Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Tower:An Alternative to the Boardman Coal Power PlantJeremy FlowersMichael McMullinMichael Swanson

Introduction

● Technology Selection● Efficiency Analysis● Site Selection● Environmental Impact

PGE Service Area

Technology Selection

Gemasol Plant, Seville, Spain

3 Hybrid Natural Gas / Solar Power Tower Plants● 125 MW Nameplate Capacity● 194m tower height● 1,160,000 m2

Heliostat area● 1,746 acres total● 14 Hours thermal

storage● Evaporative condenser

Technology SelectionSpecifications developed in NREL System Advisor Model

Technology Selection

Natural Gas / Solar Thermal Plant

Hybrid Fossil Fuel / Solar Thermal plant

Technology Selection

Hybrid Natural Gas / Solar Thermal Plant

139,000 MWh annual delivered by natural gas117,000 MWh annual delivered by solar thermal

55% Natural Gas, 45% Solar Thermal

Technology Selection

Hybrid Advantages● Improved economics for immediate implementation● Reduced risk● Gas throttlable to accommodate hydropower supply

CSP Design Output Boardman Output

Efficiency Analysis

Hybrid plant net annual efficiency equation

Pd =Nameplate Power (kW)CF=Capacity FactorA=Heliostat Field Area (m2)I=Annual Insolation (kWh/m2)FNG= Annual Natural Gas Fuel Input (kWh)

Annual efficiency solar alone (FNG=0, CF=0.343): 15.2%

Net annual efficiency (CF=0.841): 37.2%Typical coal power plant efficiency: 30-45%

Project CostFinancial estimates generated in NREL System Advisor Module

Installed cost per plant: $850,500,000Total Project cost (3 Plants): $2.55 Billion

Fuel cost: $34.4 Million annual

Construction cost of 375 MW Coal-fired plant: $1.43 Billion

Fuel cost: $67.8 Million annual

Project Cost

Stacked Cost

Project Cost

Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)

Source: System Advisor Model

Site Selection

● Annual Direct Normal Solar Radiation● Natural Gas Lines● Water Source● High Voltage Transmission Lines● Flat Terrain● Minimal Wind

Gusts

Site Selection

Annual Direct Normal Solar Radiation

Site Selection

High Voltage Transmission Lines

Site Selection

Natural Gas Lines

kWh/m2/day1. Lakeview: 5.842. Bonanza: 5.823. Malin: 5.794. Chiloquin: 5.79

Daggett, CA: 7.65Tucson, AZ: 7.22

Site Selection

4

2 1

3

Site Selection

Lakeview advantage● Large Body of Water ● The Ruby Natural Gas Line● High Voltage Transmission Lines● Low Land Cost● The Highest Yearly Ave. Direct

Normal Solar Radiation in Oregon

Environmental impact

CO2 Emissions (2010)

Natural Gas Coal117,000 lbs/billion BTU 208,000 lbs/billion BTU

Boardman coal-fired power plant

Environmental impact

CO2 Emissions (2008)

Natural Gas Sub-bituminousEmission Factor

53.06 kg CO2/MMBTU

97.17 kg CO2/MMBTU

Environmental impact

CO2 Emissions● Boardman - 4.3 million tons (2010)

● Hybrid CSP - 2.3 million tons

7.85 Super tankers

4.18 Super tankers

Environmental impact

Water usage - Hybrid CSP● 2,533,434m3 /yr- 670 million gal/yr

○ 63 washes per year

● 52 washes per year○ save 8,954m3 - 2.4 million gal

● 0 washes per year ○ save 42,360 m3 - 11,185,044 gallons

1,014 olympic pools

3.58 olympic pools

17 olympic pools

Environmental impact

Land use● Boardman sized Coal power plant

○ 5,282 acres including coal mines

● Biomass replacement ○ 75,000-114,000 acres of Arundo Donax

● Hybrid CSP○ 5,238 acres

Environmental impact

Northern Basin and Range● Sensitive species

○ Modoc sucker○ Great basin redband trout○ Goose lake sucker○ Columbia spotted frog○ Mountain quail○ Burrowing owl○ Willow flycatcher

● Endangered species○ Gray wolf

Willow Flycatcher

Columbia spotted frog

Project Overview

● Replace controllable baseload capacity at Boardman Coal Power Plant (374 MW PGE capacity)

● Location: Lakeview, OR● 3 Hybrid Natural Gas / Solar Thermal Power

Plants● 125 MW Nameplate Capacity each● Total Project Cost, $2.5 Billion● Reduce CO2 emissions by approximately half

Sources

System Advisor Model (SAM) version 2011.12.2 Sandia National Laboratories/NRELeia.gov What is the efficiency of different types of power plants?eia.gov Natural Gas Weeklyhttp://geo-energy.org/reports/environmental%20guide.pdfUS Department of Energy Sunshot Vision Study February 2012NREL Assessment of Parabolic Trough and Power Tower Solar Technology cost and

Performance Forecasts October 2003NREL Solar Two Performance Evaluation August 1999http://www.naturalgas.org/environment/naturalgas.asphttp://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=3950http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=107&t=3http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/coefficients.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/jul/22/first-molten-salt-solar-pCoastal Chemical Co., L.L.C. Brenntag Companyhttp://solardat.uoregon.edu/NorthwestSolarResourceMaps.htmlhttp://portlandwiki.org/Green_industryhttp://www.kval.com/news/business/157586715.html

Sources

www.europeanfutureenergyforum.comhttp://www.flixya.com/photo/1529577/Very-Big-Super-Tanker-Knock-Nevishttp://israelmatzav.blogspot.com/2010/05/olympic-swimming-pool-opens-in-gaza.htmlhttp://www.deltathx.com/uploads/WetSAC.JPGhttp://content.edgar-online.com/edgar_conv_img/2011/04/22/0001193125-11-106341_G173853G37K45.JPGhttp://www.greenrhinoenergy.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goose_Lake.jpghttps://maps.google.com/http://www.dfw.state.or.us/wildlife/diversity/species/docs/SSL_by_taxon.pdEpa.govhttp://www.wildherps.com/images/herps/standard/frog_Meadow_Creek_1.jpghttp://ic2.pbase.com/o6/97/484697/1/83337629.aQFi0W8i.415673107WIFLweb.jpghttp://papundits.wordpress.com/2011/06/05/co2-emissions-concentrating-solar-power-the-failed-saviour/ http://www.portlandgeneral.com/business/builders_developers/unity_service/service_area.aspx