May the European traditional agroforestry find a source of revitalization in climate change? S. Guillerme (1), G. Balent (2), A. Canet (3), F. Coulon (4),

May the European traditional agroforestry find a

source of revitalization in climate change?

S. Guillerme (1), G. Balent (2), A. Canet (3), F. Coulon (4), Y. Jimenez (5), E. Maire (1), D. Moreno (6)

(1) CNRS (UMR 5602 - GEODE), France(1) CNRS (UMR 5602 - GEODE), France (2) INRA (UMR 1201- DYNAFOR), France(2) INRA (UMR 1201- DYNAFOR), France (3) AFAHC, France(3) AFAHC, France (4) SOLAGRO, France(4) SOLAGRO, France (5) University of Granada (IDR), Spain(5) University of Granada (IDR), Spain (6) University of Genova (LASA), Italy(6) University of Genova (LASA), Italy

Second World Congress on Agroforestry - Nairobi, August 2009Second World Congress on Agroforestry - Nairobi, August 2009

May the European traditional agroforestry find a source of revitalization in climate change?


1/ Advantages of the trees outside forest in the perspective of the 1/ Advantages of the trees outside forest in the perspective of the climate changeclimate change2/ Some agroforestry landscapes and their evolution 2/ Some agroforestry landscapes and their evolution 3/ Responses of the public policies to revitalize agroforestry3/ Responses of the public policies to revitalize agroforestry

Responses to global warming

In the future, if the global warming happens to put an excessive hydric stress on In the future, if the global warming happens to put an excessive hydric stress on treeless pasturelands, the traditional agroforestry systems could gain a renewed value treeless pasturelands, the traditional agroforestry systems could gain a renewed value due to their ability to better preserve water, soil and grass, essential resources for due to their ability to better preserve water, soil and grass, essential resources for animal husbandry.animal husbandry.





Some of the Trees Outside Forest functionalities

Social Diversity of landscapes Promotion of the traditional settlements Picking (berries, plants, snails,

mushrooms…) Cultural identity and promotion of farmers

work Rambling Hunting

Productive and direct economy Firewood and timber wood Production of fruits, honey… Feeding stock (grass, foliage, nuts, fruits) Promotion of quality products, (certification

AOC - “Appelation d’Origine Controlée”, PGI - Protected Geographical Indications)

Income from tourism

Functional Demarcation of plots Windbreak for cultures Protection for animal husbandry (shade and

resources) Limitation of the evapo-transpiration Humidification, better biological activity of the

soil Habitat for the natural predators, useful for

the adjacent plots Habitat and source of food for pollinators

Protection of natural resources Water conservation Protection of soils Reduction of the risks of floods Carbon sequestration Increasing organic matter in the soil Biodiversity conservation and gene pool Quality of water (natural filtration) Buffer zone Protection of riversides Habitat for wild fauna



Southern Spain

The Dehesa : a landscape built for animal husbandry

Traditional polyculture : loss of biodiversity as a result of abandonment

Dehesa landscapesDehesa landscapes



Southern Spain



Pasture land under Pasture land under chestnut trees (Ségala)chestnut trees (Ségala)

Southern France

Ash trees pruned for Ash trees pruned for fodder usage (Aubrac)fodder usage (Aubrac)



Southern France

Spontaneous afforestation in the Pyrenees, Spontaneous afforestation in the Pyrenees, witnessing an abandonment of the pasture landswitnessing an abandonment of the pasture lands



Northern Italy

Bandito di Amborzasco : detail of a meadow-pasture with shrubs Around 1950, a landscape still derived from 19th c. land use

Bandito: the same slope, 50 years later, completely

abandoned, covered by spontaneous afforestation

1950

2003

Dynamics of abandonment in Liguria

Bandito di Amborzasco : short term effects of abandonment:

soil erosion due to the hazels collapsing

- Overgrown hazel stool

- Weak thickness of the soil



Dia 9Dia 9

Public policiesPublic policies



How to incline towards a revitalization?The role of public policies



Conlusion :

- the factors changing the face of the present traditional agroforestry systems are not climatic

- awareness about the climate change and its impacts, along with the problem of biodiversity loss, could be a challenge to reconsider the agroforestry practices

Wait and see… …or go ahead ?



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May the European traditional agroforestry find a source of revitalization in climate change? S. Guillerme (1), G. Balent (2), A. Canet (3), F. Coulon (4),