Sort 1 Prefixes (in-, un-, dis-, mis-)

Base word is changed to negative or opposite meaning.In- = not un- = not dis- = not/opposite of mis- = not/opposite of

insincere not expressing true feelingsinformal not bound by a set form or rule; relaxed, casual, or

friendlyinfrequent not coming or happening often; not common; rareinhuman not human in nature or formInexpensive not expensive; costing little moneyInsane suffering from or characteristic of someone suffering

from insanityuneasy troubled; worriedunaware not aware; ignorantunknown not known or not recognizedundress to take off the clothes ofunfasten to undo the fastenings of; unlatch; detachuntidy not orderly or neat; messy; carelessdishonest not honest, as a person who lies, steals or cheatsdisbelief a conviction that something is untruedisorder a condition of untidiness or confusiondisconnect to break or undo the connection of or betweendisease a sickness or illness, usually of a particular kinddisrespect a lack of proper respect or courtesydiscourage to cause to lose courage or confidencemisspell to spell incorrectlymisfortune ill fortune; bad luckmistake an error or blundermisleading tending to mislead or deceivemischief thoughtless conduct that may cause harm

Sort 2 Prefixes (pre-, fore-, post-, after-)

Pre-, fore- = before post-, after- = after

prepare to make ready, fit or qualifiedpredict to state beforehand; foretellpreface a brief introduction, as to a book or speechprehistoric of or belonging to the period before the start of written

historyprecede to be, go, or come before, as in order, place, rank, or

timeprefix a syllable or syllables put at the beginning of a word or

root to modify its meaning or make a new wordpreseasonpreposition a word that is used to indicate the relation of its object, a

noun or pronoun, to another word in a sentenceprewar existing or happening before a warforetell to tell about in advance; predictforeman a worker in charge of a group of workersforeword an introduction to a book; prefaceforefathers an ancestorforesight the act or power of foreseeing or looking aheadforethought careful planning or attention ahead of time; thought in

advancepostpone to put off to a future time; delaypostwar after a warpostseason after the season.postdate to write a date on that is later than the actual dateposttest after the test.afternoon the part of the day between noon and sunsetafterward at a later timeafterthought a thought that comes after rather than before an action

or decision and is thus to late to be usefulaftertaste a taste that lingers in the mouth after the substance

causing it has been swallowed

Sort 3 Prefixes (re-, ex-, in-, de-)

Some words do not have a base that stands alone.re- = again/back in- = into/inside ex- = out of/beyond de- = take away

replay to play overreappear to appear againreclaim to bring into condition to support cultivation or life, as by

draining or irrigatingreconsider to consider or think about again, especially with the idea

of changing one’s mind.reruns to run againresearch careful, patient investigation and studyreaction an action in response to something, as a happening or

stimulusinflate to swell or puff out by filling with air or gasinterior inside partinhabit to live in as a place of residence; occupyinmate a person confined in a prisoninstall to fix in position and adjust for service or useinhale to draw into the lungs; breatheexhale to breathe outexile to send (someone) away from his or her native land and

forbid a return; banishexplore to travel in or through in order to learn or discover

somethingexcess an amount or degree of something over what is needed,

wanted, used or something over what is needed, wanted, used or proper

exhaust to make extremely tiredexterior the outsidedeflate to let the air or gas out ofdefrost to remove ice or frost from, as a refrigeratordeprive to take away fromdecrease to make or become lessdelete to remove or mark out (something written or printed)

Sort 4 Prefixes (sub-, com-, pro- en-)

sub- = below/under com- = below/under OR with/together en- = causing something to happen pro- for/forward/in favor of OR to move forward

subway an electric railroad that is mainly undergroundsubset a set whose members are all included in another setsubmarine existing, done, or operating beneath the surface of the

seasubtotal the total of a series of numbers that forms part of a

larger seriessubtitle a subordinate or explanatory titlesubmerge to put or go into or under water or another liquidcombine to bring together; unite; joincompany a group of peoplecompanion a person who goes with another person; comrade;

associatecompound a combination or mixture of two or more ingredients or

partscompress to press together; condense; squeezecomrade a close companion or friendpropel to cause to move forward or aheadpropose to put forward for acceptance or considerationprotect to shield or defend from attack, harm, or injury; guardprovider to make ready beforehand; preparepromote to contribute to the progress, development, or growth of;

work forprogress a moving forward in spaceenable to give the means, ability, or opportunity to; make ableencourage to give courage or hope to; inspire with confidence or the

wish to do wellentrust to give or turn over, as for care or safekeepingendanger to expose to dangerenforce to require to be obeyedenlarge to make or become larger; expand

Sort 5 Suffixes (-y, -ly, -ily)

Suffixes are added to the end of base words. Usually when you+ -y = adjective + -ly OR –ily = adverb

Some with a vowel before the consonant will double the final consonant like… skin –skinny

Some change the final y to i before adding ly like… ready –readily

Some with a consonant before the final e will keep the e when adding –ly like… brave -bravely

scratchy that scratches or irritatessquirmy to bend and twist the bodyvelvety soft and smooth to the touch, like velvetsqueaky a thin, sharp, shrill sound.wealthy having wealth; richskinny very thin; lean swampy an area of low, wet landshaggy having rough hair or woolsilvery like silver, as in color or lusterspotty having many spotssilently not having or making any noisesecretly kept from the view or knowledge of all but the persons

concernedrapidly very quick, swift, or fastfluently able o speak or write with smoothness or easeeagerly impatiently anxiousgenerously quick to give or share; unselfishseriously grave; solemn; thoughtfulpolitely showing consideration for others; mannerlybriefly not long; shortbravely having or showing courage; not afraidmerrily laughter, fungreedily wanting selfishly to get more, especially more moneyhastily quick a hasty retreatreadily prepared for immediate use or action

Sort 6 Comparative Suffixes (-er, -est, -ier, -iest)

Words comparing 2 things = -er -ierWords comparing 3 or more things = -est -iest

If the word ends in y change it to an I before adding er or est

kinder willing to help; gentle; friendlykindeststranger not seen or heard of before; not familiarstrangestcleaner free from dirt or staincleanestquieter having or making little or no noisequietestharsher grating, rough, or unpleasant to the sensesharshestearlier coming or happening near the beginningearliestemptier containing or holding nothingemptiesttrickier likely to use or involve trickstrickiestfancier showy or elaboratefanciestcrummier crumbling easilycrummiestmurkier dark, gloomy, or obscuremurkiestshinier shinning in appearance; bright; gleamingshiniest

Sort 7 Noun Suffixes (-er, -or, -ian, -ist)

Look at base word and notice how the meaning changes when a suffix is added.

speaker a person who speakstraveler a person making a journey or tourprisoner a person who is held in a prisondefender a person who fights.believer a person who has religious faithattacker a person or thing that attacks others.admirer to regard or look upon with wonder, pleasure, and

approval.creator to cause to come into existence; originate; createvisitor a person who visitsdecorator a person who decorates, especially an interior decoratordirector a person who directs, as one in charge of the production

of a play or movieinventor a person who inventssurvivor a person or thing that survivesguardian a person who guards or watches over; protectorAsian a person from Asiahistorian a writer of or authority on historyAustralian a person from Australialibrarian a person in charge of a library civilian a person who is not in active military serviceartist a person who is skilled in any of the fine arts, as painting

or sculpturefinalist a contestant who has reached the finals of a contestterrorist a person or thing that causes fearspecialist a person who specializes, especially a doctor who

concentrates on one branch of medicinevocalist a singer

Sort 8 Suffixes (-ment, -less, -ness)

-ment = act of doing and changes verbs into nouns-less = without and creates adjectives-ness = state of being and changes adjectives to nouns

-lessness = changes it back to a noun

payment the act of payingreplacement the act of replacingemployment a person’s job or occupation punishment the act of punishing agreement a sameness or harmony of opinionamusement the state of being amusedgovernment control or administration of the affairs of a nation, state,

citybreathless out of breath; pantinghopeless without hopethoughtless without thoughtpriceless worth more than any price; invaluableflawless having no defects or blemishes; perfecttactless having or showing no tactfruitless yielding no fruitlaziness unwilling to work or to keep busyblindness unable to seedizziness to make dizzypoliteness showing consideration for othersfriendliness of or typical of a friendemptiness containing or holding nothingsaltiness tasting of or containing saltpowerlessness without powerfearlessness without fear

Sort 9 Suffixes (-ary, -ery, -ory)

Signal nouns or adjectives. There is not always a base word. Listen to the different sounds the suffixes make.

imaginary existing only in the imagination; unreal

secretary a person whose duties involve writing letters and keeping records for a person, company, or other group.

