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Fungal Diversity
Mauritiana rh izoph orae gen. et sp. novo (Ascomycetes,Requienellaceae), with a list of terrestrial saprobic mangrovefungi
Asha D. Poonythl, Kevin D. Hyde2, Andre Aptrooe and Abed peerallyl
IFaculty of Science, The University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius2Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, TheUniversity of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; e-mail: [email protected] voor Schimmelcultures, p.a. Box 273, NL-3740 AG Baam, The Netherlands
Poonyth, A.D., Hyde, K.D., Aptroot, A. and Peerally, A. (2000). Mauritiana rhizophorae gen.et sp. novo (Ascomycetes, Requienellaceae), with a list of terrestrial saprobic mangrove fungi.Fungal Diversity 4: 101-116.
The new ascomycete genus Mauritiana is described. It is tentatively attributed to theRequienellaceae, but its relation to Passeriniella is also discussed. A list of all terrestrialmangrove fungi described so far is given.
Key words: Ascomycetes, mangrove fungi, Mauritiana, Mauritius, new genus, new species,Requienellaceae, review, saprobic, terrestrial.
IntroductionStudies on mangrove fungi have concentrated on the marine component of
the ecosystem (Hyde and Lee, 1995). There is also an important but poorlystudied part of the mangrove ecosystem that receives little or no salt spray andis virtually terrestrial (Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer, 1979). This habitat has beenneglected as far as saprobic fungi are concerned. Kohlmeyer (1969) reviewedthe terrestrial fungi on Avicennia sp., Hibiscus tiliaceus, Lagunculariaracemosa and Rhizophora mangle. George and Kenneally (1975) reportedNectria sp., Pseudofavolus tenus (Hook.) G.H. Cunn and Phellinus gilvus(Schw.) Pat. as terrestrial mangrove fungi. Terrestrial fungi have been reportedsporadically from mangrove trees throughout the literature. Table 1 lists theterrestrial fungi reported on major and minor mangrove components as well ason the mangrove associates. The inventory was abstracted from Saccardo'sSylloge Fungorum (Volumes 1-26), Saccardo's ommissions, Petraks lists(Volumes 1-8), Index of fungi (Volumes 1-6, 1991-1999) and other relevantliterature. Only the terrestrial fungi (excluding lichenized fungi) on obviousmangal hosts are given. The terrestrial mangrove fungi that have been reportedso far are mostly mitosporic and foliar.
101
Taxonomy
Mauritiana Poonyth, K.D. Hyde, Aptroot and Peerally, gen. novoEtymology: In reference to Mauritius where the fungus was first collected.Ascomata globosa vel obovata, immersa, ostiolata, gregaria. Asci 8-spori, bitunicati,
cylindricei vel cylindrico-clavati, dextrinoidei, ad apicem rotundati, et cum camera apiculi.Ascosporae fusiformae, ad extrema rotundatae, hyalinae, 9-13-distoseptatae, septae crassae etpigmentatae.
Ascomata globose to obovoid, immersed beneath thin, brown, non-coriaceous fungal tissue. Ostiole central, periphysate. Peridiumpseudostromatic, composed of several layers of thick-walled, elongated cells.Pseudoparaphyses filamentous, branched, septate, abundant. Asci 8-spored,bitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, dextrinoid (IKI(lugol)+brown), apexrounded, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores smooth, fusiform, with roundedends, hyaline to very pale brown, 9-13-distoseptate, non-amyloid (IKI-), septathick, with dark pigmentation, slightly constricted at middle septum.
Type species: Mauritiana rhizophorae A.D. Poonyth, K.D. Hyde, A. Aptroot and A.Peerally.
Mauritiana rhizophorae Poonyth, K.D. Hyde, Aptroot and Peerally, sp. novo(Figs. 1-11)
Etymology. In reference to the host, Rhizophora mucronata.Ascomata 390-410 /lm aIta, 310-325 /lm diam., globosa vel obovata, immersa, ostiolata,
gregaria. Peridium 40-60 /lm crassum. Asci 130-180 x 20-25 /lm (X = 156 x 21.8, n = 10), 8-spori, cylindricei vel cylindrico-c1avati, ad apicem rotundati, et cum camera apiculi.Ascosporae 29-40 x 9-13 /lm (X = 35.4 x 11 /lm, n = 20) fusiformae, ad extrema rotundatae,brunneae, ad apicem cellulae pallidae, 9-13-septatae, septae crassae, ad medium septum leviterconstrictae.
