Maths Dictionary

Acute angles are less than 90 degrees in size. For example: CHALLENGE Colour all the acute angles in these shapes in red.

FMS Maths Dictionary; M Legge and E Crocombe

Addition is when two numbers are combined. Other words for addition are: Total Sum of More than Plus Increase Altogether For example: ~34 + 14 = 48 ~6 plus 9 is 15 ~20 is 7 more than 13 ~12 increased by 1 is 13 ~The sum of 5 and 6 is 11 ~3, 4 and 7 make 14 altogether CHALLENGE How many addition sums can you make with the answer

100? FMS Maths Dictionary; M Legge and E Crocombe

The AREA of a shape is the number of small 1cm x 1cm squares which fit inside. For example: There are 7 whole squares inside this shape. So it has an area of 7cm2 CHALLENGE

How many different rectangles can you draw with the same area as this shape?


A decagon is a ten (10) sided shape. For example: A regular decagon has 10 equal length sides with equal sized angles. This is an irregular decagon. It has ten sides. Challenge: Can you draw two irregular decagons? Can you draw a decagon that has 1, 2 or 3 lines of symmetry? Can you draw an irregular decagon that has an area of 32cm squared.? Now explore area and perimeter of irregular decagons.

F.M.S. Maths Dictionary; E. Crocombe and M.Legge.

The denominator is the bottom number in any fraction. For example:

4 9

CHALLENGE Can you write 5 fractions ALL with THE SAME denominator and put them in order from smallest to biggest?


Denominator

Division is when a number or an amount is shared out equally. Other words or phrases for division are: Shared between How many in.. (e.g.: How many 3s in 21?) For example: 20 divided by 5 is 4 72 sweets are shared between 9 children. How many will they each receive? (Answer = 8 as 72 ÷ 9 = 8) Teacher tip: The number which divides into the amount is called the divisor. The remainder will always be smaller than the divisor. CHALLENGE Can you make up some division questions where the answers go 1, 2, 3, 4, 5… all the way up to 20?


An EQUILATERAL triangle is one whose sides and angles are all the same. The sides can be as long as you like but the angles will always be 60 degrees. For example: CHALLENGE Can you design a repeating pattern using equilateral triangles?


A factor is a number which divides exactly into another with no remainder. For example: 4 is a factor of 12 7 is a factor of 28 Sometimes factors are written in pairs: 3 and 5 are a pair of factors of 15. CHALLENGE Find ALL the factors of: 24 48 60 Can you explore this further?


A HEXAGON is any shape with 6 straight sides. For example:

CHALLENGE Can you draw 5 hexagons of your own?


An integer is the posh name for a whole number. For example: 3, 56, 109, 81, 7314 are all integers. So are numbers like 2.0, 175.00 and top heavy fractions such as 12 , (because this is the same as the number 4.) 3 9.3, 215.75, ¾, 42½ and anything involving decimals or fractions are NOT integers. CHALLENGE Look in a newspaper or magazine. Can you find 5 examples of integers and 5 examples of non integers?


An isosceles triangle is a triangle with two sides of equal (the same) length and two angles of equal size. For example: This is an isosceles triangle: Teacher Tip: Angles of a triangle add to 180 degrees. Challenge: Can you draw two isosceles triangles? Can you construct an isosceles triangle that has a base of 6 cm and two angles of 70 degrees? Can you calculate the third angle for an isosceles triangle with two angles each 48 degrees in size?


A kilogram is made up of 1000 grams. Kilogram is often written as kg and grams is written as g. For example: 2000 grams = 2 kilograms 5 kg = 5000 g Challenge: Can you convert 3000g to kilograms? 2500g + 4kg = g. 3.4kg + g = 9kg. 8700g - g = 3.2kg. Can you create some more like this for a friend to try?


A KILOMETRE is 1000 metres For example:

1km = 1000m

5km = 5000m

12km = 12,000m

7.5km = 7500m

CHALLENGE Can you estimate how far you walk in one week in kilo-metres?


