practice Of

Astronomical Navigation At Sea.Function Has Also Been Provided To Use The Almanac Of The Previous Year For TheSubsequent Year In Case The Supply Of The Almanac Has Been Delayed On Board.Admirality Distance Tables: Np - 350Published In Three Volumes:

Volume 1: Np - 350(1) Atlantic Ocean And Connected Seas.Volume 2: Np - 350(2) Indian Ocean And Connected Seas.Volume 3: Np - 350(3) Pacific Ocean And Connected Seas.

These Distances Are Given In Nautical Miles And Are The Shortest Navigable Distance WithoutConcidering The Advantage Of Current And Weather.

Trans Oceanin Distances May Be Found By Concidering A Link Port Or Position Common ToBoth These Oceans.

Ocean Passages Of The World: Np - 136

The Hydrographer Of The Navy Publishes It. It Is Used In Planning Deep Sea Voyages. Contains Notes On Meteorological Factors Affecting The Passage. Guides A Mariner To Follow The Best Passage In A Particular Month Through A Particular

Stretch. It Is A Unique Admirality Publication, In Which Sailing Vessels Are Dealt With Seperately. In Passage Planning Both The Asd. And Opw. Are Valuable Publications To Refer To.

While Asd. Is Generally Required For Coastal Navigation The Opw. Is Required For OceanNavigation. It Is Divided Into 4 Parts:

Part 1: Power Driven Vessels, Chapter 1 To 8.Part 2: Sailing Vessels, Chapter 9 To 11.Part 3: A Comprehensive General Index.Part 4: Charts And Diagrams.

The Book Gives A Number Of Illustrative Charts And Diagrams Showing Principal RoutesBetween Key Places To Guide A Mariner In General.

Additionally Following Charts Are Found.

1. World Climatic Charts. (Jan. - July.)2. Tracks Followed By Sailing And Auxillary Powered Vessels.3. World Ocean Currents.4. Loadline Rules, Zones, Areas And Seasonal Periods.

O.p.w Is Kept Upto-date By A Periodical Suppliment.


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Chart Catalogue: Np - 131Published By The Hydrographer Of The Navy Every Year. It Consists Of 37 Sections, WhichGives The Date Of Publication, Date Of Current Edition, Coverage Area Of A Publication,Diagrammatic Index Of Coverage And Titles Of Various Charts And Publications.It Also Gives The Details Of The Agent From Whom To Procure Them With The Price Of EachItem.Some Of The Important Contents Are Listed Below:

1. General Information.2. List Of Admirality Charts And Agents.3. Numerical List Of Charts And Publications.4. Limits Of Chart Index.5. Limits Of Small Scale Charts.6. List Of Chain Details Of Decca - Loran Charts.7. Wall And Outline Charts.8. Routeing Charts.

9.

Fisheries Charts.

10. List Of Admirality Sailing Directions.Guide To Port Entry:

The Guide To Port Entry Is Published In Two Volumes Covering The Ports Of The Entire WorldUsing A Variety Of Informations Regarding Various Aspects Of Ports.

The Information Provided Is Thoroghly Professional And Is Of Great Value Not Only To ShipMasters But Also To Charterers, Owners And To Various Parties Connected Shipping.

Each Volume Is Further Divided Into Two Parts:

1.

Description Of The Port Is Given In A Very Systematic Way.2. Yellow Pages Giving Plans And Mooring Diagrammes Of Various Ports Which May Be Useful ToThe Ships Officers.

The Contents Can Be Classified As Follows:

1. Port Limits.2. Documents.3. Pilotage.4. Health.5. Police And Ambulance.6. Services.

7.

Emergency.8. Banks.9. Currency.

10. Seamans Clubs.11. Developments.12. Ships Masters Reports.13. Authority And Quarintine Agents.


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Section 4: Corrections To Sailing Directions.Section 5: List Of Lights And Fog Signals.Section 6: Correction To Alrs.

Additionally Towards The End We Have Blocks Notes And Reporting Forms To TheHydrographer (Forms-H102/H102a).Indian Notices To Mariners:Published Every Fortnight By The Hydrographer Of The Navy - Dehradun.Section I: Index To Charts Affected.Section Ii: Permanent Notices.Section Iii: Temperary And Preleminary Notices To Mariners.

A List Of Those T/P Notices Enforced Is Ublished Quarterly And Text Republished In AnnualEdition Of Indian Notices To Mariners.Section Iv: Marine Information.Section V: Radio Nav. Warnings (Only Nav. Area 8).Section Vi: Corrections To Asd.Section Vii: Corrections To Admirality List Of Lights And Fog Signals.Section Viii: Corrections To Admirality List Of Radio Signals.

Annual Summary Of Admirality Notices To Mariners:Index of 2002 annual notices.

1. Admiralty tide tables, 2002addenda and corrigenda.2. Suppliers of admiralty charts and publications.3. Safety of british merchant ships in crisis, conflict and war.4. Distress and rescue at seaships and aircraft.5. Firing practice and exercise areas.6. Former mine danger areas; swept routes and instructions regarding explosives picked up at

sea.7. United ki ngdom and russian federationagreement on the prevention of incidents at sea

beyond territorial watersimplication for non military ships.8.

Information concerning submarines.9. Hydrographic information ; policy for the promulgation and selection of safety critical

information for charts.

10. Minelaying and mine countermeasures exercises.11. Meteorological and oceanographic data buoys.12. National claims to maritime jurisdiction.13. World wide navigational warning service and world meteorological organization.14. Availability of notices to mariners.15. Under keel allowance.15a.Negative storm surges.

16. Protection of historic and dangerous wreck sites.17. Traffic separation schemes.17a.Ship reporting systemsautomatic ship identification and reporting system (AIRS).18. Carriage of nautical publications.19. Satellite navigation system positions and British admiralty charts.20. Protection of offshore installations.21. Canadian charts and publications regulations.22. U.s. navigation safety regulations relating to navigation, charts and publications.


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23. High speed craft.24. Submarine cables and pipelinesavoidance of and associated dangers.

Cumulative Notices To Mariners.

Published Every 6 Months (January To July). Contains Notices Affecting The Different Charts With The Weekly Notice Number Adjoining It

For The Previous Two Years.

2.Anchor Certificate.Tests On Anchors

All Anchors Over 168 Lb ( 76 Kg )In Weight Must Be Tested & Issued With A Test TestCertificate. The Weight Of Any Anchor For The Purpose Of The Rules & Regulations Governing

Anchors & Cables Shall:

1. For Stockless AnchorsInclude The Weight Of The Anchor Together With Its Shackle If Any.2. For Stocked Anchors The Weight Of The Anchor Including Its Shackle, If Any, But Excluding

The Stock.

Drop Test ( Cast Anchors )Any Part Of An Anchor Over 15 CwtIs Subjected To A Percussion Test By Being Dropped BothEnd On & Side On From A Height Of 12 Feet On To An Iron Or Steel Slab. After That, The PieceMust Be Slung & Hammered All Over By A 7 LbSledgehammer. A Clear Ring Must Be ProducedTo Show That No Flaw Has Developed During The Percussion Test.

The Bending Test ( Cast Anchors ).An Additional Piece Of Metal, 8 In. Long, Is Cast With The Piece To Be Tested, & Is Cut AwayFor The Purpose Of The Bending Test. This Piece Will Be Turned Down To 1 In. Dia, & BentCold By Hammering Through An Angle Of 90oOver A Radius Of 1.5 In. The Casting Will BeDeemed Sufficiently Ductile If No Fracture Appears In The Metal.

All Anchors Are Subject To Proof Strain, & Subsequent Proof Load, But Only Cast Steel AnchorsAre Will Be Subjected To Percussion, Hammering & Bending Tests. Wrought Iron, Or ForgedSteel Anchors Are Not Subjected To These Tests As They Are Forged From Red Ot Slab ByHammering. All Other Anchors Will Also Be Annealed.Marks On Anchors.Each Anchor Must Carry On The Crown & On The Shank The Makers Name Or Initials, ItsProgressive Number & Its Weight. The Anchor Will Also Bear The Number Of The Certificate,

Together With Letters Indicating The Certifying Authority.Tests On Cables

Anchor Cable Over 12.5 Mm In Diametre Is Accepted For Testing At An Approved TestingEstablishments In Lengths Of 27.5 Mts. ( 1 Shackle Of Cable ). The Manufacturer Will Provide 3

Additional Links For The Purpose Of The Test.These 3 Links Will Be Subjected To A Tensile Breaking Stress, And If This Proves To BeSatisfactory Then The Total Length Of The Cable Will Be Subjected To A Tensile Proof Test, TheTests Being Carried Out On Approved Testing Machines.


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If Two Succesive Links Break, The Cable Is Rejected. Before The Tests On Chain Cable IsCarried Out, The Superviser Will Satisfy Himself That The Quality Of The Material From WhichThe Cable Is Manufactured Meets With The Requirements Of The Anchor And Chain CableRegulations.

After The Tests On The Anchor Is Completed, An Anchor Certificate Will Be Awarded. TheCertificate Will Show The Following:

1. Type Of Anchor.2. Weight (Excluding Stock) In Kgs.3. Weight Of Stock In Kgs.4. Length Of Shank In Mm.5. Length Of Arm In Mm.6. Diametre Of Trend In Mm.7. Proof Load Applied In Tonnes.8. Identification Of Proving House, Official Mark And Government Mark.9. Number Of Test Certificate.