Ascomata 390-410 /lm high, 310-325 /lm diam., ovoid, immersed,substrate surface covered with a thin layer of brown pseudo stroma, gregarious(Fig. 1). Neck short, ostiolate, 40-60 /lm diam. (Fig. 1). Peridium 40-60 /lmwide, thicker around neck, pale brown, darker around neck, made up of thick-walled irregularly elongated cells not arranged in distinct layers (Fig. 2).Pseudoparaphyses 1.5-2 /lm diam., filamentous, septate, branched, numerous(Fig. 3). Asci 130-180 x 20-25 /lm (x = 156 x 21.8, n = 10), 8-spored,cylindrical or cylindric-clavate, apex rounded, with an ocular chamber, short-pedicellate, thick-walled (Figs. 4-6). Ascospores 29-40 x 9-13 /lm (x = 35.4 x11 /lm, n = 20), 2-3-seriate, smooth-walled, fusiform, with rounded ends, darkbrown with paler apical cells, 9-13-distoseptate, septa thick, slightly constrictedat middle septum, smooth-walled, lacking mucilaginous sheath (Figs. 7-11).
Host species: Rhizophora mucronata.Known distribution: Mauritius.
102
Fungal Diversity
Figs. 1-12. Mauritiana rhizophorae (from holotype). 1. Section through ascoma. Note the thinlayer of fungal tissue (pseudostroma?) on the host surface. 2. Peridium. 3. Paraphyses andimmature ascus. 4. Fissitunicate asci. 5-8. Ascospores with transverse septa and paler polar cells.9-12. Asci showing thickening of the apical wall. Bars: 1 = 40 !lm; 2, 4-12 = 10 !lm; 3 = 20 !lm.
103
Distribution References
Table]. Terrestrial mangrove fungi.
Host Fungi Niche
(A) Major componentsA vicelllliaceae
Avicennia spp. Eudimeriolum Leavesavicenniae Hansf.Inonotus Trunkcremeicinctus Corner
lrene sepulta (Pat.) LeavesToro
Avicennia Botrytis argillacea Barkeucalyptifolia var. avicenniae(Zipp.) McAlp.Moldenke
Tanzania
Singapore
Australia
Hansford, Mycological Papers15: 52 (1946)Corner, Beihefte zur NovaHedwigia 101: 71 (1991)(nom. invaI.)Patouillard, Illinois BiologicalMonographs 2: 14 (1916)
McAlpine, Proceeding of theRoyal Society of New SouthWales 22: 701 (1897)
Avicennia
germinans(L.) Steam
Avicenniamarina
(Forsk.)Vierh.
Sphaeronaemaavicenniae Gonz.
Frag. and Cif.
Cladosporiummarinum A.K. Pal
and Purkay
Leaves
Livingleaves
Dominican Gonzalez Fragoso and Ciferri,Republic Boletin de la Sociedad
Espanola de Historia Natural26: 477 (1926)
West Bengal, Pal and Purkay, Journal ofIndia; Hong Mycopathological ResearchKong 30: 175 (1992).
Fomes avicenniae TrunkBacc.
J\yphophora Leavesavicenniae B. Sutton
Somalia
Queensland,Australia
Baccarani, Mission Stefanini-Paoli: 193 (1916)Sutton, Sydowia 43: 268(1991)
CombretaceaeLaguncularia Botryosphaeria ribis -
racemosa (L.) (Tode : Fr.) Grossenb.Gaertn. and Duggar
Botryosphaeria ribis -var. chromogenaShear et al.
Helminthosporillmglabroides F. Stevens
104
Irene lagunculariae(Earle) ToroMeliola nigra F.Stevens
Micropeltislagllnclllariae G.Winter
Physalosporalagllncularia Rehm
Livingleaves
Livingleaves
Leaves
Seymour, Host index of theFungi of North America: 522(1929)Seymour, Host index of theFungi of North America: 522(1929)Seymour, Host index of theFungi of North America: 522(1929)
Porto Rico Earle, Muhlenbergia 1: 11(1901)
Porto Rico Stevens, Illinois BiologicalMonographs 2: 505 (1916)Seymour, Host index of theFungi of North America: 522(1929)
Brazil Rehm, Hedwigia 40: 113(1901)
Table 1. (continued).
Fungal Diversity
Host FungiNicheDistributionReferences
Schizothyrium
LeavesBrazilWinter, Hedwigia 29: 159
lagunculariae (G.
(1890)
Winter) v. Arx LumnitzeraMeliola pelliculosaLivingPhilippinesSydow and Sydow, Philippine
racemosa
Syd. and P. Syd.andJournal of Science 8: 480
Wild.wilting(1913)
leavesPalmae Nypa fruticansAstrosphaeriellaRachidBrunei,Cooke, Grevillea 16: 92 (1888)
(Thunb.)
nipicola (Cooke andIndonesia,Hyde and Frohlich, SydowiaWurmb.
Massee) K.D. HydeMalaysia50: 108(1997)and J. Frohl. Fasciatispora petrakii Rachid
MalaysiaHyde and Alias, Mycoscience
(Mhaskar and V.G.
