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Axioms of Human Behavior
All are created equal Knowledge and beliefs arise from
senses Behavior determined by enjoyment
of pleasure, avoidance of pain Human nature shaped by culture &
environment All act according to self interest
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
A “codifying animal”
Luckless in romance
Anti church/state alliance
Anti monarchy Anti packed juries Maximize pleasure,
minimize pain
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) Moral Calculus Cost-Benefit Analysis Democracy and Universal Suffrage Utilitarianism
Declaration of Independence
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
Declaration of Independence
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government.
Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923)
Pareto Principle Power LawsDistribution of World GDP, 1989
Quintile of population Income
Richest 20% 82.70%
Second 20% 11.75%
Third 20% 2.30%
Fourth 20% 1.85%
Poorest 20% 1.40%