10. Number Of Tensile Test Machine.11. Year Of License.12. Weight Of The Head Of The Anchor.13. Number And Date Of Drop Test.Chain Cable Certificate:

After A Succesful Test On A Chain Cable A Certificate Is Awarded, Stating:

1. Type Of Cable.2. Grade Of Cable.3. Diameter In Mm.4. Total Length In Mts.

5.

Total Weight In Kgs.6. Length Of Link In Mms.7. Breadth Of Link In Mms.8. Tensile Breaking Load Applied In Tonnes.9. Tensile Proof Load Applied In Tonnes.

10. Number And Types Of Accessories Included.The Certificate Issued Shall Also Show:

1. A Serial Number.2. Name Of Certifying Authority.3. Mark Of The Certifying Authority.

4.

Name Of Testing Establishment.5. Mark Of Testing Establishment, If Any.6. Name Of The Superviser Of Tests.

The Certificate Is Signed On Behalf Of The Certifying Authority.

3.


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Ballast water management plan;Harmful Aquatic Organisms In Ballast Water

An Mepc Working Group On Ballast Water Reported Progress In Developing Draft NewRegulations For Ballast Water Management. It Is Intended To Include These In A New AnnexTo Marpol, To Be Adopted At A Conference Provisionally Scheduled For 2000. ImplementationGuidelines For The Proposed Annex Are Also Being Developed, Which Are Expected To BeIncluded In A Code Related To The New Annex.The Proposed New Annex Vii Is Aimed At Addressing The Environmental Damage Caused ByThe Introduction Of Unwanted Aquatic Organisms In Ballast Water, Used To Stabilize Vessels AtSea. Globally, It Is Estimated That About 10 Billion Tonnes Of Ballast Water Is Transferred Each

Year.The Water Taken On Board For Ballasting A Vessel May Contain Aquatic Organisms, IncludingDormant Stages Of Microscopic Toxic Aquatic Plants - Such As Dinoflagellates, Which MayCause Harmful Algal Blooms After Their Release. In Addition, Pathogens Such As The Bacterium

Vibrio Cholerae (Cholera) , Have Been Transported With Ballast Water. As Ships Travel FasterAnd Faster, The Survival Rates Of Species Carried In Ballast Tanks Have Increased. As A Result,Many Introductions Of Non-Indigenous Organisms In New Locations Have Occurred, Often With

Disastrous Consequences For The Local Ecosystem - Which May Include Important Fish StocksOr Rare Species.The Mepc Approved A Questionnaire To Be Sent To Member States To Obtain Information OnCurrent Domestic Laws And Regulations On Ballast Water Management. It Is Intended That TheNew Internationally Binding Regulations Would Avoid A Situation Whereby IndividualGovernments Adopted Their Own Rules To Prevent Contaminated Ballast Water Affecting TheirLocal Ecosystems. Meanwhile, The Mepc Noted The Different Options For Introducing TheProposed Regulations. The New Annex To Marpol, As Originally Proposed, Could Be Adopted Via

A Protocol To Add A New Annex To Marpol 73/78, Or It Could Be Adopted As A New Annex ViaAmendments To Marpol 73/78, A Simpler Process. Another Option Is For A DiplomaticConference To Adopt A New Convention On Ballast Water Management, Under Which TheTerms For Entry Into Force Would Be Determined By The Conference, Instead Of Having ToComply With Existing Entry Into Force Terms Established By Marpol 73/78. The Mepc Agreed ToConsider A Legal Framework For The New Regulations At Its Next Session In November.

This Information Is Sourced From The Net.

More Info From The NetMarine Environment Protection Committee 40PthPSession 18-25 September 1997Committee Tackles Ballast Water ProblemThe Committee Discussed Measures To Deal With The Problem Of Harmful Aquatic OrganismsTransported In Ballast Water And Approved A Draft Assembly Resolution On Guidelines For The

Control And Management Of Ships Ballast Water To Minimize The Transfer Of Harmful AquaticOrganisms And Pathogens, For Submission To The 20PthP Assembly For Adoption.There Has Been Increased Awareness In Recent Years Of The Environmental Damage CausedBy The Introduction Of Unwanted Aquatic Organisms In Ballast Water, Used To Stabilize Vessels

At Sea. Examples Of Introductions Of Non-Indigenous Organisms In New Locations Include TheIntroduction Of The European Zebra Mussel (TDreissena PolymorphaT) In The North AmericanGreat Lakes, Resulting In Expenses Of Billions Of Dollars For Pollution Control And Cleaning OfFouled Underwater Structures And Waterpipes; And The Introduction Of The American Comb


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Jelly (TMnemiopsis LeidyiT) To The Black And Azov Seas, Causing The Near Extinction Of TheAnchovy And Sprat Fisheries.Human Health Has Also Been Badly Affected, With The Transportation Of The Bacterium VibrioCholerae (Cholera) To Latin American Coastal Water, Probably Through Discharges Of BallastWater From Asia, And The Introduction Of The South-East Asian Dinoflagellates Of The GeneraTGymnodiniumTAnd TAlexandriumT, Which Cause Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning, To AustralianWaters.The Draft Guidelines, Which Have Been Drawn Up By A Working Group On Ballast Water, Are

Aimed At Minimizing The Risks Of Introducing Harmful Aquatic Organisms And Pathogens WhileMaintaining Ship Safety. Some States Have Already Introduced Mandatory Management OfBallast Water To Prevent The Introduction Of Exotic Species.Guidelines For Preventing The Introduction Of Unwanted Organisms And Pathogens From ShipsBallast Waters And Sediment Discharges Were Adopted By The Committee In 1991 AndSubsequently As An Assembly Resolution A.774(18), But The Revised Version IncorporatesFurther Recommendations On Tackling The Problem, Including How To Lessen The Chances OfTaking On Board Harmful Organisms Along With Ballast Water.The Recommendations Include Informing Local Agents And/Or Ships Of Areas And Situations

Where Uptake Of Ballast Water Should Be Minimized, Such As Areas With Known Populations OfHarmful Pathogens Or Areas Near To Sewage Outlets. Ships Should Operate PrecautionaryPractices, Through Avoiding Loading Ballast Water In Very Shallow Water Or In Areas WherePropellers May Stir Up Sediment. Unnecessary Discharge Of Ballast Water Should Also Be

Avoided.Procedures For Dealing With Ballast Water Include Exchange Of Ballast Water At Sea AndDischarge To Reception Facilities, While The Guidelines Note That In The Future TreatmentUsing Heat Or Ultraviolet Light Could Become Acceptable To Port States.Imos Maritime Safety Committee (Msc) And The Committee Have Already Approved GuidanceOn Safety Aspects Relating To The Exchange Of Ballast Water At Sea, Which OutlinesProcedures For Exchanging Ballast Water And Point Out Safety Issues Which Need To BeConsidered, Such As Avoidance Of Over And Under Pressurization Of Ballast Tanks And TheNeed To Be Aware Of Weather Conditions.The Committee Approved A Programme Of Work For The Ballast Water Working Group, WhichIncludes Developing Draft Regulations On Ballast Water Management To Be Adopted As An

Annex To Marpol At A Conference Of Parties To The International Convention For ThePrevention Of Pollution From Ships, 1973, As Modified By The Protocol Of 1978 (Marpol 73/78),The Main International Convention Dealing With The Prevention Of Pollution From Ships. TheConference Is Scheduled To Be Held In The Year 2000.

4.Bridge Equipment

Autopilot.

This Instrument Is Not To Replace The Helmsman. It Is Not To Be Used In Restricted Waters Or During Manoeuvring. Not To Be Used For Large Alterations Of More Than 10 Degrees. Autopilot Will Operate Efficiently Over A Certain Speed (Approx. > 5 Knots), Below Which It

Will Start To Wander.


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Dangers

The Auto Pilot Gives Rudder According To The Gyro Heading. If The Gyro Fails The Autopilot Will Still Keep The Gyro Course & Wander With The Gyro. Gyro Alarm To Be Taken Seriously Or The V/L Will Collide If There Are Sudden Alterations.

Off Course Alarm

It Is Fitted On The Autopilot Usually Set For 5 Or 10 Dgrees. If Difference Between ActualCourse & Course Set By Officer For Autopilot Is More Than Value Set For Alarm, It Will Sound.

This Alarm Will Not Sound In Case Of Gyro Failure. Only Indication In This Case Is A Gyro Failure Alarm. Gyro Compass & Repeaters To Compared

Frequently Along With Magnetic Compass.

Controls

Permanent Helm: To Be Used Only If A Constant Influence, Like Cross Wind Or Beam Sea IsExperienced. If There Is A Very Strong Beam Wind From Starboard Side Then A Permanent 5Degrees Starboard Helm May Be Set.

Rudder: This Setting Determines The Rudder To Be Given For Each Degree Of Course Drifted.Eg. 2 Degrees For Every 1 Degree Off Course.

Counter Rudder: Determines The Amount Of Counter Rudder To Be Given Once V/L HasStarted Swinging Towards Correct Course To Stop Swing. Both Rudder & Counter Rudder ToBe Set After Considering Condition Of V/L (Ballast, Loaded, Etc.). Eg. Laden Condition Full

Ahead, Not Advisable To Go Over 10 Degrees Rudder.

Weather: The Effect Of Weather & Sea Conditions Effectively Counteracted By Use Of ThisControl. This Setting Increases The Dead Band Width. Comes In Handy If V/L Is YawingExcessively.