40: 145 (1999)
Rao) K.D. Hyde Neolinocarpon
RachidMalaysiaHyde and Alias, Mycoscience
nypicola K.D. Hyde
40: 148 (1999)and Alias Oxydothis nypicola
RachidBruneiHyde, Sydowia 46: 298 (1994)
K.D. Hyde Rhipidocarpon
LeavesIndonesia,Patouillard, Annales du Jardin
javanicum (Pat.)
PhilippinesBotanique de Buitenzorg,
Theiss and Syd.
Suppl 1: 122 (1897)
Rhizophoraceae BruguieraPhyllostictina elodea DeadPhilippinesSydow, Annales Mycologici
gymnorrhiza
Syd. leaves30: 110(1932)
(L.) Lamk. BruguieraHelminthosporiumLanguidSingaporeSaccardo, Bulletino dell' Orto
hainesii e.G. subsimile Sacc.
and deadBotanico della Universita di
Rogers
leavesNapoli 6: 61 (1918)
Meliola bruguierae
LeavesPhilippinesSydow, Leaflet of Philippine
Syd.
Botany 9: 3116 (1925)
Podosporium consors Languid
SingaporeSaccardo, Bulletin. OrtoSacc.
leavesBotanico della Universita
Napoli 6: 63 (1918)Ceriops tagal
Meliola ceriopsisLivingBruneiHansford, Sydowia 10: 68
(Perr.) e.B.
Hansf. leaves(1957)Robinson Meliola elodea Syd.
LeavesBorneoSydow, Annales Mycologici
36: 87 (1928)Rhizophora L.
AscochytellaLivingDominicanGonzalez Fragoso and Ciferri,
rhizophoropsis Cif.
leavesRepublicBoletin de la Sociedad
and Gonz. Frag.
Espanola de Historia Natural
276: 76 (1926)
105
Table 1. (continued).
Host
FungiNicheDistributionReferences
Tremates rhizophorae Trunk
Papua NewReichardt, Fungi, Hepaticae etReich.
GuineaMusci: 139 (1870)
Rhizophora
CercosporaLeavesFloridaCreager, Mycologia 54: 536
mangle
rhizophorae Creager (1962)
Crepidotus
DeadFlorida,Singer, Zeitschrift fUrkrieglsteineri Singer
woodU.S.A.Mykologie 54: 70 (1988)
Leptothyrium
LeavesDominicanGonzalez Fragoso and Ciferri,rhizophorae Gonz.
RepublicPublicaciones del Estacion
Frag. and Cif.Agronomia de Moca, Ser B.
13: 14 (1928)Pestalotia
-- Guba, Monograph of
disseminata Thtim.Monochaetia and Pestalotia:
140 (1961)Pestalotia guepini
-- Seymour, Host index of the
Desm.Fungi of North America: 522
(1929)Pestalotia
-- Guba, Monograph of
longiaristata Maubl.
Monochaetia and Pestalotia:
244 (1961)Pestalotia versicolor -
-Guba, Monograph of
Speg.
Monochaetia and Pestalotia:
233 (1961)Pestalotia
-- Guba, Monograph of
zahlbruckneriana
Monochaetia and Pestalotia:
Henn.187 (1961)
Phellinus gilvus
-- Kohlmeyer, Transactions of
(Schw.) Pat.the British Mycological
Society 53: 243 (1969)Phoma rhizophorae
DeadWest AfricaTassi, Bulletino delF. Tassi
branchLaboratorio ed Orto Botanicodella Real Universita di Siena3: 145 (1899)Phomopsis
BrazilBatista et al., Anais darhizophorae Bat. and
Sociedade de Biologia deH.Maia
Pemambuco 13: 193 (1955)
Physalospora
-BrazilBatista et al., Anais da
rhizophorae Bat. and
Sociedade de Biologia deH. Maia
Pernambuco 13: 195 (1955)
Physalosporopsis
-BrazilBatista et al., Anais darhizophoricola Bat.
Sociedade de Biologia deand H. Maia
Pernambuco 13: 83 (1955)
Psathyrella
DeadHawaiiSinger, Beiheft Sydowia 7: 74
rhizophorae Singer
young(1973)
plants
106
Fungal DiversityTable 1. (continued).
Leaves Ryukyu Kobayashi and Onuki, ReportsIsland, Japan of the Tottori Mycological
Institute 28: 160 (1990)
Fungi Niche
Pterosporidium Livingrhizomorphae leaves(Kunze) W.H. Ho andK.D. HydePterosporidium Livingrhizophorae (Currey) leavesW.H. Ho and K.D.
HydeTrametes rhizophorae -Reich.
Host
Rh izoph oraracemosa
Meyer
Rhizophorastylosa Griff.