library a collection of books, magazines, newspapers, and other materials

military of or having to do with the army, the armed forces, or warfare

ordinary of common or everyday occurrence; usualnecessary not to be done without; essentialFebruary Second month of the yearJanuary First month of the yearstationary remaining in one spacebravery valor; courage; fearlessnessmachinery a collection of machinesmystery something that is not known, understood, or explainedscenery the visible natural features of an outdoor areadelivery the action of handing over or distributinggrocery a store selling food and other household goodscategory a division, class, or group in any system of classificationlavatory a room with a basin or sink for washing and usually with

a toilietinventory a complete list and valuation of goodsdormitory a building as at a school or college that has many rooms

for sleepingdirectory an alphabetical list of names and addressesvictory the overcoming of an enemy, opponent or difficult;

triumphhistory past events or a record of themstationery materials used in writing, especially paper and

envelopescentury a period of 100 years

Sort 10 Suffixes (-ty, -ity)

Change adjectives to nouns-ty, -ity = a condition or qualityNotice how the suffixes sound different.

safe free or freed from danger or evilsafety freedom from danger, risk or injuryspecial of a particular kind; out of the ordinaryspecialty something special as a study or occupationnovel new, strange, or unusualnovelty something new or differentroyal of or for a king or queenroyalty a royal personcasual happening by chancecasualty a serious accidentcertain completely sure, confident, or convincedcertainty the condition or fact of being certainactive showing action; busyactivity the state of being active; action; movementfestive of, having to do with, or suitable for a joyous celebrationfestivity gladness and rejoicing typical of a joyous occasiontranquil calm; serenetranquility calmness; serenityhumid containing water vapor; damp; moisthumidity moisture; dampness, especially of the airminor smaller; lesserminority the smaller in number of two parts or partiessensitive capable of feeling reacting or appreciation quickly or

easilysensitivity the condition of being sensitive

Sort 11 Suffixes (-al, -ial, -ic)

Often are adjectives from nouns OR nouns from verbs

-al, -ial, -ic = associated with/relating to

fictional of, constituting, of or used in fiction

comical causing laughter; funnyaccidental occurring unexpectedly and without plan; chancearrival the act of arrivinglogical of or based on logicbetrayal the act of betrayingmusical of, related to, or used to make musicglobal of or having to do with the whole world or a large part of

itcoastal of, on, or near a coastburial the burying of a dead bodyterritorial of or having to do with a territory or territoriesindustrial of, engaged in, or having to do with industrytutorial to give or receive private instruction.immemorial reaching back beyond everybody’s memory; very oldeditorial of or having to do with an editor or editingmagnetic capable of being attracted by a magnetpoetic of, like, relating to or suitable for poetry or poetsIslamic Muslimalphabetic alphabeticalheroic of, like, or proper for a hero or heroinepatriotic having or showing love, loyalty, and devotion towards

one’s countryrhythmic rhythmicalangelic of or having to do with angelsdramatic of or having to do with plays or with theater

Sort 12 Adjective Suffixes (-ful, -ous, -ious)

-ful, -ous, -ious = full of/having the qualities ofBase words are usually nouns that change to adjectives when the suffix is added.

delightful giving joy or pleasuresuccessful reaching a favorable or desired outcome; achieving

good resultswasteful tending to waste things, as food, money, or materialsstressful causing stress.wonderful causing wonder or aweshameful deserving or bringing shameboastful given to boasting or braggingcheerful happy; joyousbeautiful giving pleasure or delight to the senses or the minddangerous full of danger or risk; unsafehumorous full of or using humor; funny; amusingmountainous full of mountainspoisonous being, containing, or having the effect of a poisonvigorous full of vigor; robust; energeticfamous very well known and often mentioned or praised;

celebratedscandalous causing scandal; disgraceful; shockingnervous showing unusual or abnormal restlessness, anxiety, or

tensionmarvelous causing astonishment and wonder; amazingenvious full of envystudious devoted to studyingglorious full of or deserving gloryrebellious taking part in a rebellionfurious very angryoutrageous violently cruel or wrong

Sort 13 Verb Suffixes (-en, -ize, -ify)

Most often adding these suffixes create verbs.-en, -ize, -ify = to be or to cause to be

frighten to fill with sudden fearstraighten to make or become straightdampen to make or become dampsweeten to make or become sweet or sweeter

lengthen to make or grow longerforbidden to refuse to allowmistaken wrongcapitalize to begin with or write in capital letterscivilize to bring from a primitive way of life into a state of

civilizationsymbolize to be a symbol of; representidolze to love or admire blindly or too muchvisualize to form a mental image ofenergize to give energy, force or strength to; make activeharmonize to arrange or be in musical harmonymemorize to commit to memory; learn by heartsummarize to make a summary of; sum upapologize to make an apology ; ask pardon or express regret for

somethingclassify to put or divide into classes or groupsdiversify to give variety to, as by adding different things or

changing; varyfalsify to change or give a wrong idea of so as t deceivebeautify to make beautiful or loveliersimplify to make more simple, plain, or easypurify to make or become pure or cleananalyze to make an analysis of

Sort 14 Adding –ion to Base Words No Spelling Change

Base –ct + -tionBase –ss + -sion-ion = the act or result

collect to gather; assemblecollection the act of collectingprotect to shield or defend from attack, harm, or injury

protection being protectedsubtract to remove or take away, as a part from a wholesubtraction the act or process of subtractingselect to take in preference to another or others; chooseselection the act of selecting; choiceconnect to join together; linkconnection the act of connectingconstruct to make by putting parts together; buildconstruction the act of constructingexpress to tell in words; stateexpression the saying or putting into words of somethingdiscuss to talk over or consider; exchange ideas or opinions

aboutdiscussion argument on or consideration of a subjectoppress to burden or keep down by unjust use of force or

authorityoppression the act of oppressionpossess to have as property; ownpossession the fact or condition of possessingconfess to admit, concede, or acknowledgeconfession the act of confessing; acknowledgment; admission,

especially of faults or guiltimpress to affect the mind or feelings ofimpression an effect on the mind, senses, or feelings

Sort 15 Adding –ion and –ian, No Spelling Change

Base –t + ionBase –ic + ian-ion = a specialist/a person who does something-ian = relating to/belonging to/resembling

invent to think out or bring into being for the first timeinvention something inventeddigest to change (food) chemically in the stomach and

intestines into a form that can be absorbed by the bodydigestion the act or process of digesting, as fooddesert to leave a person, place, or thing, especially if one has a

duty to stay; abandondesertion the action of desertingsuggest to put forward as a proposal; proposesuggestion the act of suggestingadopt to take (a child) by legal means into one’s family to be

raised as one’s own childadoption the act of adoptinginsert to put or place in somethinginsertion the action of insertingdistort to twist or bend out of the normal shapedistortion the act of distortingprevent to keep from happeningprevention the act of preventingmagic the use of such things as formulas, charms, or rites to

gain supposed supernatural powersmagician a person who performs magic, especially an entertainer

specializing in magic tricksmusic the art of combining sounds, usually of voices or

instruments, into patterns that are organized and expressive

musician a person who is skilled in music, especially a professional composer or performer of music

electric consisting of or having to do with electricityelectrician a person who designs, installs, operates, or repairs

electrical equipment or machineryclinic a special department of a hospital or medical school

where people can come in for medical treatmentclinician a person who works in a clinicSort 16 Adding –ion, E-drop, and Spelling Change

Base ends in –te …drop e + -ionBase ends in –de/d…drop d/de +sion

operate to work or runoperation the act, method, or process of operatingcreate to cause to come into existencecreation the act of creating or formingdecorate to make more fancy, pretty, or attractive by adding

ornaments or frills

decoration the act of decoratingillustrate to explain or make clear, as by examples or

comparisonsillustration a picture, as one in a book, used to explain or decorateimitate to try to act or look the same wayimitation the act of imitatingexplode to burst or cause to burst violently and with noiseexplosion a sudden blowing up or burstingerode to wear away or gradually destroy by constant action, as

of water, wind, friction or aciderosion the wearing away of gradual destruction of somethingallude to refer to something indirectly; just mentionallusion a slight or casual mention or suggestion of somethinginvade to enter by force with the purpose of conqueringinvasion the act of invadingconclude to end; finishconclusion the end of something; finish; closecomprehend to understand; graspcomprehension the act of understandingexpand to make or become largerexpansion the act of expanding

Sort 17 Adding –ation, cation, and -ition

Base + ationBase ends –e… drop the –e + ationBase ends –y… change –y to –I + cation+ ition

information the act of informing or an informed conditionconsideration the act of thinking carefullypresentation the act of presenting, giving, or introducingrelaxation the act of relaxing

temptation the act of temptingtransportation the act of transportingexpectation a looking forward to something; anticipationorganization the act of organizingimagination the power to picture absent, unknown, or unreal things in

the mindreservation the act of reservingstarvation the act of starvingquotation something said or written by one person repeated

exactly by another personexamination the act of examining; careful inspectionmemorization the act of committing to memoryapplication the act of applyingidentification the act of identifyingjustification the act of justifyingpurification the act of purifyingbeautification the act of beautifyinggratification the act of gratifyingnotification the act of notifying or giving noticeaddition the act or process of addingpartition a division or separationedition the particular form in which a literary work is published