Steering Modes

Auto / Manual: Allows Userto Select Between Manual Steering & Autopilot. Officer To SteerCorrect Course, Rudder To Be On Midships, Course To Steer Set (Gyro Pointer On LubberLine), Off Course Alarm Set Before Changing Over To Autopilot.

Follow Up: If Rudder Is To Be Put On Starboard 10, Helm Is Put On Starboard 10. When HelmIs On Midship Rudder Will Return To Midship.

Non-Follow Up: If Rudder To Be Put On Starboard 10 Helm Is Turned To Starboard, A FewDegrees Before Starboard 10 The Helm Is Put On Midships, Rudder Then Settles On Starboard10. If Rudder Goes Beyond Starboard 10, Slight Port Helm To Be Given. Rudder Will RemainOn Starboard 10 Even When Helm Is Returned To Midship. To Bring It Back To Midship PortHelm To Be Given.

Bridge Equipment -Echo Sounder.


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Speed Of Sound In Water Is 1500 Mts/Sec.

1. Controls:

Range Switch: To Vary The Range From Lower To Higher.

Scale Selector: Feet, Fathoms & Metresselector For Scale. Fix Marker: This Button When Pressed Will Make The Stylus Mark The Paper. Keeps A Record

Of Event Or Time. Paper Speed Control: To Select Fast Or Slow Speed. Draft Setting: Used To Set Zero Line According To The Draft Of The Vessel. Gain Or Sensitivity: To Make The Echoes Darker On The Paper In Case They Appear Weak. Dimmer: Adjust The Illumination Of Light.

2. Errors:

Propagation Error: The Velocity Of Sound Increases When Temperature, Pressure & SalinityIncrease. Due To High Salinity In Red Sea, Depths To Be Increased By 5%.

Aeration: Caused By Bubbles In The Water Due To:

1. V/L Going Astern.2. Moving Rudder Hard Over.3. Air Pockets Left Over By Bad Weather.4. Breaking Water Over Shoal.

Air Bubbles Reflect The Sound Waves Resulting In False Echoes.

Multiple Echoes: In Shallow Waters Echoes May Be Received From The First, Second & ThirdReflections From The Sea Bed. Correct Echo Is The First One, Second & Third To Be Ignored.

Pythagorus Error: This Error Occurs If The V/L Has Two Transducers, One A Transmitter & TheOther A Receiver. Distance Travelled By Sound Is More Than Actual Depth Of Water BelowKeel. More Pronounced In Shallow Waters.

False Bottom Echoes: This Occurs In Deep Waters When An Echo May Be Received After TheStylus Has Completed One Rotation & Begun Another.

Bridge Equipment-G.P.S.Space Segment:

Satellites Are To Be Operated In 6 Orbital Planes In Very High Orbits, Approximately 20,200Kms Above The Earths Surface.

Four Satellites Are Located In Each Plane Having One Spare In Every Alternate Orbit. TheConfiguration Being 21+3 Satellites. The Orbital Planes Are Inclined At 55 Degs To TheEquator.

The Orbital Period Of These Satellites Is Just Under 718 Minutes Resulting In The SatellitesPassing Over The Same Ground Point Each Day, Excepting The Fact That They Are FourMinutes Earlier (Give Or Take 1.7 Secs).


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The Orbit Design Was Developed To Guarantee That Atleast Four Satelites Are Alkways In ViewAt Every Point On The Earths Surface 24 Hours A Day.

Ground Segment:

The Ground Or Control Segment Refers To The Ground Based Element Of A Gps System WhichManages The Performance Of The Satellites This Is Through Orbital Tracking, Clock Monitoring And Therefore Fundamentally Is

Responsible For The Daily Control Of The System. The Control Segment Of The Navstar System Consists Of Three Main Types Of Operational

Facilities. The Master Control Station Situated At Colorado Springs Is Responsible For Overall Satellite

Control, Navigation Performance Estimation And Ephemeris Production. Four Further Sites At Hawaii, Ascension Islands, Diego Garcia And Kwajalein Alongside The

Master Are Operated As Monitor Stations For Tracking The Satellites And Collecting Range DataTo Produce Information For Ephemeris (Orbit) Modelling.

Uplink Antennas To Transmit Navigation Data And Commands To The Satellites Have Also Be

Hoisted From Such Stations. The Uplink Frequency Is Centered On 1783.74 Mhz, With Downlink Frequency Of 2227.5 Mhz.

User Segment:

The User Segment Mainly Consists Of The Gps Antenna And Receiver, Additional FeaturesHowever Would Include A Differential Gps Antenna And Various Interfaces Into Systems.

From Noise To Signal:The First Task For The Gps Receiver Is To Get Enough Signals From TheSatellite Transmissions Into The Receiver Itself.

It Is Usually Achieved With A Pre-Amplifier/Head Amplifier In The Antenna Unit To Boost TheSignal Before Sending It Down The Cable.

Antennas Are Designad To Receive All Signals Within The Relevant Band.The Gps Signals AreVery Weak And Indistinguishable From The Background Noise At First And Second Glance. These Signals Are Also Spread Over A 20 Mhz Band-Width Centered Around The L1 Frequency

Of 1575.42 Mhz. This Has The Same Effect As Transmitting A Much More Powerful Signal AndAlso Allows Much More Information To Be Incorporated Into The Transmissions.

From Signal To Numbers:Most Signal Processing Tasks Are Now Undertaken In Micro-Processors, But To Allow This The Signal Must Be Converted From Analogue To Digital Form.

From Numbers To Code:The Gps Receiver Will Now Have At This Point The Ability To SampleThe Substantially Altered Frequency Of The Satellites. The Primary Task Of The Receivers Is ToMeasure Ranges To The Satellites.This Is Achieved By Attempting To Identify The CodeTransmissions Superimposed On To The Signals.

Each Satellite Transmits A Unique Code, Or Technique Known As Code Division Multiple Access.

To Identify The Code The Receiver Has To Produce An Exact Replica Of The Satellite CodeSequence And To Mach The Two Together.

From Numbers To Phase:To Make Use Of This Code Information To Produce Ranges And ThusPosition The Receiver, Also Needs Another Set Of Information, The Satellite Ephemeris.

The Ephemeris Being Modulated Over The Carrier Frequency And Needs Also To Be Extracted. From Measurement To Position:Once The Receiver Has Produced The Necessary Information

In Terms Of Measured Pseudo Range And Navigation Data, This Is Then Poassed To A


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Dedicated Microprocessor Dealing With The Position Computation And, Usually, The UserInterface As Well.

The Pseudo- Range:The Pseudo- Range Is A Measure Of Distance From The Receiver To The Satellite, UsuallyExpressed In Mts.The Term Pseudo Is Used Because The Range Is Contaminated. For Time To Be AccuratelyMeasured Between The Two Sites The Clocks Must Be Accurately Synchronised. The ClocksBetween The Satellites Are Synchronised, So The Ranges Measured Between Them Would

Actuallyu Be True Ranges. But The Receiver Clock Is Not Synchronised To The Satellites WhichGives An Error Which Can Be Resolved Mathematically, Hence The Term Pseudo-Range.The Pseudo-Range Cannot Be Converted To A True Range Without Other Sets Of Information,Namely Ranges To Three Other Satellites And Accurate Knowledge Of All The SatellitesPositions In Space ( And Time )Computation Of Position:The Ability To Measure Pseudo Range And Knowledge Of The Satellites Position At All Times,The Gps Receiver Now Has Enough Information To Calculate A Position.

For Every Computation Of Position There Are, Then Four Unknowns Called X,Y,Z And T (ForTime). But By This Point The Receiver Has Also Managed To Acquire A Whole Series Of KnownsNamely, Pseudo Ranges To The Satellites And The Position Of Those Satellites. As Long As TheReceiver Can Measure As Many Ranges To The Satellites As There Are Unknowns Then PositionCan Be Calculated Quite Simply Through A Series Of Four Simultaneous Equations.This Is A Mathematical Technique That Uses A Combination Of Known Quantities To Calculate ACombination Of Unknown Quantities, But It Does Require Symmetry In Its Equation Forms-Basically The Same Number Or More Knowns To Unknowns.The Dilution Of Precision:This Is One Of The Primary Quality Control Indicators Available To The User Of The GpsReceiver. It Indicates The Geometrical Relationship Of The Satellites.The Dilution Of Precision Was The Mechanism Userd By The Gps System Planners To IdentifyThe Best Orbit Geometry Of The Satellites To Provide The Best User Geometries.On Its Own The Dop Figure Is Only A Qualitative Figure With The Prescribed Numbers NotBeing Of Any Specific Units. The Most Complete Dop Is The Geometric Dilution Of Precision(Gdop). This Is The Factor Used To Design The Orbital Arrangement Of The Satellites. GdopBrings Together The Four Unknowns Of The System.The Most Frequently Used Dops Are Pdop ( Position Dilution Of Precision) And Hdop (Horizontal Dilution Of Precision). Pdop Is Used By Those Interested In Three DimentionalPositioning (Lat/Long/Ht). Hdop Is For Two- Dimensional Positioning. For Most Purposes HdopIs Used By The Marine Community.Dop Figures Are Actually Used By A Navigator In The Following Way. If A Composite Pseudo-Range Measurement Error Of 10 Mts. (95% Probability) Is Assumed For The System, Then By

Multiplying This Figure By The Relevent Dop Value, Eg. 3.0, Gives An Overall Position AccuracyOf 30 Mts. Dop Figures Are Therefore Only Relative Numbers, With Smaller Dops Giving Better

Accuracies.The Final Constellation Is Designed To Guarantee Pdop Figures Of Better Than 12.0 All OverThe Earths Surface, Though Figures Of Better Than 7.0 Are To Be Generally Expected. ForMarine Applications Hdop Figures Are More Useful & The Design Figure Of 3.0 Is To BeExpected For The Majority Of Coverage.Errors Of The System.