A kite is a quadrilateral which has 2 pairs of sides of equal length. A kite also has 2 diagonal lines which cross at right angles. For example:

Teaching Note: Some people think kite is the name for a toy and not a proper maths name. CHALLENGE Can you draw 3 kites of different size and measure the perimeter of each one?


A litre is a measure usually applied to liquids. One litre is 1000ml, (millilitres). For example: 2l = 2000ml 1.7l = 1700ml Teacher tip: One pint is 568ml Therefore, 1 pint = just over half a litre. CHALLENGE Can you answer these questions? 1. 1.8l + 900ml 2. 3.6l + 80ml 3. 2.95l + 375ml 4. 1.08l + 3.2l + 0.9l + 4.77l


The mean of a set of data is commonly called the average. Teacher Tip: We calculate the mean or average by adding all of the data together and dividing by the number of values For example: The mean of 5, 7 and 15 is 9 because 5 + 7 + 15 = 27 And 27 divided by 3 = 9. Challenge: Find the mean of these sets of numbers: 1) 4, 6, 9, 11, 5 2) 2.5, 3.4, 2.7 3) 11.3, 14.6, 13.7, 18.1, 15.9, 14.8, 16.2 4) 12, 8, . Mean = 7 What is the value of ?


The median is the middle value in a set of data when ordered by size. For Example: The median of this data is the value that is circled. 10, 12, 14, 16 ,18, 20, 22, 24, 26 Teacher Tip: Count in from both ends of the data until you meet at the middle value, the median. Challenge: Now circle the median in these sets of data: 1) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17. 2) 32, 38, 43, 56, 71, 82, 95, 101, 110, 132, 176. 3) (remember to order first) 0.4, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 0.2, 0.5, 1.1. Investigate how to calculate the median when you have two middle values in your set of data.


A METRE is 100 centimetres For example:

1m = 100cm

3m = 300cm

4.6m = 460cm

7.09m = 709cm

CHALLENGE Can you estimate the distance around the tennis court area in the school playground in metres? How would you measure that distance in order to check?


The mode of a set of data is the value that occurs the most often. For example: 3, 4 ,5, 6, 5, 2, 5, 4, 6, 5, 5 ,3, 1, 1, 5. The mode of the above set of data is 5 as it occurs most often. Challenge: Find the mode in these sets of data: 1) 2, 2, 3, 7, 6, 4, 2, 1, 7, 8. 2) 0.2, 0.3, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.3, 0.9. 3) 73, 68, 11, 73, 81, 94, 10, 78, 34, 43, 73, 34, 53, 52, 11,43, 100, 94, 73. 4) 2.25, 3.45, 7.75, 1.25, 1.25, 3.45, 3.55, 1.22, 3.45, 77.5, 2.26. Now explore this further with shoe sizes in your class.


A multiple is a number which is in the times tables of another. For example: 18 is a multiple of 6. 18 is also a multiple of 2, 3 and 9. 30 is NOT a multiple of 60, but 60 IS a multiple of 30. CHALLENGE How many numbers can you find which are multiples of 3, 4 and 5. For example: 60 is one, because it is in the 3s, 4s and 5s times tables. Can you explore this further?


Multiplication is basically a quick way of doing repeated addition. Other words for multiplication are: Product Times Lots of For example: 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 6 x 4 = 24 The product of 5 and 10 is 50 3 lots of 7 is 21 9 times 3 is 27 CHALLENGE How many multiplication sums can you make with the answer 100?


A net is the 2D drawing which can be folded up to make a 3D shape. For Example: These are all nets of a cube. Challenge: 1. There are more nets of a cube. How many more

can you find? 2. Can you draw a net for these shapes? a. Triangular prism b. Square based pyramid c. Tetrahedron, (you will need to find out what this is!)