Sort 18 Consonant Alternation

Silent consonant words change word to sounded consonant

sign a symbol, object, or action that stands for something else

signature the name of a person written by himself or herselfbomb a container filled with a material that explodes or burns

violently when set off, as by a time fusebombard to shell or bombsoften to make or become soft or softersoft not a hard or brittle

muscle one of the bundles of fibrous tissue in the body that, by contraction and stretching produce the body’s voluntary and involuntary movements

muscular of, using, or made of musclecrumb a tiny broken piece, as of bread or cakecrumble to break into crumbs or tiny piecesdesign a plan or sketch to be used as pattern for making

somethingdesignate to point out; indicatecolumn a feature article, usually by one person, that appears

regularly in a newspaper or magazinecolumnist a person who writes a column in a newspaper or

magazinehymn a song of praise, especially to Godhymnal a book of church hymnsresign to give up (an office or position)resignation the act of resigninghasten to move or act with speed; hurryhaste swiftness of movement or actionsolemn majestic, impressive, and awe-inspiringsolemnity a serious or religious ceremony or servicemoisten to make or become moistmoist slightly wet or damp

Sort 19 Vowel Alternation: Long to Short

Notice how the word sounds different.

please to give pleasurepleasant giving pleasure; pleasingmine a large hole or deep tunnel made for removing minerals

from the earthmineral a natural substance that is not a plant or animal and has

a fairly definite physical and chemical makeup, as quartz or diamond

breathe to draw air into and let it out from the lungs; respire

breath air drawn into and sent out from the lungsrevise to read carefully so as to correct errors or make

improvements and changesrevision the act of revisingnature the overall pattern or system of objects, forces and

events in the universenatural produced by or existing in nature; not artificialcave a natural hollow beneath the surface of the earth, having

an opening to the outsidecavity a hollow or sunken place; hollowathlete a person with skill in sports or games that take strength,

speed, or dexterity as football, tennis or runningathletic of, for, or having to do with athletics or an athletetype a class, kind, or group of persons or things that have

one or more characteristics in commontypical having qualities or features common to the whole group

or classcrime an action that is against the law, especially a serious

wrongdoing for which one can be severely punishedcriminal a person who has committed a crimehumane kind, merciful, compassionatehumanity the state or quality of being human; human natureignite to set on fire; make burnignition the act of igniting or of being ignitedprecise strictly; accurate; exactprecision the condition or quality of being precise; accuracy

Sort 20 Vowel Alternation: Long to Short or Schwa

Think about how to spell base word.

volcano an opening in the earth’s crust from which hot gases, lava, and ashes are thrown up, forming a cone shaped hill or mountain with a central crater

volcanic of, produced by, or thrown up form a volcanoconspire to plan with one another secretly to commit an evil or

unlawful act; plotconspiracy a secret plan of two or more persons to do an evil or

unlawful act; plot

serene clear; fair; calmserenity peacefulness; reposedivine of, coming from, or having to do with God or a goddivinity the quality of being divinecompose to make up; formcomposition the makeup of somethingcompete to take part in a contestcompetition effort to get something wanted by others or to excel

othersadmire to regard or look upon with wonder, pleasure, and

approvaladmiration a feeling of wonder, approval, and satisfactioncustodian a guardian or keepercustody care and control; guardianshipdefine to give the exact meaning of a word or termdefinition the act of defininginvite to ask someone courteously to come to a place or

perform some actioninvitation an asking of someone to come to a place or do

somethingreside to make one’s home; liveresident a person who lives in a certain place, not a visitoroppose to act or be in opposition to; resist; flightopposition the act of opposing or being opposite or contrary

Sort 21 Adding Suffix –ity; Vowel Alternation, Schwa to Short

-ity = state/quality

personal of or having to do with a particular person or personspersonality The qualities or characteristics that make one person

different from every other personhostile of, having to do with, or belonging to an enemyhostility an unfriendly feeling; dislike or hatemental of or having to do with the mindmentality in or with the mindfatal causing death

fatality a death brought about through some disaster or accidentgeneral of, for, from, or having to do with everyone or with the

wholegenerality the conditioner quality of being generalbrutal of or like a brute; cruelbrutality being brutallocal of or having to do with a neighborhood, region, or

relatively small arealocality a certain place, area, region or the likemobile easily transported or moveablemobility the ability to move or be moved freelyformal strictly or stiffly following set rules or patternsformality formal character or qualityfertile producing or able to produce abundant crops or

vegetationfertility the characteristic or condition of being fertileoriginal of or belonging to the beginning of something; earliest;

firstoriginality the ability to be new and original in what one does or

thingsindividual singleindividuality a quality or trait that makes a person or thing different

from all others

Sort 22 Vowel Alternations: Long, Short, and Schwa

How does the vowel sound in the accented syllable change?

suffice to be sufficientsufficient equal to what is needed; enough; adequatedemocrat a person who believes in government by the peopledemocracy a form of government in which the people rule, either by

voting directly or by electing representatives to manage the government and make the laws

wise having or showing wisdomwisdom good judgment and knowledge of what is true or right,

based on experiencedecide to make up one’s mind; come to a decisiondecision a making up of one’s mindpreside to be in authority, as over a meeting; act as chairman or

presidentpresident a person chosen to direct or control an organized body,

as a business or collegeinspire to fill with a certain thought, feeling, or desire to do

somethinginspiration a good idea or impulse that comes to someone, usually

suddenlymandate a formal, usually written command from someone in

authoritymandatory demanded or required by custom, duty, or someone in

authoritynarrate to tell or relate, as a storynarrative an account, story, or talemetallic of or having to do with metalmetal any of the class of usually gray or white lustrous

elements that lose electrons and become positive ions that form bases in chemical reactions with nonmetals

emphatic spoken or done with emphasisemphasis a stressing by the voice of a particular syllable, word, or

phrasehabit an act or practice done so often that it becomes almost

automatic and is difficult to stophabitat the place where a plant or animal normally grows or

livesexcel to be better than; surpassexcellent extremely good; superiorSort 23 Adding –ion: Vowel Alternation, Spelling Change

Some words that follow a pattern using –ion.

exclaim to cry out suddenly or speak with force, as in surprise or anger

exclamation the act of exclaimingproclaim to announce publicly; make known; declareproclamation a proclaimingacclaim to hail and declare by acclamationacclamation a shout or some other indication of general approval or

welcome

explain to make plain or understandableexplanation the act or process of explaining somethingreclaim to bring (as a swamp or desert) into a condition to

support cultivation or life, as by draining or irrigatingreclamation to bring back from a bad stateassume to take as or as if true; supposeassumption the act of assumingpresume to take for granted; assume; supposepresumption speech or conduct that is too bold or arrogantconsume to destroy, as by burning

to eat or drinkconsumption the act of using up or destroyingresume to begin again after stoppingresumption a beginning again after stoppingreceive to get or accept something offered, given, or sentreception the act or way of receiving or being receivedperceive to become aware of by means of one of the sensesperception the act or power of perceiving through a sense or the

senses

Sort 24 Multiple Alternations

Word families by spelling and meaning.

critic a person who judges the quality or value of books, art, plays, opera, music, or the like

critical apt to find fault; disapprovingcriticize to find fault with; judge severelypolitics the science or technique of government; political sciencepolitical of, having to do with, or involved in government or

politicspolitician a person who takes part in or is skillful at politics

public of or by the people as a wholepublicize to bring to the attention of the public; give publicitypublicity any information intend to bring a person or thing to the

attention of the publicexcept with the exception of; leaving out; butexception a leaving out; exclusionexceptional not ordinary; unusualphysics the science dealing with matter, energy, motion, and

their interrelations, including the study of mechanics, heat, sound, light, electricity, and magnetism

physical of or having to do with the bodyphysicist a student of or specialist in physicsfamily a unit consisting of parents and their childrenfamiliar well acquainted, as through experience or studyfamiliarity thorough acquaintance, as with a subjectnation a group of people who live in a particular area, have a

distinctive way of life, and are organized under a central government

national of, belonging to, or having to do with a nation as a wholenationality a group of people who form a nationspirit the life-giving force within a living thing; especially a

person’s soulspiritual of, like, or having to do with the soul or spiritspirituality the state of being spiritual.