SonneratiaceaeSonneratia
caseolaris
(L.) Engl.
Sonneratia sp.
PseudocercosporarhizophoricolaDeighton
Phyllostictahiratsukae Kobay.and Onuki
Polystigmasonneratiae Petr.
Polystigmasonneratiae Petr.
Leaves
Leaves
Leaves
Distribution
Bermuda
Sierra Leone
Philippines
Queensland,Australia
References
Ho and Hyde, CanadianJournal of Botany 74: 1827(1996)
Ho and Hyde, CanadianJournal of Botany 74: 1828(1996)
Reichart, Fungi, Hepaticae etMusci: 139 (1870)
Deighton, Mycological Papers140: 86 (1976)
Sydow and Petrak, AnnalesMycologici 29: 214 (1931);Hyde and Cannon, AustralianSystematic Botany 5: 415(1992)
Hyde and Cannon, AustralianSystematic Botany 5: 415(1992)
(B) Minor componentsEuphorbiaceae
Excoecaria Colletotrichum sp.agallocha L.
Pestalotiopsisagallochae A.K. Paland Purkay.Pseudocercosporasp.Skierka agallochaRacib.
LivingleavesLeaves
LivingleavesLeaves
Hong Kong Ho and Hyde, unpublished
West Bengal, Pal and Purkayastha, JournalIndia of Mycopathological Research
30: 173 (1992; nom. inval.)Hong Kong Ho and Hyde, unpublished
Java Raciborski, Bulletininternationale de I' Academiede Sciences Cracovie, Classemathematique et nature: 275(1909)
107
Table 1. (continued).
Distribution References
Hong Kong Ho and Hyde, unpublished
Host FungiMeliolaceae
Xylocarpus Meliola elodea Syd.granatumKonig
MyrsinaceaeAegiceras Glomerella sp.
corniculatum
(L.) BlancoLasiothyriumcycloschizon Syd.and P. Syd.Mycosphaerella sp.
Niche
Leaves
Livingleaves
Livingand deadleaves
Livingleaves
Borneo
Manila,Philippines
Hong Kong
Annales Mycologici 26: 87(1928)
Sydow, Philippine Journal ofScience, Section C, Botany 8:503 (1913)Ho and Hyde, unpublished
Phaeothyriumpulchellum Petr.Setella halophila F.E. -Fisher
Seaver and Waterston,Mycologia 33: 311 (1941)
Fisher, Proceedings of theRoyal Society Victoria, NS 62:159 (1950)Berkeley, Australian Fungi:313 (1881)
Petrak, Sydowia 1: 12 (1947)
Bermuda
Australia
Hong Kong Ho and Hyde, unpublished
Florida, USA Tracy and Earle, Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club 32:186(1901)
Venezuela Chupp and Muller, Boletin dela Sociedad Venezolana deCiencias Naturales 8: 42
(1942)Bermuda Roane, Chestnut blight, other
Endothia diseases, and thegenus Endothia: 36 (1986)
Bermuda Seaver and Waterston,Mycologia 34: 517 (1942);Dumont, Mycologia 68: 239(1976)
Bermuda Seaver and Waterston,Mycologia 38: 196 (1946)
Hainan,China
Queenland,Australia
Deadleaves
Leaves
Leaves
Livingleaves
Bark
Mycosphaerella sp.
Moellerodiscus
conocarpi(Seaverand Waterston)DumontSchizotrichum Fallen
conocarpi Seaver and decayingWaterston leaves
Stictis conocarpiSeaver and Waterston
Endothiellacoccolobii Roane
Acanthostigmaconocarpi Tracy andEarle
Cercosporaconocarpi Chupp andMuller
Sphaerostilbe dubiaBerk.
(C) Mangrove associatesAcanthaceaeAcanthus
ilic ifolius L.Combretaceae
Conocarpuserectus L.
108
Fungal DiversityTable 1. (continued).
Diplodia catappae NutsCookeFomes terminaliae S. -Ito and M. Imai
Cercospora catappae LeavesHenn.
Cercospora Leavesgeraisensis Chupp
Fusicoccum Leaves
microspermum Har.and P. Karst.
Gloeosporium Leavesterminaliae Syd. andE.J. ButlerGnomoniella Leaves
catappae Koord.
Brazil
Japan
Burma
References
Katumoto and Harada,Transactions of the
Mycological Society of Japan20: 418 (1979)Hennings, BotanischeJahrbticher: 56 (1903)Chupp, A Monograph of theFungus Genus Cercospora:115(1954)
Bengal, India Cooke, Grevillea 4: 114(1876)Ito and Imai, Transactions ofthe Sapporo Natural HistorySociety 16: 125 (1940)
Dominican Hariot and Karsten,Republic Revue Mycologique 12: 128
(1890)Sydow and Butler, AnnalesMycologici 14: 219 (1916)
Java Koorders, Verhandelingen derKoninklijke Akademie vanWetenschappen te Amsterdam,Tweede Sectie, 13: 193 (1907)
Zanzibar
Distribution
Bonin
Islands,Japan
Niche
LeavesFungi
Apiognomoniaterminaliae Katum.and Y. Harada
Host
Terminalia
catappa L.
