May, 2007May, 2007

Commercial Crew & Cargo ProgramCommercial Crew & Cargo Program

Marc TimmProgram Executive, Commercial Crew & Cargo Program NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

Marc TimmProgram Executive, Commercial Crew & Cargo Program NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

Program OverviewProgram Overview

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National DirectionNational Direction

• National Space Exploration Policy/Vision for Space Exploration, Jan 2004– [The United States will] Promote…

commercial participation in exploration… to further U.S. scientific, security, and economic interests.

– [The NASA Administrator will] Pursue commercial opportunities for providing transportation and other services supporting the International Space Station and exploration missions beyond low Earth orbit.

• NASA Authorization Act of 2005– The Administrator shall establish a program to develop a sustained human presence on the Moon… to

promote exploration, science, commerce…– The Administrator... shall develop a commercialization plan to support the human missions to the Moon

and Mars, to support low-Earth orbit activities…• NASA Administrator Mike Griffin,

American Astronautical Society, Nov. 15, 2005– If we are to make the expansion and development of the space frontier an

integral part of what it is that societies do, then these activities must, as quickly as possible, assume an economic dimension as well… To this end, it is up to us at NASA to use the challenge of the Vision for Space Exploration to foster the commercial opportunities which are inherent to this exciting endeavor.

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• Need– NASA has an immediate and long term

obligation to service the International Space Station (ISS)

• Status– Vision for Space Exploration to retire

Space Shuttle by 2010 results in using remaining flights to complete ISS assembly

– Baseline barter and purchase agreements for International Partner space transportation capabilities (Progress, Soyuz, ATV, HTV) are no longer sufficient to meet projected ISS operational needs

– There is a shortfall and gap in accommodating ISS resupply needs until CEV becomes available by 2014/2015 timeframe

• Solutions– Commercial transportation service is the preferred approach if proven

reliable and cost effective – CEV and foreign purchases of space transportation capabilities are

alternatives to meeting service obligations to ISS if commercial services are unavailable

NASA ISS ObligationsNASA ISS Obligations

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Program ObjectivesProgram Objectives

• The Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Office (C3PO) has been established at the Johnson Space Center to accomplish the following objectives:– Implement U.S. Space Exploration policy with investments to stimulate the

commercial space industry– Facilitate U.S. private industry demonstration of cargo and crew space

transportation capabilities with the goal of achieving reliable, cost effective access to low-Earth orbit

– Create a market environment in which commercial space transportation services are available to Government and private sector customers

Program Management(Centers)

Exploration Systems Mission Directorate Management (HQ)

COTSProjectSpaceX

Horkahcuk

COTSProjectSpaceX

Horkahcuk

Constellation Program

Office(JSC)Hanley

Constellation Program

Office(JSC)Hanley

Constellation Systems DivisionStanton

Constellation Systems DivisionStanton

Associate Administrator (AA)For Exploration

SystemsHorowitz

Deputy AACooke

Associate Administrator (AA)For Exploration

SystemsHorowitz

Deputy AACooke

Project Management (Centers)

Commercial Crew & Cargo

Program Office(JSC)

Lindenmoyer

Commercial Crew & Cargo

Program Office(JSC)

Lindenmoyer

COTSProject

RpK

Manners

COTSProject

RpK

Manners

OtherParterships

UnfundedSAAs

OtherParterships

UnfundedSAAs

CxProjects

CxProjects

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Commercial Crew & Cargo Program OfficeJohnson Space Center

Commercial Crew & Cargo Program OfficeJohnson Space Center

10 C3PO FTE4 Matrix FTE4/06/07

Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Demonstrations

COTS Project Executive(SpaceX)

Mike Horkachuck

Assistant Project ExecutiveWarren Ruemmele

COTS Project Executive (RpK)

Bruce Manners

Assistant Program Integration Manager Tim Bulk

Lisa PriceBusiness/Resource Analyst

Keith HuttoAgreements

Officer

Chief Safety and Mission Assurance

OfficerMark Erminger

Assistant Commercial Space Development Manager Dennis Stone

QB1 QB2

Jennifer KrauseContract

Specialist

Program ManagerAlan Lindenmoyer

Deputy Program Manager Valin Thorn

Administrative Assistant Starr Taylor QA

Commercial Space Development Manager

Rob Kelso

Program Integration Manager

Mike Surber

ESMD Program ExecutiveMarc Timm

COTS Technical Authority

Eng: JSC/EA Gail ChaplineS&MA: JSC/NA Mark

ErmingerMed/Health: JSC/SA Jeff

Davis

Assistant Project ExecutiveKevin Meehan

NA

HQ

COTS Advisory Team(CAT)NASA Centers

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Potential ISS Market

$300-700M/year

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Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Overview

Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Overview

• $500M budgeted in FY06-FY10 as an investment for the demonstration of commercial orbital transportation capabilities

• COTS Project executed in two phases:

– Phase 1: Technical Development/Demonstration by private industry

– Phase 2: Potential Competitive Procurement of Orbital Transportation Services

• Phase 1 award of Space Act Agreements in August 2006

• Phase 1 SAAs include an option for crew transportation demonstrations

– Pending successful cargo demonstrations and additional NASA funding

COTS Phase 1 is NOT a procurement or contract for products and services –

It is NASA’s catalyst for technology demonstrations where the potential high return on

investment outweighs the associated financial risk

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Innovative FeaturesInnovative Features