Sort 25 Greek and Latin Number Prefix (mono-, uni-, bi- tri-)

mono = one uni- = one bi- = two tri- = three

monolingual a person who speaks only one languagemonologue a long speech by one personmonotonous not changing in pitch or tonemonopoly exclusive control of a product or service in a certain area

by a single person or groupmonorail a railway whose cars run on or are suspended from a

single track or railmonotone a succession of syllables or words uttered in a single

toneuniform always the same; not varying or changinguniversal of, for, common to, or involving allunilateral on or by one side onlyunify to bring or come together into one; unitebilingual written or expressed in two languagesbiceps a large muscle in the front part of the arm above the

elbowbisect to cut into two parts, especially of equal sizebinary made up of or having to do with two parts or elementsbimonthly occurring every second monthbifocals having one part for seeing objects close up, and one for

distant objectsbiennial occurring every second yeartriangle a plane figure have three sides and three anglestriad a group of three, usually closely related persons or

thingstriceratops a large plant-eating dinosaur that had a horn above each

eye and one above the nose and a heavy horny plate covering the neck

trilogy a group of three plays or sometimes three novels or musical compositions, each complete in itself but making with the others a related series

triathlon an endurance race made up of three long-distance events; running, swimming, and bicycling

tripod a three legged stand for a camera or other instrumenttrillion in the us, a thousand billion 1,000,000,000,000

Sort 26 More Number Prefixes

quadr- quar- = four quint-/pent- = five oct- = eight dec- = tencent- = hundred

quartet a musical composition for four voices or instrumentsquarter one of four equal parts that make up a wholequadrangle a closed figure bounded by four straight linesquadruped a four-footed animalquadruple being four times as large or four times as manyquadruplets one of four children produced by one mother in a single

birth

quintet a group of five people playing music or singing togetherquintuplets one of five children born of the same mother at one birthquintessence the most essential part of anything, usually in a very

pure or concentrated formthe fifth and highest element in ancient and medieval philosophy

quintessential being most typicalof or related to quintessence

pentagon a closed figure having five straight sides and five anglesoctet in music a composition for eight voices or instrumentsoctagon a closed plane figure bounded by eight straight lines that

form eight interior anglesoctave the shortest distance between two musical tones that

have the same nameany group or series of eight

decimal a fraction written using base ten and place values to show 10 or 10 multiplied by itself some number of times as its denominator, as 0.3 (3/10)

decathlon an athletic even in which each competitor takes part in the same prescribed ten events

decade a period of ten yearsdecimate to destroy or kill a large part of centimeter a measure of length, equal to 1/100 of a metercentury a period of 100 yearscentigrade another name for Celsiuscentennial lasting or having an age of 100 yearsbicentennial a 200th anniversary or its celebrationpercentage proportion in a hundred parts; rate per hundred

Sort 27 Greek and Latin Elements: Size (micro-, mega-, super-, hyper-)

micro- = small mega- = great super- = over/above hyper- = over/beyond

microwave an electromagnetic wave having a frequency between about 1,000 and 30,000 megahertz

microcosm a little worldmicroscope an instrument usually consisting of a combination of

lenses, used to magnify objects too small to be seen or clearly observed by the naked eye

microbus a small bus

microfilm film used to take tiny photographs of printed matter, as papers, records, or books

microsurgery surgery through a microscopemicrobe an organism too tiny to be seen except with a

microscope, especially one of the bacteria that cause disease; germ

megaphone a funnel-shaped tube which one talks or yells through to make the voice sound loud and go far

megalopolis an extensive highly populated region, usually made up of several cities and their suburbs and considered to be a single urban unit

megabyte a unit of computer memory; one million bytesmegadose a very large dose of medicine or vitiminsmegahit a product or event, such as a movie or concert, that is

exceedingly successfulsupermarket a large grocery store in which the customers select

goods from the shelves and pay as they leavesuperhero a fictional hero having extraordinary or superhuman

powerssuperhighway a divided highway for traffic moving at high speeds,

generally having four or more traffic lanessuperhuman above or beyond the humansuperstar a very popular, much publicized, and usually highly paid

star, as in the movies, television or sportssuperego the part of a person’s mind that acts as a self-critial

conscience, reflecting social standards learned from parents and teachers

superpower a powerful nation that plays a dominant, competitive role in international powers

hyperactive excessively activehyperventilate to take very rapid or deep breaths, causing dizzinesshyperbole an obviously exaggerated statement made for dramatic

effecthypercritical too critical; very difficult to pleasehypersensitive excessively sensitive

Sort 28 Greek Roots (tele, phon, photo, graph)

tele- = distant phon- = sound photo- = light graph- = write

television the devices and methods by which moving images, usually with sound are changed into variations of an electromagnetic wave that travel through space or cables to a receiver

telecast a program broadcast by televisiontelegraph a device for sending and receiving messages by means

of a series of electrical and electromagnetic pulsestelegram a message sent by telegraph

telephoto a lens with a longer focal length than standard, giving a narrow field of view and a magnified image

telephone a system for sending and receiving speech by electricityphonics the use of simple phonetic spellings to teach reading

and pronunciationphonograph a device that reproduces sound from the ridges and

bends in the grooves of a recordheadphone an earphone held to the ear by a band that fits over the

headhomophone any of two or more words that are pronounced alike but

have different meanings, origins, and usually spellingsmicrophone a device that converts sound waves into alternating

electric currents used for broadcasting and amplifying sound

xylophone a musical instrument having wooden bars of different sizes that are sounded by being struck with mallets

symphony a piece of music written to be played by a symphony orchestra and usually consisting of four movements

photograph to take a picture or a picture of with a cameraphotocopier a machine used to make photocopiesphotosynthesis the process by which plants, in the presence of

chlorophyll, and using energy from the sun, form carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water

photographer a person who takes pictures or makes a business of photography

photogenic having qualities that photograph wellgraphic of or having to do with written or drawn representationsgraphite a soft, black, slippery form of carbon, used as lead for

pencilsparagraph a distinct, separate part or section of something writtenautograph a person’s name written in that person’s own

handwritingchoreography the planning of movements for dance performancescalligraphy the art of handwriting

Sort 29 More Greek Roots (geo, therm, scope, meter, logy)

geo = earth therm = heat scope = target/see meter = measure logy = study

geography the study of the features of the earth’s surface, sometimes also including its peoples, natural resources, and climates

geology the study of the origin, history, and structure of the earth, especially as recorded in rocks

geothermal of, having to do with, or produced by the earth’s internal heat

geode a small hollow stone whose inside wall is lined with crystals

geometry the branch of mathematics that studies the relations among points, lines, angles, surfaces and solids

thermal of, having to do with, using, or caused by heatthermometer an instrument for measuring temperaturethermostat a device that automatically regulates temperaturethermos a bottle for keeping liquids hot or cold by means of a

vacuum surrounding an inner containertelescope an instrument that uses lenses, and sometimes mirrors,

to make far off objects look nearer or largerperiscope a tube with mirrors and lenses so arranged in it that an

observer can see over an obstructionstethoscope a small, portable instrument by which doctors can hear

sounds produced in the chest, especially in the lungs and heart

microscope an instrument usually consisting of a combination of lenses, used to magnify objects too small to be seen or clearly observed by the naked eye

horoscope the position of the sun, moon, and planets in the zodiac at a certain time used to predict a person’s future by astrology

perimeter the outer boundary or the length of the outer boundary of any plane figure

barometer an instrument for measuring air pressure, used for such purposes as forecasting weather

millimeter in the metric system, a unit a length equal to one thousandth of a meter

kilometer in the metric system, a unit of length equal to 1,000 meters

diameter a line segment joining two points on a circle or sphere and passing through its center

speedometer an instrument that shows a driver at what speed the vehicle is traveling

mythology a group or collection of myths, especially of a particular people

ecology the study of the relationships between living things and their surroundings

zoology the science that has to do with animals and their classification, structure, and development

etymology the history of a word, showing how the word developed into its present form and meaning

Sort 30 Latin Roots (spect, port, form)

spect = to look at port = to carry form = shape

inspection careful or critical examination of somethingperspective the art of drawing or painting objects on a flat surface in

such a way that they appear to have depth and distanceretrospect a viewing or consideration of past times or eventsspectator a person who watches an event without taking part in itinspector a person who inspects, especially in an official capacityprospect the act of looking ahead; expectationaspect appearance; look

spectacle something exhibited to the public, especially something grand and showy

spectacular amazing to beholdprospector a person who explores a region for gold or other

valuable resourcesexport to send to other countries for sale or tradeportable that can be easily carried or movedimport to bring into a country from abroadtransport to carry or convey from one place to anotherreporter a person who reports, especially one employed by a

newspaperportfolio a portable case for holding things, as papers and

drawingsimportant having much significance, value, or influencesupport to bear the weight of; hold up or hold in placeconform to make similar; adaptdeformed to spoil the shape or appearance offormat the form, size, arrangement and style of a printed

publicationformation the act of formingreform to make better, as by correcting wrongs or abusestransform to change the form or appearance of