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1. Gdop - If The Configuration Of The Available Satellites Is Not Suitable, Accuracy Of The Fix IsAffected.

2. Ionospheric & Tropospheric Delays Of Signals - While Ultra High Frequencies Are Used ForTransmission, Yet The Ionosphere & Troposphere Refract The Signals Causing Delays WhichLead To Inaccuracy Of Positions. These Errors Can Be Reasonably Predicted & Are Fed Into AMathematical Model Built Into The Software Of The Receiver.

3.

Satellite Clock Error - Any Errors In The Clocks On Board The Satellites Will Lead To Errors InTime Measurement.

4. User Clock Error - Same As Above. This Is Eliminated By Using An Extra Satellite Equation5. Deviation Of Satellites From Their Predicted Orbits - Since The Position Of The Satellites Needs

To Be Known Very Accurately, It Is Obvious That If The Satellite Deviates From Its Orbit, ForAny Reason, Then Inaccuracy In Fixes Will Result.

6. Receiver Errors - These Are Small & Are Caused Due To Internal Noise, Computational Errors,Etc.

The Dilution Of Precision.

GdopGeometric Dilution Of Precision Integrates

X,Y,Z, And Time.PdopPosition Dilution Of Precision Integrates

X,Y,Z, Three Dimentional Positions.HdopHorizontal Dilution Of Precision. Two

Dimentional Marine Positioning.EdopEasting Dilution Of PrecisionNdopNorthing Dilution Of Precision, X And Y

Positioning Seperated.TdopTime Dilution Of Precision For Time Transfer

Users.The Satellite Geometry Is Presented To The User By A Factor Known As The Dilution OfPrecision. These Figures Are Used To Assess The Potential Positioning Quality Of A CertainSatellite Constellation And To Help Provide Realistic Quality Control Information. The ProcedureUsed To Define These Values Is Quite Complicated, But It Relates The Difference In ThreeDimentions Of The User To All The Concidered Satellites In A Geometrical Sense.


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The Resultant Dop Figure Then Suggests The Amplification Of Pseudo-Range MeasurementError Into User Positioning Error. Differen Dops Are Used Depending On The Type Of PositionCalculated. Hdop For A Two Dimentional Fix And Pdop For A Three Dimentional Fix.The Dop Figures Are Used By The Navigator In The Following Way. If A Composite Pseudo-Range Measurement Error Of 10 Metres (95% Probablity) Is Assumed For The System, ThenMultiplying This Figure By The Relevant Dop Value, Eg. 3.0, Gives An Overall Positioning

Accuracy Of Thirty Metres. Dop Figures Are Therefore Only Relative Numbers, With SmallerDops Giving Better Accuracy. The Probablity Figures Detailed In The Circular Brackets AreIndications Of The Confidence In The Position Accuracy.Bridge Equipment - LogsElectromagnetic Log:In A Magnetic Field Created By A Solenoid, The Magnetic Flux Lines Extend Out In The Water.Salt Water Being A Conductor Flowing Past The Solenoid Creates An Emf. This Is Picked Up By

A Sensor & A Pre-Calibrated Voltmetre.The Voltage Induced Is Proportional To The Speed Of The Water.Doppler Effect:The Doppler Frequency Shift Is The Difference Between The Received Frequency Which Can Be

Measured & The Transmitted Frequency Which Is Known.

There Are 2 Types Of Logs;

1. Continuous Wave (Cw) &2. Pulse Type.

The Pulse Type Is Better Than The Cw. Type Because There Is A Signal Leakage From TheTransmitter To The Reeciver Which Interferes With The Received Signal (Feedback).

It Uses A Higher Frequency Than The Echo Sounder As The Smaller Wavelength Makes A

Concentrated Beam Possible Hence, Less Loss Of Energy To Water, Stronger Echoes & SmallerArea Of Transducer Required. Also Diffused Reflection Is Acquired By The High FrequencyWhich Is Neccesary Because Of Oblique Incidence Of The Transmitted Pulse.

5.Bulk Carrier CodeIntroduction:Section 1: Definitions: Eg:

Angle Of Repose: Maximum Slope Or Angle Of Non Cohesive Granular Material / Angle BetweenThe Horizontal Plane & Cone Slope Of The Material.

Flow State: State Where Mass Of Granular Material Is Saturated With Liquid To An Extent ThatUnder The Influence Of External Forces Like Vibration Or Impaction Due To Ships Motion ItLooses Its Internal Shear Strength.Chapter 2: General Precautions:

To Prevent Overstressing Of The Structure.


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Hi Density Cargo Is Cargo With Sf 0.56 M^3/T Or Lower. (Gen. Cargo Generally Designed ToCarry Between 1.39-1.67 M^3/T.

In Case Detailed Info Not Available B.C.C. Provides

Precautions:

1. General Fore & Aft Distribution Should Not Differ From That Found Satis. For General Cargo.2. Max. No. Of Tonnes Loaded In Any Cargo Space Should Not Exceed 0.9lbd Tonnes ( L=Length

Of Hold In Mtrs, B=Average Breadth In Mtrs, D=Summer Draft)3. Where Material Is Trimmed Or Only Partially Trimmed Ht Of Pile Peak Above The Cargo Floor

Should Not Exceed 1.1d X Sf4. If The Material Is Trimmed Entirely Level, The Max No. Of Tonnesof Material Loaded In Lower

Hold May Be Incld By 20% Over The Amount Calculated By Formula, Provided Complying With5. Shaft Tunnel Has A Stifferning Effect, The Spaces Aft Of The E/R May Be Loaded 10% In

Excess, But Complying With

Section 3: Safety Of Personnel & Ship.Section 4: Assesment & Acceptability Of Consignements For Safe Shipment.Gives A List Of Sub Samples To Be Taken Eg: Consignements Less Than 15000t, One 200gSubsample For Each 125t.Section 5: Trimming Procedures.For Trimming Purposes Bulk Cargo Can Be Categorised As Cohesive & Non Cohesive As DefndIn Appendix B & C.Section 6: Methods For Determining Angle Of Repose.

1. Tilting Box Method.

2.

Shipboard Method.

Described In Appendix D.Section 7: Cargoes Which May Liquify.Section 8: Cargoes Which May Liquify, Test Procedure.Spot Test: Half Fill A Can (0.5-1 Ltr Cap.) With A Sample, Take Can In Hand & Strike AgainstHard Surface Atleast 25 Times From A Ht Of 25m Atleast, At 2 Sec Intervals. If Fluid Condition

Appears Send For Addnl Lab Tests.Section 9: Materials Possesing Chemical Hazard.Section 10: Transport Of Solid Wastes In Bulk.Section 11: Stowage Factor Conversion Table.

Appendix A: List Of Bulk Materials Which May Liquify.

Appendix B: Bulk Materials Possessing Chemical Hazards.

IMSBC

The primary aim of the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code, which replacesthe Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes (BC Code), is to facilitate the safe stowage andshipment of solid bulk cargoes by providing information on the dangers associated with the


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shipment of certain types of solid bulk cargoes and instructions on the procedures to beadopted when the shipment of solid bulk cargoes is contemplated. The IMSBC Code, may beapplied from 1 January 2009 on a voluntary basis, anticipating its envisaged official entry intoforce on 1 January 2011, from which date it will be mandatory under the provision of theSOLAS Convention.

The IMSBC Code and its contentThe format of the IMSBC Code is similar to that of the existing BC Code. Like the BC Code, theIMSBC Code categorises cargoes into three groups - A, B and C:

Group A consist of the cargoes which may liquefy if shipped with moisture content in excess oftheir transportable moisture limit.

Group B consists of cargoes which possess a chemical hazard which could give rise to adangerous situation on a ship.

Group C consists of cargoes which are not liable to liquefy (Group A) and do not possesschemical hazards (Group B).

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL MARITIME SOLID BULK CARGOES (IMSBC) CODETable of ContentsForewordSection 1 General provisions and definitionsSection 2 General loading, carriage and unloading precautionsSection 3 Safety of personnel and shipSection 4 Assessment of acceptability of consignments for safe shipmentSection 5 Trimming proceduresSection 6 Methods of determining angle of reposeSection 7 Cargoes that may liquefySection 8 Test procedures for cargoes that may liquefySection 9 Materials possessing chemical hazardsSection 10 Carriage of solid bulk wastesSection 11 Security provisionsSection 12 Stowage factor conversion tablesSection 13 References

Appendix 1 Individual schedules of solid bulk cargoesAppendix 2 Laboratory test procedures, associated apparatus and standardsAppendix 3 Properties of solid bulk cargoesAppendix 4 Index of solid bulk cargoes

BLU

The resulting Code of Practice for the Safe Loading and Unloading of Bulk Carriers(BLU Code) was approved by the MSC at its sixty-eighth session (June 1997) andadopted by the Assembly at its twentieth session (November 1997) by resolutionA.862(20).