Harknessiaterminaliae Sawada
Hendersonia
catappae Petr.Hyphodermavulkanense Gilb. andAdask.
Peroneutypellagraphidioides Syd.Phomopsisterminaliae (P. Henn)B. Sutton.
Leaves
LanguidleavesDead
plant
Deadwood
Taiwan
Philippines
Hawaii
Philippines
Brazil andZambia
Sawada, Special Publicationsof the College of Agricultureof the National Taiwan
University 8: 160 (1959; nom.inval.)Petrak, Annales Mycologici26: (1928)Gilbertson and Adaskaveg,Mycotaxon 49: 376 (1993)
Sydow, Philippine Journal ofScience, Sect. C, 9: 163 (1914)Hennings, Hedwigia 48: 14(1908); B. Sutton, TheCoelomycetes, Fungiimpecfecti with pycnidia,acervuli and stromata: 573
(1980)
109
Table 1. (continued).
Trametes demoulinii DeadG. Castillo wood
Phyllosticta latispora LeavesVerwoerd and DuPlessis
Phyllosticta catappae LeavesSyd.Polyrhizon Leavesterminaliae (Syd.)Theiss. and Syd.Pseudocercospora Leavescatappae Goh andW.H. Hsieh
Ramularia catappae LeavesRacib.
Sphacelomaterminaliae Bitanc.
Host Fungi
Phomopsisterminaliae Sawada
Niche
Leaves
Distribution
Taiwan
South Africa
Burma
India
Taiwan
Java
Brazil
Papua NewGuinea
References
Sawada, Special Publicationsof the College of Agricultureof the National Taiwan
University 8: 160 (1959; nom.inval.)Verwoerd and Du Plessis,South African Journal of
Science 7: 230 (1909)Sydow, Annales Mycologici14: 181 (1916)Sydow and Butler, AnnalesMycologici 9: 401 (1911)
Goh and Hsieh, Cercosporaand Similar Fungi fromTaiwan: 57 (1990)Raciborski, Parasitische Algenund Pilze Javas 2: 41 (1900)Bitancourt, Archivos doInstituto Biologico 8: 197(1937)Castillo, Mycotaxon 51: 479(1994)
EupllOrbiaceaeHippomane
mancinellaeL.
Ganoderma Dry trunk Grenadapulverulentum Murill
Meliola hippomaneae Living PanamaStevens leaves
Murrill, Bulletin of the TorreyBotanical Club 35: 121 (1908)
Stevens, Annales Mycologici26: 284 (1928)
Goodeniaceae
Scaevola Hyphodermataccada scaevolae Boidin and
(Gaertn.) GillesRoxb.
GuttiferaeCalophyllum Dwibeeja sundara Bark
inophyllum L. Subram.Exosporiumcalophylli Syd.
Gloeosporium Fruitscalophylli Trel.
Macrophomacalophylli Syd.
110
Reunion
Singapore
Philippines
CarolineIsland
India
Boidin and Gilles,Cryptogamie, Mycologie 12:121 (1991)
Subramanian, Cryptogamie,Mycologie 13: 117 (1992)Sydow and Sydow, PhilippineJournal of Science, Sect. C, 9:163 (1914)Trelease, Report of the EclipseExpedition to Caroline Island:90 (1883)Sydow, Annales Mycologici14: 188 (1966)
Fungal Diversity
Table 1. (continued). Host
FungiNicheDistributionReferences
Polyporus ramosii
DeadPhilippinesMurril1, Bul1etin of the Torrey
(Murril1) Sacc. and
woodBotanical Club 35: 400 (1908)Trotter
Calophyllum
Haplographium-Mauritius
Wiehe, Mycological Papersinophyllum
calophylli Wiehe 29: 5 (1949)var. tacamahaLecythidaceaeBarringtonia
GloeosporiumLeavesHawaiiStevens and Young, Bernice
asiaticae (L.) barringtoniae
Bishop Museum Bul1etin 19:Kurz.
Stevens and Young 144(1925)
Barringtonia
ScolecotrichumLeavesMadagascarViennot-Bourgin, Bul1etin deracemosa
barr ingtoniae la Societe Mycologique de
(L.) Spreng.
Viennot-Bourgin France 79: 108 (1963)
Leguminosae (Cae~'alp illuideae)CaesalpiniaHelminthosporiumLeavesBrazilHennings, Hedwigia 43: 95
bonduc (L.)
bonducellae Henn. (1904)Roxb.