Sort 31 Latin Roots (dic, aud, vis)

dic = to say/speak aud = to hear vis = to see

dictate to say or read aloudcontradict a binding agreement between two or more parties,

especially a written oneunpredictable not able to be predicted or known in advancedictator a person who rules a country with absolute poweredict an official order, rule, or law that is made known to the

public by a formal announcement; decreedictionary a reference book that lists words in a language in

alphabetical order and gives information about the wordprediction the act of predictingaudible heard or capable of being heardauditorium a building or a large room in a building such as a school

or a church in which an audience can assembleaudition a trial hearing to test the skill or suitability as of an actor

or signer for a job or roleaudience a group of listeners or watchers as at a concert or playaudiotape magnetic tape on which sound can be recordedauditory of or having to do with hearingaudiovisual of, using, or perceptible to both hearing and sightvision the ability to seevisible capable of being seensupervisor a person who oversees and directs othersvista a view especially one shut in at the sides and reaching

into the distancevisitor a person who visitsinvisible not visible; not capable of being seenrevisit come back to or visit againlaudable deserving praise or approval; praiseworthy

Sort 32 Latin Roots (gress, rupt, tract, mot)

gress = to go rupt = to break tract = to draw/pull mot = to move

progress a moving forward in space

regress to go back; return, as to a former conditiondigress to turn aside from the main subjectaggressive quick to attack or start a fightegress a way of getting out; exittransgress to break or violate as a law or an oathinterrupt to cause something or someone to stop by breaking inerupt to cast forth, as lava or steamrupture the act of breaking apartabrupt suddendistrupt to break up or interfere withdetract to take away a part;; withdraw somethingdistract to draw (as the mind) from something claiming attentiontraction the act of pulling or drawing over a surfaceattract to cause to come near without visible connectionextract to take out as by pulling or squeezingtractor a powerful motor-driven vehicle used, as on farms, for

pulling a plow or reaperpromote to contribute to the progress, development, or growth ofmotion any change in position or location; movementdemote to reduce to a lower grade, rank or positionlocomotive the act or power of moving from one place to anothermotivate to provide with a motiveemotion a strong feeling, such as love, anger, fear, sorrow or joyemoticon a sideways facial glyph used in e-mail to indicate an

emotion or attitude :)

Sort 33 Latin Roots (fract, flect/flex, ject, mis/mit)

fract = to break flect/flex = to bend ject = to throw mis/mit = to send

fracture the act of breaking, as the breaking or cracking of a bone

fraction a part taken from a wholeinfraction an act or instance of breaking a rule or lawfractious hard to control; unrulyreflect to throw or cast back an image offlexible capable of being bent or twisted without breaking

deflect to turn aside from its regular coursereflex an action not controlled by the will, performed in

response to the stimulation of a nerve or group of nervesinflexible that cannot be bent, altered, or changed; rigidreflector a polished surface for reflecting light, heat, or soundreject to refuse to take, recognize, believe, or granteject to throw or put out; expelprojector a device for projecting slides or movies onto a screeninjection the act of injecting (to drive or shoot in)project something thought of in the mind; plantrajectory the curved path followed by a projectile or a comet in its

flightobject anything that is or may be seen or touchedtransmit to send or pass on from one person or place to anotheremissions the act or process of emittingadmit to allow to enter or joinpermit to allow; letmission the task, business, or duty that a person or group is

sent forth to dosubmit to give up; yield to the authority, power or will of anothersubmission the act of submitting or giving in

Sort 34 Latin Roots (man, scrib/script, cred, fac)

man = hand scrib/script = to write cred = to believefac = to make

manual of or having to do with the handsmanuscript something, as a book, article, or document, written by

hand or typedmanicure the cosmetic care of the hands and fingernailsmanure any substance used to fertilize soils, as dungmandate a formal usually written command from someone in

authority

maneuver a planned movement or action as of troops or warshipsmanufacture to make a product, especially on a large scale and with

machinerytranscribe to copy or recopy in handwriting or typewriting from an

original notesprescribe to set down as a rule or direction to be followed or

obeyed; orderprescription a physician’s formula for preparing and ordering a

medicine, usually with direction about its useinscribe to write, mark, or engraveincription something, as words or letters, that is inscribedscribe a person who copies manuscripts by handsubscription the act of subscribing scribble to write in a hasty or careless wayincredible so strange, unusual or extraordinary as to be

unbelievablecredible believablecredence belief in the truth of; trustdiscredit to cause to be doubted; consider unacceptable or

untrustworthyincredulous feeling, having or showing doubt or disbelieffactory a building or group of buildings whre goods are

manufactured or assembledartifact anything made by human work or artfacsimlie an exact copy facilitate to make easier or more convenient

Sort 35 Latin Roots (duc/duct, sequ/sec, flu, ver/vert)

duc/duct = lead sequ/sec = follow flu = flow ver/vert = turn

introduction the act of introducinginduce to influence someone to do something; persuadeconductor a person who leads or guidesabduct to carry off or lead away a person unlawfully; kidnapreduce to make less in size or amounteducate to teach, develop, or traindeduct to take away; subtractsequel something that follows, usually as a development of

what went beforeconsequence a result or effectsubsequent following in time, place, or ordersect a group of people who share the same beliefs or who

follow the same leader or teacherconsecutive following each other without a breakfluid any substance able to flow easilyfluent able to speak or write with smoothness or easeinflux a continuous flowing or coming in, as of people or thingsaffluence plenty of money or property; wealthfluctuate to change or move in an irregular manner or up and

downsuperfluous more than is needed or called for; unecessaryreverse turned, facing, or done backward or upside downinverse opposite or reversed in order, direction or effectconvert to change, turn, or transformvertigo a feeling of dizzinessconversation an exchange of ideas by informal talk; talkextravert a person chiefly interested in other things or people

rather than in his or her own thoughts and feelings

Sort 36 Latin Roots (bene, mal) and Prefixes (ante-, post-)

bene = good/well mal = bad ante- = before post- = after

benefit something that is helpful; help; advantagebeneficial tending to help or benefit; useful or helpful;benefactor a person who has given help or moneybenevolent desiring or showing the desire to do goodbenediction an asking of God’s blessing at the end of a religious

servicemalfunction to fail to work properlymalevolent wishing evil to others; malicious

dismal dark, gloomy, and depressingmalaria a disease spread by the bite of an infected anopheles

mosquito and marked by recurrent attacks of chills, fever and sweating

malcontent discontented or dissatisfied; rebelliousmalefactor a person who commits a crimemalice an intention or desire to hurt or injure someone; ill will;

spitemalicious showing or having malice; spitefulmaladroit lacking skill; clumsy; awkwardantebellum of before the American Civil Warante meridian between 12 o’clock midnight and 11:59 in the morningantedate to come or happen beforeanterior at, near, or toward the front; forepostpone to put off to a future time; delaypost meridian the part of the day from noon to midnightpostbellum period after the Civil Warpostmortem happening or performed after deathposterior situated behind or toward the back partpostscript any message added to a letter below the writer’s

signature

Sort 37 Greek and Latin Elements: Amounts (magni, min, poly, equ, omni)

magni = great min = small poly = much/many equ = equalomni = all

magnificent grand and stately; splendidmagnification the act or process of magnifyingmagnitude size or extentminiscule very smallminute the 60th part of an hour

very careful and precise in small detailsdiminish to make smaller or less; decrease

minimum the least amount possible or allowedminnow a small freshwater fish related to the carp, common in