Section 1DefinitionsSection 2


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Suitability of ships and terminalsSection 3Procedures between ship and shore prior to the ships arrivalSection 4Procedures between ship and terminal prior to cargo handlingSection 5Cargo loading and handling of ballastSection 6Unloading cargo and handling of ballast

Appendix 1Recommended contents of port and terminal information books

Appendix 2Loading or unloading plan

Appendix 3Ship/shore safety checklist

Appendix 4Guidelines for completing the ship/shore safety checklist

Appendix 5Form for cargo information

Introduction

1This Code of Practice for the Safe Loading and Unloading of Bulk Carriers has been developedby theInternational Maritime Organization to minimize losses of bulk carriers.

2The purpose of the Code is to assist persons responsible for the safe loading or unloading ofbulk carriersto carry out their functions and to promote the safety of bulk carriers.

3The Code primarily covers the safety of ships loading and unloading solid bulk cargoes,excluding grain,and reflects current issues, best practices and legislative requirements.Broader safety andpollutionissues such as those covered by the SOLAS, MARPOL and Load Line Conventions are not

specificallyincluded in the Code.

4The recommendations in this Code provide guidance to shipowners, masters, shippers,operators of bulk


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carriers, charterers and terminal operators for the safe handling, loading, and unloading of solidbulkcargoes.The recommendations are subject to terminal and port requirements, or nationalregulations.Persons responsible for the loading or unloading of bulk carriers should also be aware of suchregulationsand requirements.

5Masters and terminals loading and unloading solid bulk cargoes possessing chemical hazardsshould alsorefer to SOLAS chapters II-2 and VII and to MSC/Circ.675 (Recommendations on theSafe Transport ofDangerous Cargoes and Related Activities in Port Areas).

6The requirements of individual terminals and port authorities should be published in terminaland portinformation books.The type of information usually given in these books is listed inappendix 1.Thebooks should be given to the masters of ships where possible before or on

arrival at a port or terminal.

7It is recommended that a copy of this Code be made available to every ship, charterer and bulkloading orunloading terminal so that advice on operational procedures is readily available and respectiveresponsibilities are identified.

IMDGThe two-volume Code is divided into seven parts:

Volume 1 (parts 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Code) contains sections on:- general provisions, definitions, training- classification- packing and tank provisions- consignment procedures- construction and testing of packagings, IBCs, large packagings, portable tanks, MEGCs androad tank vehicles- transport operations.

Volume 2 contains part 3 (Dangerous Goods List, special provisions and exceptions), appendix A

(generic and N.O.S. Proper Shipping Names), appendix B (Glossary of terms) and an index.

Guidelines for preparation of the cargo securing manual

To comply with regulations VI/5 and VII/6 of the SOLAS Convention, the loading, stowage andsecuring of cargo units and cargo transport units on board all cargo-carrying vessels other thanthose that carry solid or liquid bulk cargoes must be in accordance with the instructions in aCargo Securing Manual that has been approved by the appropriate Administration and drawn up


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to a standard at least equivalent to the guidelines adopted by IMO. The Guidelines for thePreparation of the Cargo Securing Manual were originally issued as MSC/Circ. 745 (dated 13June 1996). This was based on, but superseded, MSC/Circ. 385 (8 January 1985), having beenexpanded to include applications explicit to ships equipped/adapted for the carriage of freightcontainers, taking into account the provisions of the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowageand Securing, as amended

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL1.1 DEFINITIONS1.2 GENERAL INFORMATION

CHAPTER 2 SECURING DEVICES AND ARRANGEMENTS2.1 SPECIFICATION FOR FIXED CARGO-SECURING DEVICES2.2 SPECIFICATION FOR PORTABLE CARGO-SECURING DEVICES2.3 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEMES

CHAPTER 3 STOWAGE AND SECURING OF CONTAINERS AND OTHER STANDARDIZED

CARGO3.1 HANDLING AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS3.2 EVALUATION OF FORCES ACTING ON CARGO UNITS

3.3 APPLICATION OF PORTABLE SECURING DEVICES ON VARIOUS CARGO UNITS,VEHICLES AND STOWAGE BLOCKS3.4 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS FOR RO-RO SHIPS3.5 BULK CARRIERS

CHAPTER 4 STOWAGE AND SECURING OF CONTAINERS AND OTHER STANDARDIZEDCARGO

4.1 HANDLING AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS4.2 STOWAGE AND SECURING INSTRUCTIONS4.3 OTHER ALLOWABLE STOWAGE PATTERNS4.4 FORCES ACTING ON CARGO UNIT

Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972,as amended

content:

International Regulations for Preventing Collisionsat Sea, 1972, as amendedPart AGeneral

Part BSteering and sailing rulesPart CLights and shapesPart DSound and light signalsPart EExemptions

Annex IPositioning and technical details of lights and shapesAnnex II Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximityAnnex IIITechnical details of sound signal appliancesAnnex IVDistress signals


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CSS CODE :Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing

The Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing was adopted by theAssembly of IMO at its seventeenth regular session (November 1991) by resolutionA.714(17). The Assembly recommended that Governments implement the Code atthe earliest possible opportunity and requested the MSC to keep it under review andamend it as necessary. This has been done. The first major changes to the Codewere the amendments of MSC/Circ.664, adopted in December 1994, andMSC/Circ.691, adopted in May 1995, which were published as the 1994/1995Amendments to the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing,introducing annex 13, which has been incorporated into this consolidated edition.The present edition also includes amendments to annex 12, on safe stowage andsecuring of unit loads, issued as MSC/Circ.740 in June 1996, and amendmentsadopted by the MSC in May 2002, issued as MSC/Circ.1026, which saw significantchanges in the contents of annex 13. Circular 1026also includes an extension on thescope of application recommending all lashing assemblies to be fixed to strong or

fixed points, a new table on friction coefficients and new texts on an advancedcalculation method and an alternative method on balance of forces. The bookcontains, as appendices, various texts that have been issued by the Organizationand are considered relevant to cargo stowage and securing.

Content:

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL

CHAPTER 2 PRINCIPLES OF SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF CARGOES

CHAPTER 3 STANDARDIZED STOWAGE AND SECURING SYSTEMS

CHAPTER 4 SEMI-STANDARDIZED STOWAGE AND SECURING

CHAPTER 5 NON-STANDARDIZED STOWAGE AND SECURING

CHAPTER 6 ACTIONS WHICH MAY BE TAKEN IN HEAVY WEATHER

CHAPTER 7 ACTIONS WHICH MAY BE TAKEN ONCE CARGO HAS SHIFTED

ANNEX 1 SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING CONTAINERS ON DECK OF SHIPS WHICHARE NOT SPECIALLY DESIGNED AND FITTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF CARRYING CONTAINERS

ANNEX 2 SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF PORTABLE TANKS

ANNEX 3 SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF PORTABLE RECEPTACLES

ANNEX 4 SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF WHEEL-BASED (ROLLING) CARGOES


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ANNEX 5 SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF HEAVY CARGO ITEMS SUCH ASLOCOMOTIVES, TRANSFORMERS, ETC

ANNEX 6 SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF COILED SHEET STEEL

ANNEX 7 SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF HEAVY METAL PRODUCTS

ANNEX 8 SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF ANCHOR CHAINS

ANNEX 9 SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF FLEXIBLE INTERMEDIATE BULKCONTAINERS

ANNEX 10 SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF FLEXIBLE INTERMEDIATE BULKCONTAINERS

ANNEX 11 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR THE UNDER-DECK STOWAGE OF LOGS

ANNEX 12 SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF UNIT LOADS

ANNEX 13 METHODS TO ASSESS THE EFFICIENCY OF SECURING ARRANGEMENTSFOR NON-STANDARDIZED CARGO

RESOLUTION A.714(17) ADOPTED 6 NOVEMBER 1991

APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1 RESOLUTION A.489(XII): SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF CARGOUNITS AND OTHER ENTITIES IN SHIPS OTHER THAN CELLULAR CONTAINERSHIPS (ADOPTED19 NOVEMBER 1981)

APPENDIX 2 MSC/CIRC. 745: GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE CARGOSECURING MANUAL (13 JUNE 1996)

APPENDIX 3 RESOLUTION A.581(14): ELEMENTS TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT WHENCONSIDERING THE SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF CARGO UNITS AND VEHICLES INSHIPS (ADOPTED 17 NOVEMBER 1983)

APPENDIX 4 RESOLUTION A.581(14): GUIDELINES FOR SECURING ARRANGEMENTSFOR THE TRANSPORT OF ROAD VEHICLES ON RO-RO SHIPS (ADOPTED 20 NOVEMBER 1985)

AS AMENDED BY MSC/CIRC. 812 OF 16 JUNE 1997

APPENDIX 5 RESOLUTION A.864(20): RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENTERING ENCLOSEDSPACES ABOARD SHIPS (ADOPTED 27 NOVEMBER 1997)

International Code for Fire Safety Systems (FSS Code) 2007

CHAPTER 1GENERAL


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1Application2 Definitions3 Use of equivalents and modern technology4 Use of toxic extinguishing mediaCHAPTER 2INTERNATIONAL SHORE CONNECTIONS1Application2 Engineering specificationsCHAPTER 3PERSONNEL PROTECTION1Application2 Engineering specificationsCHAPTER 4FIRE EXTINGUISHERS1Application2 Type approval3 Engineering specificationsCHAPTER 5FIXED GAS FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS1Application2Engineering specifications

