Upload
phamdung
View
220
Download
5
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Matter Matter: anything that takes up space and
has mass
Can you think of anything that is not made of matter?
Energy- which is a property of matter!!
Matter is made up of moving particles!
Instead of using the word moving, we use the kinetic because it is a science word for movement!
We have 1 main Theory for this unit! And we call it : The Kinetic Theory of Matter! The theory states that All matter
is made of tiny constantly moving particles.
This is because all matter is made of moving particles. The motion of the particles controls what the matter looks
like!
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter will become any or
sometimes all of these
States because they are
controlled by temperature
Temperature A physical property of matter that determines how much heat energy an object can contain. An example of this energy is how hot or cold an object can become.
Lets begin with… Solids Definite shape and volume
“Slow” vibration of particles
The bonded particles vibrate within the substance but lack enough energy to break free
State of Matter:
Liquids No definite shape: takes the shape of its container Definite volume “Medium” vibration of particles The particles have enough energy to break the bonds holding them together, not enough energy to escape from each other
Liquids The particles of a liquid can move pass one another in a process called flow or pour (flow can be any direction while pour is under the influence of gravity)
There is 1 main principal you need to remember about liquids:
* Archimedes’ principle: The buoyancy force on an object in a
fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
Buoyancy is the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it
Bill Nye: Buoyancy
State of Matter: Gases
No definite shape (takes the shape of its container) or volume (the particles can expand and contract to fill the space available)
“Fast” vibration of particles The particles have enough energy to separate completely from one another
State of Matter: Plasma
Is a super heated gas of positive & negative particles
When the molecules are traveling so fast, they begin to break apart and electrons become stripped from their atoms.
This is called ionization The fastest movement of particles & is the MOST common form in the universe!
Pressure: is a force
that can influence all states of matter!
Is caused by particles colliding with their environment or each other
It is measured in units
of Pascal (Pa): Equal to
1 newton per square meter (1 N = force needed to move 1 kg 1m/sec/sec)
Solid Liquid Gas
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/
http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/15.cfm?s=15&m=430&p=247,index
All matter changes into a new state, but there are names for each change and we call them a change Of phase.
The phase from…. Solid to Liquid: Melting
•Requires energy to break the physical bonds holding the particles together, this energy is called heat of fusion
The phase from….
Liquid to Gas: Vaporization Taking in Energy Takes place above the boiling point of the liquid
In order for the phase from Liquid
to Gas to occur energy is needed
to make the particles separate,
we call this heat of vaporization
The phase from….
Gas to Liquid: Condensation
Releases energy (heat of vaporization)
The same amount of energy is required to change from a liquid to a gas
The phase from…. Liquid to Solid:
Solidification (freezing)
Releases energy (heat of
fusion), the same amount of energy required to change from a solid to a liquid
(the heat of fusion in reverse)
The phase from….
Solid to Gas or Gas to Solid: Sublimation
A solid changes directly
to a gas without going through the liquid state
A gas changes directly to a solid without going through the liquid state
Heat of vaporization
• Energy to overcome attractive forces of cohesion and/or adhesion which holds the particles close together thus allowing them to completely separate from each other forming a gas
The behavior of attraction between molecules is determined by a change in temperature.
Molecules are held together by:
1.Cohesion
2.Adhesion
Cohesion is the attraction between the same kind of particles
Adhesion is the attraction between different kinds of particles