Curso Antropologia e Meio Ambiente - HZ566A
Mauro AlmeidaPage 1 of 712/2/2007
Conservao e Populaes Tradicionais
Mauro W B de Almeida
email:[email protected]
Dias: 26 de fevereiro a 2 de maro
30 hs
Este curso tratar de conceitos e prticas relativas a populaes
tradicionais e paisagens naturais, com a ateno dirigida para
polticas de conservao no Brasil atual. O ponto de partida a
existncia de conflitos em torno do uso de territrios e de recursos
naturais. Pode haver conflito, por exemplo, quando se trata de
escolher entre melhorar a vida humana localmente utilizando
recursos naturais como meios para o desenvolvimento econmico, e
contribuir para a qualidade de vida do planeta conservando a
natureza. Pode tambm ocorrer, em vez de conflito, negociaes e
arranjos para conciliar as propostas conflitantes. Uma
caracterstica desses conflitos em nosso pas que ele envolve como
atores pessoas pobres e excludas que, no decurso dessas negociaes e
arranjos, criam novos modos de ao coletiva e modificam suas
identidades. Os processos em jogo envolvem portanto no apenas de um
lado os socialmente excludos e de outro a natureza, mas a gnese de
novas categorias sociais e a reinterpretao do significado da prpria
natureza.
Na primeira parte do curso, trataremos de abordagens tericas
sobre a relao entre populaes pobres e os recursos naturais. As duas
primeiras abordagens so da ao racional (neomalthusiana) e a
culturalista; a terceira introduz fatores polticos e institucionais
na discusso. Na segunda parte do curso, trataremos de exemplificar
o rendimento dessas abordagens com exemplos de movimentos sociais
onde se combinam questes ambientais e questes sociais.
O curso constar de aulas expositivas com espao para perguntas e
discusso. Haver apresentao de filmes e data-shows.
Ementa do curso
Parte I: conceitos e controvrsias
1. Introduo (data-show)
2. Dilemas de ao coletiva
Leituras:
Hardin, Garret. [1968]. The Tragedy of the Commons. Science,
1968. (Em espanhol e ingls)
McCay, Bonnie J. e James M. Acheson (orgs.). 1990. The Question
of the Commons: The Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources.
Tucson: The University of Arizona Press. [Leitura:
Introduction.]
Leituras adicionais:
Brandon, Karina, Kent H. Redford e Steven E. Sanderson (orgs).
1998. Parks in Peril: People, Politics and Protected Areas.
Washington, The Nature Conservancy and Island Press. [Leitura: dois
ltimos captulos].
3. Culturas de conservao
Leituras:
Descola, Philippe. 1982. La Nature Domestique. Captulos 8
(Categorias da Prtica), Captulo 9 (A boa vida) e Concluso. [Texto
disponvel em espanhol e em ingls]Manuela Carneiro da Cunha e Mauro
W. B. Almeida. Introduo em A Enciclopdia da Floresta. So Paulo,
Companhia das Letras, 2004.
Diegues, Antonio Carlos. 1998. O Mito Moderno da Natureza
Intocada. So Paulo, Hucitec. Leituras Indicadas: Captulo V,
pp.63-74 e Captulo VI, pp. 75-98.
Leituras adicionais:
Diegues, Antonio C. e Paulo J. Nogara. 1999 O Nosso Lugar Virou
Parque, 2. ed. So Paulo, Ncleo de Apoio Pesquisa sobre Populaes
Humanas e reas midas Brasileiras (NAPHAUB)/USP. Cap. 2, Os Diversos
Espaos Humanizados, pp. 31-38; Cap. 5, O Modo de Vida e as
Tecnologias Caiaras, pp. 79-91; Cap. 8 Sistemas de Acesso Terra e
aos Recursos Naturais, pp. 133-140.
Brightman, Robert. 1993. Grateful Prey. Rock Cree Human-Animal
Relationships. Berkeley, University of California Press.
Descola , Philippe. 1994. Homeostasis as a cultural system: the
Jvaro case. Anna C. Roosevelt, ed, Amazonian Indians from
Prehistory to the Present. Tucson: Univ. Ariz. Press, pp. 203 -224.
[Texto digital]
Bale, William L. 1989. The culture of Amazonian forests. In
Posey Darrel A., Bale, William L., eds. 1989. Resource management
in Amazonia: indigenous and folk strategies. Adv. Econ. Bot. 7:pp.
1-21.[Texto digital]
Bale, William. 1999. Footprints of the Forest. New York,
Columbia University Press. Chapter 6 (Indigenous Forest Management,
pp. 116-165).
3. Enfoques institucionais
Ferreira, Leila da Costa e Eduardo Viola (orgs.). Incertezas de
Sustentabilidade na Globalizao. Campinas, Editora da Unicamp, 1996.
Captulos: Lcia da Costa Ferreira, Os ambientalistas, os direitos
sociais e o universo da cidadania. Antonio Carlos Diegues: O mito
do paraso desabitado: as reas naturais protegidas.
Brandon, Karina, Kent H. Redford e Steven E. Sanderson (orgs).