• Phase 1 Competition– Utilized NASA’s Space Act authority vs. FAR contract – Emphasized management team skills vs. company past performance– Business plan and financial criteria similar to private investment models– Broadly targeted technical goals for the general space transportation

market• Firm requirements/processes where necessary for ISS certification and

human safety– Encouraged private investment to share costs, enable multiple awards, and

maximize capability coverage• Space Act Agreement

– Companies retain maximum rights to intellectual and personal property allowed by law

– FAA licensing and cross-waiver liability provisions– Fixed-price performance milestone payments

• Series of incremental milestones based on objective criteria– Restricted termination provisions

COTS is a Government-Industry partnership

and represents a new way of doing business with the private sector

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COTS ParticipantsCOTS Participants

• Received 21 proposals from 20 companies across the full spectrum of industry

• Down selected to 6 companies for final evaluation and negotiations – 2 selected for portfolio of funded SAAs– Andrews Space– SpaceDev– SPACEHAB– Transformational Space Corp. (t/Space) – Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) – Rocketplane-Kistler (RpK)

• Discussions with several companies are ongoing for NASA technical assistance with capability development via nonreimburseable (unfunded) SAAs

• Currently, unfunded SAAs have been signed with:– Transformational Space Corp. (t/Space)– PlanetSpace

Funded Space Act Agreement

Funded Space Act Agreement

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Description:• K-1 Launch Vehicle• Orbital Vehicle• Pressurized/Unpressurized Cargo/Crew

Modules

Proposed Features:• Reusable launch and orbital vehicles that

return to launch site• Modular crew and cargo configurations• Capability A/B/C demonstration planned for

completion by March 2009• NASA Investment:

– Cargo Demonstration – up to $207 M– Crew Option – up to $200 M

Rocketplane Kistler COTS ConceptRocketplane Kistler COTS Concept

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RpK Milestone HighlightsRpK Milestone Highlights

• FY06– Program Management Plan/Kickoff Completed– Financing Round Completed

• FY07– System Requirements Review Completed – Financing Round– Critical Design Reviews

• FY08– Engine Test Firing– System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews– Launch Vehicle Complete/Ship– Certification of Flight Readiness

• FY09– Risk Reduction Orbital Test Flight – Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS (internal/pressurized)– Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS (external/unpressurized)

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Description:• Falcon 9 Launch Vehicle• Dragon Crew/Cargo Spacecraft

Proposed Features:• Flexible crew and cargo configurations• Recoverable launch vehicle and

spacecraft• ISS cargo delivery & return demonstration

planned for completion by September 2009

• NASA Investment:– Cargo Demonstration – up to $278 M– Crew Option – up to $308 M additional

Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) COTS Concept

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SpaceX Milestone HighlightsSpaceX Milestone Highlights

• FY06– Program Management Plan/Kickoff Completed

• FY07– System Requirements ReviewsCompleted – Preliminary Design Review Completed– Financing Round Completed– Critical Design Review

• FY08– Financing Round– System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews– Orbital Test Flight 1

• FY09– Delta System/Design/Test/Readiness Reviews– Orbital Test Flight 2– Orbital Demonstration Mission to ISS

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t/Space Conceptt/Space Concept

Spacecraft and booster released from 747

After strap-on boosters fire, core

takes over

CXV reaches orbit with second stage attached

CXV delivers separately launched cargo module to

ISS

Crew compartment returns; other parts are expended Parachute landing into water

Description:• Air launched rocket

uses LOX/propane and vapor pressure for pressurization

• Piloted capsule• Separately launched

cargo module

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PlanetSpace ConceptPlanetSpace Concept

Description:

• ELV rocket based on legacy V-2 engines

• USAF FDL-7 based lifting body spacecraft

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COTS TimelineCOTS Timeline

* COTS crew transportation capability is a Phase 1 option and is currently not funded or authorized

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015+

Shuttle Retirement

Cargo Dev

Crew Dev*

Cargo Services

Crew Services

Shuttle ISS Assembly

Phase 1 COTS Demo/Development

COTS Cargo Demo/Dev

COTS Crew Demo/Dev

Phase 2 COTS ISS Services

COTS Cargo Services

COTS Crew Services

ISS Operations

CEV/CLV Development

CEV/CLV Operations

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COTS Flight DemonstrationsCOTS Flight Demonstrations

Cargo Demo Flight 3 to ISS (Sep)

Cargo Demo Flight 2 (Jun)

Cargo Demo Flight 1 (Sep)

Pre Demo Flight 1 Risk Reduction Flight (Nov)

Cargo Demo Flight 1 to ISS (Jan)

Cargo Demo Flight 2 to ISS (Mar)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Crew Demo Flight 1 (Jun)

Funded Milestone

Optional Milestone

Crew Demo Flight 2 (Dec)

Crew Demo

Flight 3 (Apr)

Crew Demo

Flight (Aug)

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SummarySummary

• U.S. space policy directs pursuit of commercial opportunities for providing transportation and other services to low Earth orbit and beyond

• C3PO established to implement policy

• COTS strategy

– Phase 1 -- Industry technical development/demonstrations (COTS Demos)

– Phase 2 – Potential procure commercial services for ISS logistics support

• COTS Demonstrations competition completed in 10 months

• Two industry partners selected for funded Space Act Agreements

– SpaceX & Rocketplane Kistler

• Unfunded Space Act Agreements are established or in work with other companies

• COTS budget of $500 M thru 2010, with pay for performance milestone approach

• Cargo flight demonstrations planned for as early as 2008

– Crew flight demonstration options possible for 2011-2012 timeframe

• Commercial cargo transportation services potentially available as early as 2010

Successful COTS partners may open new space markets and provide reliable, cost effective cargo and crew transportation services

- a new era for commercial space