CHAPTER 6 - FIXED FOAM FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS1Application2 Engineering specificationsCHAPTER 7FIXED PRESSURE WATER-SPRAYING AND WATER-MIST FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS1Application2Engineering specificationCHAPTER 8AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER, FIRE DETECTION AND FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS1Application2 Engineering specificationsCHAPTER 9FIXED FIRE DETECTION AND FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS1Application2 Engineering specificationsCHAPTER 10SAMPLE EXTRACTION SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEMS1Application2 Engineering specificationsCHAPTER 11LOW-LOCATION LIGHTING SYSTEMS1Application2 Engineering specificationsCHAPTER 12FIXED EMERGENCY FIRE PUMPS1Application2 Engineering specificationsCHAPTER 13ARRANGEMENT OF MEANS OF ESCAPE

1Application2 Passenger ships3 Cargo shipsCHAPTER 14FIXED DECK FOAM SYSTEMS1Application2 Engineering specificationsCHAPTER 15INERT GAS SYSTEMS1Application


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2 Engineering specifications

IBC CODE :International code for the construction and equipment of ships carryingdangerous chemicals in bulk (IBC Code) 2007 Edition

Chapter 1General1.1 Application1.2 Hazards1.3 Definitions1.4 Equivalents1.5 Surveys and certificationChapter 2Ship survival capability and location of cargo tanks2.1 General2.2 Freeboard and intact stability2.3 Shipside discharges below the freeboard deck2.4 Conditions of loading2.5 Damage assumptions

2.6 Location of cargo tanks2.7 Flooding assumptions2.8 Standard of damage2.9 Survival requirementsChapter 3Ship arrangements3.1 Cargo segregation3.2 Accommodation, service and machinery spaces and control stations3.3 Cargo pump-rooms3.4 Access to spaces in the cargo area3.5 Bilge and ballast arrangements3.6 Pump and pipeline identification3.7 Bow or stern loading and unloading arrangementsChapter 4Cargo containment4.1 Definitions4.2 Tank type requirementsChapter 5Cargo transfer5.1 Piping scantlings5.2 Piping fabrication and joining details5.3 Flange connections5.4 Test requirements for piping5.5 Piping arrangements5.6 Cargo-transfer control systems5.7 Ships cargo hoses

Chapter 6Materials of construction, protective linings and coatingsChapter 7Cargo temperature control7.1 General7.2 Additional requirementsChapter 8Cargo tank venting and gas-freeing arrangements8.1 Application8.2 Cargo tank venting8.3 Types of tank venting systems


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8.4 Venting requirements for individual products8.5 Cargo tank gas-freeingChapter 9Environmental control9.1 General9.2 Environmental control requirements for individual productsChapter 10Electrical Installations10.1 General10.2 Bonding10.3 Electrical requirements for individual productsChapter 11Fire protection and fire extinction11.1 Application11.2 Cargo pump-rooms11.3 Cargo area11.4 Special requirementsChapter 12Mechanical ventilation in the cargo area12.1 Spaces normally entered during cargo-handling operations12.2 Pump-rooms and other enclosed spaces normally entered

12.3 Spaces not normally enteredChapter 13Instrumentation13.1 Gauging13.2 Vapour detectionChapter 14Personnel protection14.1 Protective equipment14.2 Safety equipment14.3 Emergency equipmentChapter 15Special requirements15.1 General15.2 Ammonium nitrate solution (93% or less)15.3 Carbon disulphide15.4 Diethyl ether15.5 Hydrogen peroxide solutions15.6 Motor fuel anti-knock compounds (containing lead alkyls)15.7 Phosphorus, yellow or white15.8 Propylene oxide or ethylene oxide/propylene oxide mixtures with an ethylene oxidecontent of not more than 30% by mass15.9 Sodium chlorate solution (50% or less by mass)15.10 Sulphur (molten)15.11 Acids15.12 Toxic products15.13 Cargoes protected by additives

15.14 Cargoes with a vapour pressure greater than 0.1013 MPa absolute at 37.8C15.15 Cargoes with low ignition temperature and wide flammability range15.16 Cargo contamination15.17 Increased ventilation requirements15.18 Special cargo pump-room requirements15.19 Overflow control15.20 Alkyl C7C9 nitrates, all isomers15.21 Temperature sensors


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Chapter 16Operational requirements16.1 Maximum allowable quantity of cargo per tank16.2 Cargo information16.3 Personnel training16.4 Opening of and entry into cargo tanks16.5 Stowage of cargo samples16.6 Cargoes not to be exposed to excessive heatChapter 17Summary of minimum requirementsChapter 18List of products to which the Code does not applyChapter 19Index of Products Carried in BulkChapter 20Transport of liquid chemical wastes20.1 Preamble20.2 Definitions20.3 Applicability20.4 Permitted shipments20.5 Documentation20.6 Classification of liquid chemical wastes

20.7 Carriage and handling of liquid chemical wastesChapter 21Criteria for assigning carriage requirements for products subject to theIBC Code21.1 Introduction21.2 Contents21.3 Minimum safety and pollution criteria for products subject to chapter 17 of the IBC Code21.4 Criteria used to assign the minimum carriage requirements for products which meet theminimum safety or pollution criteria to make them subject to chapter 17 of the IBC Code21.5 Criteria for special requirements in chapter 15 to be included in column o21.6 Criteria for special requirements in chapter 16 to be included in column o21.7 DefinitionsAppendixModel form of International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage ofDangerous Chemicals in Bulk

IGC CODE: International Code For The Construction And Equipment Of ShipsCarrying Liquefied Gases In Bulk (IGC Code)

CONTENT:

Chapter 1General1.1 Application

1.2 Hazards1.3 Definitions1.4 Equivalents1.5 Surveys and certificationChapter 2Ship survival capability and location of cargo tanks2.1 General2.2 Freeboard and intact stability2.3 Shipside discharges below the freeboard deck


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2.4 Conditions of loading2.5 Damage assumptions2.6 Location of cargo tanks2.7 Flooding assumptions2.8 Standard of damageChapter 3Ship arrangements3.1 Segregation of the cargo area3.2 Accommodation, service and machinery spaces and control stations3.3 Cargo pump-rooms and cargo compressor rooms3.4 Cargo control rooms3.5 Access to spaces in the cargo area3.6 Airlocks3.7 Bilge, ballast and fuel oil arrangements3.8 Bow or stern loading and unloading arrangementsChapter 4Cargo containment4.1 General4.2 Definitions

4.3 Design loads4.4 Structural analyses4.5 Allowable stresses and corrosion allowances4.6 Supports4.7 Secondary barrier4.8 Insulation4.9 Materials4.10 Construction and testing4.11 Stress relieving for type C independent tanks4.12 Guidance formulae for acceleration components4.13 Stress categoriesChapter 5 Process pressure vessels and liquid vapour and pressure piping systems5.1 General5.2 Cargo and process piping5.3 Type tests on piping components5.4 Piping fabrication and joining details5.5 Testing of piping5.6 Cargo system valving requirements5.7 Ships cargo hoses5.8 Cargo transfer methods5.9 Vapour return connectionsChapter 6Materials of construction6.1 General

6.2 Material requirements6.3 Welding and non-destructive testingChapter 7Caro pressure/Temperature control7.1 General7.2 Refrigeration systemsChapter 8Cargo tank vent systems8.1 General8.2 Pressure relief systems


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8.3 Additional pressure relieving system for liquid8.4 Vacuum protection systems8.5 Size of valvesChapter 9Environmental control9.1 Environmental control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems9.2 Environmental control within the hold spaces (cargo containment systems other than type Cindependent tanks)9.3 Environmental control of spaces surrounding type C independent tanks9.4 Inerting9.5 Inert gas production on boardChapter 10Electrical Installations10.1 General10.2 Types of equipmentChapter 11Fire protection and fire extinction11.1 Fire safety requirements11.2 Fire water main equipment11.3 Water-spray system

11.4 Dry chemical powder fire-extinguishing systems11.5 Cargo compressor and pump-rooms11.6 Firemans outfitsChapter 12 Mechanical ventilation in the cargo area12.1 Spaces required to be entered during normal cargo handling operations12.2 Spaces not normally enteredChapter 13Instrumentation (gauging, gas detection)13.1 General13.2 Level indicators for cargo tanks13.3 Overflow control13.4 Pressure gauges13.5 Temperature indicating devices13.6 Gas detection requirementsChapter 14Personnel protection14.1 Protective equipment14.2 Safety equipment14.3 First-aid equipment14.4 Personnel protection requirements for individual productsChapter 15Filling limits for cargo tanks15.1 General15.2 Information to be provided to the masterChapter 16Use of cargo as fuel16.1 General

16.2 Arrangement16.3 Gas fuel supply16.4 Gas make-up plant and related storage tanks16.5 Special requirements for main boilers16.6 Special requirements for gas-fired internal combustion engines and gas-fired turbinesChapter 17Special requirements17.1 General17.2 Materials of construction


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17.3 Independent tanks17.4 Refrigeration systems17.5 Deck cargo piping17.6 Exclusion of air from vapour spaces17.7 Moisture control17.8 Inhibition17.9 Permanently installed toxic gas detectors17.10 Flame screens on vent outlets17.11 Maximum allowable quantity of cargo per tank17.12 Submerged electric cargo pumps17.13 Ammonia17.14 Chlorine17.15 Diethyl ether and vinyl ethyl ether17.16 Ethylene oxide17.17 Isopropylamine and monoethylamine17.18 Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixtures17.9 Nitrogen

17.20 Propylene oxide and mixtures of ethylene oxide - propylene oxide with ethylene oxidecontent of not more than 30% by weight17.21 Vinyl chlorideChapter 18Operating requirements18.1 Cargo information18.2 Compatibility18.3 Personnel training18.4 Entry into spaces18.5 Carriage of cargo at low temperature18.6 Protective equipment18.7 Systems and controls18.8 Cargo transfer operations18.9 Additional operating requirementsChapter 19Summary of minimum requirements

Code for Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gas In BulkInternational Code For The Construction And Equipment Of Ships Carrying LiquefiedGases In Bulk (IGC Code), 1983 Edition I782E

To minimize the risks to the ships, their crews and the environment, the Codeprescribes the design and constructional features of such ships and the equipmentthey should carry. Generally applies to ships built on or after 31 December 1976 butprior to 1 July 1986. This edition incorporates amendments 1 to 4, including a

supplement containing amendments adopted in 1994 by resolution MSC.32(63),which came into force on 1 July 1998, and a supplement, Summary of MinimumRequirements of the Code.

