Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc

Matter

Matter occupies space and has mass

Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Mass is different from weight

• mass is the measure of the quantity of matter in an object

• weight is the force that gravity exerts on an object

Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

– astronaut’s mass = 50 kg– astronaut’s weightearth

= 50 kg * 9.8 m/s2

Michelle Jose

anecdote (my hs home economics teacher):her teacher: matter is anything that occupies space and has (blank)my teacher (scanning through her textbook book, panicing): ma'am, wait!her teacher: that's correctthe definition of matter changed over time (supporting that science is tentative): back then, they thought that matter occupies space and has weight

On the moon, astronauts feel weightless

• weightmoon = 1/6 weightearth

http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/IMAGES/SMALL/GPN-2002-000146.jpg

Classification of matter

There are different ways to classify matter

• based on physical state (solid, liquid, gas)

• based on composition (substance, mixture)

Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

Classification of matterbased on physical state

(solid, liquid, gas)

Properties of a solid

• retains its own shape and volume• virtually incompressible• does not flow

Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

?

Properties of a liquid

• assumes the shape of the container• does not expand to fill container• virtually incompressible• flows readily


Properties of a gas

• assumes both the volume and shape of the container

• compressible• flows readily


Michelle Jose

show video on states of matter

Matter can change from one physical state to another

Chang, R. 2002. Chemistry 7th ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.

* Energy is the capacity to do work or to produce change. It may take different forms, and heat is one of them.


Michelle Jose

demo: to soda can, add iceput under bunsen burner (solid --> liquid)heat some more (liquid --> gas)once all the liquid has evaporated, immediately invert the can in a basin with water and icevideo: phase changesdefine these terms mentioned in the video (Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.):1) vapor pressure - the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase2) kinetic energy - the energy that an object possesses by virtue of its motion

Classification of matterbased on composition(substance, mixture)


Michelle Jose

while discussing this part, draw a flowchart on the board

A substance has definite or fixed composition which does not vary from one sample to another


gold water

Substances are further classified into two: elements and compounds


Elements are composed entirely of one type of atom

Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Compounds are made up of two or more different kinds of atoms that are combined in fixed ratios

Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Note: There is a difference between a compound and a molecule

• compound– made up of two or more different kinds of

atoms joined together


Note: There is a difference between a compound and a molecule

• molecule– made up of two or more atoms joined together– the atoms may be the same or different



A mixture has a composition that may vary from one sample to another


silver and gold silver and gold in water

Mixtures are further classified into two: homogeneous and heterogeneous


Homogeneous mixture has the same composition and properties throughout the solution


Michelle Jose

another example: saline solution (NaCl, aq)joke:NaCl(aq) NaCl(aq)---------------------- C C C C C C Cis read as "saline, saline, over the seven Cs (sailin' sailin' over the seven seas)"

Heterogeneous mixture varies in composition and/or properties from one part of the mixture to another



Brown, , E. LeMay, and B. Bursten. 2000. Chemistry: The Central Science. Phils: Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd.

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be given in two ways

• extensive or intensive property• physical or chemical property

Properties of matter(extensive or intensive property)

Extensive property depends on the amount of matter being considered

• values of the same extensive property may be added together


www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Cats/CatOnScale.jpg

Intensive property does not depend on the amount of matter being considered

• values of the same intensive property may not be added together

• extensive / extensive = intensive


Michelle Jose

example, densityimportance of density:-relate the history of Ivory, the soap that floatsversion 1: ivory soap --> history on soap that floats based on hearsayversion 2: accg to Chris Peabody: the soap was left mixing for an extended period of time. after this batch of soap was made, they rejected it. thus they threw it in the river and they floated. then a businessperson said, "wait a minute. that's marketable!"version 3: ivory soap --> press release on soap that floats-regardless of which version is true, "soap that floats" is a very catchy title because back then (that is, the 18th/19th century), people were washing their clothes in rivers among others. if their soap fell, it goes to the bottom of the river, making it hard to find. if they use ivory, it'll simply float

For next week meeting

• Bring your scientific calculator

Properties of matter(physical or chemical property)

Physical property can be measured without altering the composition or identity of a substance

• physical change: only alters the physical make-up of a substance


Chemical property cannot be measured without converting the substance into some other substance

• chemical change: changes the chemical make-up of a substance


Michelle Jose

demo on banana flambe

Documents

Matter. Matter occupies space and has mass Hill, J. and Petrucci, R. 1996. General Chemistry Instructor’s Edition.USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc