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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Mayank Saxena is student of M.Sc

(Chemistry), (Roll No.1420807013) Department of Applied

Science and Humanities, INV !TIS "NIV !SIT#, $areilly, "ttar

%radesh. The pro&ect 'ork entitled ( Review of i!re"t #i" s of

c$tho e m$teri$ls for rech$r%e$&le lithi'm io" &$ttery )for

the partial ful*llment of the de+ree of M$ster of Scie"ce i"

Chemistry .

Date: Signature of the Supervisor

Place: Bareilly

( Dr D Aru!uga!"

Assistant Professor in Chemistry,

Department of Applied Science and Humanities,

INVERTIS NIVERSIT!,

"areilly # $uc%no& Hi'h&ay#(),

"areilly # ()*+(*, ttar Pradesh,

INDIA

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AC#$%&'ED E)E$T

This research pro ect is made possi-le throu'h the help and support from e.eryone,

includin'/ parents, teachers, family, friends, and in essence, all sentient -ein's0

specially, please allo& me to dedicate my ac%no&led'ment of 'ratitude to&ard the

follo&in' si'nificant ad.isors and contri-utors/

1irst and foremost, I &ould li%e to than% to our Honoura-le Chancellor, Vice

Chancellor, Pro0 .ice chancellor for pro.ide the &ell facility for complete of my20Sc0 in Chemistry and my research pro ect0

I also than%s to Dean and En'ineerin' Prof0 R0 30 Shu%la Ph0D and our H4D Prof0

Shala-h Sa5ena P0hD6 for constant support of my completion of thesis0

I &ould li%e to specially than%s to our Dr0 D0 AR N2 7A2 for his most support

and encoura'ement0 He %indly read my pro ect and offered in.alua-le detailed

ad.ices on 'rammar, or'ani8ation, hand the theme of the pro ect

Second, I &ould li%e to sho& my 'ratitude to&ards all people &ho help and sho&

their 'uidance for completion of this pro ect0

And also, I sincerely than% to my parents, family, and friends, &ho pro.ide the

ad.ice and financial support0 The product of this research pro ect &ould not -e

possi-le &ithout all of the

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ABSTRACT

The char'e distri-ution in the 2'#doped lithium man'anese spinel $i+09(2'5

2n+0:;(5 4) &ith 9099 , 5 # 90(9 is discussed and compared to those pertinent to

other 2#doped samples 0 EPR spectra,

lo& temperature ?#ray diffraction and conducti.ity data are related to the

cooperati.e @ahn Teller transition occurrin' at Sa-out (;9 3 in the undoped

sample0 Here &e demonstrate for the first time that C15 cathodes sho&

rechar'ea-le capa-ility in sodium ion -atteries &ith an initial dischar'e capacity of

+9B+ mAh ' + and a re.ersi-le dischar'e capacity of ;B mAh ' +0 In this &or%,

car-on#coated $i1eP4) &as further modified &ith reduced 'raphene o5ide

usin' an ultrasonic#assisted rheolo'ical phase method coupled &ith car-othermal

treatment0 ?#ray diffraction