1998. Parks in Peril: People, Politics and Protected Areas.
Washington, The Nature Conservancy and Island Press.
Vieira, Paulo Freire, Fikret Berkes e Cristiana S. Seixas. Gesto
Integrada e Participativa de Recursos Naturais. Conceitos, Mtodos e
Experincias. Florianpolis, APED e Editora Secco, 2005. Capitulo 1,
Capitulos 3-5.
4. Movimentos sociais
Keck, Margaret. Social Equity and Environmental Policy in
Brazil: Lessons from the Rubber Tappers in Acre. Comparative
Politics, vol. 27, no.4. July 1995, 409-424.
Mauro W. B. Almeida. A poltica da conservao ambiental na
Amaznia: a luta dos seringueiros. Revista Brasileira de Cincias
Sociais.Carneiro da Cunha, Manuela and Mauro W. B. de Almeida.
2000. Indigenous People, Traditional People and Conservation in the
Amazon. Daedalus/Journal of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, vol.129, n.2, pp. 315-338.
Leituras adicionais:
Schmink, Marianne and Charles H. Wood. Contested Frontiers in
Amazonia. New York, Columbia University Press. 1992. Cap. 1:
Contested Frontiers in Amazonia: Artigos em Razes; e em Boletim
Amaznico Introduction (pp. 1-19).
Parte 2. Ambiente e movimentos sociais na prtica.
5. Reservas extrativistas
Required readings:
Almeida, M. W. B. 2002. The Politics of Amazonian Conservation:
The Struggles of Rubber Tappers. The Journal of Latin American
Anthropology 7(1):170-219, 2002.
Allegretti, M. H. (1990). Extractive reserves: An alternative
for reconciling development and environmental conservation in
Amazonia. Alternatives to Deforestation: Steps toward Sustainable
Use of the Amazonia Rain Forest. A. B. Anderson. New York, NY,
Columbia University Press: 252-264.
Little, P. (2001). Amazonia: Territorial Struggles on Perennial
Frontiers. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Chapter 3
(Saving the Rain Forest, pp. 131-186).
ManuelRuiz-Prez, MauroAlmeida et alii. 2005. Conservation and
Development in Amazonian Extractive Reserves: The Case of Alto
Juru. Ambio, Volume 34, Number 3, May2005, pages 218223.
Filmes:
Adrian Cowell. Decade of Destruction. The Killing of Chico
Mendes. DVD. Chico Mendes (com Robert Redford e Snia Braga).
5. Pescadores
2001 Marques, Jos Geraldo. Pescando Pescadores: Cincia e
Etnocincia em uma Perspectiva Ecolgica. So Paulo, NUPAUB, 2001.
2000 Diegues, Antonio Carlos (org.). A Imagem das guas. So
Paulo, Editora Hucitec, 2000. 5. Filmes
6. Conexes globais.
Leituras:
Escobar, Arturo. 1995. Encountering Development: The Making and
Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
[Captulo sobre desenvolvimento e ambiente].
Leituras adicionais:
Agrawal, Arun. 2005. Environmentality. Technologies of
Government and the Making of Subjects. Durham and London, Duke
University Press. Chapter 6 (Making Environmental Subjects:
Intimate Government, pp. 164-299) and Chapter 7 (Conclusion: The
Analytics of Environmentality, pp. 201-230).
Peluso, Nancy Lee. 2003. Territorializing Local Struggles for
Resource Control. A Look at Environmental Discourses and Politics
in Indonesia. In Paul Greenough and Anna Lowenhaput Tsing
(editors), Nature in the Global South. Environmental Projects in
South and Southeast Asia, Durham and London, Duke University Press,
pp. 103-123.
Peluso, Nancy Lee. 1992. Rich Forests, Poor People. Resource
Control and Resistance in Java. Berkeley, University of California
Press.
Bibliography
Agrawal, Arum. 2005. Environmentality. Durham and London, Duke
University Press.
Allegretti, M. H. 1990. Extractive reserves: An alternative for
reconciling development and environmental conservation in Amazonia.
In Alternatives to Deforestation: Steps toward Sustainable Use of
the Amazonia Rain Forest. A. B. Anderson. New York, NY, Columbia
University Press: 252-264.
Almeida, M. W. B. 2002. The Politics of Amazonian Conservation:
The Struggles of Rubber Tappers. The Journal of Latin American
Anthropology 7(1):170-219, 2002.
Bale William L. 1989. The culture of Amazonian forests. In Posey
Darrel A., Bale, William L., eds. 1989. Resource management in
Amazonia: indigenous and folk strategies. Adv. Econ. Bot. 7: pp.
1-21.
Berkes, Firket, J. Colding and C. Folke. 2003. Navigating
Social-ecological Systems. Cambridge, Cambridge University
Press.
Brandon, Karina, Kent H. Redford e Steven E. Sanderson (orgs).
1998. Parks in Peril: People, Politics and Protected Areas.
Washington, The Nature Conservancy and Island Press.
Brightman, Robert. 1993. Grateful Prey. Rock Cree Human-Animal
Relationships. Berkeley, University of California Press.
