MATH VOCABULARY

Intermediate

Acute Angle

An angle that measures less than a right angle (90°).

addend

Any of the numbers that are addedExample:2 + 3 = 5

The addends are 2 and 3.

A.M.

The time between midnight and noon

Angle

A figure formed by two rays that meet at a common endpoint

Area

The number of square units needed to cover a given surface.

ArrayAn arrangement that shows objects in rows and columns

Bar Graph

A way to show information that uses bars to stand for data

Benchmark

Numbers like 10, 25, 50, or 100 that are used to help make estimates

Calendar

A table that shows the days, weeks, and months of a year in order

Capacity

The amount a container can hold when filled

Cell

Any single box in a table

Circle Graph

A graph in the shape of a circle that shows data as a whole made up of different parts

Closed Figures

A shape that begins and ends at the same point

Cone

A solid, pointed figure that has a flat, round base

Congruent

Figures that have the same size and shape

These triangles are congruent.

Cube

A solid figure with six congruent square faces

Cumulative Frequency

A column in a table that keeps a running total in a frequency table

Cup

A customary unit used to measure capacity

2 cups = 1 pint

Cylinder

A solid figure that is shaped like a can

Decimal

A number that uses place value and a decimal point to show values less than

one, such as tenths and hundredths

3.47

Decimal point

A period used in decimal numbers to separate the whole number part from the

decimal part

Degree

A unit of measure used to measure parts of a circle. There are 360° in a circle.

Degree Celsius

A standard unit for measuring temperature in the metric system

Degrees Fahrenheit

A standard unit for measuring temperature in the

customary system

Denominator

The number below the bar in a fraction. It tells the total number of equal parts.

Diameter

A line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has its endpoints on

the circle

Difference

The answer in a subtraction problem

8 - 5 = 33 is the difference.

Dividend

The number that is being divided in a division problem

35 ÷ 5 = 7                 

The dividend is 35.

Divisor

The number that divides the dividend

18 ÷ 3 = 6                 

The divisor is 3.

Double bar graph

A graph using bars to compare similar kinds of data

Elapsed time

The time that passes from the start of an activity to the end of that activity

The elapsed time is one hour.

Equally likely

When the outcomes of an experiment have the same chance of happening

You are equally likely to roll 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

Equilateral triangle

A triangle with all sides congruent

Equivalent decimals

Two or more decimals that name the same amount

0.3 and 0.30 name the same amount.

Equivalent fractions

Two or more fractions that name the same amount

Expanded form

A way to write numbers by showing the value of each digit

635 = 600 + 30 + 5

1,479 = 1,000 + 400 + 70 + 9

Expression

A part of a number sentence that combines numbers and operation signs

(12 – 4) – 3

Fact family

A set of related addition and subtraction or multiplication and division number

sentences

2 + 4 = 6       6 - 4 = 24 + 2 = 6       6 - 2 = 4

or3 X 6 = 18       18 ÷ 6 = 36 X 3 = 18       18 ÷ 3 = 6

Factor

A number that is multiplied by another number to find a product.

4

4 X 7 = 28       X 7

28

The factors are 4 and 7.

Factor tree

A diagram that shows the prime factors of a composite number

Fraction

A number that names part of a whole or part of a group

Frequency table

A table that organizes the total for each category or group

Gallon

A customary unit used to measure capacity

4 quarts = 1 gallon

Grouping property of addition

The property which states that the way addends are grouped does not change the sum

(5 + 9) + 3 = 5 + (9 + 3)14 + 3 = 5 + 12

17 = 17

Grouping property of multiplication

The property which states that the way factors are grouped does not change the

product

(2 X 3) X 4 = 2 X (3 X 4)

6 X 4 = 2 X 12

24 = 24

Hexagon

A polygon with 6 sides and 6 angles

Horizontal

The direction from left to right

Hundredth

One of one hundred equal parts

Impossible

Something that will never happen

Example:

A dinosaur will walk into your classroom today.

Intersecting lines

Two or more lines that cross at exactly one point

The lines intersect at point B

IntervalThe distance between the numbers on the

scale of a graph.

Inverse operations

Opposite operations that undo each other; Addition and subtraction are inverse

operations, and so are multiplication and division.

5 + 4 = 9, so 9 – 4 = 5

3 X 4 = 12, so 12 ÷ 4 = 3

Isosceles triangle

A triangle with two congruent sides

Line

A straight path extending in both directions with no endpoints

Line graph

A graph that uses line segments to show how data change over a period of time

Line plot

A diagram that shows the frequency of data as they are collected

Line segment

Part of a line, with two endpoints

Line symmetry

A figure has line symmetry when it can be folded about a line so that its two parts are

identical.

Linear unitsAn inch is about the length of your thumb from the first knuckle to the tip.

A foot is about the height of a cat.                     

A yard is about the length of a baseball bat.

A mile is about the distance you can walk in 20 minutes.                 

Mean

Step 1Use unit cubes. Make 6 stacks of cubes to model the number of tickets sold each day.

                                  

Step 2Arrange the stacks in order from the shortest to the tallest.

                        Step 3To find the mean, move the cubes so the 6 stacks are equal in height. The number of cubes in each stack is the mean.

