Math 150 – Probability and StatisticsSpring 2015

Introduction and BasicTerminology

Introduction Outline

• Syllabus Review• Introduction to Probability and Statistics• Basic Terminology (Ch2)• Graphical Representation of Distributions

(Ch2)

Statistics vs. Algebra/Calculus

• Inductive vs. Deductive Reasoning• Emphasis on analysis / confidence of results• Applied word problems• Random behavior• Little equation solving, no factoring!, no

quadratic formula!, little graphing

Course Overview

• Ch3 – Statistical Summary• Ch4 – Regression• Ch5 – Probability• Ch6 – Discrete Probability Distributions• Ch7 – Continuous Probability Distributions• Ch8 – Sampling Distributions• Ch9 – Confidence• Ch10, Ch11, Ch12 – Hypothesis Testing

Applications of Statistics and Probability

Gambling / Games of Chance• Expected Value• Conditional Probability• Poker• Roulette• Dice / Craps

Biology / Health Sciences• Genetics– Mendel Laws / Punnett Square

• Human Genome Project• Genetic Diseases• HIV testing• Mammograms• Drug Testing

Economics and Management• Stock Market volatility / deviation• Investment• Expected value• Extrapolation

Insurance

• Likelihood of injury, property damage, accidents

• Location and demographic influence on rates• Actuarial Science

Politics• Census• Political strategy• Sample opinion polls – representative of

population?

Law• Statisticians as lawyers• Interpretation of data driven evidence• Misleading data and displays• Ex: smoking vs lung cancer• Hypothesis Test

Basic Terminology (Ch2)

• Data (qualitative vs quantitative)• Population• Sample• Parameter• Statistic• Distribution• SRS (Simple Random Sample)

Describing Distributions• Quantitatively (Ch3)• Qualitatively – Histogram– Shape• Symmetry vs Skewed• Uniform Distribution• Skew left vs skew right

– Modes• Unimodal, Bimodal, Multimodal, Uniform (no mode)

Histogram

Histogram

Relative Frequency Histogram

Symmetric , unimodal distribution

Symmetric, Unimodal distribution

Asymmetric, bimodal distribution

Uniform Distribution

Skew Left Distribution

Skew right distribution

Other Displays

Ex: Dotplot

Pie Chart

Misleading Displays