North America and much used for bait mince to cut or chop food into small bitspolysyllabic having more than three syllablespolygon a closed plane figure bounded by three or more straight

linespolyglot expressed in or written in many languagespolytechnic having to do with or teaching many technical or scientific

subjectspolygamy the condition or practice of having more than one wife or

husband at a timeunequal not equal or balanced, as in size, strength, or abilityequitable just, fair, and reasonableequation in mathematics, a statement that two or more quantities

or groups of quantities are equalequanimity evenness of mind and dispositionequator an imaginary line that encircles the earth exactly halfway

between the North Pole and the South Poleequilateral having all the sides of the same lengthequivalent equal as in worth, force, or amountomnipotent not limited in power or authority; almightyomnivore an animal or person that eats food of both plant and

animal originomniscient knowing all things

Sort 38 Greek and Latin Elements: Related to the body (cap, corp, dent/don’t, ped/pod)

cap = head OR to take/seize dent/don’t = tooth corp = body ped/pod = foot

decapitate to cut off the head of; beheadcapitol official building of the US Congress in Washington DCcapital the city or town in a country or state which is the seat of

governmenta uppercase letter

capitalization the act or process of capitalizing

captain a military rankcorpse the dead body of a human beingcorps a branch of the armed forces having some special

functioncorpulent having a fleshy body; fatcorporal a military rankcorporation a group of people who have been given the legal power

to act as one persondentist a doctor whose job is caring for and treating the teethorthodontist a person that deals with straightening or adjusting

abnormally aligned or positioned teethperiodontal surrounding or encasing a toothdenturesindentpedal a lever or mechanical device pushed by the foot to

operate or control any of a number of things, as a bicycle or a machine

pedicure a treatment to improve the appearance of the toenails and feet

pedestal the base that supports a column, statue, vase, or the likecentipede any of various wormlike animals having many pairs of

legs and two poison fangs on the headimpede to put obstacles in the way of; obstructorthopedic of, or having to do with, or used in orthopedicspodiatrist a specialist in the care of feetpodium a small platform on which the conductor of an orchestra

standspedestrian a person who moves about on foot

Sort 39 Greek and Latin Roots (terr, astr/aster, aer, hydra/hydro)terr = earth aster/astr = star aer = air hydra/hydro = waterterrain an area of land, especially as considered with respect to

its use for military operations or some other purposeterritory the geographical area ruled by a nation, state, or

countryterrarium a transparent box in which small land animals or plants

are grown and keptsubterranean located or happening under the earthterrier any of various small, active dogs, formerly used to hunt

burrowing animalsextraterrestrial of, relating to, or originating beyond the Earth

astronomy the study of the stars, planets, and other heavenly bodies, including information on their makeup, positions, and motions

astronaut a person who travels in spaceastrology the study of the supposed influence of stars and planets

on humansasteroid any of thousands of small celestial bodies orbiting the

sun, mostly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiterasterisk a mark shaped like a star*disaster an event causing great distress or ruinaerosol a mass of extremely small liquid or solid particles

suspended in a gasaerial of or in the airaerobatics feats of spectacular flying performed in one or more

aircraft to entertain an audience on the groundaerobics vigorous physical exercises designed to increase the

body’s capacity to take in and utilize oxygenaeronaut a person who flies an aircraft, especially a balloonaerospace the earth’s atmosphere and outer space, considered as

a single regiondehydrated to take water out of hydrant a large upright pipe coming from a water main, from

which water may be drawn hydraulic of or having to do with a liquid in motionhydrogen the lightest and most abundant of the elements, a

colorless, odorless, highly flammable gashydrate a chemical compound that contains waterhydrofoil a device similar to a shore airplane wing, attached to a

boat below the waterline in order to lift the hull out of the water to allow for greater speeds

Sort 40 Latin Roots (gen, mort, bio)

gen = birth/beginning/family mort = death bio =life

generate to produce or cause to begenesis origin; beginningprogenitor an ancestorgeneric characteristic of or indicating a whole group, genus, or

classgenre type, kind, sort, or classregenerate to cause to become better morally or spirituallyprogeny children; descendants

genetic of or having to do with geneticsgene a segment of chromosomal DNA governing the

production of a specific proteingeneration the act or process of generating

any group of people born at about the same timemortal certain to die eventuallyimmortal living, lasting, or remembered forevermortician a funeral dirctor; undertakermortified to deprive of self-respect or pride; humiliatemortgage a claim on property, given as security for a loanbiology the science of life and of the ways in which living things

grow, develop, and reproducemicrobiology the branch of biology concerned with the study of

microorganismsbiodegradable capable of being broken down into simpler or harmless

substances by the action of living things, especially bacteria

antibiotic a substance such as penicillin, produced by a microorganism or fungus, that kills or weakens microorganisms harmful to people

amphibious living or adapted to life onland or in waterbiography an account of a person’s lifeautobiography the story of a person’s life written by that personbiome a major regional or global biotic communitybiotic of or having to do with life or living things

Sort 41 Latin Roots (ven/vent, junct, spir, sec/sect)

ven/vent = to come junct = to going spir = to breathe sec/sect = to cut

convene to come together; assembleconvention a meeting or assembly for some purposeintervene to come in to change a situationintervention the act of interveningavenue a street, especially a broad onepreventive intended or used to prevent something, as harm or

disease

junction a point where things meet or joinjuncture a joint or unionadjunct something added to a main thing, less important and not

needed, but helpfulconjunction combination; associationperspire to sweatrespiration breathinginspiration a good idea or impulse that comes to someone, usually

suddenlyaspiration a great hope or desire; ambitionconspiracy a second plan of tow or more persons to do an evil or

unlawful act; plottranspire to give off waste products in the form of moisture from

the surface, as the human body does or as leaves doexpire to end its term; run outspiritual of, like, or having to do with the soul or spiritdispirited to lose enthusiasm or hopedissect to cut apart so as to study the structuresection a separate part or division; portioninsect any of a large class of small animals with a head, thorax,

and abdomen, six legs, and usually two pairs of wingsintersection a crossing, especially a place where streets crosssectarian of, like, or devoted to a particular sect

Sort 42 Latin Roots (jud, leg, mod, biblio)

jud = to judge leg = law/to read mod = measure/manner of doing biblio = book

prejudice an unfair opinion or judgment formed in advance of or without examination of the available facts

adjudicate to consider and settle a case according to judicial procedures

judiciary the branch of government that interprets and applies the law

misjudge to judge wrongly or unfairly

judgment the act of judginglegislate to make lawslegalistic strict adherence to the law or a particular coeallegiance loyalty to a government or rulerprivilege a special benefit, favor, or advantage enjoyed only under

special conditionslegally of or having to do with the lawlegacy something as money or property, that has been left to

one by a willdelegate a person sent with authority to act for a group;

representativelegible easy to readlegend a story that has come down from earlier times and is

often thought by many people to be partly trueillegible not printed or written clearly enough to be read; hard or

impossible to readbibliography a list of the writings of an author, or of the writings about

a certain subjectbibliophile a person who loves or collects booksbiblical of or having to do with the Biblemoderate not extreme or excessivemode a way; methodmodern of or having to do with present or recent timeremodel to model againmodality modal quality; a tendency to conform to a general

patternmodification the act of modifying

Sort 43 Greek and Latin Roots (voc/voke, ling/lang, mem, psych)

voc = voice/call ling = language mem = mind psych = mind/mental

vocal of, having to do with, or made by the voicevocalize to sing speak, or make vocal soundsprovocative serving or tending to arouse one, as by making one

puzzled, angry, interested, or amusedadvocate to speak or write in favor of; defend; supportinvoke to call upon for help or protection, as in a prayervocation a profession, career, or trade

provoke to make angry or resentful; irritatelinguist a person who speaks several languageslingo a language or talk that seem outlandish or is not

understoodlanguage the sounds spoken and heard or the symbols written and

read by human beings to express emotions and ideas or to record facts

linguini pasta formed into long, narrow, flat stripsmultilingual knowing more than one languageslang an informal, often short-lived kind of language used in

place of standard words for added vividness or humormemory the mental act of or capacity for rememberingmemorial devoted to the memory of a person or eventremember to bring back to the mind or memorycommemorate to honor or keep fresh the memory ofmemorandum a brief note of something to be rememberedimmemorial ancient beyond memorymemento anything kept or given as a reminder of the past;

souvenirpsychology the study of the mind and the way it workspsychiatrist a doctor who treats people who are mentally illpsyche the human soul or mindpsyched to prepare mentally and emotionally

Sort 44 Greek and Latin Roots (path, sens/sent, med/medi, sol)

path = disease/suffering sens/sent = sense med/medi = healsol - alone

sympathy the condition of being affected by another’s stateapathy lack of feelingtelepathy communication from one mind to another, apparently

received without use of hearing, sight, or touchantipathy a strong feeling of dislike or aversionempathy the capacity to share another person’s feelings or

thoughts

pathetic arousing, expressing, or deserving pity or sympathy; pitiful

pathology the branch of medical science concerned with the origin, nature, causes, and development of disease

sensation the awareness of stimulation of any of the senses, as sight, smell, or touch

sensational causing great excitement or interestsentiment a delicate or refined feelingdissent to hold or express a different opinion or belief; disagreesensitivity capable of feeling, reacting, or appreciating quickly or

easilymedicine any substance used in treating disease, in healing, or in

relieving painremedy something that cures, relieves, or correctsremedial providing a remedymedivac medical evacuationmedic a medical doctor or internsolo a musical composition or passage for a single voice or

instrumentsoliloguy the act of talking to oneselfsolitaire any of several card games that an be played by one

persondesolate lacking people; desertedsolitude the condition of being away from othersisolate to place apart or alone; separate form otherssole being the one and only

