MAYOMAYO

Count Cavour

[The “Head”]

Giuseppi Garibaldi

[The “Sword”]

King Victor Emmanuel

II

Giuseppi Mazzini

[The “Heart”]

Italian Nationalist Italian Nationalist LeadersLeaders

Italian Nationalist Italian Nationalist LeadersLeaders

Pope Pius IXPope Pius IXPope Pius IXPope Pius IX

Sardinia-Piedmont: The Sardinia-Piedmont: The “Magnet”“Magnet”

Sardinia-Piedmont: The Sardinia-Piedmont: The “Magnet”“Magnet”

Romantic RepublicansRomantic Republicans• Secret republican societies meant to Secret republican societies meant to

unite Italy under liberalism … unite Italy under liberalism … Carbonari Carbonari (“charcoal burners”)(“charcoal burners”)

• 1831 national uprisings failed1831 national uprisings failed• Giuseppe Mazzini – took upi the Giuseppe Mazzini – took upi the

nationalist causenationalist cause– Led insurrections along with Giuseppe Led insurrections along with Giuseppe

GaribaldiGaribaldi– Guerilla warfare throughout 1850sGuerilla warfare throughout 1850s

Step #1Step #1Step #1Step #1

Count Camillo CavourCount Camillo Cavour

• Prime Minister of PiedmontPrime Minister of Piedmont

• Used military and secret diplomacy to Used military and secret diplomacy to accomplish what Romantic republicans accomplish what Romantic republicans could notcould not

• Strong nationalist, but NOT a republican Strong nationalist, but NOT a republican … he was a monarchist… he was a monarchist

• 1855 sent 10,000 troops from Piedmont 1855 sent 10,000 troops from Piedmont to aid French in Crimean Warto aid French in Crimean War

• Piedmont’s role in the Siege of Piedmont’s role in the Siege of Sevastopol gained respect for Cavour Sevastopol gained respect for Cavour and the ability of Italy to be a unified and the ability of Italy to be a unified entityentity

• Napoleon II respected Cavour and Napoleon II respected Cavour and piedmont and agreed to an allianc eint piedmont and agreed to an allianc eint he event Austria fought Piedmonthe event Austria fought Piedmont

• 1859 Austria declared war with 1859 Austria declared war with PiedmontPiedmont

• Italian / French forces won great Italian / French forces won great victories at Magenta and Solferinovictories at Magenta and Solferino

Step #2Step #2Step #2Step #2

Step #3Step #3Step #3Step #3

ItalianItalian

UnificatioUnificationn

ItalianItalian

UnificatioUnificationn

The Kingdom of Italy: The Kingdom of Italy: 18711871

The Kingdom of Italy: The Kingdom of Italy: 18711871

German UnificationGerman UnificationGerman UnificationGerman Unification

Kaiser Wilhelm IKaiser Wilhelm IKaiser Wilhelm IKaiser Wilhelm I

Chancellor Otto von BismarckChancellor Otto von BismarckChancellor Otto von BismarckChancellor Otto von Bismarck

““Blood & Iron”Blood & Iron”

Unification Unification ofof

GermanyGermany

Unification Unification ofof

GermanyGermany

German Imperial FlagGerman Imperial FlagGerman Imperial FlagGerman Imperial Flag

Kaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm II

““DroppingDroppingthethe

Pilot”Pilot”

18901890

““DroppingDroppingthethe

Pilot”Pilot”

18901890

Kaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm II

German Empire

Austria-Hungary

Italy

Russia

Great Britain

France

Differing Nationalities in theDiffering Nationalities in theAustrian EmpireAustrian Empire

Differing Nationalities in theDiffering Nationalities in theAustrian EmpireAustrian Empire

Austrian Imperial FlagAustrian Imperial FlagAustrian Imperial FlagAustrian Imperial Flag

Russian ExpansionRussian ExpansionRussian ExpansionRussian Expansion

Russian Imperial FlagRussian Imperial FlagRussian Imperial FlagRussian Imperial Flag

Forced Migration of Russia’s Forced Migration of Russia’s JewsJews

Forced Migration of Russia’s Forced Migration of Russia’s JewsJews

The Ottoman Empire: Late 19cThe Ottoman Empire: Late 19cThe Ottoman Empire: Late 19cThe Ottoman Empire: Late 19c