Hennings, Hedwigia 47: 260(1908)Sydow and Sydow, Hedwigia40: 64 (1901)
Petrak and Ciferri, AnnalesMycologici 30: 210 (1932)
Stevens, Botanical Gazette 69:256 (1920)Petrak and Cifferi, Annales
Mycologici 30: 155 (1932)Rehm, Philippine Journal ofScience, Ser. C, 8: 181 (1913)
Kenya andMadagascar
Philippines
Hong Kong Ho and Hyde, unpublished;Cannon, Mycological Papers163: 194 (1991)
Dominican
RepublicPhilippines
Dominican
Republic
Puerto Rico
West Bengal, Yen, Kar and Das, MycotaxonIndia 16: 84 (1982)
Leaves
Livingleaves
Livingleaves
Livingleaves
Leaves
Leaves
Phyllachora yapensis Livingsubsp. pongamiae leaves(Berk. and Br.) P.F.Cannon
Asterina derridisHenn.
Hapalophragmium Livingderridis H. and P. leaves
Syd.
Derris trifoliataLour.
Phaeoisariopsiscaesalpiniae lM.Yen, A.K. Kar, B.K.Das
Phyllosticta bonducStevens
Asterina ciferianaPetr.Meliola
cylindrophora Rehm
(Papilionoideae)Dalbergia Mycosphaerella
ecastophylla devia Petr. and Cif.(L.) Taub.
Derris sp.
Caesalpiniacrista L.
111
Ta ble 1. (continued).
Dry twigs India
Soni, Dadwal and Jamaluddin,Current Science 52: 601
(1983)Agarwal and Gypli,Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences of India,Sect. B, Biological Sciences58: 341 (1988)Ram and Mallaiah,Mycological Research 97: 127(1993)
Berkeley and Broome, FungiofCeylon # 839 (1880)Raciborski, Parasitische Algenund Pilze Javas 3: 36 (1900)Ramchandra Rao,Mycopathologia et MycologiaApplicata 28: 359 (1966)Nag Raj and Ponnappa,Current Science 37: 417(1968)
Singapore
French
Polynesia
References
Saccardo, Bulletino dell' OrtoBotanico della RegiaUniversita di Napoli 24: 18(1918)Saccardo, Bulletino dell' OrtoBotanico della RegiaUniversita di Napoli 24: 18(1918)
New Guinea Hennings, BotanischeJahrbticher der Systematik 18,Beibl. 44: 40
Patouillard, Bulletin de laSociete Mycologique deFrance 22: 46 (1906)
West Bengal, Kar and Mandal, TransactionsIndia of the British Mycological
Society 53: 351 (1969)Berkeley and Broome, Fungiof Ceylon # 1128 (1880)
India
Sri Lanka
India
Java
India
India
Sri Lanka
Fruit
Fruit
Leaves
Niche Distribution
Cortex of Singaporerottingfruit
Leaves
Pods
Leaves
Deadbranches
Leaves
Gloeosporiuminocarpi Sacc.
Fungi
Diplodia inocarpiSacc.
Mapea radiata Pat.
Helotium inocarpiHenn.
Cercosporapongamiae A.K. Karand M. Mandal
Cryptomycespongamiae (Berk.and Br.) Sacc.Dothiorella indica
Soni, Dadwal andJamaluddin
Eutypella pongamiaeG.P. Agarwal andGypli
Pseudocercospora Livingpongamiae-pinnatae leavesM.R. Ram andMallaiahRavenaLia sriClicaBerk. and Br.
Stigmatea pongamiae LeavesRacib.
TryblidariapongamiaeRamchandra RaoUrohendersonia
pongamiae Nag Rajand Ponnappa
Host
lnocarpusfagifer(Parkinson)Fosberg
Pongamiapinnata (L.)Pierre
112
Fungal DiversityTable 1. (continued).
Cercospora hibiscina Leaves MexicoElIis and Everh.
Colletotrichum
-Brazil
hibiscicola Rangel Dacrymyces
DeadTahitiintermedius L.S.