A nonagon is a nine (9) sided shape. For Example: A regular nonagon has 9 equal length sides with equal sized angles. An irregular nonagon is any 2D shape with 9 sides. Challenge: Can you draw two irregular nonagons? Can you draw a nonagon that has at least one line of symmetry? Can you draw an irregular nonagon that has an area of 24cm squared? Now explore area and perimeter of irregular nonagons.


The numerator is the top number in any fraction. For example:

3 5

CHALLENGE Can you write 5 fractions ALL with THE SAME numerator and put them in order from smallest to biggest?


Numerator

An obtuse angle is greater than 90O (ninety degrees) and less than 180O (one hundred and eighty degrees) in size. For Example: These are obtuse angles: Challenge: Can you draw two obtuse angles? Can you draw the following obtuse angles using a protractor? 1) 100 degrees 2) 125 degrees 3) 157 degrees 4) 92 degrees Can you draw this angle life size?


An octagon is an eight (8) sided shape. For Example: This is an octagon. An irregular octagon is an eight sided shape that does not have equal length sides and angles. Challenge: Can you draw two irregular octagons? Can you list any properties of a regular octagon? What is the sum of the interior angles of a regular octagon? Can you list the names of 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 sided shapes?


Parallel lines are ones which do not get any closer or further apart. For example: These lines ARE parallel These lines ARE NOT parallel CHALLENGE Can you draw a shape with more than 4 sides and one pair of parallel sides?


A parallelogram is a 4 sided shape, (quadrilateral), which has 2 pairs of parallel sides. For example: Teacher tip: A rectangle is a special parallelogram which also has 4 right angles. CHALLENGE Can you draw a parallelogram and work out its area? How would you work out the area of any parallelogram?


A pentagon is a five (5) sided shape. For example: This is a pentagon. An irregular pentagon is a five sided shape that does not have equal length sides and angles. Challenge: Can you draw two irregular pentagons? Can you list any properties of a regular pentagons? What size are the internal angles of a regular pentagon? Can you list the names of 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 sided shapes?


The perimeter is the total distance around the outside of a shape. For example: 3cm 11cm 6cm Perimeter = 36cm (11+3+6+4+5+7) 4cm 5cm 7cm CHALLENGE Can you draw 3 DIFFERENT rectangles which all have the same perimeter?


Two lines which meet or cross and form a right angle are perpendicular to one another. For example: These lines are perpendicular These lines are not perpendicular CHALLENGE Can you use a protractor to draw a pair of perpendicular lines?


A prime number is a number which has only two different factors. These are 1 and itself. 1 is not a prime number. For example: 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11 are prime numbers. 97 is the largest prime number under 100. Challenge: Can you find the prime numbers between 10 and 20? Circle the prime numbers from this list: 17 24 37 51 43 77 Can you find prime numbers between 100 and 200?


The product is the answer gained by multiplying two numbers together. For Example: The product of 2 and 4 is 8. The product of 7 and 13 is 91. Challenge: Find the product of 6 and 3. I am thinking of a number. The product of 7 and my number is 21. What is my number? Find two numbers with a product of 56? Can you explore this further?


A quadrilateral is any four sided 2D shape. For Example: These are quadrilaterals: Challenge: Can you draw or make with a pin board a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides? What do we call a quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides? Can you draw or label the following regular quadrilaterals and identify lines of symmetry? A square A rhombus A trapezium


The quotient is the whole number result of a division sum. For example: The quotient of 20 and 10 is 2, (20 ÷ 10 = 2) The quotient of 54 and 9 is 6, (54 ÷ 9 = 6) The quotient of 21 and 5 is 4, (although 21 ÷ 5 is 4 re-mainder 1, the quotient is the whole number bit.) CHALLENGE Can you make up some quotient questions? How would you solve these question: “What is the quotient of 320 and 16?” “What is the quotient of 702 and 18?” “What is the quotient of 193 and 7?”