CONTENT :1 CODE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT OF SHIPS CARRYINGLIQUEFIED GASES IN BULKPreamble


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CHAPTER IGENERAL1.1 Purpose1.2 Application1.3 Hazards1.4 Definitions1.5 Equivalents1.6 Survey requirements 4]1.7 Review of the CodeCHAPTER IISHIP SURVIVAL CAPABILITY AND CARGO TANK LOCATION2.1 General2.2 Freeboard and stability2.3 Damage and Flooding assumptions2.4 Survival requirements2.5 Standard of damage to be applied2.6 Location of cargo tanks2.7 Special consideration for small shipsCHAPTER III - SHIP ARRANGEMENTS

3.1 Segregation of the cargo area3.2 Accommodation, service and control station spaces3.3 Cargo pump rooms and cargo compressor rooms3.4 Cargo control rooms3.5 Access to spaces in the cargo area3.6 Air-locks3.7 Bilge, ballast and fuel oil arrangements 1]3.8 Bow or stern loading and discharge arrangementsCHAPTER IVCARGO CONTAINMENT4.1 General4.2 Definitions4.3 Design loads4.4 Structural analysis4.5 Allowable stresses and corrosion allowance4.6 Supports4.7 Secondary barrier4.8 Insulation4.9 Materials4.10 Construction and testing4.11 Stress relieving for independent tanks type C4.12 Guidance formulae for acceleration components4.13 Stress categoriesCHAPTER VPROCESS PRESSURE VESSELS AND LIQUID, VAPOUR AND PRESSURE

PIPING SYSTEMS5.1 General5.2 Cargo and process piping5.3 Cargo system valving requirements5.4 Ships cargo hoses #5.5 Cargo transfer methodsCHAPTER VIMATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION6.1 General


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6.2 Material requirements6.3 Welding and non-destructive testingCHAPTER VIICARGO PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE CONTROL7.1 General7.2 Refrigeration systemsCHAPTER VIIICARGO VENT SYSTEMS8.1 General8.2 Pressure relief systems8.3 Additional pressure relieving system8.4 Vacuum protection systems8.5 Size of valvesCHAPTER IXENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL FOR CARGO CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS9.1 Environmental control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems9.2 Environmental control within the hold spaces (cargo containment systems other thanindependent tanks type C)9.3 Environmental control of spaces surrounding independent tanks type C9.4 Inerting

9.5 Inert gas production on boardCHAPTER XELECTRICAL ARRANGEMENTS10.1 General10.2 Types of equipmentCHAPTER XIFIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE EXTINGUISHING11.1 Fire Safety requirements11.2 Fire Water main equipment11.3 Water spray system11.4 Dry chemical powder fire extinguishing systems11.5 Gas-dangerous enclosed spaces11.6 Firemans outfits 4]CHAPTER XIIMECHANICAL VENTILATION IN CARGO AREA12.1 Spaces required to be entered during normal cargo handling operations12.2 Spaces not normally enteredCHAPTER XIIIINSTRUMENTATION (GAUGING, GAS DETECTION13.1 General13.2 Level indicators for cargo tanks13.3 Liquid level alarms13.4 Pressure gauges13.5 Temperature indicating devices13.6 Gas detection requirementsCHAPTER XIVPERSONNEL PROTECTIONCHAPTER XVFILLING LIMITS FOR CARGO TANKS

15.1 General15.2 Information to be provided to the masterCHAPTER XVI - USE OF CARGO AS FUELCHAPTER XVIISPECIAL REQUIREMENTS17.1 General17.2 Personnel Protection17.3 Materials of construction17.4 Independent tanks 2]


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17.5 Refrigeration systems17.6 Deck cargo piping17.7 Bow or stern loading and discharge lines17.8 Exclusion of air from vapour spaces17.9 Moisture Control17.10 Inhibition17.11 Permanently installed toxic gas detectors17.12 Special requirements for individual gases17.13 Vapour return connexions 2]17.14 Toxic products 2]17.15 Flame screens on vent outlets 2]17.16 Maximum allowable quantity of cargo per tank 2]17.17 Submerged electric cargo pumps 4]CHAPTER XVIIIOPERATING REQUIREMENTS18.1 Information required to be carried18.2 Compatibility18.3 Personnel training

18.4 Entry into spaces18.5 Carriage of cargo at low temperature18.6 Protective clothing18.7 Systems and controls18.8 Cargo transfer operations18.9 Additional operating requirementsCHAPTER XIXSUMMARY OF MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS

APPENDIXMODEL FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF FITNESS FOR THE CARRIAGE OF LIQUEFIEDGASES IN BULK2 RESOLUTION A.328 (IX)CODE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT OFSHIPS CARRYING LIQUEFIED GASES IN BULK3 RESOLUTION MSC.7 (48)RECOMMENDATION FOR CHEMICAL TANKERS ANDGAS CARRIERS CONSTRUCTED BEFORE 1 JULY 19864 GUIDELINES FOR THE UNIFORM APPLICATION OF THE SURVIVAL REQUIREMENTSOF THE BULK CHEMICAL CODE AND THE GAS CARRIER CODE5 TESTING OF SHORE INSTALLATION CARGO HOSESMSC/CIRC.220

IGC CODE:International Grain Code 1991 (IGC)

CONTENT :Annex International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk

Part A Specific Requirements

Part B Calculation of assumed heeling moments and general assumptions

Appendix 1974 SOLAS Convention, Chapter VI, Part C, as amendedby resolution MSC.22 (59)

ISPS, 2003 Edition

CONTENT:


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Conference resolution 2: Adoption of the International Code for the Security of Ships and ofPort FacilitiesInternational Code for the Security of Ships and of Port Facilities PreamblePart A: Mandatory requirements regarding the provisions of chapter XI-2 of the Annex to theInternational Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amendedIntroductionObjectivesFunctional requirementsDefinitions

ApplicationResponsibilities of Contracting GovernmentsDeclaration of SecurityObligations of the CompanyShip securityShip security assessmentShip security plan

RecordsCompany security officerShip security officerTraining, drills and exercises on ship securityPort facility securityPort facility security assessmentPort facility security planPort facility security officerTraining, drills and exercises on port facility security

Verification and certification for shipsVerificationsIssue or endorsement of CertificateDuration and validity of CertificateInterim certification.

Appendix to part A Appendix 1: Form of the International Ship Security CertificateAppendix 2: Form of the Interim International Ship Security CertificatePart B: Guidance regarding the provisions of chapter XI-2 of the Annex to the InternationalConvention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 as amended and part A of this CodeIntroductionGeneralResponsibilities of Contracting GovernmentsSetting the security levelThe Company and the ship

The port facilityInformation and communicationDefinitions

ApplicationResponsibilities of Contracting GovernmentsSecurity of assessments and plansDesignated AuthoritiesRecognized security organizations


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Setting the security levelContact points and information on port facility security plansIdentification documentsFixed and floating platforms and mobile offshore drilling units on locationShips which are not required to comply with part A of this CodeThreats to ships and other incidents at sea

Alternative security agreementsEquivalent arrangements for port facilitiesManning levelControl and compliance measuresNon-Party ships and ships below Convention sizeDeclaration of SecurityObligations of the CompanyShip securityShip security assessmentSecurity assessmentOn-scene security survey

Ship security planGeneralOrganization and performance of ship security duties

Access to the shipRestricted areas on the shipHandling of cargoDelivery of ship's storesHandling unaccompanied baggageMonitoring the security of the shipDiffering security levels

Activities not covered by the CodeDeclarations of Security

Audit and reviewRecordsCompany security officerShip security officerTraining, drills and exercises on ship securityTrainingDrills and exercises14 Port facility security15 Port facility security assessmentGeneralIdentification and evaluation of important assets and infrastructure it is important to protect

Identification of the possible threats to the assets and infrastructure and the likelihood of theiroccurrence, in order to establish and prioritize security measuresIdentification, selection, and prioritization of countermeasures and procedural changes andtheir level of effectiveness in reducing vulnerabilityIdentification of vulnerabilitiesPort facility security planGeneralOrganization and performance of port facility security duties


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Access to the port facilityRestricted areas within the port facilityHandling of cargoDelivery of ship's storesHandling unaccompanied baggageMonitoring the security of the port facilityDiffering security levels

Activities not covered by the CodeDeclarations of Security

Audit, review and amendmentApproval of port facility security plansStatement of Compliance of a Port FacilityPort facility security officerTraining, drills and exercises on port facility securityTrainingDrills and exercises