twigOlive Diplodia natalensis
Gloeosporium
LivingFormosahibisci-tiliacea
leavesSawada
Gnomoniella hibisci
-Taiwan
Sawada
Melio/a procera Cif. -
Meliola triumfettae F. LeavesStevens
Botryosphaeria ribis -var. chromogenaShear, N.E. Stevensand Wilcox
Capnobotrys hibisci LeavesMercado
Cercospora hibisci LeavesTracy and Earle
Gilbertson and Adaskaveg,Mycotaxon 49: 377 (1993)Hansford, Sydowia 10: 44(1957)Petch, Annals of the RoyalBotanic Gardens Peradenyia 9:320 (1925)Ciferri, Annales Mycologici36: 220 (1938)Stevens, Illinois BiologicalMonograph 2: 498 (1916)
Pole-Evans, TransvaalAgricultural Journal 4: 15(1905)Sawada, Report of theDepartment of Agriculture,Government Research
Institute, Formosa 51: 106(1931)Sawada, Journal of theTaihoku Society ofAgriculture and Forestry 7:126(1942)Gilbertson and Adaskaveg,Mycotaxon 49: 374 (1993)
Mercado, Acta BotanicaCubana 23: 2 (1984)Tracy and Earle, Bulletin ofthe Torrey Botanical Club1895: 179(1895)Ell is and Everhart,Proceedings of the Academyof National Sciences,Philadelphia 4: 38 (1895)Rangel, Boletim deAgricultura 16: 321 (1915)Olive, Bulletin of the TorreyBotanical Club 85: 108 (1958)
Shear, Stevens and Wilcox,Journal of AgriculturalResearch 28: 589 (1924)
Dominican
RepublicPuerto Rico
Sri Lanka
Hawaii
Puerto Rico
Hawaii
Louisina,D.S.A.
Cuba
Distribution References
DeadbranchesLeaves
Leaves
Niche
HyphodermacrystallophorumGilb. and Adask
Hyphodontia alohaGilb. and Adask.
Irenopsis mollerianavar. major Hansf.Lasionectriadothideicola Petch
FungIHost
MalvaceaeHibiscus
tiliaceus L.
113
Table 1. (continued).
Host
FungiNicheDistributionReferences
Mollisia petiolorum
-HawaiiCash, Mycologia 30: 103Cash.
(1938)Patellaria atrata
-- Cash, Mycologia 30: 103
(Hedw.) Fr.(1938)
Phyllachora minuta
-- Hennings, Hedwigia 41: 143Henn.
(1902)Phragmodothis
LeavesTaiwanSawada, Special Publicationshibisci Sawada
of the College of Agricultureof the National TaiwanUniversity 8: 55 (1959; nom.inva!.)Physalospora fusca
-- Stevens and Shear, MycologiaStevens and Shear
18: 210 (1926)Physalospora hibisci Leaves
JavaRaciborski, Parasitische AIgenRacib.
und Pilze Javas I: 17 (1900)Sebacina gloeofilum
DeadTahitiOlive, Bulletin of the TorreyL.S. Olive
branchBotanical Club 85: 22 (1958)Sebacina minima
RottingTahitiOlive, Bulletin of the TorreyL.S. Olive
woodBotanical Club 85: 89 (1958)Tulasnella bifrons
-Bourdot and Galzin, BulletinBourdot and Galzin
de la Societe Mycologique deFrance 29: 264 (1923)Tulasnella pacifica
DeadTahitiOlive, Mycologia 49: 665L.S. Olive
wood(1957)Tulasnella violea
-- Bourdot and Galzin, Bulletin(Que!.) Bourdot and
de la Societe Mycologique deGalzin
France 25: 31 (1909)Pavonia spicata Meliola pavoniae Cif. -
DominicanCiferri, Mycopathologia 7:Cav.
Republic170 (1954)Thespesia
AscochytellaLeavesDominicanGonzalez Fragoso and Ciferri,populnea (L.) thespesiae Frag and
RepublicBoletin de la SociedadSolander
Cif. Espanola de Historia Natural28: 139(1928)Botryodiplodia
DeadDominicanPetrak and Ciferri, Annalesthespesiae Petr. and
branchRepublicMycologici 28: 408 (1930)Cif. Cercosporella
-IndiaThiromalachar andthespesiae
Narasimhan, Sydowia 4: 66Thirumalachar and
(1950)Narasimhan Haplosporella
LeavesDominicanCiferri, Sydowia 10: 155thespesiae Cif.
Republic(1957)Hemidothis
LeavesDominicanCiferri, Sydowia 10: 157pellitiformis Cif.
Republic(1957)
114
Fungal Diversity
Table 1. (continued).
Host Fungi Niche
Phomopsis thespesiae LeavesPadmabai Luke and
Narayana ReddySeptoria thespesiaeT.S. and K.Ramakrishna
Distribution
India
India
References
Padmabai Luke and NarayanaReddy, Current Science 48:590(1979)Ramakrishna and
Ramakrishna, Proceedings ofthe National Academy ofSciences of India 26: 11
(1947)
Rhabdospora Dry Portugalphoenicis Almo and branchL. Campb.
Palmae
Oncospermatigillarium(Jack) Ridl.
Phoenixreclinata
Jacq.
