MATTER EXISTS IN DIFFERENT PHYSICAL STATES.

INTRODUCTION OF MATTER

Particle arrangement and motion determine the state of matter.

• States of matter are the different ___________ in which matter can exist.

• The familiar states are ________, __________, and _________.

• When a substance changes from one form to another, the ________________ of the molecules change.

Solid, liquid, and gas are common states of matter.

• A _______________is a substance that has a definite volume and a definite shape.

• The particles are __________together and can __________against each other while still in the same place.

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• A _____________has a definite volume, but does not have a definite shape. The particles are attracted to one another and are close together. They are not fixed in place and can move from one place to another.

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• A __________has no definite volume or shape. A gas can take on both the shape and the volume of a container. Gas particles are not close together and can move easily in any direction.

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The speed at which gas molecules move depends on the temperature of the gas.

• _____________is a measure of the average amount of kinetic energy(mass and speed) of the particles in an object.

Gas Behavior

• Gas molecules move __________at higher temperatures.

• The _________, __________, and _________________of a gas are related to one another, and changing on can change the others.

Two laws govern gases.

• ____________ law states that for a fixed amount of a gas kept at a constant temperature, pressure and volume are indirectly related. (One increases, the other decreases).

• ____________ law states for a fixed amount of a gas kept at a constant pressure, temperature and volume are directly related. (One increases, the other increases).

Use these words to fill-in the next page.

• Definite shape• Definite volume• Atoms• Matter• Particles move quickly• Particles close together• No definite volume• No definite shape• Particles slide past each

other

• We will use these words later--– Sublimation– Boiling– Freezing– Condensation– Melting– Evaporation

SOLID

LIQUIDGAS

MATTER HAS OBSERVABLE PROPERTIES

Properties of Matter

Matter has observable properties.

• The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance are called _________________properties.

• Examples: color, shape, size, texture, volume, and mass

Physical Changes

• A _________change is a change in any physical _____________of a substance.

• Example: stretching a rubber band

Chemical Properties and Changes

• ________________properties describe how substances can form ______substances.

• A chemical change is the change of one substance into ____________substance.

Examples of chemical changes:

• Burning wood, tarnished copper, dropping an antacid into water, rusted iron

Signs of a Chemical Change

• Production of an _________– a rotting egg produces the smell of sulfur

• Change in _______________– burning wood increases temperature

• Change in ____________– fruit may change color when it ripens

• Formation of _________– an antacid that comes in contact with water starts to bubble.

• Formation of a ________– shells of clams and mussels are precipitates

Put a GREEN circle around the physical changes and a RED box around the chemical changes.

PROPERTIES ARE USED TO IDENTIFY SUBSTANCES.

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Substances have characteristic properties.

• We can identify __________ substances by comparing their physical properties with the physical properties of known substances.

• Texture, shape, and color are all physical properties that you use all of the time to ____________and sort objects.

Properties Used for Identifying Substances

• ______________can be used to identify substances. – Example: You could see a difference between a

kilogram of liquid soap and a kilogram of honey by measuring their densities.

• ___________is a measure of how much of a substance dissolves in a given volume of liquid.

• Solubility can be used to identify substances.

• Some substances ____________ electricity better than others. – This is why conductivity can be used to identify a

substance.

• Some substances are attracted to __________, so we can use magnets to identify substances.

CHANGES OF STATE ARE PHYSICAL CHANGES.

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Matter can change from one state to another.

• When matter changes from one state to another, the substance itself does not change.

• Changing state is a ________change.

SOLID

LIQUID GAS

Melting

• ________________is a process by which a solid becomes a liquid.

• The ______________temperature at which a substance begins to melt is called its melting point.

Freezing

• ___________is the process by which a liquid becomes a solid.

• The temperature at which a specific liquid becomes a solid is called the freezing _________.

Evaporation

• __________is a process by which a liquid becomes a gas.

Sublimation

• __________is a process in which a solid turns directly into a gas without becoming a liquid first.

• Example: Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide.

Boiling

• ___________is a process by which a liquid becomes a gas.

• Boiling occurs when a _________reaches a certain temperature called the boiling point.

Condensation

• The process by which a gas changes its state to become a liquid is called ______________.

Phase Graph

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