Sort 45 Prefixes (intra-, inter- intro-, circum-)

intra = within inter = between/among intro = in/inwardcircum = around

intramural happening between or among members of the same school or organization

intravenous into or within a veinintrapersonal existing or occurring within the individual self or mindintrastate relating to or existing within the boundaries of a stateintermural taking place between two different institutions or citiesinteract to act on each other; a study of the way students interact

in schoolinternational for or existing between or among nationsinterpersonal of or relating to the interactions between individualsinterstate one of a system of expressways covering the inner 48

statesintrovert a person whose main interest is directed inward toward

thoughts a feelings rather than toward the world outsideintrospective having to do with or tending toward introspectionintroduce to make acquainted; presentcircumference the boundary of any closed curve, especially a circlecircumnavigate to trap or get the better of by cleverness or slynesscircumscribe to limit; confinecircumvent to trap or get the better of by cleverness or slynesscircumstance something connected with an act or event

Sort 46 Latin Roots (press, pur/purg, fus, pend)

press = to press purg = to cleanse fuse = to pourpend = to hang

pressure the act of pressing or the condition of being pressedoppressive burdensome; harsh; crueldepression low spirits; gloom or sadnessimpressive producing a strong impression of admiration or aweespresso a full-flavored, concentrated form of coffeecompression the act of compressingpurge to remove what is impure or harmful from; make clean

expurgate remove matter thought to be objectionable or unsuitable from a book or account

purgatory a place or condition of temporary punishment meant to cleanse those destined for heaven but not quite ready for it

Puritan one of a group of Protestants of England and the American colonies who wanted stricter moral laws and simpler services in the Church of England

impure not pure or cleanpurification to make or become pure or cleantransfusion the process or an instance of transfusingdiffuse to spread out in all directionsconfuse to perplex; mix upinfusion the act of infusingprofuse giving lavishly; liberalpendulum a weight hung from a support and allowed to swing back

and forthsuspend to cause to hang down from a supportpendant anything that hangs from something else, especially an

ornament, as a jewel on a chainimpending likely to happen soon; imminentperpendicular straight up and down; verticalsuspenders a pair of strps worn over the shoulders for holding up the

trousersdepend to trust; rely

Sort 47 Latin Roots (pos, loc, sist, sta/stat/stit)

pos = to put/place loc = place sist = to stand sta/stat/stit = to stand

position the way a person or thing is placeddeposit to set down; place; putcompose to make up; form

to make calmdisposable made to be thrown away after useproposal a proposing; an offer of marriagerepository a place in which things may be stored for safe keeping

composite made up of separate parts; compoundlocate to place; situaterelocate to move to another placelocation a place or sitelocomotion the act or power of moving from one place to anotherdislocate to put or force out of joint, as a boneinsistent insisting or persistent; demandingpersistent preserving or undauntedresistance offering resistance; resistingconsistent sticking to the same principles or ways of actinginstability lack of stabilitystationary remaining in one place; fixed; not movablestatue a likeness, as of a person or animal, carved, molded, or

cast of a substance such as marble, wood, clay, bronzeobstacle something that stands in the way or interferes;

hindrance; obstructionestablish to set up, found or institute on a firm or lasting basissubstitute a person or thing that takes the lace of someone or

something elseconstitution the fundamental laws and principles set up to govern a

nation, state or associationinstitution an established organization with a special purpose

Sort 48 Latin Roots (ced/cess/ceed, ten/tend, lit)

ced/cess/ceed = to go ten/tend = to stretch/to be pulled/to hold lit = letter

proceed to go on, especially after a stopprocession a group, as of a persons or cars, arranged one behind

the other and moving in a formal way; paraderecede to move back; withdrawrecession a slight drop in business activity; slight depression

the act of receding or moving back

exceed to be greater or better thanprecede to be, go, or come before, as in order, place, rank, or

timesecede to withdraw from a union or association secession the act of secedingsucceed to accomplish what is planned or intended; be

successfultension the act of stretchingextend to stretch outextension the act of extendingtenuous thin; slim; delicatetendon a tough band of tissue that connects a muscle to a bonetendril a thin, curling stem or growth by which a climbing plant

attaches itself to somethingdistended to stretch out; expandtendency a leaning or inclination toward some condition or actionhypertension blood pressure that is much higher than normalliterature written works collectively, especially those showing

imagination and artistic skillliterate able to read and writealliteration the use of the same sound at the beginnings of stressed

wordsilliterate lacking the ability to read and writeliteral following the exact words and order of an originalobliterate to destroy completely; leave no trace of

Sort 49 Predictable Spelling changes in word roots (ceiv/cep, tain/ten, nounce/nunc)

ceiv/cep = to take tain/ten = to hold nounce/nunc = to report

deceive to cause to take as true something that is not true; fool or mislead, as by lying

preconceive formed in advancedeception the act of deceiving or trickingconceive to form or develop as an idea; imagineconception the act of forming an ideapreconception an idea formed in advancecontainer something, as a box, jar, cup, or can, used to hold

somethingdetain to keep from going ahead or leaving; hold back; delayattend to be present at; go toabstain to keep oneself back; refrain by choiceobtain to gain possession of, especially by effort; get; acquireretention the act of retainingdetention the act of detaining or confiningattention the act of or power of directing the mind, as in noticing or

concentrating on somethingabstention an abstaining or refraining, especially from votingretain to keep; hold;announce to give public notice of; proclaimpronounce to make the sound or sounds ofdenounce to speak against openly and strongly; call badpronunciation the act or way of saying words or soundsrenounce to give up; disowndenunciation the act of accusing another of a crime before a publicannouncement the act of announcingrenunciation the act of renouncing or of giving up

Sort 50 Suffixes (-ent/-ence, -ant/-ance_

Words with -ent/-ence go togetherWords with –ant/-ance go together

absent not present; awayabsence the state of being away or not presentconfident having confidence; assuredconfidence a feeling of trust; reliance; faithpatient able to wait for someone or something or to endure

unpleasant things without complaininga person treated for illness or injury

patience the condition or quality of being patient

different not the same; separate; distinctdifference a being unlike or differentobedient willing or tending to obey; complyingobedience the act, habit, or condition of obeying; compliance as

with rules, regulations or lawsintelligent having or showing intelligence; smart; brightintelligence the ability to understand and learn or to work out

problems requiring thoughtprominent jutting out; projecting

well knownprominence a being prominentfragrant sweet in smellfragrance sweetness of scent or smellassistant a person who assists; a helperassistance help; aid; supportdominant most powerful, influential, or importantdominance the state or condition of being dominant; authority;

controldefiant full of defiance; resistingdefiance bold opposition to power or authority; refusaldistant far off or remote in space or time distance the extent of space between two points

Sort 51 Suffixes (-ent/-ence/-ency, -ant/-ance/ancy)

-ency or –ancy = the state of

resident a person who lives in a certain place, not a visitorresidence the place where a person livesresidency the period during which a physician receives advanced

training in a specialtycompetent having enough ability; capablecompetence ability; capabilitycompetency competenceemergent arising unexpectedlyemergence a coming out or becoming known; appearance

emergency sudden and unexpected turn of events calling for immediate action

lenient gentle or merciful; not stern or severe; mildlenience leniencyleniency the quality of being lenient; gentleness; mercyabundant existing in plentiful supply; ampleabundance a full or plentiful supply; more than enoughabundancy abundancebrilliant sparkling or glowing with light; very brightbrilliance intense brightness or sparklebrilliancy brilliancehesitant lacking certainty; hesitating; doubtfulhesitance a feeling of diffidence and indecision about doing

somethinghesitancy the act or condition of hesitating; hesitation

Sort 52 Suffixes (-able, -ible)

-able is usually added to base words-ible is usually added to word roots

enjoyable giving pleasure; pleasant; satisfyingprofitable bringing profit or gainpredictable capable of being predictedperishable likely to decay or wither quicklylaughable causing or likely to cause laughter; ridiculous; funnypunishable deserving of or liable to punishmentadaptable changed or changing easily to fit conditionsattainable capable of being attained

questionable of or showing doubtful, as character, honesty, or morality; suspicious

decipherable to translate from cipher or code into plain language; decode

sustainable able to hold in position; supportinvincible not to be overcome or conquerededible suitable for food; fit to eateligible capable of or legally qualified for somethingplausible seeing reasonable on the surface and appearing worthy

to be believed or trusted, yet possibly deceivingindelible that cannot be erased or blotted outreproducible able to make a copy intangible not capable of being touched; not materialterrible causing terror or awefeasible capable of being done or put into effectcompatible able to get along together; agreeablecombustible capable of catching fire; easily burnedformidable causing fear or dread, as because of strength or sizecorruptible capable of being corrutpted

Sort 53 Adding –able and –ible (e-drop and y to i)