Carneiro da Cunha, Manuela and Mauro W. B. de Almeida. 2000.
Indigenous People, Traditional People and Conservation in the
Amazon. Daedalus/Journal of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, vol.129, n.2, pp. 315-338.
Cultural Survival. 2002. Quilombos and Land Rights in
Contemporary Brazil. Cultural Survival Quarterly, 25 (4), January
31, 2002.
http://209.200.101.189/publications/csq/csq-article.cfm?id=1398
[dec. 2005]
Descola , Philippe. 1994. Homeostasis as a cultural system: the
Jvaro case. Anna C. Roosevelt (ed.), Amazonian Indians from
Prehistory to the Present. Tucson: Univ. Ariz. Press, pp.
203-224.
Descola, Philippe. 1997. In the Society of Nature: A Native
Ecology in Amazonia. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Dove,
Michael R. 2003. Forest Discourses in South and Southeast Asia. A
comparison with Global Discourses. In Greenough and Tsing, pp.
103-123.
Easton, Thomas A. (ed.) 2006. Taking Sides. Clashing Views on
Environmental Issues. 11th ed. USA, McGraw Hill.
Escobar, Arturo. 1995. Encountering Development: The Making and
Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University
Press.
French, Jan Hoffman. 2004. Mestizaje and Law Making in
Indigenous Identity Formation in Northeastern Brazil: After the
Conflict Came the History". American Anthropologist106:4,
663-674.
Gibson, Clark C., Margaret A. McKean, and Elinor Ostrom. 2000.
People and Forests. Communities, Institutions and Governance.
Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press.
Greenough, Paul and Anna Lowenhaput Tsing (eds.). Nature in the
Global South. Environmental Projects in South and Southeast Asia,
Durham and London, Duke University Press.
Hardin, Garret. [1968]. The Tragedy of the Commons. Science,
1968.
Krech III, Shepard Krech. Reflections on Conservation,
Sustainability, and Environmentalism in Indigenous North America.
American Anthropologist, vol. 107, n.1, march 2005, pp. 78-86.
Little, P. 2001. Amazonia: Territorial Struggles on Perennial
Frontiers. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
ManuelRuiz-Prez, MauroW. B. Almeida et alii. 2005. Conservation
and Development in Amazonian Extractive Reserves: The Case of Alto
Juru. Ambio, Volume 34, Number 3, May2005, pages 218223.
Mattos, Hebe. Remanescentes de Quilombos: Memory of Slavery,
Historical Justice, and Citizenship in Contemporary Brazil. 2005.
Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Gilder Lehrman Center
International Conference at Yale University: Repairing the Past:
Confronting the Legacies of Slavery, Genocide, & Caste. October
27-29, 2005 Yale University, New Haven.
Connecticut.http://www.yale.edu/glc/justice/mattos.pdf
McCay, Bonnie J. e James M. Acheson (orgs.). 1990. The Question
of the Commons: The Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources.
Tucson: The University of Arizona Press.
Nugent, Stephen and Mark Harris (eds.). Some Other Amazonians.
Perspectives on Modern Amazonian. London, Institute for the Study
of Americas, n.d. (c. 2005).
Peluso, Nancy Lee. 2003. Territorializing Local Struggles for
Resource Control. A Look at Environmental Discourses and Politics
in Indonesia. In Greenough and Tsing, pp. 103-123.
Peluso, Nancy Lee. 1992. Rich Forests, Poor People. Resource
Control and Resistance in Java. Berkeley, University of California
Press.
Raffles, Hugh. In Amazonia. A Natural History. Princeton and
Oxford, Princeton University Press, 2002.
Rosa Elizabeth A. Marin and Edna M. R. de Castro, 2005. Black
Peoples of the Trombetas River: Peasantry and Ethnicity in the
Brazilian Amazon, pp. 37-56. In Stephen Nugent and Mark Harris
(orgs.), Some Other Amazonians. Perspectives on Modern Amazonia.
London, Institute for the Study of the Americas, 2005.
Silberling, Louise. S. 2003. Displacement and quilombos in
Alcntara, Brazil: modernity, identity, and place. International
Social Science Journal, Volume 55,Number 1, March 2003, pp.
145-156(12).
Slater, Candace (ed). 2003. In Search of the Rain Forest. Durham
and London, Duke University Press.
Tsing, Anna. 2005. Friction. An Ethnography of Global
Connection. Princeton, Princeton University Press.
2000 Diegues, Antonio C. e Virgilio M. Viana (orgs.).
Comunidades Tradicionais e Manejo dos Recursos Naturais da Mata
Atlntica. So Paulo, NUPAUB (Nucleo de Apoio Pesquisa sobre Populaes
Humanas e reas nidas Brasileiras Universidade de So Paulo) e
LASTROP (Laboratrio de Silvicultura Tropical Esalq Universidade de
So Paulo).
2004 Manuela Carneiro da Cunha e Mauro W. B. Almeida. Introduo
em A Enciclopdia da Floresta. So Paulo, Companhia das Letras,
2004.
PAGE Second version 6/01/2006