The range of a set of data is the distance between the smallest and largest value. For Example: Her are some shoe sizes for a group of children in order of size: 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8. The range of this data is 7. This is because the difference between the smallest and largest value is 7. (8-1). Challenge: Find the range in these sets of data: 1) 7, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 16, 17, 18, 18,18. 2) 53, 42, 64, 12, 87, 64, 72, 11, 14, 92, 13, 90. Now find the range of height in your class or family.


A reflex angle is greater than 180O and less than 360O in size. For example: This is a reflex angle Teachers Tip: Using a 180 degree protractor take the reflex angle from 360 de-grees. This will leave you with an angle to draw with your 180 degree protractor. Challenge: Can you draw two reflex angles? Draw the following reflex angles using a protractor: 270 degrees 325 degrees 212 degrees


The remainder is any amount left over after a division sum. For example: 20 divided by 7 is 2 remainder 6 Teacher tip: The number which divides into the amount is called the divisor. The remainder will always be smaller than the divisor. CHALLENGE Can you find the remainder from these division questions? 1. 47 divided by 10 2. 19 divided by 5 3. Sixty eight divided by seven 4. Thirty five divided by nine.


A rhombus is a special parallelogram where all the sides are equal. For example: Teacher tip: Diamond and rhombus are the same thing. CHALLENGE Can you make a repeating pattern based on the rhombus?


A RIGHT ANGLE is sometimes called a square corner. A right angle is 90 degrees in size. For example: The right angle is here in the corner.

CHALLENGE Draw a four sided shape, (a quadrilateral) which has only one right angle.


A scalene triangle has no sides or angles the same size. For Example: Challenge: Can you draw 3 scalene triangles? Can you measure the length of the sides on the scalene triangles above in millimetres? Can you measure the size of the angles in the two scalene triangles above? Remember all 3 angles should add to 180 degrees.


A square number is a number which is produced when a number is multiplied by itself. For example: 16 is a square number, it is 4 x 4 64 is a square number, it is 8 x 8 1 is a square number, it is 1 x 1 CHALLENGE Can you memorise the square numbers up to 400?


The square root is the number used to produce a square number (A square number is an answer made by multiplying a number by itself.) For Example: The square root of 25 is 5, because 5 x 5 = 25 The square root of 81 is 9, because 9 x 9 = 81 Challenge: Find the square root of 49. Which square number has a square root of 8? Can you find the square root of all square numbers to 100? Can you explore this further?


Subtraction is when one number is taken away from another. Other words for subtraction are: Take away Minus Decrease Difference between Less than For example: ~50-11 = 39 ~11 minus 2 is 9 ~12 is 5 less than 17 ~30 decreased by 8 is 22 ~The difference between 15 and 23 is 8 CHALLENGE How many subtraction sums can you make with the answer 100?


The SUM in maths means to add up the numbers you have been given. For example: The sum of 7 and 3 is 10. The sum of £1.50 and £1.60 is £3.10

CHALLENGE When you are next in the shops can you find the sum of the things you are buying faster than the person on the till? The more things you buy the harder it gets. Can you take a shortcut when doing the sum of £1.99, £2.99 and £3.99?


A trapezium is a 4 sided shape, (quadrilateral), which has at least one pair of parallel sides. For example: Teacher tip: A rectangle is a special trapezium which also has 4 right angles. CHALLENGE Can you draw a trapezium and work out its area? How would you work out the area of any trapezium?


A vertex is a 3D corner. For Example: Challenge: How many vertices (plural of vertex) does the cube in the diagram have? Can you think of everyday objects that have a vertex in them? List some below: • • • • •


The volume is the space inside a 3D object. For example: The Coca Cola in a drinks can fills the volume of that can when full. Teacher Tip: The volume of a shape can be found by multiplying length x breadth x height. 2 Challenge: 3 7 3 3 5 Calculate the volume of the two shapes above.


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Maths Dictionary