Just need to remember

reusable capable of being used againadorable worthy of love or adorationconsumable capable of being consumedexcusable that can be excused; pardonablevaluable being worth money or effort; having valueundesirable not desirable or pleasing; unwanted or objectionablepleasurable pleasantunimaginable impossible to imaginenoticeable attracting one’s attention; easily seen

replaceable capable of being replacedenforceable capable of being enforcedsalvageable capable of being salvagedknowledgeable having considerable knowledge or informationmanageable capable of being managed, controlled or directedexchangeable capable of being exchangedagreeable giving pleasure, pleasingreliable dependable, trustworthyundeniable too true or good to be denied or questionedidentifiable capable of being identifiedvariable likely or able to vary; changeablesensible having or showing wisdom or good judgmentdefensible capable defendedresponsible obliged to carry out or take care of, as a duty, trust, or

debtreversible capable of going either forward or backward

Sort 54 Accent and Doubling

If the word ends in a single vowel and a single consonant then double.If the accent in the base word falls on the final syllable, then double the final consonant before adding the suffix. If the accent does not fall on the last syllable, do not double.

omitted to leave out; fail to includepropellant a person or thing that propels, especially a fuel for

propelling a rocketcompelling to force driveforgetting to cease or fail to remember; lose from memorypreferred to like better; value more

deferred to put off until later; delayconcurring to agree or approveconferred to grant, bestow, or awardforbidden not allowedreferred to go for information or helprepellant that drives or keeps away or backbeginnerorbited the path taken by a celestial body or artificial satellite as

it moves around its enter or attractionbenefiting something that is helpful leveled having a flat surface, with each part a the same heightpiloting to guide, conduct or steerpreference the act of preferring; to show good judgment in one’s

preferencesdeference respect and consideration for the wishes and opinions of

anothermodeling to wear and display clothingconference a discussion or consultation on a particular subjectlimited confined within a limit or limits; restrictedreference the act of calling attention

editing to arrange, correct, or in any waycanceled to cross out or mark to show it has been used or noted

to call off, make impossible or do away with

Sort 55 Words from FrenchNotice French spelling.brunette having more or less dark skin, hair, and eyescassette a case holding a spool of magnetic tap for easy insertion

into a tape recorder or playerbarrette a small bar with a clasp used for holding hair in placeomelette eggs beaten together with water or milk and cooked by

frying or sometimes bakingvignette a short description or picture in words written with charm

and stylecigarette a paper tube filled with shredded tobacco for smokingsilhouette a portrait in outline, cut out of black paper or drawn and

filled in with a dark solid colorballet a dance in which formal steps and movements are

performed by costumed dancers

beret a soft flat cap without a visor, usually made of woolbouquet a bunch of flowers; nosegaybuffet a piece of dining-room furniture for holding silver,

glassware, or table linen; a meal at which guests serve themselves from patters of food

chalet a Swiss cottage with very wide eavescroquet an outdoor game in which the players use mallets with

long handles to drive wooden balls through a series of wickets

gourmet a person who appreciates the finest food and drinkcrochet to make or trim by forming connected loops of thread or

yarn with a hooked needlesachet a small, ornamental bag of perfumed powder, used for

scenting clothingbanquet a lavish feastbracelet a band or chain worn as an ornament around the wristfaucet a device with an adjustable valve used to start, stop, or

regulate the flow of a liquid as from a pipegoblet a drinking glass with a base and stem and no handlesprophet a person who speaks or writes with or as if with a divine

messagevelvet a cloth, as one of silk, rayon, or cotton, with a thick,

smooth pile on one sidesonnet a poem of fourteen lines that rhyme according to a

formal, fixed schemecouplet tow successive lines of verse that go together usually

rhymed and having the same meterSort 56 Prefix Assimilation (in-)

in- im- il- ir- = not

incorrect not correct, proper, true, or suitableinactive not active or in use; idleinaccurate not accurate; incorrectincapable lacking the necessary ability, skill, or capacityinnumerable too many to be counted; countlessinsecure apt to break, fall, or fail; not safeindecent not decent or properimmobile not movable; fixed tightlyimmoral morally bad; wickedimmature not fully grown, ripened or developedimmediate done or happening without delay; at once

imperfect having a fault or faults; not perfectimpartial not favoring one thing or personimpatient lacking patience; easily annoyed, as at delay or

discomfortillegal not legal; forbidden by lawillicit not permitted; unlawful illogical showing a lack of sound reasoningillegitimate born of parents who were not married to each otherirresistible incapable of being resisted or opposedirremovable incapable of being removedirrational not able to reason or understandirresponsible not responsible or reliable; having no sense of dutyirreplaceable not capable of being replaced; having no substituteirregular not in accord with customary standards, established

patterns, or traditional rules

Sort 57 Prefix Assimilation (com-)

com- = with/together

commune to talk privately; to be closecommittee a group of people chose to do certain specified thingscombination the act of joiningcommotion great confusion; excitement; disturbancecommitment a committing or being committedcomplement something that completes or perfectscollaborate to work together, as on literary or scientific effortscollide to come together with a strong or violent impact; crashcollapse to give way; cave incollage a decorative composition of bits of paper, cloth, or other

materials attached to a surfacecorrelate to place or put in relation one to the other;correspond to be in agreement with each othercorrupted depraved, wicked or dishonestcorrosive that corrodes; corrodingcoexist to live or exist together in the same place or at the same

timecoauthor an author who writes in conjunction with another authorcohesive having or showing cohesioncoordinate to bring or come into the right relation for working

togethercohort a companion or followercoincidence a seemingly remarkable chance occurrence or

appearance of two things at the same place or timeconfer to grant, bestow, or awardconvention a meeting or assembly for some purposeconnection the act of connectingconfide to tell in trust or confidence

Sort 58 Prefix Assimilation (sub-)

sub- = under/below

subversive tending to undermine or overthrow, as a government or law

subjugate to bring under domination or control; conquer; subduesubdue to gain power over, as by force; conquersubconscious the part of one’s mind that one is usually not aware ofsuburban of, having to do with or living in a suburb or the suburbssubsidize to support or assist with a grant of moneysubcommittee a small committee formed from a larger committee to do

some special work submissive giving in or willing to give in to what is asked or

demanded; obedient

suffix one or more syllables added on at the end of a word to make another word of different meaning or function

suffer to feel or endure pain or distresssuffrage the right to votesuffocate to kill by depriving of air; smother; stiflesupport to bear the weight of; hold up or hold in placesuppress to put down or end by force; crushsupplement something added, often to supply a lacksupplant to take the place of, often unfairlysupplies to furnish what is needed or wantedsuccumb to give in or give way, as to force or persuasionsuccessive following in order without interruption; consecutivesuccinct made or expressed clearly and briefly, with no wasted

wordssuspect to believe that something or someone is bad, wrong, or

guilty, without real proofsustain to hold in position; supportsuspense a condition or situation in which where is a good deal of

doubt, worry, fear, or uncertainty about what is going to happen

susceptible easily influenced, moved, or affected

Sort 59 Prefix Assimilation (ex-, ob-)

ex- = out/out of/beyond

expenditure the act of spending or using upexaggerate the act of exaggeratingexcessive to great or too muchexcavate to make a hole or cavity in by diggingexcursion a short pleasure trip or outingexcrete to throw off or eliminate waste matter from the bodyextraction the act of extractingeffusive overly emotional and enthusiastic; gushingeffort the use of physical or mental energy or power to get

something doneeffervescence to give off bubbles, as soda water

efficient producing results with the least effort or waste; capableobstruction something that obstructs; obstacle; hindranceobsolete old; out-of-dateobjection a statement or feeling of disagreement or oppositionobnoxious very disagreeable or unpleasant; objectionableobstinate stubbornly holding to one’s opinion or purposes;

unyieldingopponent a person who opposes another, as in sports, war, or

debatingopposite located or placed on the other side or on each side of a

space or objectopportunity a right or convenient time, occasion, or circumstanceoffend to give offense to; displease; angeroffensive unpleasant or disagreeableoccupy to take and hold possession of, as by conquestoccurred to happen or take placeoccasion the particular time of a happening

Sort 60 Prefix Assimilation (ad-)

ad- = to/toward

advertise to make known or praise publicly, usually in order to selladminister to be in charge or; manageadvice a suggestion or opinion on what one ought to do or how

to do itaddictive leading to addiction; habit-formingadhesive designed or tending to stick fast; stickyadditional added or to be added; extraadjoining to be next to; border onapproach to come nearer in space or timeapproximate almost exact, correct or likeappoint to select for a position, office, or duty; designate

appendage something attached to a larger or main partapprentice a person who works for another in order to learn a trade

or businessappreciate to recognize the merit of; understand and value or enjoyassociate to make or see a connection between; connect in one’s

mindassignment the act of assigningassertive very bold and self-confident; aggressiveattentive giving or showing attentionattract to cause to come near without visible connectionattribute to consider as belonging to or caused byattempt to make an effort; tryaccompany to come or go along with; escortaccommodate to hold comfortably; be suitable foraccelerate to increase speed or the speed ofaccumulate to heap or pile up; together; collect

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