                          

median

The middle number in an ordered series of numbers

The median of 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7 is 4.

mode

The number that occurs most often in a list of data

The mode of 1, 3, 4, 4, and 6 is 4.

Multiple

Negative numbers

Numbers less than zero

Net

A two-dimensional pattern of a three-dimensional solid

Nominal

A number that names things

Numeration system

A way to count and name numbers

Numerator

The number above the bar in a fraction. It tells how many of the equal parts of the whole or group are being considered.

Obtuse angle

An angle whose measure is greater than 90° and less than 180°

octagon

A polygon with 8 sides and 8 angles

One-dimensional

A measure in only one direction, such as length

Open figure

A figure that does not begin and end at the same point

Opposites

1 and –1       3 and –3       7 and –7

Order property of multiplication

The property which states that when the order of the two factors is changed, the product is the

same

4 X 5 = 5 X 420 = 20

Ordered PairA pair of numbers used to locate a

point on a grid.

(1,2) represents 1 space to the right of zero and 2 spaces up.                             

Ordinal

A number that tells position or order

Jon won first place.

Jean is 4th in line.

Parallel lines

Lines that never cross and are always the same distance apart

Parallelogram

A quadrilateral with 2 pairs of parallel sides, 2 pairs of equal angles, and 2 pairs of

equal sides

Pentagon

A polygon with 5 sides and 5 angles

Perimeter

The distance around a figure

2 cm + 3 cm + 3 cm = 8 cmThe perimeter of this figure is 8 centimeters.

Period

Each group of three digits in a number

Perpendicular lines

Two lines that intersect to form four right angles

Pictograph

A graph that uses pictures to show and compare information

Pint

A customary unit used to measure capacity

2 cups = 1 pint

Place value

The system in which the position of a digit in a number determines its value; see

decimal number system

Plane

A flat surface that extends without end in all directions

Planes are named by three points in the plane.

Plane Figure

A figure that lies in one plane

P.M.

The time between noon and midnight

Point symmetry

When a figure can be turned about a central point and still look the same in at least two positions

ProbabilityThe chance that a given event will occur

Probability of red =1

4

Quart

A customary unit used to measure capacity

2 pints = 1 quart

Quotient

The answer in a division problem

35 ÷ 5 = 7                 The quotient is 7.

Radius

A line segment with one endpoint at the center of a circle and the other endpoint

on the circle

Range

The difference between the greatest and the least numbers in a set of numbers

range: 6 – 0 = 6

Ray

A part of a line that begins at one endpoint and extends forever in only one direction

Rectangle

A polygon with 4 sides and 4 right angles

Rectangular prism

A solid figure in which all six faces are rectangles

Reflection (flip)

The result of a figure flipped over a line

Remainder

The amount left over when you find a quotient

Rhombus

A parallelogram whose four sides are congruent and whose opposite angles are

congruent

Right angle

An angle that forms a square corner and measures 90°

Rotation (turn)

The action of turning a figure around a point or a vertex

scale

A series of numbers placed at fixed distances on a graph to help label the

graph

Scalene triangle

A triangle in which each side has a different length

Schedule

A table that lists activities and the times they happen

FLIGHTS FROM MIAMI TONEW YORK CITY

Each flight lasts about 2 hoursand 45 minutes.

Airline Departure Time

Airline A 9:10 A.M.    

Airline B 10:15 A.M.    

Airline C 12:50 P.M.    

Airline D 1:20 P.M.    

Similar figures

Figures that have the same shape but may have different sizes

Simplest form

When a fraction can be modeled with the largest fraction bar possible

Solid figures

sphere

                         

cube

cylinderrectangularprism

conesquarepyramid

square

A polygon with 4 equal sides and 4 right angles

Square pyramid

A solid figure with a base that is a square and four faces that are triangles

Tally table

A way to organize data that uses tally marks to show how often something happens

tangram

A puzzle consisting of seven polygon-shaped pieces that can be rearranged to

make various figures or shapes

tenth

One of ten equal parts

tessellation

A repeating pattern of closed figures that covers a surface with no gaps and no overlaps

Three-dimensional

A measure in three directions, such as length, width, and height

transformationThe movement of a figure, either a

translation, rotation, or reflection

Translation (slide)

The action of sliding a figure in any direction

trapezoid

A quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides

Tree diagram

An organized list that shows all possible outcomes of an event

So, there are 6 possible outcomes.

triangle

A polygon with 3 sides and 3 angles

24-hour clock

A clock that does not use A.M. or P.M.

Two-dimensional

A measure in two directions, such as length and width

Venn diagram

A diagram that uses circles to show relationships among sets of things

vertex

The point at which two rays of an angle or two or more line segments meet in a plane figure, or where three or more sides meet

in a solid figure

vertical

The direction from top to bottom

volume

The measure of the space a solid figure occupies

x-coordinate

The first number in an ordered pair

(4, 6)       (2, 5)

y-coordinate

• (3, 7)       (5, 9)

The second number in an ordered pair

Zero property for multiplication

The property which states that the product of zero and any number is zero

13 X 0 = 0

0 X 7 = 0