Dictyochaetatumidoseta Kuthub.and Nawawi
Exosporium preisiiBubak
Deadraches
Leaves
Malaysia Kuthubutheen and Nawawi,
Myco10gical Research 95:1215 (1991)
Bubak, Annales Myco10gici 2:460 (1904)
A1mo and Campbell, Bo1etimda Sociedade Broteriana 25:
55 (1909)
SapindaceaeAllophyllus Cercospora
cobbe (L.) BI. allophylorum Karand Mandal
West Bengal, Kar and Manda1, IndianIndia Phytopathology 26: 679
(1973)
Material examined: MAURlTIUS, Grand Gaube, Me1ville mangrove, on deaddecorticated Rhizophora mucronata wood still attached to living tree, Jan. 1995, A.D. Poonyth[HKU(M) 10219, HOLOTYPE].
DiscussionThe genus Mauritiana is introduced to accommodate the present collection
of an undescribed fungus. Mauritiana is placed in the Pyrenulales s.s.(Melanommatales s.l.; Dothideales s.l.) as it has immersed ascomata, interascaltissue composed of branched pseudoparaphyses, thick-walled, tissitunicateasci, and brown, septate ascospores constricted at the middle septum(Hawksworth et al., 1995). The relationships of Mauritiana are unclear, but itseems closest to Requienella in the Requienellaceae (Boise, 1986; Aptroot,1991), because of the distoseptate, dextrinoid ascospores and the broad cellularpseudoparaphyses. It mainly differs by the partly hyaline ascospores which aremainly pigmented at the septa. It is thus related with lichenized fungi andseems best accommodated in the Requienellaceae. An attempt to identify thefungus using Luttrell's (1973) key for Loculoascomycetes led to the genusPasseriniella Berl. Ascomata of Passeriniella are immersed beneath a thin
stroma, are composed of two distinct layers and have a relatively long,
115
erumpent, ostiolate neck, while those of Mauritiana are immersed beneath a
thin layer of non-coriaceous fungal tissue and have only a short neck openingon the surface of the host (Hyde and Mouzouras, 1988). Both genera havetransversely septate, brown ascospores, with paler apical cells, but theascospores of Passeriniella are 3-septate, while those of Mauritiana have 9-13septa (Hyde and Mouzouras, 1988; Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer,1991). The family arrangement of Passeriniella is uncertain (Hawkworth et al.,1995) and this is true of Mauritiana. Passeriniella savoryellopsis K.D. Hydeand Mouzouras and P. obiones (Crouan and Crouan) K.D. Hyde andMouzouras, the only species two species comprising the genus Passeriniella,have been reported from intertidal mangroves (Hyde and Mouzouras, 1988;Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, 1991).
One hundred and sixty-three fungi are listed from mangroves andmangroves associates in Table 1.
AcknowledgementsThe Tertiary Education Commission of Mauritius is thanked for fmancial support for this
work. Helen Leung is thanked for technical assistance.
References
Aptroot, A. (1991). A monograph of the Pyrenulaceae (excluding Anthracothecium andPyrenula) and the Requienellaceae, with notes on the Pleomassariaceae, theTrypetheliaceae and Mycomicrothelia (lichenized and non-lichenized ascomycetes).Bibliotheca Lichenologica44: 1-178.
Boise, 1. (1986). Requienellaceae, a new family of Loculoascomycetes. Mycologia 78: 37-41.George, A.S. and Keneally, K.F. (1975). The flora of the Prince Regent river reserve.
Dissertation, The University of Hong Kong.Hawksworth, D.L., Kirk, P.M., Sutton, RC. and Pegler, D.N. (1995). Ainsworth and Bisby's
Dictionary ofthe Fungi. 8th edn. Cambridge University Press, CAB International, U.K.Hyde, K.D. and Lee, S.Y. (1995). Ecology of mangrove fungi and their role in nutrient cycling:
what gaps occur in our knowledge? Hydrobiologia 295: 107-118.Hyde, K.D. and Mouzouras, R. (1988). Passeriniella savoryellopsis sp. nov., a new
ascomycete from intertidal mangrove wood. Transactions of the British MycologicalSociety 91: 179-185.
Kohlmeyer, 1. (1969). Ecological notes on fungi in mangrove forests. Transactions of theBritish Mycological Society 53: 237-250.
Kohlmeyer, 1. and Kohlmeyer, E. (1979). Marine Mycology. The Higher Fungi. AcademicPress, New York.
Kohlmeyer, 1. and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B. (1991). Illustrated key to the higher marine fungi.Botanica Marina 34: 1-61.
Luttrell, E. S. (1973). Loculoascomycetes. In: The fungi. A taxonomic review with keys. VolumelVB (eds. G.c. Ainsworth, F.K. Sparrow and A.S. Sussman). Academic Press, London,U.K.: 135-222.
(Received 10 Jan. 2000, accepted 21 Feb. 2000)
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