Verification and certification for ships

Appendix to part B Appendix 1: Form of a Declaration of Security between a ship and a portfacility

Appendix 2: Form of a Statement of Compliance of a Port FacilityConference resolution 1: Adoption of amendments to the Annex to the International Conventionfor the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974

Amendments to chapters V and XI of SOLAS 1974Other Conference resolutions 3: Further work by the International Maritime Organizationpertaining to the enhancement of maritime security.Future amendments to chapters XI-1 and XI-2 of the 1974 SOLAS Convention on specialmeasures to enhance maritime safety and security .Promotion of technical co-operation and assistanceEarly implementation of the special measures to enhance maritime securityEstablishment of appropriate measures to enhance the security of ships, port facilities, mobileoffshore drilling units on location and fixed and floating platforms not covered by chapter XI-2of the SOLAS ConventionEnhancement of security in co-operation with the International Labour OrganizationEnhancement of security in co-operation with the World Customs OrganizationEarly implementation of long-range ship's identification and trackingHuman-element-related aspects and shore leave for seafarers

International Conference on Load Lines, Consolidated ed. 2005

CONTENT:Page Part 1 International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 Articles of the Convention

Annex I: Regulations for determining load linesChapter I GeneralChapter II Conditions of assignment of freeboardChapter III FreeboardsChapter IV Special requirements for ships assigned timber freeboards

Annex II: Zones, areas and seasonal periods


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Annex III: Certificates

Part 2 Articles of the Protocol of 1988 relating to the Convention

Part 3 International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, as modified by the 1988 Protocol relatingthereto, as amended

Annex A: Articles of the Convention as modified by the Protocol of 1988 relating theretoAnnex B: Annexes to the Convention as modified by the Protocol of 1988 relating theretoAnnex I: Regulations for determining load linesChapter I GeneralChapter II Conditions of assignment of freeboardChapter III FreeboardsChapter IV Special requirements for ships assigned timber freeboards

Annex II: Zones, areas and seasonal periodsAnnex III: Certificates

CSC CODE:

International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972 (CSC 1972), 1996 Edition

International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972*Annex IRegulations for the testing, inspection, approval and maintenance of containersChapter IRegulations common to all systems of approvalChapter IIRegulations for approval of new containers by design typeChapter IIIRegulations for approval of new containers by individual approvalChapter IVRegulations for approval of existing containers and new containers not approvedat time of manufactureChapter V Regulations for approval of modified containers

AppendixSafety Approval PlateAnnex IIStructural safety requirements and testsSupplementRecommendation on harmonized interpretation and implementation of theInternational Convention for Safe Containers, 1972 as amendedResolution A.737 (18)Amendments to the International Convention for Safe Containers(CSC), 1972

International Code of Signals, 2005 Ed

Chapter I Explanations and general remarksChapter II DefinitionsChapter III Methods of signalling

Chapter IV General instructionsChapter V Flag signallingChapter VI Flashing light signallingChapter VII Sound signallingChapter VIII RadiotelephonyChapter IX Morse signalling by hand-flags or armsChapter X Morse symbolsphonetic tablesprocedure signalsChapter XI Single-letter signals


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Chapter XII Single-letter signals with complementsChapter XIII Single-letter signals between ice-breaker and assisted vesselsChapter XIV Identification of medical transports in armed conflict and permanent identificationof rescue craftGeneral sectionI Distressemergency

AbandonAccidentdoctorinjured / sickAircraftHelicopterAssistanceBoatsraftsDisableddriftingsinkingDistressPositionSearch and rescueSurvivorsII Casualtiesdamages

CollisionDamagesrepairsDiverunderwater operationsFireexplosionGroundingbeachingrefloatingLeakTowingTugsIII Aids to navigationnavigationhydrography

Aids to navigationBarBearingsCanalchannelfairwayCourseDangers to navigationwarningsDepthdraughtElectronic navigationMinesminesweepingNavigation lightssearchlightNavigating and steering instructionsTideIV Manoeuvres

AheadasternAlongside

To anchoranchor(s)anchorageEnginespropellerLandingboardingManoeuvreProceedunder waySpeedStopheave toV Miscellaneous


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CONTENT:

Chapter 1 GeneralChapter 2 StabilityChapter 3 StowageChapter 4 SecuringChapter 5 Personnel Protection and Safety DevicesChapter 6 Action to be taken during the voyage

Appendix A Advice on stowage practicesAppendix B General Guidelines for the under-deck stowage of logsAppendix C Recommendation on intact stability for passenger and cargo ships under100m in length, as amended, with respect to ships carrying deck cargoes

Appendix 1 Calculation of stability curvesAppendix 2 Standard conditions of loading to be examinedAppendix 3 Memorandum to Administrations on an approximate determination of shipsstability by means of rolling period tests (for ships up to 70m in length) AnnexSuggestedform of guidance to the master on an approximate determination of ships stability by means of

the rolling period testAppendix D Text of regulation 44 of the International Convention on Load Lines 1966Resolution A.715(17)adopted on 6 November 1991

BCH Code, 2008 Edition

This publication contains the Code for the Construction and Equipment of ShipsCarrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code) and information related to thatCode. The Code was originally adopted in 1971 and was altered by a series ofamendments between 1972 and 1983 before an amended version was adopted bythe Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) in 1985 and by the MaritimeSafety Committee (MSC) in 1986. There have been further amendments, the mostrecent of which were adopted by the MEPC by resolution MEPC.144(54) in March2006 and by the MSC by resolution MSC.212(81) in May 2006. These came into forceon 1 August 2007.

CONTENT:

ISGOTT:This is the definitive Guide to the safe carriage and handling of crude oil and petroleumproducts on tankers and at terminals.

ART 1: GENERAL INFORMATION

CHAPTER 1 BASIC PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM1.1 Vapour Pressure


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1.1.1 True Vapour Pressure1.1.2 Reid Vapour Pressure1.2 Flammability1.2.1 General1.2.2 Flammable Limits1.2.3 Effect of Inert Gas on Flammability1.2.4 Tests for Flammability1.2.5 Flashpoint1.2.6 Flammability Classification of Petroleum1.3 Density of Hydrocarbon Gases

CHAPTER 2 HAZARDS OF PETROLEUM2.1 Flammability2.2 Density2.3 Toxicity2.3.1 Introduction2.3.2 Liquid Petroleum

2.3.3 Petroleum Gases2.3.4 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)2.3.5 Benzene and Other Aromatic Hydrocarbons2.3.6 Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)2.3.7 Mercaptans2.3.8 Gasolines Containing Tetraethyl Lead (TEL) or Tetramethyl Lead (TML)2.3.9 Inert Gas2.3.10 Oxygen Deficiency2.4 Gas Measurement2.4.1 Introduction2.4.2 Measurement of Hydrocarbon Concentration2.4.3 Flammable Gas Monitors (Explosimeters)2.4.4 Non-Catalytic Heated Filament Gas Indicators (Tankscopes)2.4.5 Inferometer (Refractive Index Meter)2.4.6 Infra-red (IR) Instruments2.4.7 Measurement of Low Concentrations of Toxic Gases2.4.8 Fixed Gas Detection Installations2.4.9 Measurement of Oxygen Concentrations2.4.10 Use of Oxygen Analysers2.4.11 Multi-gas Instruments2.4.12 Personal Gas Monitors2.4.13 Gas Sample Lines and Sampling Procedures2.5 Hydrocarbon Gas Evolution and Dispersion

2.5.1 Introduction2.5.2 Gas Evolution and Venting2.5.3 Gas Dispersion2.5.4 Variables Affecting Dispersion2.5.5 Minimising Hazards from Vented Gas2.5.6 Loading Very High Vapour Pressure Cargoes2.6 Pyrophoric Iron Sulphide2.6.1 Pyrophoric Oxidation


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2.6.2 Formation of Pyrophors2.6.3 Prevention of Pyrophoric Ignition in Inerted Cargo Tanks2.7 The Hazards Associated with the Handling, Storage and Carriage of Residual Fuel Oils2.7.1 General2.7.2 Nature of Hazard2.7.3 Flashpoint and Headspace Flammability Measurement2.7.4 Precautionary Measures2.7.5 Hydrogen Sulphide Hazard in Residual Fuel Oils

3 STATIC ELECTRICITY3.1 Principles of Electrostatics3.1.1 Summary3.1.2 Charge Separation3.1.3 Charge Accumulation3.1.4 Electrostatic Discharge3.1.5 Electrostatic Properties of Gases and Mists3.2 General Precautions Against Electrostatic Hazards

3.2.1 Overview3.2.2 Bonding3.2.3 Avoiding Loose Conductive Objects3.3 Other Sources of Electrostatic Hazards3.3.1 Filters3.3.2 Fixed Equipment in Cargo Tanks3.3.3 Free Fall in Tanks3.3.4 Water Mists3.3.5 Inert Gas3.3.6 Discharge of Carbon Dioxide3.3.7 Clothing and Footwear3.3.8 Synthetic Materials

4 GENERAL HAZARDS FOR SHIP AND TERMINAL4.1 General Principles4.2 Control of Potential Ignition Sources4.2.1 Naked Lights4.2.2 Smoking4.2.3 Galley Stoves and Cooking Appliances4.2.4 Engine and Boiler Rooms4.3 Portable Electrical Equipment4.3.1 General4.3.2 Lamps and Other Electrical Equipment on Flexible Cables