Matter

Get your notebook paper out and be ready to take notes

What is Matter?Matter is anything that takes up

space and has mass.What is NOT matter?

◦Light◦Heat◦Energy

Types of MatterPure Substance- a particular kind

of matter – made of just one kind of ‘particle’ – either an element or a compound

Mixture- more than one kind of matter – two or more pure substances whose particles are located next to each other.

PropertiesPhysical Properties- a property that

can be observed and measured without changing the substance.◦Intrinsic◦Extrinsic

Chemical Properties- a property that can only be observed by changing the type of substance.

States of matterSolid- mater that can not flow

and has definite volume.Liquid- definite volume but takes

the shape of its container (flows).Gas- a substance without definite

volume or shape and can flow.

States of Matter

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Definite Volume?

YES

YES

NO

Definite Shape?

YES

NO

NO

Temp. increase

Small ExpansionSmall Expansion

Large Expansion

Com-pressible?

NO

NO

YES

Solid Liquid Gas

•Particles are very closely packed together•Particles vibrate in a fixed position.

•Particles are slightly less closely packed•More movement of particles•Particles can flow past each other.

•Particles are very far apart•Lots of movement of particles•Most of the sample is actually empty space between the particles.

MixturesMade up of two or more pure

substances.Heterogeneous- mixture is not the

same from place to place – variable composition◦Ex: Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil.

Homogeneous- same composition throughout – uniform composition◦Ex: Kool-aid, air.

Every part keeps its original properties.

SubstancesElements- simplest kind of matter

◦Cannot be broken down into simpler◦All one kind of atom.

Compounds are substances that can be broken down by chemical methods◦When they are broken down, the

pieces have completely different properties than the compound.

◦Made of molecules- two or more atoms chemically bound together

ChangesPhysical changes - change that

changes appearances, without changing the substance.◦Examples? “Changes of state are

always physical changes!”

Chemical changes - change where a new substance is formed.◦Examples? Cooking, rotting

Indications of a chemical reaction

Energy absorbed or released (gets hotter or colder)

Drastic color changeOdor changePrecipitate- solid that separates

from solutionA gas is produced (bubbles)

Conservation of Mass Mass can not be created or

destroyed in ordinary (not nuclear) changes.

All the mass can be accounted for.